unggul priyant o agency for assessment and application of technology republic of indonesia
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BIOENERGY POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA. Unggul Priyant o Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology Republic of Indonesia November 1, 2010. INTRODUCTION. World Peak-Oil & Indonesian Oil Production Projection. UNCERTAINTY DEPLETION. CURRENT ENERGY MIX (1 billion BOE). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Unggul Priyanto Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology
Republic of IndonesiaNovember 1, 2010
INTRODUCTION
World Peak-Oil & Indonesian Oil Production Projection
UNCERTAINTY DEPLETION
4
Gas, 30%
National Energy Mix 2025 (3 billion BOE)(Presidential Decree No. 5/2006)
NATIONAL ENERGY POLICYNATIONAL ENERGY POLICY(PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 5 YEAR 2006)(PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 5 YEAR 2006)
Natural Gas, 28.57%
Coal, 15.34%
Oil51.66%
Geothermal, 1.32%
Hydro Power, 3.11%
CURRENT ENERGY MIX (1 billion BOE)National (Primary) Energy Mix
Energy Elasticity = 1,8
Coal , 35%
Oil 20%
Biofuel, 5%
Geothermal, 5%
wood waste, Nuclear, Hydro, Solar Energy, Wind Power, 5%
RE,15%
Energy Elasticity < 1
Opportunities for Bioenergy
• Bioenergy are available in liquid state• Bioenergy is renewable energy• Bioenergy can give a large contribution to
reducing GHG emissions• Bioenergy is a clean energy source• Bioenergy markets provide major business
opportunities (bio-diesel, bio-ethanol)• Bioenergy can provide a key lever for rural
development and enhanced agricultural production methods
5-20%
Crude bio-oil
Biodiesel
diesel oilBio-Diesel
Diesel Engine: car, Genset
Coconut
palm Jathropa
PURE PLANT OIL(PPO ) and BIODIESEL
Raw materials for Biofuel
BIOETHANOL
Methanol+
Cassava mollases
Hydrolysis + Fermentation
Bioethanol ( 9% )
Dehydration
Bioethanol ( FG )
Gasolin Engine
GasolineBioPremium
5-20%
Lignoselulosa
Pure Plant Oil
diesel oil
Plant Part of Plant Ethanol Productivity(L/ha/yr)
Cassava Root 4,500
Sweet potato Root 7,800
Sugar Cane Stalk 5,000 – 6,000
Corn Grain 5,000 -6,000
Sorghum Grain 3,000 -4,000
Sweet sorghum Stalk 5,500 – 6,000
Sago Stalk 4,000 – 5,000
Palm Sugar/Aren Sap 10,000-20,000
Nipah (Mangrove) Sap 5,000 -15,000
Lontar Sap 8,000 – 10,000
Coconut Sap 8,000 – 10,000
Resource Base of Bioethanol
Resource Base of Vegetable Oil•There are 350 plantation that supply vegetable oil
Plantation Kg oil per Ha L oil per ha
Palm oil 5000 5950
coconut 2260 2689
jatropha 1590 1892
rapeseed 1000 1190
peanuts 890 1059
sunflowers 800 952
soybean 375 446
corn (maize) 145 172
Sector Quantity (t/year)
Sugar industry Bagasse 8,500,000 Leaf cane 1,290,000 Palm oil mill Shell 3,450,000 Fibre 6,700,000 Empty fruit bunches 12,900,000 Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)
31,000,000
Rice Mills 12,500,000 Wood waste 8,345,933
Biomass Waste Resources Potential
BIOENERGY POLICY IN INDONESIA
OBJECTIVE OF BIOFUEL DEVELOPMENT
1. Poverty alleviation and job creation2. Encourage enhancement of sustainable economical activities, through biofuel development :
• Reasonable price• Efficient, reliable, save and environmental
friendly3. Reducing domestic fossil fuel consumption
STRATEGY1. Developing investment and finance scheme in biofuel
development2. Developing price mechanism, starting from the feedstock up to
biofuel product that support biofuel development effectively 3. Increasing local content on biofuel development4. Improving feedstock supply and production infrastructure5. Establishing biofuel trading system (59 Gas station use
Bioethanol, E2. 1394 Diesel station use Biodiesel, B2-B10)6. Accelerate land availability 7. Developing Special Biofuel Zone and Self Sufficient Energy
Village 8. Improving Local Government and society participation in biofuel
business
FAST TRACK BIOFUEL DEVELOPMENT
Fast TrackEach Region Developing
its Biofuel Potential
SPECIAL BIOFUEL ZONE
Create Job
Poverty Alleviation
Energy
SHORT RUN LONG RUN
Energy Self Sufficient Village
• Infrastructure• Demplot• On time schedule• Explicit investment employment ratio
• Infrastructure• Demplot• On time schedule• Explicit investment employment ratio
CHALLENGES 1. Land availability for Biofuel Development
Land availability inventory, synchronizing data among Forestry Department, National Land Affairs Agency and Regional Government
2. High price of biodiesel feedstock, especially CPO
Feedstock diversification is needed
3. Improving quality of Biofuel commodities
Agricultural research on biofuel commodities sector
4. Improving national technological capabilities on biofuel processing
Research and Development, technology transfer on biofuel processing with more experienced parties
5. The price of biofuel that has not yet competitive in compare with fossil fuel
Subsidy Fossil fuels/oil
Feedstock diversification and effective technology will decrease the price of biofuel
ROADMAP OF BIOFUEL UTILIZATION
Bio Diesel
Bio Etanol
BiodieselKonsumsi dIESEL 10%
2.41 juta kL
BiodieselKonsumsi dIESEL 10%
2.41 juta kL
Biodiesel15% Konsumsi dIESEL
4.52 juta kL
Biodiesel15% Konsumsi dIESEL
4.52 juta kL
2005-2010 2011-2015 2016-2025
Biodiesel20% Konsumsi dIESEL
10.22 juta kL
Biodiesel20% Konsumsi dIESEL
10.22 juta kL
Bioetanol5% Konsumsi gASOLIN
1.48 juta kL
Bioetanol5% Konsumsi gASOLIN
1.48 juta kL
Bioetanol10% Konsumsi Gasolin
2.78 juta kL
Bioetanol10% Konsumsi Gasolin
2.78 juta kL
Bioetanol15% Konsumsi Gasolin
6.28 juta kL
Bioetanol15% Konsumsi Gasolin
6.28 juta kL
Bio Oil
Bio Fuel
Biokerosin1 juta kL
Biokerosin1 juta kL
Biokerosin1.8 juta kL
Biokerosin1.8 juta kL
Biokerosin4.07 juta kl
Biokerosin4.07 juta kl
Biofuel2% energi mix
5.29 juta kL
Biofuel2% energi mix
5.29 juta kL
Biofuel3% energi mix
9.84 juta kL
Biofuel3% energi mix
9.84 juta kL
Biofuel 5% energi mix22.26 juta kL
Biofuel 5% energi mix22.26 juta kL
- PPO untuk Pembangkit Listrik
- Biokerosin
PPO0.4 juta kL PPO
0.4 juta kL PPO
0.74 juta kL PPO
0.74 juta kL PPO
1.69 juta kl PPO
1.69 juta kl
15
16
Type of Sector
October 2008 until Desember
2008
January 2009
January 2010
January 2015**
January 2020**
January 2025**
Note
Household - - - - - -
PSO Transportation
1%(existing)
1% 2.5% 5% 10% 20%
With respect to total demand
Non PSO Transportation
- 1% 3% 7% 10% 20%
Industrial and Commercial
2.5% 2.5% 5% 10% 15% 20%
Generating electricity
0.1% 0.25% 1% 10% 15% 20%
According to Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 32/2008
Mandatory of biofuel utilization
Biodiesel (B100)
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Type of Sector
October 2008 until December
2008
January 2009
January 2010
January 2015**
January 2020**
January 2025**
Details
Household - - - - - -
PSO Transportation
3%(existing)
1% 3% 5% 10% 15%With
respect to total
demand
Non PSO Transportation
5%(existing)
5% 7% 10% 12% 15%
Industrial and Commercial
- 5% 7% 10% 12% 15%
Generating electricity
- - - - - -
Mandatory of biofuel utilization according toMinister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 32/2008
Biofuel Development in Indonesia
Bioethanol (E100)
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PENTAHAPAN KEWAJIBAN MINIMAL PEMANFAATANPENTAHAPAN KEWAJIBAN MINIMAL PEMANFAATANPURE OLANT OILPURE OLANT OIL
Jenis SektorOktober 2008 s.d Desember
2008
Januari 2009
Januari 2010
Januari 2015**
Januari 2020**
Januari 2025**
Keterangan
House hold - - - - - - Saat ini tidak ditentukan
Industri dan Transportasi(Low and medium speed engine)
Industri - - 1 % 3 % 5 % 10 %
Marine - - 1 % 3 % 5 % 10 %
Power Generation - 0,25 % 1 % 5 % 7 % 10 % * Terhadap kebutuhan total
** Spesifikasi disesuaikan dengan spesifikasi global dan kepentingan domestik
PROGRESS ON BIOENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA
Potensi Lahan Pengembangan TebuRendahSedangTinggiSangat Tinggi
SUGAR GROUP Lampung
70.000 kl/year(Molases, Integrated Industry)
Molindo Raya Malang, Jatim
50.000 kl/year(molases ex-PTPN)
BPPT Lampung2.500 kl/year
(Cassava)
Production of Production of Fuel-Grade BIOETHANOL : Realization till December Fuel-Grade BIOETHANOL : Realization till December 20020088 about about 192.349 kl/yrkl/yr, Commitment , Commitment 3.77 mill. kl/yr in 2010
BLUE & MONONUTU Minsel
2 x 200 litres/day(Sugarpalm)
PANCA Cicurug200 litres/day(Cassava &
Molases)
TRIDAYA Cilegon3.000 litres/day
(Molases)
BLUE Balikpapan200 litres/day
(Molases, Sorghum)
BEKONANG, Solonx100 litres/day
(Molases)
Potensi Lahan Pengembangan TebuRendahSedangTinggiSangat Tinggi
WILMAR GROUP Dumai
990.000 ton/yr(CPO)
ETERINDO Gresik & Tangerang
240.000 ton/yr(CPO)
PTPN 4 & GANESHA
ENERGI Medan4.000 ton/yr
(CPO)
SUMIASIH Bekasi & Lampung
100.000 ton/yr (CPO)
BPPT Serpong 300
ton/yr(CPO)
EAI Jakarta 500 ton/yr
(CPO)
RAP Bintaro 1.650 ton/yr
(CPO)
DHARMEX 100.000 ton/yr
(CPO)
INDO BIOFUELS ENERGY
Merak100.000 ton/yr(CPO)
PLATINUM Serang
20.000 ton/yr(CPO)
Production of BIODIESEL : Install Capacity till December 2008about 2.029.110 kl/yr and and 3 mill. kl/yr in 2010
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Gas Station blendingGas Station blending Biofuel Biofuel byby Pertamina: Pertamina: s/d Juni 2008s/d Juni 2008
Bali11 SPBU Biosolar
14 SPBU Biopertamax
Surabaya19 SPBU Biosolar
7 SPBU Biopertamax
Malang1 SPBU Biopremium3 SPBU Biopertamax
Jakarta202 SPBU Biosolar
22 SPBU BiopertamaxTotal: 279 SPBU untuk: -Biosolar (1%): 232 SPBU-Biopertamax (5%): 46 SPBU-Biopremium (3%): 1 SPBU
PROSPECT ON BIOMASS WASTE UTILIZATION
Combustion GasificationPyrolysis
LiquefactionHTU
Digestion FermentationExtraction(oilseeds)
Thermochemical conversion Biochemical conversion
Gas Gas Oil
Steamturbine
Steam Charcoal Biogas
Gasengine
Gas turbinecombined
cycle, engine
Fuel cell
Methanol/hydrocarbon/
hydrogensynthesis
Heat Electricity Fuels
Upgrading
Diesel
Distillation
Ethanol
Esterification
Bio-diesel PPO
Purification
Technologies of Bioenergy
Fibers
Palm FFB
Steam Process
Palm EFB
Boiler
Electricity
Scheme of Palm Waste Utilization
Bio compost
Kernel sheel
Power Generation
CPO
POME
Bio Gas
20%18% 9%
48%
5%
Molasses
Fermentation
Sugar Cane
Sugar
Distillation
Dehydration
Ethanol 99.5%
Filter cake (mud)Bagasses
GASOHOL
Bio compost Plant
Power Plant
Bio compost
Spent wash
Electricity
Scheme of Sugar Cane Waste Utilization
20% 8% 5%
Biomass To Liquid
Source: NREL
Methanol/ Ethanol
Green Diesel
H2
FT Process
palm
Jathropa
Fuel Additives / Blends Fuels
DMEGasolineDieselEthanol(Biomass)
BiodieselEthanol(Sugar,Grain)
Veg Oil/ Grease
Glycerol
Biodiesel
Trans-esterification
FAME/FAEEBiodiesel
CO
Rice Husk
Wood waste
FLOW PROCESS IN BIOETHANOL PRODUCTIONSugar STARCH LIGNOCELLULOSIC
LIQUIFACTION OF COOKING PRETREATMENT
SUCCHARIFICATION (HYDROLYSIS)
SACCHARIFICATION (HYDROLYSIS)
FERMENTATION 7 PURIFICATION BIOETHANOL
STILLAGE
ANAEROBIC DIGESTER
BIOGAS COMBUSTION
ENZYME STEAM
MICROBE’S CELL
FLOW DIAGRAM BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION USING DIFFERENT RAW MATERIAL
STEAMENZYME
ACID
ENZYMEACIDENZYME
FERTILIZER
Concluding Remarks• When first generation biofuels production is preferred, where
feedstocks used are also competing with food and feed lines, there should be accompanied with intensification of agricultural production and diversification of food crops.
• The fact that the demand of food, feed and fuel are steadily increasing, especially in the developing countries, non-food feedstocks (biomass waste) are preferable. This is in line with second generation biofuels production.
• Promoting public awareness in utilizing renewable energy would be significant contribution for energy efficiency in particular, and sustainable development in general.
• South East Asian Countries are the greatest producer of biofuel feedstocks in Eastern Asian countries
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THANK YOU