unequal heating, air pressure and winds
DESCRIPTION
Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds. Atmosphere. Atmosphere: a mixture of gases that surrounds Earth: acts like a blanket Contains oxygen Protects from sun Keeps heat in Protects from meteors. Composition of Troposphere. Nitrogen=78% Oxygen=21% Other 1%=water vapor, CO2 and other. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds
![Page 2: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Atmosphere
• Atmosphere: a mixture of gases that surrounds Earth: acts like a blanket– Contains oxygen– Protects from sun– Keeps heat in– Protects from meteors
![Page 3: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Composition of Troposphere
• Nitrogen=78%• Oxygen=21%• Other 1%=water vapor, CO2 and other
![Page 4: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Weather Factors
![Page 5: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Greenhouse Effect
• These gases absorb the heat and act as a “blanket” to keep Earth warm.
• Some greenhouse gases: water, methane, carbon dioxide.
![Page 6: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Air Pressure Review
• Air has mass.• Air takes up space.• Air has density.• Air pressure is the
weight of a column of air pressing down on an area.
![Page 7: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Atmosphere/Pressure• Pressure strongest at
surface-more air above you
• *as altitude (height above surface) increases, air pressure decreases– Stack of books
![Page 8: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Air Pressure
As Air Pressure decreases, so does density.
![Page 9: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
ConvectionCurrents!
![Page 10: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Heating and Cooling of Land and Water Mystery…Can You
Help Solve It?
![Page 11: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Teacher Has Performed An Experiment and Asks That YOU Help Make Some Conclusions About the Data or Information Gathered.
![Page 12: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Experiment Materials and Procedures: The Teacher Used A Thermometer, A Heat Lamp, A Cup of Sand, and A Cup of Water to Find the Temperatures of Both the Sand and The Water Over Two Hours.
![Page 13: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
DATA FROM THE EXPERIMENTTEMPERATURES OF THE SAND
The First Hour It Was Heating Up & The Second Hour It Was Cooling Down15 Minutes
30 Minutes
45 Minutes
1 Hour 15 Minutes
30 Minutes
45 Minutes
1 Hour
68 Degrees
74 Degrees
88 Degrees
93 Degrees
88 Degrees
76 Degrees
68 Degrees
68 Degrees
TEMPERATURES OF THE WATERThe First Hour It Was Heating Up & The Second Hour It Was Cooling Down15 Minutes
30 Minutes
45 Minutes
1 Hour 15 Minutes
30 Minutes
45 Minutes
1 Hour
68 Degrees
71 Degrees
83 Degrees
89 Degrees
87 Degrees
81 Degrees
77 Degrees
73 Degrees
![Page 14: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
TURN AND TALK! Answer the Questions Cooperatively.
![Page 15: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
CONCLUSION• Land Heats Up And Cools Down Faster Than Water!
During the day, land heats faster than a body of water, so the air above the land becomes warmer. The warm air expands and creates a low-pressure system. The cooler air above the body of water blows inland and under the warm air. At night, the opposite happens.
![Page 16: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Morning at the BeachWhat is the temperature of the sand?Of the water?
![Page 17: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Mid-Afternoon at the Beach
What is the temperature of the sand?Of the water?
![Page 18: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Evening at the BeachWhat is the temperature of the sand?Of the water?
![Page 19: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Unequal HeatingWhat heats up quicker?What heats up slower?
At night, which cools down quicker?Which cool down slower?
![Page 20: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Unequal HeatingLand heats up and cools down quickly.Water heats up and cools down slowly.
![Page 21: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Unequal HeatingWarm air rises and creates a low pressure system.
Cold air sinks and creates a high pressure system.
![Page 22: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Do You Remember How Convection Works?
![Page 23: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Winds
![Page 24: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The movement of air caused by differences in air pressure is called WIND.
![Page 25: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
What causes winds? More of a difference in pressure = faster
winds
Lots of difference
![Page 26: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Local Winds
Have you ever flown a kite at the beach on a hot summer day?
Even if there is no wind inland, there may be a cool breeze blowing in
from the water toward the beach. This breeze is an example of local
winds!
![Page 27: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Local Winds
Local winds are winds that blow over short distances.
They are caused by unequal heating of Earth’s surface within a small area.
4 types › sea breezes and land breezes› Mountain breeze and valley breeze
![Page 28: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Why is the ocean colder than the land during the day and warmer than the land during the night?
![Page 29: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Sea Breezes and Land Breezes
![Page 30: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Sea Breeze (Morning)
Land heats up faster than water. Hot air over land rises (Low Pressure), cool air over water falls (High Pressure). Winds move from the water (High Pressure) to the land (Low Pressure).
![Page 31: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Land Breeze (Evening)
Land cools off faster than water. Cool air over land falls (High Pressure), warm air over water rises (Low Pressure). Winds move from the land (High Pressure) to the water (Low Pressure).
![Page 32: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Let’s Draw Land and Sea Breezes…
![Page 33: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Let’s Draw Land and Sea Breezes…
![Page 34: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Animation of Sea Breeze & Land Breeze
• http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1903/es1903page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization
![Page 35: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Valley Breeze (Day)
During the day the sun warms the air slopes, creating a valley breeze…
at nightfall, the air along the mountain slopes cools…
![Page 37: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Mountain Breeze (Night)
This cool air moves down the slopes into the valley, producing a mountain breeze!
![Page 38: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Let’s Draw Mountain and Valley Breezes
![Page 39: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Global Winds Created by unequal heating of Earth’s surface.
![Page 40: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Global winds
Warm air rises from the equator and sinks at the poles.
› Warm air = less dense = low pressure
› Cool air = more dense = high pressure
![Page 41: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Global Winds… cont… The movement of air
between the equator and the poles produces global winds.
Coriolis effect produces patterns of air circulation called global winds.
![Page 42: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
GLOBAL WIND PATTERNS
![Page 43: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Coriolis Effect.As the Earth rotates, winds and currents move in a curved path, called the coriolis effect.
![Page 44: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Global Wind Belts Major global wind systems: Polar easterlies, westerlies, and trade winds.
![Page 46: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Doldrums• Where the trade winds meet around the equator• Very little wind because the warm air rising = low
pressure
![Page 47: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Horse Latitudes• High pressure areas… 300N and 300S• Very weak winds
![Page 48: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Jet Streams Bands of high speed winds Upper troposphere and lower
stratosphere Blow from west to east at
speeds of 200-400 km/hr. Help airplanes save fuel and
time when traveling east.
![Page 50: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Anemometer- a device used to measure wind speed. Wind vanes measure wind
direction.
![Page 51: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Study Jams Video- Air Pressure and Wind
http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/weather-and-climate/air-pressure-and-wind.htm
![Page 52: Unequal Heating, Air Pressure and Winds](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816302550346895dd37a4b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Measuring Wind
Winds are described by their direction and speed.
Wind direction is determined with a wind vane – points in the direction the wind is moving!
Wind speed is measured with an anemometer.
The increased cooling that a wind can cause is called the wind chill factor.
Anemometer – The cups catch the wind, turning faster when the wind blows faster.
Wind Vane