undp’s participation in lebanon’s recovery in the …2 undp’s participation in lebanon’s...

UNDP’s

Participation

in Lebanon’s

Recovery in the

Aftermath of the

July 2006 War

We wish to acknowledge with thanks the generous contributions

of donor partners to UNDP Lebanon’s Recovery Efforts

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UNDP’s Participation in Lebanon’s Recovery in the Aftermath of the July 2006 War

I. Preface

II. cONTeXTaNDPerSPecTIVeSUNDPINLeBaNONa. Newcontextandperspective:aglancebacktothe1990’s Aninnovativepartnershipmodalityatnationallevel Apartnershipwiththepeopleontheground UNDP’sthematicfocus UNDPcapacitytorespondtoshiftingchallengesandprioritiesB. fastforwardtotheeveofthe“JulyWar” Commitmenttosocialactionandpublicengagementinaclimate ofreformIII. OUTBreaKOfWar&THeUNfOLDING HUMaNITarIaNcrISIS

a. UNDP’sresponsetotheunfoldinghumanitariancrisis Supporttonationalleadershipofhumanitariancoordination LinkingUNhumanitariancoordinationtonationalleadership UNDPparticipatesintheprovisionofhumanitarianreliefsupplies Inperspective:limitsofUNhumanitarianaction

B. Planningforearlyrecoveryinthemidstofwar SupportingGovernmentleadershipofEarlyRecovery:QuickStarting/ HighImpactEarlyRecoveryProjects Impactandneedsassessments

IV. THeWar’SIMPacT Thehumantoll Thetolloncivilianinfrastructureandrelatedservices Thetolloneconomicactivity Thetollontheenvironment UXOsprolongthetollonlivesandlivelihoods

V. ONTHeDaYTHeWareNDeD,LeBaNONreBOUNDS

VI. reSTOrINGLIVeSaNDLIVeLIHOODSINTHe War’SafTerMaTH

a. earlyrecovery:UNDPPackageof5QuickStarting/High ImpactprojectstorestoreLivesandLivelihoods Ontheground,withthepeople1. Rubbleremovalandrestorationofmunicipalservicesandutilities2. CleaningoftheOilSpill3. Restoringfishermen’slivelihoods4. Reactivationofkeypublicadministrationoperations5. SupportingnationalleadershipandcoordinationofEarlyRecovery •RecoveryandReconstructionCell •TheStockholmConference •DevelopmentAssistanceDatabase(DAD)

Table of Contents4

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•Post-WarNeedsAssessmentsforRestoringLivesandLivelihoods Rapidenvironmentalassessmentforgreeningrecovery,reconstructionandreform(2006) Comparativehouseholdsurvey Comparativesurveyofwar’simpactonsmallandmicro-enterprises Localrecoveryneedsassessments

•Coordinationatsub-nationallevel •LebanonRecoveryFund(LRF)

B. Sustainingrecovery OilWasteManagement WasteManagement ManagingtheDisposalofHazardousRubbleandDebris SolarWaterHeaters:SavingsonIncomesandEnergyConsumption RestorationandPreservationofLivelihoods •Rehabilitation/Constructionoftraditionalmarketplaces •Reactivationofsmall,microandcooperative-enterprisesand vocationaltraining •Regeneratinginformalsourcesofincome(medicinalandaromatic plants) •FreshwaterAquaculture •Floodprotectionandirrigationcanals(NorthBekaa) •MineAction•ResourcesMobilizedandDelivered

VII. SUSTaINeDrecOVerYfOrSUSTaINeDDeVeLOPMeNT ParisIII UNDPattheNexusofSustainedRecovery,ReformandDevelopment ANationalSocialDevelopmentStrategy Impetustotheproductivesectorsoftheeconomy GreeningReconstructionandRecovery Decentralization EquitableLocalDevelopment:“ARTGOLD”Lebanon Peacebuilding ElectoralLawReform StrengtheningofCivilSocietypartnerships NationalHumanDevelopmentReport(NHDR):StateandCitizenship DisasterManagement CivilDefense TheNahrelBaredCrisis:HumanitarianandRecoveryResponse HarmonizingPlanningforSustainedRecoveryandSustained Development

aNNeXeS Maps LinkstoFinalizedandOngoingAssessmentsandSurveysfor2007 LinkstoSourceDocumentationandFurtherReading Testimonials Programme(NonRecovery)ProjectList Glossary

Table of Contents

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UNDP has been operational in Lebanon for nearly five decades, since 1960. Itspresenceinthecountryhasbeencontinuousandsteadfastinthebestoftimesandintheworstoftimes,intimesofwarandintimesofpeace,andintimesoftransition. UNDP’s constancy remained as firm and resolute during the devas-tatingwarthatIsraelwagedonLebanoninJuly2006,asinitsaftermath.ItisaconstancyanchoredinthebroadcredibilityandpublicconfidenceUNDPisprivi-legedtohaveaccruedoverdecades–acredibilitywhichUNDPrecognizesitmustalwaysseektoearnandaconfidenceitmustalwaysholdintrustthroughitswork,inpartnershipwiththepeopleandgovernmentofLebanon,towardssustained,inclusiveandequitablenationalandhumandevelopment.

Whilethisone-yearretrospectivesincetheendoftheJulyWarhighlightsUNDP’sparticipationinLebanon’srecovery,itistheindomitablespirit,resilience,solidar-ity, creativity, inventiveness and national unity and dignity of all the Lebaneseinthefaceofinordinatechallenges,asexemplifiedduringtheJuly2006war,towhichUNDP/Lebanonpaystribute.

MostofthesesameattributesarealsoevidencedbythefactthatLebanon,de-spitetheinordinatechallengesitfaced,wonfourhighlyprestigiousandcompeti-tiveinternationalawardsforachievementsintherespectivefieldsoffinanceandenvironment,whichwereconferredtoitatrespectiveceremoniesthisyear.Thefirst international prize was awarded to the Ministry of Finance, under the cat-egoryofPublicService,forintroducingreformsestablishingexemplarysystemsoffinancialtransparencyandaccountability; and,ontheoccasionofthe20thAnniversaryoftheMontrealProtocol,threeawardswereconferredontheMinis-tryoftheEnvironment:theMontrealProtocolImplementersAwardforLebanon’sNationalOzoneOffice,theBest20thAnniversary-relatedPosterAward,andtheExemplaryProjectAwardfortheAlternativestoMethylBromideproject.UNDPisprivilegedtohavebeencloselyassociatedwiththeworkuponwhichsuchinter-nationalrecognitionandhonourwerebestowed,inpartnershipwitheachofthetwoministriesrespectively,andattendedtheawardsceremonies.

Mona HammamUNDP Resident Representative

& UN Resident Coordinator

I. Preface

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a.anewcontextandperspective:aglancebacktothe1990’s

TheperiodimmediatelyfollowingtheLebaneseCivilWarwhichhadragedsince1975andwassuperimposedwithIsraeliinvasionsandmilitaryoccupation,wasaperiodoftransitionforthecountryandforUNDP.

Inthefaceofthecivilwar’sdevastatingtollonhumanlives,thefabricandcohe-sionofsociety,thecountry’sphysicalinfrastructure,theinstitutionsofstate,andtheeconomicstructureandfiscalframeworkofthecountry,the1989Ta’efAgree-mentbroughtthecivilwartoanend,markedthebeginningofaneweraofpo-liticalstability,andsetinmotionopportunitiesforLebanon’sreconstructionandeconomicandsocialrecovery,exceptingthesouthwhichremainedunderIsraelioccupationuntiltheyear2000.

An innovative partnership modality at national levelThesepromisingconditionsfollowingtheTa’efAgreementalsopromptedtheini-tiationofaninnovativemodalityofstrategicpartnershipbetweenUNDPandgov-ernment institutions, adapted to meet the challenges of Lebanon’s emergencefromtheravagesof thecivilwar. Thus in1991,at therequestof theGovern-ment,UNDPestablisheditsfirstPolicyAdvisoryUnit(PAU)co-locatedintheMin-istryofFinance,toregeneratethefoundationsofpublicfinanceandfiscalreforms.Structurally,itwasstaffedbyhighcaliberLebaneseexpertswhohadreturnedtoLebanon from their Diaspora, motivated to help rebuild their country after thecivil war. Functionally, the PAU provides advice on needed policy and legisla-tivereformsandcontributestotheir formulation, implementsapprovedreformmeasureswithintheMinistry,strengthenssystemsandhumanresourcecapaci-ties,andengagesinthetransferofknowledgeandbestpractices.Thissuccessfulpartnershipmodality,withslightvariation,wassoonreplicated inseveralotherlineministriesandkeyGovernmentoffices,toaccompanynationalefforts,includ-ingtowardsaseamlesstransitionfrompost-civilwarreconstruction,reformandrecoverytolonger-termandsustaineddevelopment. Thisstrategicpartnershipmodalitycontinuesandremainsvibranttothisday.

A partnership with the people on the groundInparalleltoitsworkwithgovernmentinstitutions,UNDPalsoestablishedsub-officesinthreeregionsofthecountry:thefirst, inMountLebanon,toassistthedisplacedofthecivilwartoreturntosettleintheircommunitiesoforiginandhelpcreateopportunities for themtoresumetheir livesand livelihoods.ThesecondUNDPsub-officewasestablishedintheSouth,toassistinthesocio-economicre-habilitationanddevelopmentoftheareasliberatedin2000from22yearsofIsraelioccupation;thisassistanceincludedcapacitysupporttotheNationalDeminingOffice,MineAction,supporttoformerdetaineesandthewardisabled,regenerat-ingeconomicandemploymentopportunities,aswellascreatingopportunitiesforyouthandwomentoparticipatedirectlyintherevitalizationanddevelopmentoftheircommunities.AthirdUNDPsub-officewasestablishedinthelate1990’sinAkkar.Thiswasinlinewiththegrowingrecognitionthatregionaldisparitiesinsocio-economic indicators, particularly poverty indicators, were largely concen-tratedintheperipheralandperi-urbanareasofthecountryand,mostparticularlyinAkkar,asevidencedinaseminalUNDPstudyofunmetbasicneedswhichwasjointlyundertakenwiththeCentralAdministrationofStatisticsandtheMinistryofSocialAffairsin1996.Thestudycontributedtotheadoption,asanationalpolicypriority,thepromotionofbalanced development in all regions of Lebanon.

II. Context and Perspectives: UNDP in Lebanon


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UNDP’s thematic focusTheUNDPProgrammeinLebanoncomplementsnationaleffortsalongfourmainaxesofsupport:Good Governance, Pro-Poor and inclusive economic development, Energy and Environment,andEquitableSocial development.UNDP’ssupportispro-vided“upstream”atthelevelofpolicyandlegislativereforms(capacitybuilding,formulation,implementation,andknowledgetransfer)aswellasontheground,“downstream,”throughprojectsformulatedandimplementedwithlocalcommu-nities,civilsocietyorganizations,nationalNGOsandmunicipalities.Bythemid-1990’s,increasinglycentraltoUNDP’sapproachwasitsfocusonsustained human developmentastheoverarchingobjectiveandmeasureofoverallnationaldevel-opment, reinforced in 2000 by the adoption of the Millennium DevelopmentGoalsandtheirsubsequenttranslationintorelevantnationaldevelopmenttar-gets,primeamongthemthereductionofpovertyandregionaldisparities.

Capacity to respond to shifting challenges and prioritiesItwasUNDP’speople-centeredapproach,thestructuresofpartnershipsithades-tablishedattheupstreamanddownstreamlevels,anditsdirectpresenceontheground,whichenabledittoquicklyandeffectivelyrespondbothtotheunfold-inghumanitariancrisis immediatelyupontheoutbreakoftheJuly2006War,aswellastotheurgentneedsforearlyrecoveryinthewar’simmediateaftermath.Throughout,UNDPsimultaneouslyengagedineffortstoensureaseamlesstran-sitiontowardssustainedrecoveryandlonger-termdevelopment,inclusiveofas-sociatedpolicyandlegislativereformscorrespondingtothethematicpillarsonwhichUNDPfocusesitsassistance.

B.fastforwardtotheeveofthe“JulyWar”

The May-June 2005 parliamentary elections had delivered a Government com-mittedtoreformswhichwerespelledoutbroadlyinthenewGovernment’s“Pol-icyPlatform”(bayan el wizari)onthebasisofwhichitobtainedparliament’svoteofconfidence.Itsubsequentlysetouttodefinethemeasuresneededtoachieveelectoral,financial,socio-economicandothersectoralreforms.Amongtheresultsoftheseeffortswastheelaborationofamedium-termpackageoffiscalandeco-nomicreforms,accompaniedbyaSocialActionPlan,whichtheGovernmentin-tendedtopresenttoadonorsconferencetobeheldinBeirutbytheendof2006.

A Reform AgendaDuringthefirsthalfof2006,thegovernmenthadbeenintheprocessoffinalizingthemedium-termpackageoffiscalandeconomicreformsaimedatreducingtosustainable levels Lebanon’s untenably high sovereign debt and at placing theeconomy on a sustainable growth path. For the first time ever, this package ofreformsincludeda“SocialActionPlan”toprovidethepoorandvulnerablestrataofthepopulationwithimprovedcoverage,quality,andefficiencyofsocialprotec-tionandsafetynetschemes.

Commitment to Social Action and Social DevelopmentAnimportantcontributionbyUNDPinthisconnectionwastheinclusionintheSocialActionPlanofacommitmenttoelaborateacomprehensiveSocialDevel-opmentStrategywhichwouldextendbeyondsocial safety netstoencompassamulti-sectoralapproachtoreducingregionaldisparitiesinsocio-economicindi-cators,particularlypovertyindicators,andpromotingbalanced,inclusiveandeq-uitabledevelopment, framedbytherelevantnationaltargetsoftheMDGs.TheformulationofthisSocialDevelopmentStrategyenvisages,interalia,broadpar-ticipationbycivil societyand localcommunities, investmentsandemploymentcreationintheproductivesectorsoftheeconomyandbetterintegrationofthe

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historicallypoorperipheralregionsintothenationaleconomy,andstrengtheningdecentralizationefforts.

Engaging the Public in Debate over the Proposed Government ReformsTheGovernmenthadalsoinitiatedaprocessofengagingthepublicinadebateoftheproposedreformmeasures,inanefforttorefinethemandbuildbroadnation-alconsensusandsupportfortheirimplementationbeforepresentingthereformprogrammetoadonors’conferencetobeheldinBeirutbytheendof2006.UNDPhadhelpedfacilitateonesuchdebatebetweenthegovernmentandcivilsocietyorganizationsinApril2006.

Socio-economic trajectoryEconomictrendswerepointingtowardsaprojected6%growthratebytheendoftheyear,recuperatingfromazerogrowthratein2005;thecountrywasprepar-ingforaboomingsummertourismseason;andthepreliminaryresultsfromthe2004UNDP-supportedmutli-purposehouseholdsurveyindicatedthatLebanonhadregistereda9%declineinrelativepovertysince1996(from28%to19%)anda2%declineinextremepoverty(from7%to5%)whichwerelargelyattributableto improvements in the social dimensions of poverty, thus pointing to the stilloutstandingneedtoimprovetheeconomicdimensionsofpoverty,particularlyemploymentandincomes,whenwarbrokeouton12July2006.

AsIsraellaunchedafull-scalewaronLebanon,includingamilitaryblockadebyair,landandseawhichlastedweeksbeyondtheformalendofthewar,theGov-ernmentandpeopleofLebanonralliedtogetherinapalpabledisplayofnationalunity,solidarityandresilienceinresponsetotherapidlyunfoldinghumanitariancrisis.Communitiesintherelativelysaferregionsofthecountryboundtogethertoembraceandabsorbthe influxof tensof thousandsof familieswhoheadednorthwardstofleethebombardments,providingthedisplacedfamilieswithtem-porary shelter in schools and community centers or hosting them in their ownprivatehomesandsupplyingthemwithfoodandotherbasicprovisions.

TheGovernmentofLebanonimmediatelyrespondedwithanumberofmeasures,includingtheprovisionofreliefsuppliesfromexistinggovernmentstocks,orga-nizingthehumanitarianeffortandengagingtheinternationalcommunitytopro-videsupport.

AmongtheUnitedNationsagencies,funds,andprogrammesinLebanon,UNDP,UNICEF,WHO,UNFPAandUNHCR, joinedfivedays laterbyWFP,respondedim-mediatelybyreorientingtheirprogrammeprioritiesinlightoftheunfoldinghu-manitariancrisis,andinanticipationoftherecoveryneedsthatwouldneedtobemetaftertheconflict.

a.UNDP’sresponsetotheunfoldinghumanitariancrisis

AlthoughUNDPisnotahumanitarianrelieforganization,itwasabletorespondimmediatelytotheunfoldinghumanitariancrisisbecauseofthestructureofitspresenceinLebanon,withthreesub-officesintheSouth,MountLebanonandtheNorthanditsmainofficeinBeirut;itsongoingpartnershipswithgovernmentandlocalcommunitiesindevelopmentprogrammesandprojects;andthestoreofitsearlierexperienceintheperiodpriortoandfollowingtheTa’efAgreement.


III. Outbreak of war and the unfolding humanitarian crisis

Massive Destruction in Haret Hreik (Beirut Southern Suburb)

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Support to national humanitarian coordinationOnDayTwoof thewar,asLebanonwasbeingsubjected tomassivebombard-mentsofitscivilianinfrastructure,causinglarge-scalepopulationdisplacements;andasthecountrywasplacedunderamilitaryblockadebyair,landandsea,Gov-ernmentrequestedUNDPtoaddtothecapacityoftheHighReliefCommitteeinitseffortstoorganizeandcoordinatetheoverallhumanitarianresponse.

UNDP quickly co-located three of its Mine Action staff with the HRC and theyhelped it to devise a humanitarian operations information system by which toupdateandconsolidateonadailybasisthebasicdataneededtoeffectivelymeettheevolvinghumanitarianneeds.SuchbasicdataweresuppliedtotheHRCbythe relevant line ministries, CDR, municipalities, the Lebanese Red Cross. Dataincluded,forexample,originanddestinationofpopulationmovementsanddis-placements, numbers of displaced, the locations where they found refuge andshelterschools,communitycenters,hostfamilies,typeandamountofemergen-cyreliefsuppliesrequired,numberandlocationofciviliancasualties,damageanddestruction of transport and other civilian infrastructure (e.g. hospitals, powersupply,etc),numbersandlocationsofpeoplecutoffandinaccessibleasaresultofdestructionoftheroadnetwork.Thiscompilationofdatasupportedamoreef-fectivesupplychainandcoordinationofhumanitarianreliefgoodsandservicestomeethumanitarianneeds.

On the basis of this data management system, the HRC was able to produce aDailySituationReportwhichbecametheofficialsourceofinformationforiden-tifying humanitarian needs and for coordinating the relief effort to meet theseneeds.UNDPalsoprovidedaliaisontoact,whenneeded,asaconduitbetweentheHRCandtheUNhumanitarianagencies,includingforthepreparationoftheUNFlashAppeal

Linking UN humanitarian coordination to support national leadership and coordina-tion of the overall humanitarian responseBecauseofthelogisticschallengearisingfromthebombardmentsofLebanon’stransportinfrastructureandthemilitaryblockadeIsraelhadimposed,UNDPfa-cilitatedtheestablishmentbyWFPofafunctionalpresenceinLebanonto,interalia,carveout“humanitariancorridors”forthetransportofreliefsuppliestopopu-lationsinneedwithinLebanonand“safepassage”ofreliefsuppliesintoLebanon.WFPdeployedtoLebanonon17July.

OCHAfieldeda3-personteamon20July, topreparetheUNFlashAppeal,andUNDPalsofacilitatedtheestablishmentofitsoperationalpresence.Thepartici-patingUNagencieswereorganizedinto“Clusters”asfollows:health(ledbyWHO,withsupportfromUNICEFandUNFPA); food/nutrition(ledbyWFP),waterandsanitation(ledbyUNICEF),logistics(ledbyWFP),shelter(ledbyUNHCR),protec-tion/mineaction(ledbyUNMACC,incooperationwithUNDP).TheFlashAppealsoughtdonorfundingtomeetthereliefneeds(asdeterminedbyeachCluster)ofanestimated800,000peopleforaperiodof90days,includingfundingforOCHAcoordinationactivities.UNDPleda“RecoveryCluster”forwhichnofundingwasrequestedthroughtheUNFlashAppeal.

TheUNUnder-Secretary-GeneralforHumanitarianAffairs/EmergencyReliefCoor-dinator,Mr.JanEgland,plannedtolaunchtheUNFlashfromBeirutduringavisittoLebanonforthatpurpose.UndertheUNResidentCoordinatorSystem,UNDPplayedaleadroleintheorganizationofMr.Egland’svisittoLebanon.

Duringhisvisit, theUNFlashAppealandtheappendedUN logisticsplanwerepresentedbyMr.EglandtotheHighReliefCommitteewhichmetatCabinetlevel,

Massive destruction in Bint Jbeil (South Lebanon)

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chairedbythePrimeMinister.Asanaffirmationofnationalleadership,capacitiesandpride,followingtheCabinet’sendorsementoftheUNFlashAppealandlogis-ticsplan,thePrimeMinisterurgedthattheUNhumanitarianoperationnotextendbeyondtheplanned90days.

UNDP, from its own resources, participates in the provision of relief supplies Public and private schools, community centers, and individual families openedtheirdoorstoembraceandgivesheltertotheinfluxoftheinternallydisplacedfamilies fleeingthebombardmentsoftheir towns,villagesandneighborhoods.UNDPimmediatelycommittedfundingfromitsownresources,purchasedneed-edreliefitemsfromthelocalmarkets(cookingutensils,hygienekits,mattresses,andblankets)andarrangedfortheirtransportanddirectdistributiontothedis-placed families who had headed to Mount Lebanon and Beirut and were shel-teredinschoolsorpublicspaces.WiththeinfluxtoMountLebanonofinternallydisplacedfamiliesfromtheSouthandfromtheBeirutSouthernSuburbs,UNDP’ssub-officeinAley(Mt.Lebanon)waswellplacedtobedirectlyinvolvedinorga-nizingtheprocurement, transport,deliveryanddistributionof thesereliefsup-plies,inpartnershipwithcivilsocietyorganizations;itslocalknowledgeandthestoreofcredibilityUNDPenjoysasaresultofitslongstandingprogrammesintheChouf,contributedgreatlytoaneffectiveandquickresponse.

BythetimetheUNFlashAppealwaslaunchedfromBeirutbytheUNUnder-Sec-retary-GeneralforHumanitarianAffairson24July2006,UNDP,UNICEF,WHO,UN-FPA,UNHCRandWFPwerealreadycontributingtoandparticipatingintheoverallnationally-ledreliefeffort,alongwithGovernmentandcivilsocietyorganizations.Mr.EglandwasabletowitnessthisfirsthandduringhissitevisitswiththeUNRC/UNDPResidentRepresentativetotheheavilydestroyedsouthernsuburbofBeirut(Dahiyeh),apublichospitalinBeirutwherecivilianwarcasualtieswerebeingtreat-ed(whichtheWHORepresentativejoined);aprivateschoolinAchrafeya,Beirut,whichwasshelteringapproximately1000displacedpeopleandapublicgarden,alsoinBeirut,wherehundredsofdisplacedfamiliestookrefuge(whichtheUNICEFRepresentativejoined);andtoschoolsandcommunitycentersinAleyalsoshel-teringdisplacedfamilies,includingthesurvivorsoftheSrifamassacre(whichtheUNDPfieldbasedprojectmanagerandaUNHCRstaffmemberjoined).

Incoordination with its sub-office in Tyre (south Lebanon), theUNDPOffice inBeirutsimilarlyimmediatelymobilizedtopurchaseneededreliefitemsfromthelocalmarketandtohavethemreadytobetransportedonUNconvoysbeingor-ganized to head south, along with other relief stocks supplied by Government(e.g.,emergencymedicalsuppliesprovidedbytheMinistryofHealthtoWHOandwheatflourprovidedbytheMinistryofEconomyandTradetoWFP),orlocallypur-chasedbyotherUNagencies(UNICEF,UNFPA,WFP,UNHCR).

TheUNDPsub-officeinTyrewasthusalsosimilarlywellplacedtoassistthemu-nicipalitiesinthesouthtoplanforthereceiptandunloadingofthesereliefstocksandfortheironwarddeliveryanddistributiontonearbyvillages,manyofwhichwereundersiegeortheiraccessotherwisecutoffbecauseofbombdamagetotheroadnetworks.Inaddition,ithelpedOCHAtoestablishahumanitarianhubinthesouthwhich,giventheintensityofbombingsandthedestructionofcivilianpopulationcentersandtransport infrastructure they left in theirwake,becamemoreoperationalinthedeliveryanddistributionofreliefsuppliesonlyaftertheendofthewar.

In perspectiveTheUNhumanitarianeffortwasarelativelysmallpartoftheoverallhumanitarianresponse,thebulkofwhichwasLebaneseandfromtheArabregion.UNDP’scon-


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tributions,allofwhichwerefundedfromitsownresourcesandnonefromtheUNFlashAppeal,wererelativelymodest,buttimelyandanchoredinitslong-stand-ingpartnershipswithGovernmentandwiththebroadspectrumofcivilsocietyorganizations,localcommunitiesandmunicipalitieswhichactuallytooktheleadontheground,withstrongsupportfromtheLebaneseRedCross.Withthesetheprincipalactors,theUN’sIASCmodality,whichnormallyappliesandiseffectiveinotherhumanitariancontexts,provedlimitedinLebanon.

TheIASCmodalityassumesaformulaicrelianceonUN(ratherthannational)lead-ership of the humanitarian response, in collaboration with international NGOs(morethanwithnationalNGOsandCSOs)and“traditional”OECDdonorpartners.In the context of Lebanon, however, the“traditional” donors are the Arab GulfStates,theGovernmentishighlycapablealbeitconstrainedbytheimposedmili-tary blockade; and Lebanese civil society organizations and NGOs are vibrant,numerousandinordinatelyeffective.

WhilethehumanitariancrisisinLebanongarneredstrongnational,regionalandinternationalsupporttomeettheemergencyreliefneedsofthepeoplewhoweredisplacedorundersiege,theotherimportantdimensionsofhumanitarianactionandimperativesasgovernedbyinternationalhumanitarianandhumanrightslaw--particularly,theprotectionofcivilians,humanitarianaccess(e.g.forrescuingthewounded),andproportionalityintheconductofwar,wereseverelycompromisedand, inseveral instances, wereegregiouslyviolated.Extensiveandwidespreaddamagetothecountry’sciviliantransportinfrastructure,forexample,placedtheentirecivilianpopulationatriskandparticularlyinthepopulationcenterstarget-edbyIsrael.Suchdestructionalsomadeitnotonlydifficultandriskytodeliveranddistributereliefsuppliesbuttorescueandevacuateciviliancasualtiesoren-ablecivilianstomovesafelytorelativelymoresecureareas;eventheLebaneseRed Cross, which did a heroic job during the war, lost ambulances to Israeli airstrikesandfourUNTSO/UNIFILpersonnelwerekilledwhenIsraelbombedawell-markedUNObservationpostthathadbeenstandingsince1978.Underthemili-taryblockade,Israel’sseizurefromLebanesewatersoftwoshipsladenwithfuelneededtogenerateLebanon’spowersupply,threatenedtocreateaseriouselec-tricityandenergyshortageasthewarworeon,whichwouldhaveparalyzedtheentirecountryandbroughttoahaltallessentialservicestopreserveandsustainlife.Theoilspilland,inthefinal72hoursofthewar,thecontaminationbyUXOsoflargeswathesofland,haveindiscriminateandlonger-termrepercussionsonthelivesandlivelihoodsofordinarycivilianswellbeyondthewar’send.

ThestormingofUNHouseon30July2006,bydemonstratorsprotestingthemas-sacreofcivilians inQanaearlier thatsameday (thesecondQanamassacre inadecade),wasadisturbingsignalof anerosioninthecredibilityandperceptionof the UN as the embodiment of moral authority and international legitimacy;fornotwithstandingthegoodofficesoftheUNSecretary-Generalincallingforaceasefireandincondemningbreachesofinternationalhumanitarianandhumanrightslaw,theUNSecurityCouncilhaddoneneitheruptothatpointandwasthusviewedashavingabdicateditsprimaryresponsibilityforpreservingandpromot-inginternationalpeaceandsecurity.

B.Planningearlyforearlyrecovery

WiththeappointmentofaUNHumanitarianCoordinatoron2August2006,andconsistent with supporting national leadership of the post-war recovery effort,UNDPturneditsfocusonEarlyRecoveryplanning,togetherwithitsPolicyAdvi-soryUnits intherelevant lineministriesandintheOfficeofthePrimeMinister.

The first 10-truck UN convoy proceeded from Beirut to Tyre on 25 July 2006, one day after the launch of the UN Flash Appeal. As the last truck was being un-loaded, an aerial bombardment struck a building 300 meters away, causing the accompanying UN staff (including UNDP staff from the Tyre sub-office), truck driv-ers and other personnel to abandon the truck and take cover. Remaining on board the truck were cartons of medical supplies destined for a hospital in a near-by village which were to be delivered on a smaller truck. Despite the dangers in-volved, one of the UNDP staff from the sub-office in Tyre personally and coura-geously delivered the urgently needed cartons of medical supplies to the hospi-tal to which they were intended.

When a house in Houla sheltering anestimated 100 people was bombed,word quickly came through first to theUNDP sub-office inTyre which, in turn,relayedittoUNDP/Beirutthatthereweresurvivorsundertherubble.Inrealtime,UNDP/Beirut received and relayed thisinformationwhileonavideoconferencewith UN/New York at which UNIFIL/Naqourawasalsopresent. Asa result,allbut twoof thepeoplepinneddownundertherubblewererescuedalive.

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TheresultwasapackageoffiveQuickStartingandHighImpactearlyrecoveryprojectstobelaunchedsimultaneouslyassoonasthewarendedandtobeiniti-atedfromUNDP’sownresourcesuntilsuchtimethatadditionalresourcescanbemobilizedfromtheinternationaldonorcommunity.

ThisEarlyRecoverypackage,approvedbythePrimeMinisterpriortotheStock-holmdonorconference,consistedofthefollowingprojects:

1.SupporttoMunicipalitiesforRemovalofRubbleandDebris

2.InitialOilSpillClean-up(fromsurfacewater)

3.Restoringfishermen’slivelihoods

4.ReactivationofPublicAdministrationservices

5.SupportforNationalCoordinationofRecoveryEffortsestablishmentof(i)aReconstructionandRecoveryCellintheOfficeofthePrimeMinis-ter;(ii)aDevelopmentAssistanceDatabase;and(iii)amulti-donortrustfund,theLebanonRecoveryFund.

Furthermore,atthesub-nationalcoordinationlevel,UNDPsupportedtheUNRes-ident Coordinator (UNRC) in the planning for, and establishment of, four UNRCsub-offices,oneineachofthefourdifferentregionsofthecountry(South,North,BekaaandBeirutSouthernSuburbs)tofacilitateandpromotecoordinationofrecoveryeffortsontheground.

Inaddition,UNDPsetinmotionplansforundertakingwiththerelevantGovern-mentcounterpartsthefollowingpost-warassessments,lookingaheadtoaseam-lesstransitionbetweenEarlyandSustainedRecoveryaswellasequityandbal-anceacrosstheregionsandpopulationgroupsmostaffected,directlyand/orin-directly,bythewar:

i. Rapid Assessment of Environmental Damage to “green” reconstruction and recovery (with Ministry of Environment)

ii. Sub-sample survey of the 2004 multi-purpose household survey (with MOSA and CAS)

iii. Sub-sample survey of the 2004 small and medium enterprises (with CRI and ILO)

Atthelocallevel,UNDPsupportedthewar-affectedmunicipalitiestoundertakeparticipatorycommunity-baseddamageandneedsassessmentsonthebasisofwhich they elaborated prioritized recovery plans, thus also strengthening localplanningandresourcemobilizationcapacities.


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TheGovernmentofLebanonhasassessedtheimpactofIsrael’swaronLebanon,andcalculateditsdirectandindirectcosts.Abriefrecapitulationunderscoresthescaleofdestructionandthemagnitudeofthechallengeofbuildingbackbetter,both of which require the contributions and participation of all – Government,CivilSociety,PrivateSector,UNagencies,andtheregionalandinternationaldonorcommunity.

The human tollThewarresultedinextensivelossof lifeandlivelihoods,massivedamagetoci-vilianinfrastructure,populationcenters,andthenaturalenvironment, bringingtoanabrupthalttheupwardeconomicandsocial trajectorythatLebanonhadembarkeduponinthefirsthalfof2006.ThehumantollofIsraelibombardmentswashuge:overonemillionpersons(aquarterofthepopulationinLebanon)weredisplaced; 1,200 persons, mostly civilians, one-third of them children, lost theirlives;5,000peoplewereinjured,manypermanently;morethan500,000peoplelosttheirhomes;andseveralthousands losttheir jobsorsourcesof livelihoodsacrossallsectorsofeconomicactivity:agriculture,industry,services.Anestimated100,000people,mainlyyouth,emigrated.

TheareasofLebanonthatsufferedthemostprolongedattacksandhenceborethebruntofboththedirectandindirectimpactofthewar–namely,SouthLeba-non,theSouthernSuburbofBeirut,andtheBekaa--arealsohistoricallyamongthemostdeprived.WhilethenorthofLebanonwassubjectedtorelativelylessdirectphysicaldestruction,itistheareaofLebanonwherethehighestincidenceof poverty is concentrated -- particularly Akkar, Minieh, Dinniyeh – and, hence,suffers the adverse indirect impact of the war on the economy, particularly oninvestments,employmentandincomes.AlltheimpoverishedareasofLebanon,whichborethebruntofthewar’sdirectand/orindirectimpact,areintegraltoUN-DP’srecoveryassistancestrategywhichseeks,interalia,nottofurtherexacerbatepre-existingregionaldisparitiesnortocreatenewdisparities.

Hence, with a view to ensuring that regional disparities are not further exacer-bated,widenedorskewed,UNDP’sapproachtopost-warrecoveryistofocusonrestoringlivesandlivelihoodsinthefourareas,equitably:South,Bekaa,SouthernSuburbsofBeirutandthenorth,takingintoaccountthedirectandindirectim-pactofthewarintheseregions.

The toll on civilian infrastructure and related servicesDamagetocivilianinfrastructurewasextensive:125,000housingunits,612pub-licschoolsand80privateschools,97bridges,16hospitalsand65outpatientclin-ics,850commercialenterprisesinthemanufacturingandservicesectors,151seg-mentsoftheroadnetwork,anddamagetothreeairports,includingtheinterna-tionalairportinBeirut.Thecostofreconstructionwasestimatedbythegovern-menttobeintheorderofUS$2.8billion.

The toll on economic activityTheeconomicimpactofthewarwasalsoimmediateandsevereinallsectors,espe-ciallyforaneconomyinwhichtheserviceindustrygenerates75%ofGDP.Theex-pectedspiketo6%intheprojectedGDPgrowthratefor2006wasreversed,declin-ingby11-pointsto-5%.Unemploymentdoubled,andstandsinexcessof20%.

Althoughtourismconstitutesonly12%ofGDP,itcontinuestobeakeyeconomicsectorwithaspillovereffect toothereconomicsectors, including financial ser-vicesandbanking,constructionandrealestateandrelatedlong-termlarge-scaleinfrastructural investments, as well as transport. Instead of benefiting from an

IV. The War’s Impact

Bint Jbeil Market Place (South Lebanon)

Destroyed Boats in Ouzai Harbor(Beirut)

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estimated$5bnprofitin2006withsoaringtourism,theindustrylostanestimated$3bn,includingopportunitycosts.Thoughslightlyoffsetbyaproductivefirsthalfof2006,120thousandpeople(25%oftheindustry)losttheirjobsandnowfacetheriskofslidingintopoverty.

Thetwo-monthIsraelimilitaryblockadebyair,landandseadepletednationalrev-enueswhichthegovernmentnormallywouldhaveearnedthroughtrade,tariffsandcustoms.

The toll on the environmentTheenvironmentalimpactofthewarwasalsosevere.ThebombingoftheJiyyehpowerplantcreatedanenvironmentaldisasterwithshortandlonger-termconse-quencesonlivesandlivelihoodsinvarioussectorsoftheeconomy,when15,000tonsofoilspilledintotheseaandalongthecoast,andas20,000tonsofburningfueloveraperiodof20daysrenderedtheatmospheretoxic.

Thedestructionofbuildingsandotherconcretestructuresproducednearly3mil-lioncubicmetersofrubbleandotherdemolitionwaste.

UXOs prolong the toll on lives and livelihoodsAnestimated4millionclusterbombsweredroppedinSouthLebanon,thebulkofthemaftertheSecurityCouncilhadadoptedaresolutionon11Auguststipulat-ingthattheendofhostilitieswilltakeeffecton14August.Morethanonemillionoftheseclustersubmunitionsdidnotexplodeandtheseunexplodedordnances(UXOs)arestrewnoveranexpanseof34millionsquaremetersofland.Thisex-panseencompassesvasttractsoflandthathadalreadybeenclearedoftheland-minesIsraelhadplantedinearlierwarsandduringitsoccupationofsouthLeba-nonandwhichnowhavebeenrecontaminatedwiththeUXOs. Thenumberofvictimsoftheseandotherunexplodedordnances,totalingover31killedand248injuredoneyearlater,ismorethantheprevious6yearscombined.

BesidescasualtiesofUXOs,thousandsoffarmershavebeendeprivedofaccesstotheirsourcesoflivelihoodsaslargeswathesofagriculturallandshavebeencontaminated.

On14August2006,andwithinsecondsof thedeclaredendofhostilitiescom-ingintoeffect,tensofthousandsofthewar-displacedfamiliesstreamedback,enmasse,totheirhomevillages,townsandneighborhoods,navigatingalongdam-agedroadsanddetouringarounddestroyedbridgeswithapalpablespiritofre-silienceanddetermination.

That same day, the Reconstruction and Recovery Cell, established in the OfficeofthePrimeMinisterwithsupportfromUNDP,becamefunctionalandsetouttoelaboratethepriorityrequirementsforEarlyRecovery,inpreparationforaninter-nationaldonorconferencewhichSweden’sPrimeMinisterhadofferedtoconveneinStockholm,underhispatronage,on31August--orjustovertwoweeksfromtheendofthewar.UNDPdedicateditsstafftoworkwiththeReconstructionandRe-coveryCellontheelaborationofthedocumenttobepresentedtotheStockholmConference,onthebasisofthepreliminarydamageandneedsassessmentsun-dertakenbyvariouslineministriesandCDR.Additionalassessmentsofrecovery

V. On the day the war ended, Lebanon rebounds

Oil Spill in Ras Al Saadiyat (Before

Oil Spill Clean up in Ras Al Saadiyat (After)

Unexploded Ordinances in South Lebanon

IV. The War’s Impact

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needsgeneratedfromthesector-workinggroupsundertheUNDP-ledRecoveryClusterwerealso incorporated, includinginputsfromthoseUNagencieswhichhadbeencompelledtoevacuateduringthewar.

Thatsamedayaswell,JihadAlBinaannouncedahousingindemnityconsistingofone-year’s rentand furnishings forpeoplewhono longerhadhomes togobackto.

Within days thereafter, UNDP launched the implementation of its package ofQuickStarting/HighImpactEarlyRecoveryprojects,whichithaddevelopeddur-ingthewar,inpartnershipwiththerelevantlineministriesandmunicipalities,andendorsedbythePrimeMinister,priortotheStockholmconference.

Withinanintervalofaweek,visiblesignsofLebanon’sreboundingwereevidenteverywhereandatafarmoreacceleratedpacethaninanyothercountrywhichhasexperiencedanequivalent or even lesser magnitudeofdestructionas thatwhichLebanonhadwithstoodduringtheJulyWar.

Withtheoverarchingobjectiveofrestoringthelivesandlivelihoodsofthepeoplemostaffectedbytheimpactofthewar,UNDPsetinmotionaseamlessprocesstorespondimmediatelytothemosturgentEarlyRecoveryprioritieswhilesimul-taneouslyhelpingtostrengthentheconditionsforSustainedRecovery,focusingfirst on the most devastated regions (South and Dahya) and extending subse-quentlytotheBekaaandNorthLebanon.

a.earlyrecovery

UNDP launched itsQuickStarting/High ImpactEarlyRecoveryprojects from itsownresources.Progressively,asdonorresourcesweremobilizedUNDPwasabletoexpanditsEarlyRecoveryactivitiesandcoverage.Similarly,asother,largerac-torsjoinedinrecoveryactivities–whetherthepublicsector,privatesectororbi-lateraldonors--UNDPwasabletoshiftorconcentrateitsfocusinareasstillnotcoveredorwheregapsexisted,thusavoidingduplication. Consistentwithits“upstream”and“downstream”tracks,UNDPembarkedonbothtrackssimultane-ously,asfollows:

On the ground, with the peopleAs indicated above, UNDP has had a presence on the ground with the peoplesince the early 1990’s in Aley (Mount Lebanon), Tyre (South Lebanon) and Ak-kar(North),whichenabledittoparticipatedirectlyandimmediatelyintheprovi-sionofreliefsupplies.FollowingtheJulyWar,UNDPestablishedthreeadditionalsub-officesinChtaureh,fortheBekaa’,inthemunicipalityofHaretHreik,fortheDahya,andinTripoli,fortheNorth,inadditiontoAkkar.WiththeestablishmentofUNResidentCoordinatorRecovery“hubs”atsub-nationallevel(inTyre,TripoliandChtaureh), fundedbyECHO,SIDAandOCHA, theseUNDPsub-officesalsosupportand/orleadtheoverallcoordinationandcoherenceofrecoveryefforts,providingaplatformsharedbynationalandinternationalNGOs,civilsocietyor-ganizations,municipalauthoritiesanddecentralizedministriesaswellasdonors.IntheTyre“RecoveryHub,”UNIFILCivilAffairsalsoparticipateinthegeneralcoor-dinationmeetings,whichareheldbi-weekly.

VI. Restoring Lives and Livelihoods in the War’s Aftermath

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(i) Rubble removal and restoration of Municipal Services and UtilitiesThisquickstarting/highimpactearlyrecoveryprojectconcentratedonrestoringthecapacityofcash-strappedlocalmunicipalitiestoprovideanumberofcriticalservicesimmediatelyafterthewar.Withinaweekfollowingtheendofthewar,UNDPinitiallyprovidedfromitsownresources$800,000incashgrants,rangingfrom$25,000to$2000,to101municipalitiesinSouthLebanon,allocatingtoeachinproportiontotheextentofwardamageanddestructionintheircommunities;and$200,000tothefourmunicipalitiesintheSouthernSuburbsofBeirut.Rapid and participatory damage/needs assessment in the war-affected villagesofSouthLebanonwereanalyzedandfedintoaDamageAssessmentDatabase;theseformedthebasisforthedevelopmentofindividualworkplansforeachoftheaffectedvillages.

The cash grants enabled the municipalities to immediately procure the equip-mentandmaterialsneededtoclearinternalroadsfromtheaccumulatedrubbleanddebris,repairpotholesandsectionsofroads,restorestreetlights,rehabilitatestormwaterconduits,sewagesystemsandopendrainagecanals,aswellaspublicbuildings,nurseriesandpublicmarkets.

ThemunicipalitiesconsideredtheUNDPearlyrecoveryinitiativesasamajorfac-torforrestoringcriticalpublicservicesandutilitiestofacilitatetheresumptionofthelivesandlivelihoodsofthethousandsofthedisplacedwhohadfloodedbacktotheirhomevillages, towns andneighborhoods. UNDPwasabletoprogres-sivelyexpandthecoverageandscopeofitsearlyrecoveryactivitiestomorethan200villagesinSouthLebanon.

IntheSouthernSuburbsofBeirut,HaretHreik,BorjAlBarajneh,ChiahandGho-beirywerethefourmostwar-affectedmunicipalities. Afewdaysfollowingthecessationofhostilities,ameetingwasheldwiththemayorsofthesemunicipali-ties,afterwhichearly recoveryplansweredevelopedandprioritized,andworkcommenced immediately on clearing the tons of rubble and debris from sidestreetswiththeneededmachineryandequipment,complementingthelargeref-forts on the main roads undertaken by the Ministry of PublicWorks andTrans-port. Alongside rubble removal, other small-scale activities included repair ofneighborhoodsidestreetsandpublicbuildings,restorationofbasicutilitiesandservices includingrepairofstreet lightsandcleanupofsectionsofthesewagesystems and storm water conduits. Additional support for rubble removal andprocessingwasprovidedtothemunicipalitiesofHaretHreik,ChiahandBorjBara-jneh,asneedscontinuedtobeidentified.

WithgenerouscontributionsfromtheSwedishInternationalDevelopmentAgen-cy(SIDA),ECHO,Japan,Brazil,Australia,Italy,andtheCatalanAgencyamountingtoUSD7million,,UNDPwasabletoquicklyexpanditscoverageto216municipali-tiesinSouthLebanonthroughthiscomponentofitsQuickStarting/HighImpactEarlyRecoverypackageofprojects,expandactivities in the4municipalities intheBeirutSouthernSuburbsand,subsequently,extend itsearly recoveryassis-tanceto40municipalitiesintheBekaawhereUNDPsupportedtherestorationofmunicipallighting,therehabilitationofdamagedbridges,thereconstructionofasmallbridgere-linkingthreevillages,repairofsectionsofroads,irrigationcanals,stormwaterconduitsandmarketstalls,andtheprocurementofgeneratorsandmachinerytothestrengthentheabilityofthemunicipalitiestoincreasetheirre-sponsivenesstolocalrecoveryneeds.

AdditionaldonorcontributionshavebeencommittedtoUNDPtobuilduponandsustainrecoveryinthesewar-devastatedareas,includingfromSpain,France,Bel-gium,Austria,CanadaandGreece.

Rubble Removal on Qana (South Lebanon

Rubble Removal on Moawad Street (Beirut Southern Suburb)

Rubble Removal on Moawad Street (Beirut Southern Suburb)


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(ii) Cleaning of the Oil SpillThedestructionoftwofuelstoragetanksattheJiyyehPowerPlant,locatedsouthofBeirut,ledtothespillingof15,000tonsoffueloilalong100kilometresoftheLebanesecoastline,causingoneoftheworstenvironmentaldisastersthatLeba-nonandtheeasternbasinoftheMediterraneanSeahaveeverexperienced.Thepotentiallong-termconsequencesrelatingtohumanhealth,biodiversity,thefish-eriesindustryandtourismwereimmediatelyobvious,andacorrespondingandcommensurateresponsewasrequiredimmediatelyupontheendofthewar.Ac-cordingly,UNDPmobilisedthenecessaryadditional technicalexpertiseandre-sourcestoassisttheMinistryofEnvironment(MoE)indealingwiththiscatastro-phe,includingfacilitatingthetransferofequipmentdonatedbyNorwayduringthewar.UNDPwasalsoassignedacoordinationroleonthecommitteeformedbytheMoEtoformulateandmanagetheresponsetotheoilspill.

An impactassessmentof thevariouspollutedareasbytheMinistryofEnviron-ment,alongwithateamofinternationalexperts,determinedalistofpriorityar-easforcleanup.Thesiteswereprioritizedbytheireconomicandenvironmentalvalue,andalsoonthebasisoftherisktheyposedforcontaminatingthecoastlinenorthofthedirectlydamagedarea.

Asaninitialresponse,UNDPcommencedwiththeclean-upofthefloatingoilinDalyehHarbourinBeirut,sincethefloatingoilboththreatenedcontaminationoftherockycoastlineandwasalsoimpedinglocalfishermeninDalyehWharffromaccessingthesea–theirmainsourceoflivelihood.Between30–40tonsofliquidfloatingoilwasremoved.Inparallel,$2.3mweresubsequentlymobilizedandal-locatedtotheoilspillcleanupoperation,ofwhich$1millionisalreadydisbursed,withcompletionexpectedattheendof2007.

UNDP’sselectionofthenextthreesitesofinterventionwasalsobasedonMoE’sprioritizationcriteria:severecontamination(withinthevicinityoftheJiyyehpow-erplant);detrimentaleffecton livelihoods(tourismandfisheries),andthegeo-graphicinterestofotherkeydonors.

Followingan international bid to procure theservicesofaqualifiedoil spill re-sponsecompany,clean-upoperations inthethreesiteswerecompletedwithahigh levelof technicalqualityby theendofFebruary2007.Nearly4kmof thecoastlinewerecleanedthroughthisoperation.Moreoilspillclean-upoperationsareexpectedsincesomeareasalongthecoast remainheavilypolluted. UNDPwasgenerouslyfundedintheseeffortsbyJapan,CIDA,OPEC/OCHA,andMonaco,ontopoftheinitialdirectfundingforstart-upfromUNDP’sownresources(intheamountof$200,000).

OncetheMoEhadidentifiedtheappropriatetemporarystoragesitefortheoilspillclean-upwastescollectedbythedifferentpartiesworkinginthisfield,UNDPproceededtotransportthewastecollectedfromitsoperationsinaccordancewiththehigheststandardsofinternationalhazardouswastetransportationandhan-dlingprocedures.

(iii) Restoring Fishermen’s LivelihoodsThe oil spill from Israel’s bombing of the Jiyyeh power plant and Israel’s navalblockadeandbombingoftheOuzaiportweredevastatingtothefisheriessec-tor.Anestimated3,500fishermenandtheirfamilies(inordinarytimesamongthepoorestgroups)losttheironlysourceofincomeasaresult.

For the Fishermen’s Associations in Lebanon to repair damaged boats, providefishingnetsandenginestothefishermen,andrebuildthefishmarketinOuzai,

Oil Spill Clean Up in Dalyeh Harbour (Beirut)

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UNDPallocatedUSD200,000fromitsownresourcesandmobilizedUSD1mfromCIDAforthisproject.ThereconstructionofthedestroyedfishmarketinOuzaiwascompleted by November 2006. A detailed door-to-door needs assessment foreachfishermen’scooperativewasalsocompleted,coveringallfishermen’swharfs(fromNaqouratoAbdeh)inordertoaccuratelyidentifytheirpriorityneedsandtoavoidduplicationofassistancefromothermajordonors,suchastheUAE.UNDPcontributedtotheseeffortsfromitsownresourceswithageneroussupplemen-tarycontributionbyCIDA.Basedonthisdetailedneedsassessment,andwiththesupportofCIDAfunds,UNDP is in theprocessofprocuringtheneededfishingequipmentsuchasnetsandfishingrodstobedistributedtoallofthe31fisher-men’scooperativesacrossLebanon.

WhileUNDPinitiallyfocusedonfishermenbecausetheywereamongthepoorestoccupationalgroupswhoselivelihoodsweredevastatedbyboththeoilspillanddirectdestructionoftheirmaineconomicassets,ithassinceextendeditsfocustootheroccupationalcategoriesundertheoverallobjectiveof restoring livesandlivelihoods,whichUNDPconsidersasthemeasureofsustainedrecovery.

(iv) Reactivation of key public administration operationsArapidassessmentofkeypublicadministrationinstitutionsshowedthattheop-erationsofmanygovernmentagencieswereconstrainedbecauseofdamagetopublicbuildingsandbasicequipment.Theseinclude,amongothers,theMinistryofDisplaced,thePublicCorporationforHousing,SouthWaterAuthorityandUr-banPlanning.TheOfficeoftheMinistryofStateforAdministrativeReform(OM-SAR)conductedaneedsassessmentinSeptember2006which,withUNDPsup-port,resultedintheprovisionofreplacementcomputerandotherITequipmenttoenablethereactivationofpublicadministrationservices.AllequipmentswerefullyoperationalbyMarch2007.

(v) Supporting national leadership and coordination of Early RecoveryWiththeclearreaffirmationbyGovernmentofnational leadershipofLebanon’srecovery,thefifthofUNDP’spackageofQuickStarting/HighImpactearlyrecoveryprojectsconsistedofdirectsupporttosuchnationalleadershipandcoordinationofoverallEarlyRecoveryefforts. ItscomponentsincludedtheestablishmentofacoordinationmechanismforearlyrecoveryintheOfficeofthePrimeMinister,thereconstructionandrecoverycell(whichbecamefunctionalon14August);theestablishmentofasupportingdatamanagementsystem,theDevelopmentassistanceDatabase (followingtheStockholmConference) in theReconstruc-tionandRecoveryCell;andtheestablishmentofamulti-donortrustfundasanadditionaloptionthroughwhichinteresteddonorsmightwhichtochanneltheircontributionstowardsLebanon’srecovery,theLebanonrecoveryfund(towardstheendof2006).

recoveryandreconstructioncellintheOfficeofthePrimeMinister.WiththeofferbythePrimeMinisterofSwedentohostaninternationaldonorconferenceinStockholmon31August2006,tomarshalsupportforLebanon’searlyrecoveryandanyresidualhumanitarianneeds,thefirsttaskoftheR&RCellwasthepreparationofaprioritizednationalEarlyRecoveryprogrammethattheGovernmentwouldpresenttotheStockholmdonorConference.TheEarlyRecoverysectorworkinggroupsthatUNDPhadorganizedduringthewar,incollaborationwithsisterUNagenciesandledbytherelevantlineministry,constitutedacorecadreofsupportfor Government’s preparations for the Stockholm Conference.Their joint needsassessmentsandrecommendations,combinedwiththegovernment’searlydam-ageassessments,formedthebasisforthenationaldocumentthatwaspresentedbythegovernmentinStockholm.Towardsthisend,UNDPalsodeployedandco-locateditsstafftoassisttheR&RCelltocoordinatetheinputsandhelpconsolidate

Restoring Fishermen’s Livelihoods in Ouzai Harbor (Beirut)


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theGovernment’ssubmissionofEarlyRecoveryprioritieswhichitwouldpresentattheconference.UNDPfullyfundedtheestablishmentoftheR&RcellandthedevelopmentandtheimplementationoftheDevelopmentAssistanceDatabasewithatotalcontributionof$1m.

WithnationalleadershipfordonorcoordinationvestedintheMinistryofFinance,theR&RCellcoordinatedtheprioritizationofrecoveryprogrammes(otherthanthemajorinfrastructuralprojectsfallingundertheaegisoftheCouncilforDevel-opmentandReconstruction)andtheallocationoftheneededresourcestoimple-mentthem.

The Stockholm ConferenceApproximatelytwoweeksaftertheendofthewar,on31August,thePrimeMin-isterofSwedenhostedtheStockholmConferenceforLebanon’sEarlyRecovery.TheGovernmentofLebanonpresenteditsmosturgentEarlyRecoverypriorities–chiefamongthemhousing--andresidualhumanitarianneedstothisdonors’conference,settingaceilingof$535millionuntilsuchtimethatmore in-depthassessmentscanbecarriedouttoadjustitspre-warreformprogrammetopost-warrealities. EarlyRecoveryprioritieswereidentifiedacross11sectors,namelydisplacementandshelter,minesandunexplodedordnance,infrastructure,waterand sanitation, health, education, environment, employment, agricultural pro-duction,industrialproduction,andassistancetothePalestinianrefugeecamps.

ResourcescommittedatStockholmweretobeflexibleinnatureandquicklydis-bursed.Towardsthisend,theGovernmentofLebanonprovidedflexiblemecha-nismsfordonorstochanneltheirpledges,includingdirect“adoption”ofvillages,schools,bridgesandothercivilianinfrastructuretoreconstructorrehabilitate.

Theconferencegatheredover50representativesofgovernments,UNagencies,theEuropeanCommission,theArabandInternationalFinancialInstitutions,andotheraidorganizations.TheconferenceexceededtheexpectationsoftheGov-ernmentofLebanon,yieldingapproximatelyUS$900millioninpledges,ornearlytwicethetargettheGovernmenthadsetforitself.Addingpreviouspledgesandcommitmentsforlonger-termreconstructionprojects,US$1.8billionwaspledgedtobolsterLebanon’searlyrecoveryeffortsinthetransitiontowardsmedium-termreconstruction,recoveryandreform.

A Development assistance Database (DaD) was established by the Govern-ment of Lebanon with assistance from UNDP, as a comprehensive informationsystemmanagedbytheRecoveryandReconstructionCelltotrackallocationstoandprogressinEarlyRecoveryactivities,whichisdirectlyaccessibleonline.TheDADaimsatstrengtheningaidcoordinationandharmonizationthroughtrackingprogressonresourceallocationsto,andprogrammeimplementationof,recoveryassistance.(http://www.dadlebanon.org.)

ComplementingtheDAD,theMinistryofFinance,whichleadsoveralldonorcoor-dination,isestablishingadatamanagementsystemwithsupportfromtheWorldBank.Thissystemwillcaptureinformationatthetransactionallevelandmonitorfinancialflowsfromboththenationalbudgetandexternalresources.Bothsys-temsareexpectedtobesubsequentlyintegrated.

Post-WarNeedsassessmentsforrestoringLivesandLivelihoods

Withtheresumptionofthepre-warplantoconveneaninternationaldonorcon-ferencetohelpLebanonsurmountitsuntenablepublicdebtandplaceitonasus-

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tainablegrowthpath,theGovernmentembarkedonmakingneededadjustmentstoitsmedium-termprogrammeoffiscal,economicandsocialreformsinthelightofthefindingsfromthein-depthassessmentsthatwereundertakenofthewar’sdirectandindirectimpact.Someofthesepost-warassessmentswereundertak-en incollaborationwiththeWorldBankand, inspecificsectors, inconsultationwiththeUNagenciesparticipatinginthevarioussectorworkinggroupswithintheUNDP-led“RestorationofLivesandLivelihoods”RecoveryCluster.OtherswerecarriedoutincollaborationwiththeEU.

Shortly after the end of the war, UNDP undertook three post-war assessments,withfinancingfromtheSwedishInternationalDevelopmentAgency(SIDA)andfromUNDP’sownresourcestohelpshapeitsrecoverystrategyaimingtorestorelivesandlivelihoods:

• Rapid Environmental Assessment for Greening, Recovery, Reconstruction and Reform: 2006InclosecollaborationwiththeMinistryofEnvironment(MoE),UNDPconducteda rapid yet highly comprehensive environmental impact assessment in twelvesub-sectorsandformulatedcorrespondingActionPlansto“green”recoveryandreconstruction. The rapid environmental assessment commenced immediatelyuponthecessationofhostilitiesandthereportwaspublishedanddisseminatedinDecember2006.

• Comparative Household SurveyUNDP,incollaborationwiththeCentralAdministrationofStatistics(CAS)andtheMinistry of Social Affairs, had undertaken a national multi-purpose socio-eco-nomicsurveyof14,000householdsin2004,withaviewtodeterminingthegeo-graphicdistributionofpovertyanddeprivationatthemohafzalevel.WiththesesamepartnersandincooperationwiththeILO,asub-sampleoftheMulti-PurposeHousehold Survey (MPHS) was used to compare the socio-economic data afterthewarwiththe2004baseline.Thepost-warsurveyresultsarecurrentlybeinganalyzedandthereport isexpectedtobepublished inSeptember2007,alongwithadeterminationofthepovertylineandapovertyassessmentbasedontheexpendituredatafromthe2004HouseholdSurvey.ThesesurveyresultswillbeusedtohelprefineandimplementtheGovernment’sSocialActionPlanaswellascontributetotheelaborationofalonger-termnationalSocialDevelopmentStrat-egytobringaboutasustainedreductionofpovertyandregionaldisparities.

• Comparative survey of War’s impact on small and micro-enterprisesTheCentreforInternationalResearchinLebanon(CRI)hadcarriedoutasurveyofmediumandsmall-scaleenterprisesin2004,withaviewtoimprovingtheregula-toryframeworkandperformanceofthissignificantsectoroftheLebaneseecon-omy.Withsmallandmicro-enterprisesaccountingforamajorshareofemploy-mentandhouseholdincomeforthepoorerstrataaffectedbythewar,UNDPinpartnershipwithCRIandtheILOundertookasub-samplesurveyoftheoriginal2004study,focusingonthewar’simpactonSmallandMicro-Enterprises.There-porthasbeencompletedandisexpectedtobelaunchedinSeptember2007.

• Local recovery needs assessmentsUNDPissupportingmunicipalitiestoundertakeparticipatoryneedsanddamageassessmentsandstrengtheningtheircapacitytodevelopcorrespondinglocalre-coveryplans inmorethan200war-affectedcommunities insouthernLebanon,theBeirutSouthernSuburbs,andtheBekaa. UNDP’sassistancehasfacilitatedgreateraccessbythemunicipalitiesandcommunitiestoleverageadditionalre-sourcesdirectlyfromdonorsandtotapintoothersourcesofdonorfundingandprogrammes,improvetheircoordinationofandtheinter-linkagesamongrecov-


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eryactivitiesatthelocallevelwhicharefundedfromvariousdonorsandpartners,and maximize the prospects for sustained recovery and development. In turn,UNDPisabletosimultaneouslyremainflexibleandresponsivetounfulfilledlocalrecoveryneedswheregapsexist,consolidatetheresultsofitsearlyrecoveryas-sistanceandbuilduponthemtowardssustainedrecovery,andprogressivelyex-panditscoverageofwar-affectedlocalcommunitiesassoonasadditionaldonorresourcesaremobilized.

Sub-national Coordination: UNRC sub-officesFourUNRCsub-officeswereestablished,shortlyafterthewar’send,tofacilitatecoordination of early and sustained recovery efforts on the ground, with initialfundingfromOCHA’sresidualhumanitariancoordinationresources,aswellasad-ditionalsubsequentcontributionsfromECHOandSIDA.TheseUNRCsub-offices,underUNDPleadershipandwithitssupport,wereestablishedinTyre,forSouthLebanon;HaretHreikintheBeirutsouthernsuburb;Chtaureh,fortheBekaa;andTripoli,forNorthLebanon.UNDPleadsregularbi-weeklygeneralandinter-sec-toralcoordinationmeetingsengagingallrecoveryactorsontheground:civilso-cietyorganizations,municipalauthorities,national,localandinternationalNGOs,andUNagencies.InSouthLebanon,UNIFILCivilAffairsparticipatesinthesecoor-dinationmeetingsconvenedintheUNRCTyresub-office,andoftentimesitssmall-scalequickimpactprojectsareplannedtocomplementortobeundertakencol-laborativelywithUNagencies,includingUNDP.ManyofthesisterUNagenciesareco-locatedintheTyreUNRCsub-officeand,dependingonagencymandates,eachoftheagenciesleadsthecorrespondingsectorworkinggroupandcoordi-natestheplanningandimplementationofactivitiesinthatsector,incollaborationwithlocalauthority,NGO,CSOandotherpartners.

Lebanon Recovery Fund (LRF)TheimpactoftheJulyWaronLebanongeneratedbroadinternationalinterestinhelpingthecountrytorecoverfromthedevastation.Amongthemanycountrieswhichpledgedtheirassistanceat theStockholmconference,severalwere first-timedonorstoLebanonbut familiarwithUNsystemsofaccountability. Tofa-cilitatethechannelingandprogrammingofthefundstheypledged,theGovern-

Project Title Budget

TABLE X: Lebanon Recovery FundProjects approved as at June 2007

US$ 2,732,240

US$ 470,000

US$ 3,000,000

US$ 1,370,670

US$ 1,900,000

US$ 1,183,108

US$ 767,226

US$ 820,000

CommunityEnergyefficiencyandRenewableEnergyDemonstrationprojectforRecoveryofLebanon

Post-war social recovery and enhanced delivery services to thedisabled

Support for livelihoods and Economic recovery in War-AffectedAreasofLebanon

EmergencyAssistancefortheRecoveryofsmallholderhorticulture

EmergencyAssistancetowaraffectedresource-poor livestockkeepersinsouthernLebanon

SocialEquitythroughlocalsocio-economicrecoveryofwar-affectedareasofSouthLebanon

Building of Human Resources for Digital Documentation ofWorldheritageSitesaffectedbythewar

ITCapacityDevelopmentforEducationalReform

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mentprovidedtheadditionaloptionofapooledfundingmechanism–namely,aUNDGmulti-donortrust fund–designatedtheLebanonRecoveryFund(LRF)–whichitestablishedinDecember2006.

TheLRFisadministeredbyUNDPandmanagedbyaSteeringCommitteechairedbytheMinisterofEconomyandTrade,withrepresentativesfromfivedonorcoun-tries:Sweden,Spain,theEuropeanUnion,theUnitedArabEmiratesandKuwait,arepresentativeoftheMinistryofFinance,theHeadoftheRecoveryandRecon-structionCell(RRC)intheOfficeofthePrimeMinister,andtheUnitedNationsRes-identCoordinator.DonorswhichhavecontributedtotheLRFthusfarare:Sweden($10million),Spain(25millionEuroovera3-yearperiodfor2006through2008),andRomania($.5million).

ByJune,2007,theLRFhadreceivedatotalofUS$31millionwhicharebeingdis-bursed in accordance with the recovery priorities for restoring lives and liveli-hoodswhichtheGovernmenthadidentifiedinitssubmissiontotheStockholmConference.

B.Sustainingrecovery

There are four inter-related guiding principles governing UNDP’s efforts to sus-tain recovery: focusingonthepoorerstrataandensuringregionalbalanceandequityamongareasaffecteddirectlyand/or indirectlybythewar(or,atamini-mum, avoiding further skewing or exacerbation of regional disparities); restor-ingandpreservinglivelihoods,whileensuringthatanyrecoveryeffortbecomesasourceofemploymentandincomeorasourceofsavingsonhouseholdincomeandstrengthensthefoundationsfordevelopment;and“greening”recovery,allofwhicharebasedondirectcommunityparticipationinthedeterminationofneedsandprioritiesandcapacitybuildingtoenhancesuchparticipationaswellasthemanagementofrecoveryresourcesandactivities.

Withthesignificantenvironmentaldamageandcontaminationofproductivear-easwhichresultedinthelossoflivelihoodsamongthepoorerstratainparticular,UNDPdevelopedanumberofprojectsapplyingthepracticalrecommendationscontained in its rapid assessment report, Rapid Environmental Assessment forGreeningRecovery,ReconstructionandReform:2006, totherecoveryprioritiesidentified through its localized community-based needs assessments in all thewar-affectedregions.

The report itself presents a number of draft action plans in twelve sub-sectorstomitigatetheeffectsofthewarontheenvironmentandtoensurethatthere-constructionandrecoveryeffortsarebasedonenvironmentallysoundmeasures.Thetwelvesub-sectorscoveredbythereportinclude:construction,transport,in-dustry,energyandagriculture,thereceptivemedia(air,waterandsoil)includingbiodiversityandculturalheritage,aswellassolidwastemanagement.Thereportalsopresentsrecommendationsforimprovingnationalenvironmentallegislationand puts forward the options available to the Government of Lebanon to seekcompensationforenvironmentaldamage.

Oil Waste ManagementUNDPisassistingtheMoEtoassesslong-termwastemanagementoptionsavail-abletotreatsome3,000m3ofliquidandsolidoilcontaminatedwastegeneratedfromtheentireoilspillclean-upoperation,andcontinuestosupportMoEinse-lectingandimplementingthemostappropriatetreatmentoptions.

8%

100%

11%14%

17%

18%

34%

38%

84%

Restoration of Electricity& Lighting Systems

Rubble Removal

Repair/Restoration ofStorm Water Conduitsl

Restoration of PublicBuildings

Machinery & Equipment

Restoration of Pavements

Restoration of SecondaryWater Networks

Restoration of Tra�c Signs

Restoration of SewageNetwarks

Early Recovery Priority Projects in South Lebanon

(as % of Total Villages Receiving)


22


Waste ManagementEvenbeforethewarthepeopleinSouthLebanonsufferedfrominadequatewa-terandsewagenetworks,orwatersufficiency.Manyhouseholdswereobligedtobuy potable water transported by trucks to their communities, and oftentimesthisadditionalexpenditureonwaterexceededthefamily’sabilitytoafforditonaregularbasis.

Asforsanitation,asmallpercentageofthevillageshaveanestablishedsewagenetwork.Mostofthehouseholdsrelyontraditionalandineffectivemethodsofconstructingtheirowncesspitswherethesewagewatergetsinfiltratedtotheun-dergroundwater,resultinginhealthhazards.Furthermore,nosewagetreatmentexistsinSouthLebanon,whichobviouslyhasdetrimentaleffectsongroundwaterquality,onmarinelife,onhealthandontheenvironmentingeneral.Inaddition,waterqualitycontrolremainsvirtuallyunaddressed.

These inadequacies in South Lebanon were further aggravated by the massivedestructionofbasiccommunityinfrastructurewroughtbythewar.WithinUNDP’squickrecoveryinterventionsandwithitseffectivepresenceintheaffectedareas,$793,933wereallocatedto110villages, fundedbytheJapaneseTrustFundforHumanSecurity.Theprojectrestoredsecondarywaternetworksin78villagesandundertookavarietyofother rehabilitationworkssuchas repairof sewagenet-worksorstormwaterconduits.

UNDPhasreconstructedthesewagenetworkofSohmur(WestBekaa’)andhelpedtocompletesewagenetworkconnectionsinMashghara.Italsoconstructedare-tainingwallonacurveofthemountainousroadandrepairedasectionofthatroadwithappropriatedrainage.

Managing the Disposal of Hazardous Rubble and Debris LargequantitiesofdemolitiondebrisintheSouthernBeirutSuburbs,SouthLeba-non and the Bekaa resulted from the war. Hundreds of heterogeneous piles ofdemolitionwaste,particularlyintheSouth,remainfollowingtheirclearancefromresidentialneighbourhoodsandtheremovalofvaluablemetalsandothermate-rialsforrecycling.Severalvalidandenvironmentally-soundoptionsfortheman-agement of the demolition debris dumpsites exist. UNDP’s intervention in thissector,withfundingfromSIDA,istoprovidethenecessaryequipmenttoprocessdemolitionwaste,thuscreatingopportunitiesfortherecoveryandre-useofpro-cessedmaterials.Thiswillnotonlycleartheareasfromrubbleinanenvironmen-tallysoundmanner,butwillalsoprovidelocalemploymentopportunities.Atthisstage,theprojectisidentifyingthemostappropriatetypesofmachineryneeded.Onemachinewhichhasbeenprocuredisamobilecrusherwhichcaneasilybetransportedfromonelocationtoanother,withtheexpectationthattheprocessedrubblecanvariouslybere-usedformultiplepurposessuchastotarrepairedandreconstructedroads,orforthereconstructionoffloodwallsandirrigationcanals.

Solar Water Heaters: Savings on incomes and energy consumptionPriortotheJulyWar,UNDPhadpartneredwiththeMinistryofEnergyandWaterto“pilot”theuseofrenewableenergysourcesasanalternativetoimportedfossilfuelswhichconstitutethemainsourceofpowergenerationinLebanon.Withitsdependenceonimportedfuel,electricityisaveryexpensivecommodityinLeba-non,adrainonnationalrevenueandonindividualhouseholdbudgets.Inpart-nershipwiththeMinistryofEnergyandWater,UNDPlaunchedasuccessfulpublicawarenesscampaigntopromotetheuseofenergyefficient lightbulbsandre-newalenergyanddevisedasystemforthedistributionandinstallationof500So-larWaterHeatersthathadbeendonatedbyChinatotheGovernmentofLebanon.MonitoringresultsfromthispilotprojectwhichwascarriedoutinSouthLebanon

Siddiqine village: “Ain el Jawzi”

The village is blessed with a natural spring that feeds Siddiqine as well as the village of Rechknanay, and provides ample supply of water to the residents of these two villages.

The spring was cleaned of pollutants and pipes were installed to convey the water to the village square for collection. The existing water system had been totally destroyed by bombing. The UNDP – UNTFHS activity renovated the system to better quality standards.

Solar Water Heaters in Sheikh Ragheb Harb Hospital (Toul Kfour, Nabatiyeh)

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clearlydemonstrateda30%reduction,onaverage,inhouseholdelectricitybillsand,inseveralcases,ashighas50%.

IsraelibombardmentsduringtheJulyWardestroyed350oftheinstalledsolarwa-terheaters,200completelyand150partially.

Giventheprovensavingsonhouseholdenergyconsumptionandthecorrespond-ingreductioninhouseholdelectricitybillswhichresultedfromthepilotproject,UNDP determined that it made good economic and sound ecological sense tomaketheexpandeduseofSolarWaterHeatersintegraltoitsownrecoveryassis-tanceeffortsand,subsequently,nationally.

UNDPdecidedwiththewar-affectedmunicipalitiestoconcentratefirstoninstall-ingSolarWaterHeatersinpublicinstitutionsidentifiedatthecommunitylevel–forexample,inschools,hospitals,orphanages,prisons,municipalbuildings–andtoinstallenergyefficientlightbulbs,forwhichevidencenowindicatesasavingsof18-20%inelectricityconsumptionwhenrestoringpublicbuildingsandhousing.UNDPsetouttomobilisefundsforthiseffort,includingseekingChina’sinterestinreplacingthesamequantityofSolarWaterHeaterswhichweredestroyedordam-agedduringthewar.Chinasubsequentlycommittedtodonatinganadditional600units,whichareprogrammedtobeinstalledintheBekaa.Intheinterim,theGovernmentofSwedenprovidedgenerousfundingtoUNDPtoinitiatethiseffortandtheGovernmentofSpain,whichchannelleditspledgesforRecoverythroughtheLRF,decidedtomakeamulti-yearcommitmenttoUNDPtosupportthiseffortoveraperiodof3years(2006-2008),atavalueof7.5millionEuros.TheGovern-ment of Greece has also confirmed its interest in also contributing to UNDP toexpandtheuseoftheseenergy-andincome-savingtechnologies.

AssoonasdonorresourcesbecameavailabletoUNDP,implementationbeganinSouthLebanon,theSouthernSuburbofBeirutandtheBekaa’,andremainsongo-ingascoverageanddemandforsolarwaterheaterscontinuetoexpand.

Restoration and Preservation of Livelihoods While UNDP’s Early Recovery package helped to restore fishermen’s livelihoodsintheimmediateaftermathofthewar,thelocalizedneedsassessmentscarriedoutwiththemunicipalitiesidentifiedfurtheropportunitiesforrestoringtheliveli-hoodsofotherinformalandformalsectoroccupationalcategories;andoftentimesUNDP’ssupportwascatalyticorcomplementaryforotherpartners,withspecialattentiontovulnerablegroups(widows,youth,femaleheadsofhouseholds).

ThefollowingactivitiesareillustrativeofUNDP’sinterventionsandsupportinre-storing and preserving livelihoods, with generous funding support from ECHO,Austria,Brazil,AustraliaandItaly:

•Rehabilitation/construction of traditional marketplacesWiththehistorictowncentreofBintJbeilcompletelydemolishedbyIsraelibom-bardmentsduringthewar,Qatar“adopted”thereconstructionofthetown,withacommitmenttorestorethetowncentretoitsoriginaltraditionaldesign.Intheinterim,Qatarbuiltamodernmarketplaceashortdistanceawayfromthetowncentretohelprevitalizelocaltrade.UNDPprovidedthesmalltraderswhosetupshopinthenewmarketwiththeneededequipmentorfurnishingstore-establishtheirbusinesses,therangeofwhichincludedrestaurants,accessoryshops,shoestores, mini markets, offices, butcheries, and barbershops.The inputs providedvariedfromshelvingonwhichtostoreanddisplaytheirwares, torefrigerators,cookingutensils,desks,curtainsandothersupplies.

Bint Jbeil Marketplace (South Lebanon)

Box 1: New technologies as a postwar opportunity: Solar Water Heaters

Prior to the July 2006 War, UNDP had installed Solar Water Heaters (SWH) in some 250 houses in the poorer villages of South Lebanon using equipment re-ceived from the Government of China. Such SWH systems assisted local com-munities in not only meeting their basic household needs but also saving on much needed income through a direct reduction in the cost of household elec-tricity bills. Preliminary results of this pilot showed up to 30% reduction in household expenditures on electricity and a high perception of benefit by in-dividuals. Approximately 70% of these SWH systems were destroyed by bomb-ing during the July War. With the dem-onstrated success of this pilot project, UNDP proceeded to expand the use of SWH throughout Lebanon within the early recovery programme, both to save on energy consumption and incomes. Since the approach helps to mitigate income constraints while meeting basic needs for hot water in an environmen-tally friendly manner, donor interest in this sector grew significantly and sup-port was committed by the governments of Sweden, Spain and Greece. Based on this success, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Energy and Water with UNDP support will upscale these pilot projects to a national-level programme within the energy sector. This approach will support the diversification of Leba-non’s energy, promote environmentally sustainable renewable energy alterna-tives, lower demand on Electricite de Liban, and ultimately provide cleaner and more affordable energy


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InQleilehinTyreQada,UNDPissupportingthereconstructionofamunicipalmar-ketcomprisingaroundten(10)microandsmallenterprisesownedbythemunici-pality.Thereconstructionofthemarketretainsitsoriginaltraditionalarchitecturaldesign.Itisexpectedtogenerateasustainablesourceofrevenueforthemunici-palityaswellasemploymentandincomeforlocalresidents.

Inresponsetocommunity-basedidentificationofneeds,UNDPisconstructingashelteredmarketplaceinElMarj(WestBekaa)wheresmallproducersandtraderscansellavarietyofgoodsandwares,anditincludesspaceallocatedspecificallyforlivestocktraders.UNDPisalsoconstructinganExhibitionCenterinBaalbektorevivethelocaleconomysupportingtheproductionandmarketingoflocalpro-ducebysmallandmediumsizeenterprises.Thecenterservesmorethan150,000residentsin6mainvillagesofBaalbek,Younine,Eaat,HouchTelSafiyah,Makneh,andDouris.

In the southern suburbs of Beirut (Dahiyeh), UNDP is restoring the local publicmarketforvegetables,fruitandotherfreshproduceintheimpoverishedHayelSullumarea;it isalsosupportingthemunicipalityofChiahtorefurbishandup-gradethefaçadeof itscentralcommercialhubofsmallshops,boutiques,side-walkcafesandrestaurantslocatedonMo’awadstreet,themainstreetattheheartofits“downtown”.Theserestorationactivitiesaregenerouslyfundedbyacontri-butiontoUNDPbyECHO.

•Reactivation of small, micro and cooperative-enterprises and vocational trainingDrawingonsimilaractivitiesunderitsregulardevelopmentprogramme,UNDPissupportingawomen’scooperativeinDeirQanounRaselEintoresumethepro-ductionandmarketingofprocessedagriculturalgoods(jams,picklesandotherpreservatives),aswellasotherretailgoods.Projectstosupportvocationaltrain-ingforwomenareunderadvancedstagesofpreparationintheDahiyehandintheBekaa’.Therangeofskillsandtradesaredeterminedandprioritizedthroughaparticipatoryapproachandtheidentificationoftradesarevalidatedbyamarketfeasibilityassessment.Prioritieshaveincludedcomputertraining,establishingane-libraryforstudents,agriculturalprocessing,andmanufactureofclothing.

UNDPisalsohelpingtore-equiporre-capitalizemunicipalservicesprovidedtoagricultural cooperatives, farmers and local residents. Replacement equipmentprovidedunderthisprojectincludebobcats,garbagetrucks,septicpumptrucks,pesticidesprayingmachines, tractorsandthreshersdistributed to theUnionofMunicipalitiesofNabatiyeh,andBintJbeil,MarjayounandTyreQadas.

Ofthe262buildingsdestroyedbyIsraelibombardmentsinthesouthernsuburbsofBeirut(Dahiyeh),232ofthemwereinHaretHreikalone.WhileintheimmediateaftermathofthewarUNDPhadprovidedcashgrantsortotheHaretHreikmu-nicipalitytohelpittorapidlyleasetherequiredequipmenttocleanupdemolitionwastesofrubbleanddebris,UNDPisintheprocessofpurchasingheavyexcava-tionequipmenttodonateittothemunicipality,enablingittocontinuewiththestillongoingeffortstoremovethedailyaccumulationsofrubbleanddebrisre-sultingfromdisposalofdestroyedfurnitureandotherclean-up,repair,demolitionandreconstructionoperations.

UNDP continues to help agricultural cooperatives to re-establish and improvetheir income generation activities.Within this strategy, projects targeted to re-storethelivelihoodsofthewideragriculturalpopulationincludedtheinstallationofauniquelaurelpresstoextractthelaureloilinAitaChaab,anareaknownforitsabundantresourcesofLaureltrees.Thispressusestraditionalmethodsofex-tractionmodernizedtocompetewiththenewtechnologies,maintainingthevery

Women’s Cooperative in Deir Qanoun (Tyre)

Laurel Trees in Aita Al Shaab (South Lebanon)

Beekeeping Project in South Lebanon

Hay El Sellom Public Vegetable Market (Beirut Southern Suburb)

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goodqualityoftheoilinproduction.Moreover,UNDPhelpedprocureandinstallanolivepressinsupportoftheUnionofCooperativesinSouthLebanonwhichencompassesaround104cooperativesspreadoverthesouthernregion,wherethecultivationofolive treesandtheprocessing,manufacturingandmarketingof by-products representaprincipalandsteadysourceof incomeuponwhichfamiliesrely.

UNDP is implementingaprojectwith thebeekeepingcooperative inToul/Kfourwhere the cooperative, in collaboration with the beekeeping syndicate in theSouth,isestablishingacentrefortheproductionandpackagingofhoney.UNDPwillprovidetheneededequipmentforthisprojectwhichisuniqueinitselfsincethecooperativeplanstomarketlocallyproducedhoneyinsmallpackagestobedis-tributedtoschools,hospitals,restaurants,airport…etc.Theprojecttargetsaround700beneficiarieswhoareactiveinthebeekeepingsectorinNabatiyehregion.

AlsoinsouthLebanon,UNDPissupportingtherehabilitationandequippingofaslaughterhouseinthecityofNabatiyeh.Thisslaughterhousebenefitstwenty-ninevillagesthattheUnionofMunicipalitiesofNabatiyehcovers.Theslaughter-houseismanagedjointlybyexperiencedbutchersfromtheareaandrepresenta-tivesfromthemunicipalitiesofNabatiyehUnion.Themanagementoftheslaugh-terhouseensurescompliancewiththehighestpublichealthstandardsandoccu-pationalsafetymeasures;fullycognizantofitspotentialdetrimentaleffectsontheenvironmentandpublichealth,itensuresthatthepropersanitation,hygieneandenvironmentalstandardsareusedforthedisposalofthewasteemanatingfromtheslaughterhouse.

OnthebasisoflocalparticipationintheidentificationofprioritiesforvocationaltrainingandskillsupgradingintheHaretHreikandBorjelBarajnehmunicipali-tiesoftheDahiyehtomeetmarketdemand,UNDPissupportingtraininginvari-oustrades,concentratingprimarilyonelectriciansand,specifically,intheservic-ingandrepairingofheatingandcoolingsystems;mechanics,andelectronics(forrepairandservicingofarangeofelectronicequipment).UNDPallocated$600,000towardsthisprojectfromagenerousgrantitreceivedfromECHO.

•Regenerating informal sources of income (medicinal and aromatic plants)Withthecontaminationofvast tractsofagricultural landwithUXOsanddirectdamagetoforestandothercropsduringthewar,accessofthepoortotraditionalforagingofwildherbsandmedicinalplantsonwhichtheyreliedforincomewasseverelycurtailed.BringingtobearitsknowledgeandexperiencefromongoingenvironmentalworkUNDPhasbeenundertakingwithinitsregulardevelopmentprogramme,whereitsupportsthesustainableharvestingofwildmedicinalandaromaticplantstopreservetheseindigenousspecies,UNDPhasnegotiatedtheuseofpubliclandinfivevillagesinTyreandNabateyehonwhichtheseforagerscanformanassociationtocultivateandmarketmedicinalandaromaticplants.ThisprojectisfundedbyresourcesmobilizedfromAustralia($200,000)andUN-DP’sownresources($50,000).

•Freshwater AquaculturePriortotheWar,UNDPhadhelpedtodesignandbuildaretainingwalltoprotectagainstfloodingintheQaa’regionoftheBekaaValley,alongtheAssiRiver.WhentheAssiRiveroverfloodedfollowingrecentheavyrains,destroyingthelivelihoodsoftroutfarmers,theQaa’wastheonlyareaalongtheriverwhichremainedpro-tected.TheHermelregion,anareawithoneofthehighestincidenceofpovertyinLebanon,wasseverelyaffected,especiallyfreshwateraquaculturefarmers.UNDPisworkingwiththemunicipalityand localcommunitytorebuildthedestroyedaquaculture farms inanenvironmentallyandeconomicallysustainablemanner

The Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Project

In 2006, within the biodiversity pro-gramme at UNDP, a project was devel-oped, in partnership with the Ministry of Environment and Ministry of Agriculture, to promote the sustainable cultivation and preservation of medicinal and aro-matic plants (MAPs) which grow wild in Lebanon, in order to safeguard these indigenous species of plants and herbs. One of the detrimental consequences of the war was the widespread dispersal of UXOs in South Lebanon, where commu-nities depend on the collection of MAPs as an additional or only source of house-hold income. Building on the techni-cal knowledge and experience accrued through this bio-diversity programme, UNDP is applying the same environmen-tally-sound techniques to help villagers in 5 communities in South Lebanon who traditionally had relied on foraging of these medicinal and aromatic plants to cultivate them on public lands, thus re-storing their source of income on which they depend for their livelihoods.

Slaughterhouse in Nabatiyeh (South Lebanon)


26


and is currently exploring opportunities for supporting the establishment of asmall factory for the production of smoked trout.This project is funded by re-sourcesmobilizedfromBrazil($250,000).

•Flood protection and Irrigation canals (North Bekaa)WiththedemonstratedsuccessofthefloodretentionwallbuiltintheQa’a,UNDPhasdevelopedaproject,tobefundedbySpainthroughtheLRF,toextendthefloodretentionwallintheimpoverishedareaofBaalbek-Hermel,incollaborationwith the theMinistriesofEnvironmentandAgriculture.Theprojectwill restoreandimproveacriticalsourceoflivelihood,agriculture,forlocalcommunities,byprovidingefficientsystemsofirrigationwaterthroughtheconstructionofsmalldams,reservoirsandcanals.Theapproachsecuresenvironmentally-soundwaterresourceswhileprotectingtheareafromever-increasingflashfloods.

Mine ActionUNDP’ssupporttomineactionactivitiesalsopredatestheJulyWar.However,withuptoamillionunexplodedclustermunitionsremaininginSouthernLebanonaf-terJuly2006,mineactionassistancehasbecomeevenmorecrucial.Sincethelib-erationofSouthLebanonin2000,UNDP’sroleintheareaofmineactionhascon-centratedonprovidingtechnicalassistancetothegovernment’sNationalDemin-ingOffice(NDO)tosupportstrategicplanningandcoordinationoftheclearanceof explosive remnants of war (ERW), as well as assisting in the socio-economicrehabilitationoftheareasclearedofmines.

PrioritizingpublicsafetyandthesafereturnofIDPsfollowingtheJuly2006War,emergencyclearanceofERWinpeople’shomesandinpublicplaceswasunder-taken by the Lebanese Army, UNIFIL and NGOs, coordinated by UNMACC.WithGovernment’scommitmentafter theendof theWar inmid-August tostart theschool-yearontime,withonlyaone-monthdelay,thenextmineclearanceprior-itywastoremovetheUXOsfromtheschools.Studentswerethusactuallyabletoresumetheireducationwith,remarkably,onlyaone-monthdelayfromthenor-malstartoftheschool-year,inrepairedandUXO-freeschoolsorinpre-fabricatedschoolbuildings.By14March,2007,eightmonthsaftertheendofthewar,itwasestimatedthatapproximately11.5millionsquaremetersofthecurrentlyestimat-ed34millionsquaremeters(33%)ofcontaminatedlandhadbeencleared.

UNDP is continuing with post-mine clearance socio-economic rehabilitation,withadditionalfundingfromtheJapaneseHumanSecurityTrustFund($965,000for2007-2008),intheformofsupporttomunicipalities,cooperativesandyouthgroups in more than 100 mine-cleared communities in southern Lebanon. In2007,UNDPwillsustainitsassistancetotheNDOtofurtherdevelopacompre-hensiveoperationsandqualitymanagementsystemforthenationalmineactionprogramme,whichentailsthedevelopmentofamineactionpolicythatencom-passesallmineactionpillars,along-termplanbasedonthenationalmineactionpolicyandanapprovedmineactionendstate,andsupportinthephysicalestab-lishmentofnationaloperationsandqualitymanagementcellscapableofcoordi-natingmineclearanceoperations inaccordancewith internationalmineactionstandardsandbestpractices.

UNDPworkscloselywiththeUnitedNationsMineActionService(UNMAS)throughitsUNMineActionCoordinationCentreforSouthLebanon(UNMACC-SL).

Thethirdmine-clearanceprioritywastoenablefarmerstosafelyaccesstheirag-riculturalfieldsandresumeproduction.UNMACC,incollaborationwithFAO,hasalignedmineclearanceactivitieswiththeagriculturalcyclefordifferentcropsandforlivestockactivities.

Irrigation Canal in Hermel (Bekaa Region)

Smoked Trout in Hermel (Bekaa Region)

Mine Action

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Resources Mobilized and DeliveredMorethan$57millionhavealreadybeenmobilizedtosupportUNDP’srecoveryprogramme,ofwhich$38millionweremobilizedfordirectsupporttoearlyandsustainedrecovery.Another$17millionweremobilizedforactivitiesthatsustainor are complementary to a seamless recovery transition towards development,suchasArtGold,SocioEconomicRehabilitationofMineAffectedCommunities,and the Peacebuilding project, funded by Italy ($11m), Belgium ($3m), CatalanAgency ($400,000), Japan ($1m) and Sweden ($1.1m), with UNDP contributing$700,000fromitsownresourcesforPeacebuilding.

Ofthistotal,approximately$30millioninUNDPassistanceisbeingdeliveredin2007,thebulkforrecovery.UNDPexpectstomaintainitssupporttorecovery-re-latedactivitiesin2008,forwhichapproximately$20millionofthealreadymobi-lizedresourcesarebeingprogrammed.Overall,fourteendonorscommittedfundsandresourcesduringthisperiod,eitherthroughtheStockholmConference,theLebanonRecoveryFundorthroughbilateralcontributionsdirectlytoUNDP.

Withits$11millioncontributiontoArtGold,Italy’sshareconstitutes19%offundsmobilizedofwhich$4millionwereallocatedforrecoveryactivitiesfor2007.TheGovernmentofSpain,throughitscontributiontotheLRF,andtheGovernmentofSweden,throughitsdevelopmentarmSIDAaccountedrespectivelyfor22%and17% of total funds mobilized and earmarked as of today.The European Union,throughitsHumanitarianarm,ECHOalsoaccountedforasubstantial13%ofre-sourcesmobilized.

ThecontributorstoUNDP’srecoveryprogrammingandcomplementaryactivitiesareoutlinedinChartX.ChartYreflectstheallocationofresourcesatthecentrallevelandtoSouthernLeb-anon,BeirutSouthernSuburbs,theBekaaandtheNorthasatSeptember2007.FortheNorth,UNDPisprovidingsustainedrecoveryassistance largelythroughtheART/GOLDprogramme.(seebelow)

7%

12%

17%

1%

1%

1%1%

0%5%

4%5%

2%

22%

19%

3%

Chart XEarly Recovery Priority Projects in

South Lebanon(as % of Total Villages Receiving)

12%

17%9%

18%

44%

Chart YUNDP Recovery Programme

(including recovery complementary activities) by RegionFrom August 2006 to September 2007


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JustasthescopeofUNDP’sdevelopmentpresence inLebanonconstitutedthefoundationuponwhichitwasabletoquicklyandflexiblyrespondtotheonsetofthehumanitariancrisisandtothechallengesofpost-warearlyrecoveryplanningandimplementationinaseamlesstransitiontosustainedrecovery,UNDPsimulta-neouslyestablishedsynergiesandcoherencebetweenitssustainedrecoveryac-tivitiesandtheresumption,expansionandsomereorientationofitsregulardevel-opmentprogrammes.UNDP’sstrategicapproachisconsistentwithGovernment’sowneffortstopreservethefundamentalsofitsmedium-termReformprogrammeandplanforlonger-termdevelopment,withtheoverallobjectiveofbenefitingallLebanese,whileadjustingthephasingandscopeofsomeofthereformmeasurestotakeintoaccounttheimperativesofpost-warreconstructionandrecovery.

ParisIII

The Government of Lebanon had finalized a medium-term programme of eco-nomicandfiscalreformstopresenttodonorsinaconferenceitintendedtocon-veneinBeirutbytheendof2006.TheReformprogrammeincludedanimportantSocialactionPlan,towhichUNDPhadcontributed,tohelpshieldthepoorandvulnerablefromtheeffectsoftheproposedstructuraladjustmentmeasures.

Moreparticularly,theSocialActionPlancontainedacommitmentbytheGovern-menttoelaborateanationalSocialDevelopmentStrategywithinthefirsttwoyearsofthemedium-termprogrammeofreformswhichmovestheSocialagendabeyondsocialprotectionandsafetynetschemesandtowardseffectivepoliciesfor social inclusion, equity, poverty reduction and balanced regional develop-ment,anchoredintherelevantnationaltargetsoftheMDGs.

Withtheneedforcoherentimplementationofthereform-basedSocialActionPlanamongrelevantministrieswhichcurrentlyprovideoverlappingsocialprotectionschemes and given the multi-pronged and inter-sectoral thrust of the plannedsocial development strategy, the Government established an inter-Ministerialcommittee(IMC)tocoordinatetheseefforts.TheIMCisledbytheMinistryofSo-cialAffairsandcomprisedoftheMinistriesofEconomyandTrade,Finance,Health,Education,Labour,InteriorandMunicipalities,andtheCouncilforDevelopmentandReconstruction,withUNDPsupportingtheIMCasitssecretariat.Othergov-ernment-ledCoordinationClustersarebeingsupportedbytheWorldBankandtheInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF),aswellastheEU,withtechnicalassistancefromUNDP’sPolicyAdvisoryUnits.

Asnotedearlier,theGovernmenthadbeenintheprocessofengagingthepub-licinadebatearoundtheproposedreformmeasuresinanefforttobuildbroadconsensusaroundthemandthussupporttheirimplementationwhenwarbrokeout.FollowingadjustmentstotheReformProgrammetoaddresspost-warreali-tiesanditsendorsementbytheCouncilofMinisters,theinternationaldonorscon-ferencewasheldinParison25January2007,underthepatronageofPresidentJacquesChirac,garneringanunprecedentedUSD7.6billiondollarsinArabandinternationalsupportforLebanon’sreconstruction,recoveryandreform,thebulkofitintheformofconcessionalloans.

UNDP at the Nexus of Sustained recovery, reform andDevelopment

ThereareseveralaspectsoftheGovernment’smedium-termReformprogramme

VII. Sustained Recovery For Sustained Development

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towhichthenexusofUNDP’ssustainedrecoveryactivitiesandregulardevelop-mentprogramme(asynopsisofwhichiscontainedinAnnexV)arepegged,bothintermsofbeingshapedbytheGovernment’sreformprioritiesand,conversely,helping to anchor them in the espoused objectives of the Social DevelopmentStrategy,particularlythereductionofpovertyandregionaldisparities.Thesein-cludebutarenotlimitedtothefollowing:

A national Social Development StrategyInanefforttopromoteinclusive,pro-poor,regionally-balancedandemployment-ledgrowth,therearethreeseminalstudiessupportedbyUNDPwhichwillcon-tributetotheelaborationoftheSocialDevelopmentStrategy.UNDPiscurrentlyfinalizingitsanalysisoftheresultsoftheexpendituresectionofthe2004multi-purposehouseholdsurvey(covering14,000householdsinallregionsofLebanon)whichitundertookjointlywithCASandtheMinistryofSocialAffairs,todetermineforthefirsttimeeverapoverty lineforLebanonandtodrawaprofile of poverty byregion.Inpartnership,theWorldBankisusingthedatatosharpenbeneficiarytargetingofthesocialsafetynetschemesintheSocialActionPlanandtocarryoutapoverty assessment.UNDP’spost-warsamplesurveyofhouseholds, inwhichILOalsoparticipated,willhelptoprovidecomparatorsofthepre-andpost-warsocio-economicindicators,particularlywithrespecttoemploymentandlabor.

WithregardstothecompositionoftheIMC,thereisscopeunderUNDP’sregulardevelopmentprogrammefor thePAUs in theMinistriesofEconomyandTrade,SocialAffairs,andFinance,tofurtherstrengtheninter-sectoralpolicycoherenceinsupportoftheenvisagedSocialDevelopmentStrategy,withadditionalsynergiesthroughotherPAUs,suchaswiththeMinistriesofEnvironment,EnergyandWater,IDAL,OMSAR,parliament,andtheOfficeofthePrimeMinister.

Impetus to the Productive Sectors of the Economy ForthebroadobjectivesoftheSocialDevelopmentStrategytobeachieved,par-ticularly the reduction of poverty and regional disparities, a greater impetus ismeritedthaniscurrentlycontainedintheGovernment’sReformprogrammetohelpfurtherdevelopthepotentialoftheproductivesectorsoftheeconomy,par-ticularlyagricultureandindustry.Inthisregard,theassessmentofthewar’sim-pactonsmallandmicro-enterprises,undertakenjointlywithILOandCRI,willhelptodeterminethepolicyandlegislativerequirementsformaximizingthepotentialofthisproductivesector– inallregionsofLebanon–togenerateemploymentandcontributetoLebanon’seconomicgrowth.Moreover,underUNDP’sregulardevelopmentprogramme,variousstudiesandsuccessfulprojectactivitiesontheground have been undertaken to support the potential for agricultural growthandproductivityamongsmall-scaleproducersandeco-tourisminthenorth;cashcropalternativesintheBekaawhichthestudyshowedhaveahighglobalmar-ketdemandpotentialforthetextileindustries;andagro-industriesintheSouth,NorthandtheBekaa,uponwhichthisrequiredimpetuscanbebuilt.

Greening Reconstruction and RecoveryOntheGovernment’sreformagendaistheprogressiveprivatizationofElectric-ite du Liban (EDL) with the expectation, on the supply side, of greater efficien-cy, cost effectiveness and profitability. Although recourse to renewable energysources was being promoted in parallel, it was not factored into the reform ofEDL.WiththesuccessdemonstratedbythejointUNDP-MoEWSolarWaterHeat-erspilotprojectinreducingthecostandconsumptionofelectricityathouseholdlevelbyatleastone-third,Governmentisconsideringscalingthisuptonationallevel,startingwithpublicsectorinstitutions,includingallministries,astheinvest-ment cost for conversion to solar water heaters and other uses of solar energycanbe recoveredwithin2-3years.TheMinistryofFinancewill take the lead in


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takingthisrevenuesavingprogrammetonationalscale.UNDPcontinuesitsregu-lardevelopmentpartnershipwiththeMinistryofEnergyandWaterinadvancingtowardsanationalrenewableenergyprogramme,aswellasenergyconservationprogrammesinvarioussectors,mostnotablyconstruction.AlsounderitsregulardevelopmentprogrammeinpartnershipwiththeMinistryofEnvironment,UNDPismainstreamingenvironmentalconcernsacrossotherlineministries—mostre-cently,intheMinistryofJustice,topromotetheapplicationandenforcementofex-istingenvironmentallegislationwithinthejudiciarysystem,incollaborationwiththeWorldBank;aswellasintheMinistryofAgriculturewithsuchprogrammesasfloodprotectionandpromotinginternationaltradeoforganicproduce;andintheMinistryofPublicWorksandTransportwhere it is supportingenvironmentally-soundmanagementofthedisposalandre-useofrubbleanddebris.

DecentralizationThe“ownership”bythemunicipalitiesoftherecoveryresponseshasledtothede-velopmentofimprovedlocalplanningcommitteesandmechanismsthatwillnowbefurtherreinforcedthroughanumberofUNDPprojectsintheareaofsocialandeconomicgovernance.UnderitsGovernanceportfolio,UNDPhadcommissionedastudythatwasapprovedbytheParliamentaryCommitteeformodernizationoflawsanditwillbepublishedbyOctober2007.Thisstudyreviewedthestatusofimplementationofenactednationallegislationanddraftlawstopromotedecen-tralizationandmaderecommendationsonovercomingconstraints.

equitableLocalDevelopment:“arTGOLD”

UNDPispromotinglocalparticipatoryapproachestoinclusive,equitableandpro-poordevelopmentbasedonMDGtargetsthroughtheARTGOLD/Lebanonpro-gramme.“ARTGOLD”isacompositeFrenchandEnglishacronymfor“supporttoarearesourcesforlocalgovernanceanddevelopment”andisglobalinscope.Theprogrammeconsistsofthreetiers:international,involvingdecentralizedcoopera-tionbetweenLebaneseandEuropeanlocalauthorities;national,involvingcoordi-nationamongcentralandlocalgovernmenttopromotedecentralization;andlo-cal,bringingtogetherdevelopmentpartnersatthecommunityorarealevel.TheprogrammealsoencouragescollaborationamongtheUNAgenciestowardstheachievementofnationalandlocalMDGtargets,helpsregionalandlocalauthor-ities in donor and recipient countries establish partnerships in support of localdevelopmentandgovernanceprocesses,andstrengthenscapacitiesatthelocallevelintheplanningandimplementationofcoherentdevelopmentinitiatives.

Donorcountries,whichhavesinceinceptionoftheglobalARTGOLDprogrammesignedmorethan300decentralizedcooperationpartnerships, includeregionalandlocalgovernmentsofBelgium,Canada,France,Greece,Italy,SpainandSwit-zerland. InLebanon, the Italiangovernment is the leaddonor for theArtGold/LebanonprogrammeandtheCouncilforDevelopmentandReconstructionistheleadnationalauthority.

Thethree-yearARTGOLD/LebanonprogrammewasdevelopedpriortotheJuly2006warwithagenerouscontributionofUSD8.5millionfromtheGovernmentof Italy and, indeed, the Agreement was signed in May 2006 with the expecta-tionofbeginningthefirstphaseof implementationinJulythatyear,whenwarintervened.Ineffect,theProgrammegainedevenmoreaddedsignificanceandrelevanceafterthewarbecausethepoorestareasthathadalreadybeentarget-edbyART/GOLDandthescaleofthewar’sdirectand/orindirectdevastationsoflivesandlivelihoodsinthesesameareashadconverged.Followingthewar,theGovernmentofItalyreadilyagreedtoaddtheSouthernSuburbsofBeirutamong

Box X: At the Heart of Art Gold: The Local Working Groups

Local Working Groups (LWG) are atthe heart of the Art Gold participa-tory methodology. These generallymeetonamonthlybasisarenormallychaired by municipal council mem-bers, with participation by represen-tatives of local associations, civil so-ciety organizations, and communityleaders. Their primary function is tomap community needs and resourc-es through dialogue and implementpriorityprojectstobefundedbytheArtGoldprojectorbyEuropeanlocalauthoritiesthroughtheArtGoldde-centralizedcooperationmodel.

TheLocalWorkingGroupshavestart-edthe identificationprocessof theirneeds, and are classifying them bysectors and themes. These have sofar included education, health, so-cial issues,theenvironment,andjobcreation.ForeachclusterofWorkingGroups,a“ThematicWorkingGroup”is convened and tasked with devel-opingaworkplantosolvetheprob-lemsidentified.

Whendifferentmunicipalitiesidentifycommon issues and needs, an“InterMunicipal Thematic Working Group”(INTWG) is established in order tojoineffortsandproposecommonso-lutions. An example of this is in theBorj Barajnehareawherehealthissueswerecommonlyidentifiedinanum-ber of its municipalities. An IMTWGwassubsequentlyestablished,whichproceededtoidentifythemostpress-ingcommonproblemsinthissector.TheIMTWGistobesupportedlocallyand internationally through fundingandtechnicalassistancetoArtGold.

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theareas thathadoriginallybeentargetedunderARTGOLD/Lebanon,withanadditionalcontributionof1.5millionEuro,andtodevotethefirstyearofthepro-gramme’s implementationtopost-warrecovery, forwhichUNDPallocatedUSD4million fromthe Italiancontribution,apportioningthese resourcesequally toeachofthetargetedareas:

• North Lebanon: Three districts: Akkar, Menyé-Dinniyé and Tripoli-Bab AlTibbaneh

•SouthLebanon:Fivedistricts:Marjeyoun,Hasbaya,BintJbeil,NabatiyehandTyre

•Bekaaregion:TwodistrictsinWestBekaaandRashaya

•BeirutSouthernSuburbs

LocalauthoritiesinseveralotherEuropeancountrieshavejoinedART/GOLDLeb-anon,includingtheCatalanregionofSpainwhichfundedvariousrecoveryandreconstructionactivitiesintheBekaathroughtheProgramme;aswellasanum-berofregionalandmunicipalauthoritiesfromItaly,France,andBelgium,“twin-ning”withLebaneselocalauthoritiesinthetargetedareasthroughdecentralizedtechnicalcooperationand/orwithadditionalfinancialresources,basedonlocally-determinedrecoveryprioritiesinvarioussectors:health,agriculture,smallenter-prisedevelopment,waterandsanitation,environment,etc…ThebroadrangeofsectorsalsocreateopportunitiesforpartnershipswithsisterUNagenciestowardstheachievementoftheMDGsand,inthisregard,FAO,ILO,WHOandUNICEFhavealreadyexpressedinterest.

TheARTGOLDprogrammeutilizesregionalandlocalworkinggroupsforaconsul-tativedeterminationofrecoveryordevelopmentprioritiesandthecorrespond-ingresourcestobeallocatedtothem.ARTGOLD/Lebanonhassofarestablishedmorethan200LocalWorkingGroupsandmorethan10RegionalWorkingGroups,whoserecoveryprioritiesarecurrentlyatadvancedstagesofplanningand/orim-plementation. Economic Development Agencies (LEDAs) have also been estab-lishedtosupportArea-baseddevelopment,includingexpandingaccesstomicro-credit,andstepsarecurrentlybeingtakentoestablishaNationalCommittee,ledbyCDRtohelp,interalia,coordinatelocaldevelopmenteffortswithnationalde-velopmentplans.

Withthe$4millionallocatedtopost-warrecoveryinthefirstyearofARTGOLDimplementation,concreteactivitiestorestorelivesandlivelihoodsonthegroundinthedistrictstargetedbythisprogrammeinNorthLebanon,Bekaa,SouthLeba-nonandtheBeirutSouthernSuburbshaveincludedthefollowing:

North LebanonInlate2005,aspartofitsregionalsocio-economicdevelopmentprogrammewithCDRandinanticipationofART/GOLDLebanon,UNDPlaunchedtheresultsofitscomprehensivesocio-economicstudyontheimpoverishedJoumehareaofAkkar.TheUNDPstudy,incooperationwithBalamandUniversity,setouttoundertakeaGISmappingandananalysisofthedevelopmentpotentialofthearea,takingintoaccountitsnaturalresourcebaseandsocio-economicindicators.ThestudyprovidesananalyticalfoundationforareadevelopmentoftheJoumehareaandcanbereplicatedelsewhereinthenorthaswellasinotherregionsofthecountry.UNDPpresentedtheresultsofthestudytotheMembersofParliamentwhorep-resentdifferentareasofNorthLebanoninParliamentfordiscussionandeventualuse,asappropriate,informulatinglocalandarea-baseddevelopmentplans.


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The first tranche of ART GOLD/Lebanon devoted to post-war recovery in theareasoftheNorthwhicharetargetedbytheProgrammesupportthefollowingactivities,basedon locally-identifiedprioritiesand locally-elaboratedplansandfundedthroughdecentralizedcooperation:

•Procurementofaudiovisualequipmentfor30Schools,inpartnershipwithMunicipalities,forimprovingthequalityofeducation.

•Equipping10centersin10villagesrespectivelywithcomputers,inpartner-shipwiththeMunicipalitiesandschoolsinordertoenhanceITknowledgeamongtheyouth.

•ProcurementofHumidityandTemperatureSensorsandprovisionofexten-siontrainingtofarmersontheiruse,inpartnershipwiththeAgricultureandScientificResearchCenterinAbdeh,SafadiFoundation,cooperativesandlo-calMunicipalities.

• Equipping the Agriculture & Scientific Research Center in Abdeh with alaboratory for soil testing and analysis and with equipment for veterinaryservices.

•Procurementofarefrigeratorforapplestorage,inpartnershipwithJerdAlKaytiehMunicipalUnionandanagriculturalcooperative.

• Installation of a drip irrigation system to preserve water resources, incooperation with the Safadi Foundation, agricultural cooperatives andmunicipalities.

•Supporttoagro-processingandagro-industries,includingfruitprocessing/preservationandbeekeeping,withtheprovisionoftheassociatedtrainingandextensionservices.

•ConductinganassessmentofthedevelopmentpotentialoftourisminAkkarandsupportingthepublicationofatourismguidebooktopromoteAkkar’sfamouslandscapes,touristhotspotsandculturalattractions.ThisinitiativeisinpartnershipwiththeLebaneseUniversity,HotelManagementandTour-ismDepartment.

•Support to eco-tourism projects in Akkar, Dinniyeh and Hermel, includingchartingandestablishinghikingtrails,inpartnershipwiththemunicipalities.

Bekaa•“RehabilitationofPrimaryHealthCareCenterinHouchHarimeh”projectpro-

videsmedicalandhealthservices(dental,pediatric,&gynecology)atmini-mumchargeandcoveringsevenotherneighboringvillagesandbenefitingabout20,000residents.ConstructionofapublichealthservicecenterandapubliclibraryinAlSaweirivillagebenefiting8,000residents,includingfromnearbyvillages.

• Construction of a pubic library in Rashaya village to which nearly 12.000youths,schoolanduniversitystudents,andresearcherswillhaveaccess.

• Procurement of a Metallic Roof for the Intermediate Public School Play-groundinKamedElLouz.

•RehabilitationofAgriculturalRoadsinRashayaandWestBekaaCazasacrosstenvillageswhoseresidentsdependalmostentirelyonagriculturefortheir

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living.The project, undertaken in partnership with local cooperatives andfarmers,helpstoenhancetheeconomiccycleinthearea,benefiting15000farmers;theprojectisinpartnershipwithlocalagriculturecooperativesandfarmers.

•Constructionofasocialandeducationalcenter inAlBirreh,Rashayacazaservingapopulationofabout12,000,withspaceforsports,culturalactivi-ties,workshopsandseminars;andrehabilitationofapublichallinTannourehforsimilarfunctions,inadditiontogeneratingrevenueforthemunicipality.

South Lebanon• Restoration of the Dairy Farm and Milk Processing Center in Chamaa and

nineneighboringvillagesinTyre,benefiting47,000farmingfamiliesProjectinterventionsincludereconstructionofthefacility,provisionofequipmentandmaterialstoreactivatetheoperationsandactivitiesofthefarm;andpro-curementofnewdairycows.TheprojectisfundedbytheCatalanagency.

•Waterresourcesmanagement,supportedbyPratoprovinceandsupporttoenvironmentalconservation,education,healthandsocialdevelopmentpro-tection,inpartnershipwiththeItalianassociation“EntilocaliperlapaceeIdirittiumani”.

Beirut Southern Suburb•Capacitybuilding for socialandcommunityworkers inAl-Chiah,FournAl

Chebbak,andAlHadath,whichaimsto improvesocialservices ingeneralandtosupportyouthsatriskinparticular.TheinitiativeisinpartnershipwithTuscanyRegionandArciTuscany.

•StrengtheningtheprimaryhealthcarecentreinHaretHreikandHadath.ThisisapilotprojectthatconformswiththenationalstrategyoftheMinistryofPublic Health and is implemented in partnership with the Municipality ofArezzoinTuscanyRegion.

•Supporttoschoolstudentsthroughacademicandrecreationalactivitiesin8publicandprivateschoolsinBourjAlBarajnehandMreijeh,inpartnershipwiththelocalMunicipalities.

•Technicalsupporttowatermanagementandenvironmentawareness, im-plementedinallsevenmunicipalareas,inpartnershipwiththeMunicipalityofMilano.

Peacebuilding

UNDP’sassistancetoLebanonovermorethanadecadefollowingtheendoftheCivilWar contributed to establishing economic and social stability. Many of theinitiativesundertakeninpartnershipwithlineministriesandatcommunitylevelbecameinstructivetoothercountriessimilarlyemergingfromconflict.Inaneffortatmutualreinforcementandinter-linkagesamongthediscreetandseparateaxesofUNDP’ssupport,UNDPdevelopedaPeacebuildingstrategyto, inter alia,helpfosterenduringsocialreconciliationandpeacefulmanagementandresolutionofconflictdrawingonthehistoricalmemoryandculturalnarrativesofthecivilwarwithincivilsociety,withaviewtoempoweringcivilsocietytoparticipateinallfac-etsofnationallifeandbecomeeffectiveagentsofchangeandsocialcohesion.ThePeacebuildingprojectwaslaunchedinlate2006andbecameoperationalin2007.


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electoralLawreform

WiththefinalizationbytheIndependentNationalCommissiononElectoralLawReformofproposednewelectorallaw,UNDPissupportingaciviceducation/pub-licawarenesscampaignwhichinvolves,interalia,thepublicationandbroaddis-seminationoftheproposedlaw(distributedwithlocalnewspapers),andtheor-ganizationofaseriesofcivilsocietyworkshopstoincreasethepublic’sawarenessandunderstandingoftheproposedelectoral,withformermembersofthenowdissolvedCommissionpresenttoexplaintheproposedlaw.

StrengtheningofcivilSocietyPartnerships

This initiative focuses on enhancing the role of civil society in Lebanon’s socio-economicrecovery,reformanddevelopmentprocesses.Aninternationalconfer-ence on“Civil Society’s Participation in Recovery and Development in Post-warLebanon,”washeldonthe16thand17thofJanuary2007,withmorethan250civilsociety organizations in attendance.This was followed by a series of five work-shopsinthedifferentregionsofthecountry,andculminatinginanationalcon-ferenceheldinJuly2007.ThisinitiativewasundertakeninpartnershipwithOX-FAM-QuebecandtheArabNGONetworkforDevelopment(ANND),asaforumforengagingcivilsocietyandlocalauthoritiesinshapingpost-warrecovery,reformanddevelopmentprioritiesinthedifferentregionsandexploringtheoptionsforestablishingacoordinationplatformforactivecivilsocietyparticipationinthefor-mulationandimplementationofpublicpolicies.

NationalHumanDevelopmentreport:Stateandcitizenship

In2005,UNDPtogetherwithCDRdecidedonthethemefortheNationalHumanDevelopmentReport,focusingontheconceptsofstateandcitizenship,towardsacitizen’sstate.Thisthemeencompassesthenotionofpublicservice,bothonthepartofrepresentativesofstateandonthepartofthecitizenry,aswellasonrightsandobligationsofeach.Asthepreparationofthereport ishighlyparticipatoryacrossalldividesinthecountry,thethemeisparticularlypertinentinthecontextoftheprevailingpoliticalpolarization.

DisasterManagement

Priortothewar,UNDPhaddevelopedasub-regionaldisastermanagementpro-gramme and, withWHO and FAO leadership, had participated in the Avian Flucontingency,mitigationandresponseplanning.TheGovernmentofLebanoniskeentostrengthenitsdisastermanagementcapacities,drawingonworkithadundertaken in connection with prevention and mitigation plans related to theprospectsofanAvianFluepidemic,onlessonslearnedfromexperienceindisas-termanagementandresponseduringtheJulyWar,theNahr-elBaredcrisis,there-centfloodsintheBekaa,andtherecentforestfiresintheChoufandAkkar,whichdestroyed2000hectaresofvirginforest,or5timesthelandreforestedsince1993.Withregardstothelatter,evidencesuggeststhatthecostofdisasterprevention(floodprotectionorpreventionofforestfires)islessthanthecostofreliefforboththegovernment,intermsofcashcompensationtofarmersintheeventoffloods;andforthefarmers,intermsoflostincomesandoutputsresultingfromfloods.AttherequestoftheGovernment,UNDPhasinitiatedastudytomapouttheexist-ingdisastermanagementactorsandresponsecapacitiesatthenationalcoordina-tionlevel(bothinrespectofnaturalandman-madedisasters),asasteptowards

Irrigation Canal in Hermel (Bekaa Region)

Rehabilitation of Key Public Administration Assets (Civil Defense Project)

Conference on Civil Society’s Participation in Recovery and Development in Post-war Lebanon

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identifyinggapsandtowardsasubsequentandin-depthsectorbysectoranalysis.ThelatterwilllikelyrequirethetechnicalassistanceofsisterUNagenciesnormallyinvolvedindisastermitigationandresponseplanning,suchasWHOforthehealthsector(withUNICEFandUNFPA),UNESCO(withUNICEF)fortheeducationsector,UNICEF,forwaterandsanitation,WFPforfoodsupplyandlogistics,UNHCR(forshelter)andpossiblyOCHA. Asa followupsteptoUNDP’songoingsustainedrecoveryworkwiththeMinistriesofAgricultureandEnergyandWateronfloodprotectionandwatermanagement in the EastBekaa(fundedby Spain throughtheLRF),arelateddisasterpreventionplanisbeingdeveloped.Inaddition,UNDPisdevelopingadisasterprevention,mitigationandemergencyresponseplaninrelationtoforestfires,withtheMinistriesofEnvironment,Agriculture,InteriorandAFDC(theonlynationalNGOspecializedinforestfires).

civilDefense

In December 2006, UNDP signed a project agreement involving a USD 2.5 mil-lion grant from the Government of France which aims to help equip and trainLebanon’scivilDefense insearchandrescueoperations,aswellasemergencyambulatorycare,bothatnationalandsub-nationallevels.TheLebaneseCivilDe-fenseactstoprotectandassistthepopulationfollowingnaturaldisasters(suchaslandslides,storms,earthquakes),andduringman-madedisasters;howeverithaslimitedresourceswhenitcomestoequipmentandtraining.Theprojectwasiniti-atedin2007toprocureequipmentforLebanon’sCivilDefense,includingFirstAidkits,10fullyequippedambulances,andonerubbleremovalmobileunit,andthiswillbefollowedbyrelatedtrainingofCivilDefensestaffandvolunteersonadmin-isteringfirstaid,emergencycriticalcare,andsearchandrescuetechniques.

TheNahrelBaredcrisis:Humanitarianandrecoveryresponse

Withinthefirstyearofitsterminoffice,theGovernmentofLebanonwasthefirsttocommit to improvingthe livingconditions in thePalestinianrefugeecamps.Inearly2006,itappointedaseniorofficialintheOfficeofthePrimeMinistertoleadtheformationofaLebanese-PalestinianWorkingGroup(LPWG)whichwouldworktodeterminehowtotranslatetheGovernment’scommitmentintoconcreteactionandresultsontheground.UNDPwasrequestedbytheGovernmenttopro-videtechnicalandsecretariatassistancetotheLPWG,asanadditionalcomponentofitsPAUintheOfficeofthePrimeMinisterandthismaterializedinconsultationwithUNRWAandwithinitialfundingfromCanada.

AmongtheinitialactionstakenwasaninitiativebytheMinisterofLabourtoex-pandthecurrentlylimitedcategoriesofemploymentandoccupationsinwhichPalestinian refugees are eligible to participate. Also, the LPWG president orga-nized the first-ever site visit by Cabinet ministers (Health, Social Affairs, Educa-tion,Labour)toseefirst-handthedeplorableconditionsofthecamps.TheLPWGwaslaterre-designatedastheLebanese-PalestinianDialogueCommittee(LPDC).Asplansconcretizedforcampimprovementsandtheirimplementationinafewcampshadbegun,thecrisisofNahrelBaredCamp(NBC)suddenlyemerged,fol-lowingaterroristattackontheLebaneseArmedForces,on20May2007,byanAl-Qaeda-linkedextremistgroupwhosemembers–largelynon-Palestinian–werediscoveredtohaveinfiltratedandinstalledthemselvesinthecampatNBC,thusposingacontinuingthreattoLebaneseandPalestiniansalike.

ThustheleadershipofallthePalestinianfactionsclosedrankswiththeGovern-mentofLebanon,unifiedaroundthemilitaryoperationoftheLebaneseArmed

El Beddawi Refugees Camp


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ForcestorootoutthisterroristgroupfromNBCandrallyingtoassistthedisplacedrefugeeswhofledmainlytonearbyBeddawicampandhumanitarianevacuationoftheremainingcivilianrefugeepopulationfromNBC.TheGovernmentestab-lishedacoordinationstructureforthehumanitarianoperation,presidedbythePrimeMinister,whichmetregularly.ItbroughttogethertheheadsoftheLPDC,High Relief Committee, Lebanese Red Cross, Palestinian Red Crescent, ICRC,UNRWA,UNICEFandtheUNResidentCoordinator.Asecondcoordinationstruc-ture,alsopresidedbythePrimeMinister,wasalsoestablishedtoplanforrecon-struction,returnandrecovery.Leadresponsibilitywasassignedtoaprivatesectorconstructionfirm,Khatib&AlamiandUNRWA,incollaborationwiththeLPDC;andwithsupportfromtheLebaneseandPalestinianSyndicatesofEngineers,andtheUNagencies(eg. ILO,UNDP,UNICEF,WHO,UNESCO,OHCHR,representedinthecommitteebytheUNResidentCoordinator),incollaborationwithPalestinianandLebaneseNGOs.

AtthebeginningofthecrisisattheleveloftheUNCountryTeam,theUNResi-dentCoordinator(whoisalsotheUNDPResidentRepresentative),convenedon24 May the first of a series of inter-agency meetings to agree on the organiza-tionoftheUN’shumanitarianresponse.TheagenciesunanimouslyagreedtorallybehindUNRWA’sleadershipoftheUNhumanitarianresponse,notonlybecauseUNRWAholdsthemandatebutalsobecauseitsymbolizesandactsasareminderof thecontinuingobligationof the internationalcommunity to fulfill the legiti-materightsofthePalestinianpeopleasembodiedintherelevantUNresolutions,particularlyGAresolution194andSecurityCouncilresolutions242and338.

Theagencies(UNICEF,WHO,UNHCR,UNFPA,UNDPandWFP)setoutfirsttopro-videUNRWAwithimmediatematerial,financialandtechnicalsupporttosupple-mentUNRWA’sresources,thushelpinginexpeditingtheurgentandimmediatedeliveryanddistributionofemergencyhumanitariansuppliesboth inNBCandBeddawicamps,untilsuchtimethatadditionalresourcesaremobilizedfromdo-norsthrougha90-DayFlashAppeal.UNDPcontributedwithbothcashandtech-nicalassistance, includingthroughtheLPDC.Atthisfirstmeeting,theagenciesalsodecidedthatthisshouldbeaUNRWAFlashAppeal(notthestandardUNCon-solidatedAppeal),andsetouttosupportUNRWAinitspreparationandlaunch-ing,towhichOCHAcontributedapproximately5miliondollarsinemergencyre-lieffunding.Inadditiontoimmediatereliefneeds,theFlashAppealalsoincludedacomponentforanemergencyrecoveryprogramme.Inthisconnection,UNDPsupportedUNRWAintheplanningofthisemergencyrecoveryprogramme(mineaction,emergencyreconstructionandrepairs, toenableanorganizedreturnofthedisplacedrefugeesoncemilitaryoperationsendedandtherehabilitationofthecampswhichhostedthedisplaced;andcontinuestocontributetotheelabo-rationofthemedium-termreconstructionandrecoveryplan,forwhichGovern-menthasinvitedtheWorldBanktotakealeadingrole,alongwithUNRWA,includ-ingthepossibilityofestablishingaWorldBankTrustFundforthispurpose.

FollowingtheendofmilitaryoperationsinNBC,theGovernmentconvenedado-nors’conferenceon10September2007,atwhichUNRWAlaunchedaone-yearemergencyAppealtoimplementtheemergency“Return”plan,duringwhichthemedium-termplan–envisagingacomprehensiveprogrammetodeveloptheim-poverishedareasinNorthLebanon–willbeelaborated.

Asnotedinothersectionsofthisreport,UNDPalreadyhasalocaldevelopmentprogrammeinnearbyAkkar,MinniehandDinneyeh,throughARTGOLD,whoseprimary aim is the reduction of poverty and regional disparities. Indeed, UNDPalreadycompletedasocio-economicstudyontheJoumehareaofAkkar,outlin-ingitsdevelopmentpotentialandpoverty-reductionstrategy.UNDPalsohashad

El Beddawi Refugees Camp

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adirectpresence innorthLebanonthrough itssub-office inAkkarand, follow-ing the JulyWar, inTripoli as well. Clearly, these are all important elements forprogrammecomplementaritieswithrespecttonationalprioritiesforpromotingbalancedregionaldevelopmentinnorthLebanonandthusimprovingthesocio-economic conditions of the poorer strata of the Lebanese population there, aswellasfor“buildingbackbetter”theNahrelBaredCampfortheeventualsafeandorganizedreturnofthedisplacedrefugeesandimprovingthelivingconditionsinallthePalestinianrefugeecamps,includingenhancingtheirenjoymentofsocial,economicandculturalrightsuntilsuchtimethattheirpoliticalrights,includingtheirrightsofreturntoandnationalself-determinationinPalestine,arefulfilled.

Harmonizing Planning for Sustained recovery and SustainedDevelopment

TheUNAgenciesarecurrentlydevelopinga2007-2008 Transition Recovery Strat-egy,whichwillbepeggedtothefirsttwoyearsofthenationalSocial Action Planunder the government’s medium-term reform programme. As the relevance oftheexistingUNDAF1,whichinitiallycoveredtheperiodbetween2002-2006andwas subsequently twice extended, has diminished substantially in the light ofchangedcircumstances,theUNCTwilljointlyelaboratearecoverytransitionstrat-egyfor2007and2008,representingthetwobridgingyearsbetweentheoriginalUNDAFandtheforthcomingone(2009-2013).

TheUNAgencies’post-warrecoveryprogrammewillcontinuetoseektoaddressboththedirectandindirecteffectsofthewaronthepoorandvulnerable,tohelprestoretheirlivesandlivelihoods,asdoingotherwiseriskscreatingnewdispari-tiesorexacerbatingpre-existingones.

SectorWorking Groups and regular general coordination meetings will remainimportant mechanisms for programme coordination among UN agencies, localauthorities,government,CSOs,NGOsanddonorsinvolvedintherecoveryeffort.Giventhescaleofdevastationtopeople’slivesandlivelihoods,theUNCTrecov-eryprogrammenecessarilyencompassesarangeofinterventionstorespondtosector-specific and cross-sectoral needs and will need to remain flexible in thenear-term2.TheTransitionRecovery Strategy isexpected to lendgreater coher-encetotheUNCTrecoveryprogrammeandtoshapetheparametersbywhichtomeasureitseffectiveness,includingthroughacommonmonitoringandevalua-tionsystem.

Inparallel,theUNCountryTeamhasalsoresumeditsworkontheCommonCoun-tryAssessment(CCA),whichlaystheanalyticalfoundationfordefiningtheUNDe-velopmentAssistanceFrameworkforthe5-yearperiod2009-2013,inpartnershipwithGovernment.WithacommitmenttonationalownershipoftheCCA/UNDAFprocesses,workontheCCAhadbeguninearly2006,withthefullengagementandco-leadershipofgovernmentrepresentativesfrom12lineministriesandallUNagencies,aswellas theparticipationofcivil societyorganizations.TheCCAwas near completion when war broke out and thus required adjustments andupdatingbasedonabroadrangeofsources, includingfindingsemergingfromvarioussurveysandstudiesundertakenbyUNagencieswhichhadbeenawaitedpriortothewar(e.g.,theincomeandexpendituredatafromtheMulti-Purpose Sur-vey, MPS)andthepost-warassessmentsthatGovernment,UNagenciesandoth-ershaveundertaken.TheCCAwillalsodrawonotheravailabledataandanalysesfromgovernmentandothersources.

1 UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) is a nationally led and owned planning and resources framework for the country programmes and projects of agencies in the United Nations system, it is devel-oped on the basis of the analysis contained in the common country assessment.

2 These are posted and will continue to be posted on the UN Resident Coordinator System websites at central and at sub-national levels. See http://www.un.org.lb/


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TheUNDAFwillbepeggedtothelast3yearsofthegovernment’smedium-termreformprogramme,andtakeintoaccounttheworkthatwillbeinitiatedduringthefirsttwoyearsoftheprogrammetoelaborateaSocial Development Strategyanda10-yearvisionforLebanon’sdevelopment,ensuringprogresstowardstheachievementoftherelevantnationalMDGtargets,particularlythereductionofpovertyandotherregionaldisparities,withaspecialemphasisonyouth,employ-ment, health, education, social inclusion, justice and reconciliation, natural re-sourcesmanagement,goodgovernance,humanrightsandtheruleoflaw.

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Annex I

Maps

A. ECHO Projects in Southern Lebanon

ANNEXES

Mazraat Meshref

Taibe

Arzoun

Shhour

Yanouh

El Biyada

Maaliyeh

Zalloutiye

Zahriye

Zabqine

Yarine

Tyre

Toura

TairHarfa

TairFilsay

Tair Debba

Srifa

Siddiqine

Sammaaiye

Salaa

Rmadiyeh

Rechkananey

Ras el Ain

Qasmiye

Qana

OuadiJilou

Naqoura

Mjadel

Marouahine

Mansouri

Malkeit es Sahel

Majdel Zoun

Mahrouneh

Maaroub

Maarake

Maachouq

Knisse

Jouaya

Jebbain

Jbal el Botm

Jannata

Haumeiri

Hanniye

Hannaouiye

Halloussiye

El Kleile

Derdghaiya

Deir Qanoun en Nahr

DeirQanoun

DeirKifa

DeirAamess

Debaal

Chihine

Chehabiye

Chamaa

Chabriha

Chaaitiyeh

Boustane

Boustane

BourghliyeBorj

Rahhal

Borj ech Chmali

Biyad

Bestiyat

Bedias

Bazouriye

Batouliye

Barich

Bafliye

Ain Baal

AinAbu Aabdalla

Aamrane

Aalma ech Chaab

Aaitit

Aabbassiye

Sejoud

Saidoun

Rihane

Mlikh

Louaiziye

Kfar Jarra

Jezzine

Jernaya

Jarmaq

Aaichiye

Zrariye

Toufahta

Sini

Sarafand

SaksakiyeQaaqaaii es Snoubar

Kharayeb

Kfar Melki

Kaoutariyet es Siyad

Jinjlaya

Insariye

Hartai

Hajje

Ghaziye

Ghassaniye

Bnaafoul

Arzay

Ain Ed Delb

Aadloun

Zefta

Zebdine

Zaoutar elGharbiye

ZaoutarechCharqiye Yohmor

Toul

Sir el Gharbiye

Sarba

Roumine

Qsaibe

Qaaqaait ej Jisr

Nmairiye

Nabatiye el Tahta

Nabatiye el Faouqa

Mazraat Ain Bou Souar

Maifadoun

Kfour

Kfaroue

Kfar Tebnit

Kfar Sir

Kfar Roummane

KfarFila

Jibchit

Jbaa

Jarjouaa

Insar

Houmine et Tahta

Houmineel Faouqa

Harouf

Habbouch

Doueir

Deirez Zahrani

Choukine

Charqiye

Braiqaa

Arnoun

ArabSalim

Ain Qana

Aadchit ech Chqif

Aabba

Touline

Tallouse

Taibe

Souane

Serail

Sarda

Rabbet Talatine

Qsair

Qlaiaa

Qantara

Qabrikha

Mhaibib

Meiss ej Jabal

Markaba

Marjayoun

Majdel Silim

Khiam

Kfar Kila

Houla

Ebel es Saqi

Dibbine

Deir Siriane

Deir Mimas

Borj ElMlouk

Blida

Blat

BeniHaiyane

Baiyouda

Ain AarabMarjaayoun

Aadchit elQsair

Aadaisse

Rachaiyael Foukhar

Ouazzani

Mari

Kfar Hamam

Kfar Chouba

Kaoukaba

Hebbariye

Hasbaiya

Halta

Fardis

Chebaa

Abou Qamba

Yater

Yaroun

Tebnine

Taire

Sribbine

Soultaniye

Safad el Battikh

Rmaich

Ramiye

Rachaf

Qaouzah

Qalaouiye

Maroun er Ras

Kounine

Khirbit Silim

KfarDounine

Kafra

Jmaijime

Haris

Hanine

Hadatha

Ghandouriye

Froun

DeirNtar

Debel Oummiya

Chaqra

Braachit

BorjQalaouiye

BentJbail

Beit Yahoun

BeitLif

Aita Ech Chaab

Ain Ebel

Aaitaroun

Aaitaez Zott

Aainata

Machgara

BEIRUT

NABATYEH

SOUTHLEBANON

MOUNT LEBANON

BEQAA

NORTH LEBANON

Bintjbeil

Tyre Marjeyoun

HasbeyaNabatyehSaida

Jezzine Rashaya

Chouf WesternBeqaa

Aley

BaabdaBeirut

Zahleh

Metn

Keserwan

Jbeil

BsharriBatroun

Koura

Baalbek

ZghartaMiniyeh-Danniyeh Hermel

Akkar

Map Overview

Data Source: Road, administrative boundaries and Settlements: UNCS, SDATL,Europa Technologies.

Contact:website: www.un.org.lb

The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of is frontiers or boundaries.

28 September 2007

Me

di

te

rr

an

ea

nS

ea

0 5 102.5 Kilometers

SYRIAN ARABREPUBLIC

ECHO PROJECTS INSOUTHERN LEBANON

Legend

Mohafaza Boundary (1st admin level)

Kadaa Boundary (2nd admin level) Roads

UNDP / ECHO project (143 Villages)

ECHO/Psychosocial Operations

ECHO/UXOs Clearance Operations

ECHO/DCA-MRE Sessions (20 Villages)

EMDH (15 Villages)

MPDL (16 Villages)TDH (25 Villages)

CBUs Contamination (as of 7 July 2007)

DCA (3 Villages)FSD (3 Villages)HI (3 Villages)MAG (3 Villages)

Total Number of destroyed and damaged houses:

HF

1000 4000500250

Urban area

ECHO/Livlihood ProgrammeACF (13 villages)ICU (18 villages)

ECHO/Shelter ProgrammeNRC (41 villages)

ECHO/Water Programme

Architecte de l'Urgence (4 villages)

ACTED (9 villages)

THW (8 villages)

AVSI (2 villages)

Islamic Relief (9 villages)

Tyre

Bint Jbeil

SOUTH LEBANON

Marjeyoun

Hasbaya

NabatiyehSaida

Jezzine

NABATIYEHPremiere Urgence (86 villages)

إن الدلالات المستعملة و عرض المواد على هذه الخريطة لا تعّبرعن أي رأي للأمانة العامة للامم المتحدة فيما يتعلق بالوضع القانوني لأي بلد أو أرض أو مدينة أو منطقة أو فيما يتعلق بالسلطة المولجة بها أو فيما يتعلق بحدودها الجغرافية أو حدودها مع الدول المجاورة

Village name

Symbologydistribution

�0


Bintjbeil

Tyre

Marjeyoun Hasbeya

Nabatyeh

Saida

Jezzine

Chouf

NABATYEH

SOUTHLEBANON

Rachaiya

Tyre

Bint Jbeil

Hasbaiya

Marjayoun

Jezzine

Saida

Nabatiyé

SrifaMaaroubTaibe

Meiss ej Jabal

Majdel Silim

Khiam

KfarKila

KfarChouba

Tebnine

Khirbit Silim

Bent Jbail

Aita Ech Chaab

Aaitaroun

Aainata

Syrian ArabRepublic

Me d

i t er r

an

ea

nS

ea



Legend

Mohafaza Center

RoadsKadaa Boundary (2nd admin level)

Kadaa Center

Urban area

International Boundary


Total Number of Destroyed and Damaged Houses

400020001000

8 May 2007

DAMAGED ASSESSMENTMAP OF SOUTH LEBANON

إن الدلالات المستعملة و عرض المواد على هذه الخريطة لاتعّبرعن أي رأي للأمانة العامة للامم المتحدة فيما يتعلق بالوضع القانوني لأي بلد أو أرض أو مدينة أو منطقة أو فيما يتعلق بالسلطة المولجة بها أو فيما يتعلق بحدودها الجغرافية أ و حدودها مع الدول المجاورة

B. Damaged assessment of South Lebanon

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Saida

Nabatiyé

Rachaiy

Tyre

Bint Jbeil

Hasbaiya

Marjayoun

Jezzine

NABATYEH

SOUTHL EBANON

MOUNT LE BANON

BEQAA

Bint jbeil

Tyr e

Mar j eyoun

Hasbeya

Nabat yeh

Saida

Jezzi ne

Rashaya

Chouf

West er nBeqaa

Syrian ArabRepublic

Me d

i t er r

an

ea

nS

ea



Legend

Mohafaza Center

RoadsKadaa Boundary (2nd admin level)

Kadaa Center

Urban area

International Boundary


Grants to Municipalities (Settled Amount)Period: September 2006 - April 2007

Less than 20.000 U.S.D

More than 20.000 U.S.D

8 May 2007

إن الدلالات المستعملة و عرض المواد على هذه الخريطة لا تعّبرعن أي رأي للأمانة العامة للامم المتحدة فيما يتعلق بالوضع القانوني لأي بلد أوأرض أو مدينة أو منطقة أو فيما يتعلق بالسلطة المولجة بها أو فيما يتعلق بحدودها الجغرافية أو حدودها مع الدول المجاورة

UNDP Early Recovery Activities-Support to Municipalities in South Lebanon-

C. Support to Municipalities in South Lebanon

Anexxes

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Annex II

Name of Report Lead Agency Link Comment

ImpactoftheWaron ILOHousehold

DamageandEarlyRecover FAO http://www.un.org.lb/unnewfilesreportsNeedsAssessmentof /FAO%20Damage%20and%20Early%20agriculture,Fisheries Recovery%20Needs%20Assessment%20andForestry of%20Agriculture%20Fisheries%20and %20Forestry%20-%20Nov06.pdf

Post-conflictDecentwork ILO http://www.un.org.lb/unnew/files/reportsProgrammeforLebanon /ILO%20Post%20Conflict%20Decent%20 Work%20Programme%20for%20Lebanon %20-%20Sept%2006.pdf

LebanonCrisisService WHO http://www.un.org.lb/unnew/files/repoAvailabilityAssessment rts/Lebanon_Crisis_Service_Availability_ Assessment_29Aug06%5B1%5D.pdf

LebanonCrisisService WHO IntheprocessofAvailabilityAssessment beingfinalized(phase2)

LebanonrapidEnvironmental UNDP http://www.un.org.lb/unnew/files/reports/AssessmentforGreening Lebanon%20Rapid%20Environment%20-RecoveryReconstruction %20UNDP.pdfandReform2006

TheNationalSurveyof UNDP http://www.cas.gov.lb/pdf/ENG.pdfHouseholdLivingConditions2004 Completed

“MappingofLivingConditions UNDP http://www.socialaffairs.gov.lb/files/DFinLebanonbetween1995and2004 comparativemapping(Acomparisonwiththeresultsofthe“MappingofLivingConditions”1998 Completed

SocialActionPlan UNDP http://www.socialaffairs.gov.lb/files/Social ActionPlanEnglish.pdf

ImpactofwaronSMEs UNDP Awaiting Finalization

Assessmentonthe UNIDO BeingRevisedAgro-IndustrySector

LiNkS To FiNALizEd ANd oNGoiNG ASSESSMENTS ANd SuRvEyS FoR 2007

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3 The list of assessments which are the basis for this report are not officially available as of today

LebanonEconomicandSocial WB http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/ImpactAssessment- default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2007FromRecoveryto /04/03/000090341_20070403112518/RendeSustainableGrowth/ red/PDF/393160LB0ESIA11ver0P10390701summaryreport3 PUBLIC1.pdf Asummaryreport

AssessmentofImpactofWar UNFPA BeingRevisedonWomenandGirlsinPostConflictAreaswithEmphasisonProtectionandGenderBasedViolence

AssessmentofImpactofWar UNFPA BeingRevisedontheElderly

AssessmentofImpactofWar UNFPA BeingRevisedontheDisabled

AssessmentofImpactofWar UNFPA BeingRevisedonFemaleHeadsofHouseholds

MICS UNICEF On-going

Name of Report Lead Agency Link Comment

Anexxes

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Annex III

LinkstoSourceDocumentationandfurtherreading

UnitedNationsOfficefortheCoordinationofHumanitarianAffairs(2006),LebanonCrisisFlashAppeal

http://ochadms.unog.ch/quickplace/cap/main.nsf/h_Index/Flash_2006_LebanonCrisis/$FILE/Flash_2006_LebanonCrisis.doc?OpenElement

RepublicofLebanon(2006), ImpactoftheJulyOffensiveonthepublicfinancesin2006,BriefPreliminaryReport.August30,2006

http://www.rebuildlebanon.gov.lb/documents/ImpactonfinanceReport-Englishversion-06.pdf

RepublicofLebanon(2006),settingthestageforlongtermreconstruction:Thenationalearlyrecoveryprocess,StockholmConferenceforLebanon’sEarlyRecovery.31August2006

http://www.lebanonundersiege.gov.lb/Documents/StockholmConferenceDocument.pdf

WorldBank(2006),EconomicandSocialImpactAssessment(ESIA)

http://intresources.worldbank.org/INTLEBANON/Resources/ESIA-Report-Final-Draft-012007.pdf

Republic of Lebanon (2006), Lebanon: On the Road to Reconstruction and Recovery, aPeriodicReportpublishedbythePresidencyoftheCouncilofMinistersonthepost-July2006Recovery&ReconstructionActivities,FirstIssue,21November2006

http://www.rebuildlebanon.gov.lb/images_Gallery/On%20the%20Road%20to%20Reconstruction%20and%20RecoveryEn.pdf

RepublicofLebanon(2006),Summary of Damage and Reconstruction Figures

http://www.rebuildlebanon.gov.lb/english/f/Page.asp?PageID=1000017

RepublicofLebanon(2007),Recovery,ReconstructionandReform“InternationalConferenceforSupporttoLebanon”,25January2007,Paris

http://www.rebuildlebanon.gov.lb/images_Gallery/Paris%20III%20document_Final_Eng%20Version.pdf

RepublicofLebanon(2007),SocialActionPlanTowardStrengtheningSocialSafetyNetsandAccessToBasicSocialServices,January2007

http://www.rebuildlebanon.gov.lb/images_Gallery/SocialActionPlanEnglishEn220107.pdf

RepublicofLebanon(2007),ParisIII-FirstProgressReportRepublicofLebanon,Ministryoffinances

http://www.rebuildlebanon.gov.lb/images_Gallery/Paris%20III%20First%20Progress%20Report.pdf

RepublicofLebanon(2007),Grants and Soft Loans - Updated on July 12, 2007

http://www.rebuildlebanon.gov.lb/images_Gallery/Grants&SoftLoans120707.mht

RepublicofLebanon(2007),SecondProgressReportonthe“InternationalConferenceforSupporttoLebanon–ParisIII”

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Annex IV

Testimonials

Hassan Mohamad Saleh, known as Hajj Abou Nazih, a 56 year-old farmer from Adshit in Tyre Kadaa

Duringthewar,hefledwithhisfamilytoSaidabecauseAdshitwasconstantlyandheavilybombed.Onthe14thofAugust2006, immediatelyfollowingthecease-fire,hereturnedtohisvillage,onlytofindthathishousewasseverelycontaminatedbyclusterbombslit-teredontheroofandinthesurroundingfields.Despitethedanger,herefusedtoleaveandstayedathishome.

Thewaralsodamagedhisvillage’swaterinfrastructure,andthiswinter,HajjAbouNazih’shousewasfloodedwithrainwater.Thedamagewassogreatthattheroadleadingtohishousewascontinuouslyflooded.Somenightstherainbecamesobadthatthewaterin-vadedHajjAbouNazih’shouse,wakinguphisfamilyinthemiddleofthenighttocleanitup.

UNDP’sprojectwiththeNabatiehmunicipalityensuredthatthestormwaterdrainswerecompletelyrestored–drainingtheroadandre-attachingthedrainagenetworktoallthehousesinthevillage.

“Nowmywife,daughterandIcansleepatnightwithoutbeingafraidofwakingupinafloodofwater.Evenourneighbourscannowwalktotheirhousesandtherainwaterisnolongerathreattothemortous.AllofthisisduetotheUNDP’squickinterventioninourvillage,”saidHajjAbouNazih.

A Mayor’s Perspective: Nicolas M. Farah, Mayor of Alma Al Chaab? Kadaa

‘’Duringthislastwar,IremainedinthevillageuntilJuly27,helpingthefamilieswithfooddistribution,securingasafeplaceforthechildrenandensuringtheirevacuationtosafervillagesortoBeirut,’’explainedMr.Farah.“Ourvillagewasdamagedduringthe lastwar,however,UNDPwasalwaysaprimesupporterforus;UNDPwasherewhenweneededthem. UNDP acted quickly and implemented its intervention as soon as the hostilitiesstopped,’’saidMr.Farah,whoalsopraisedthemonitoringsystemset-upbyUNDP.‘’UNDP’scapacityforconstantsupervision,follow-upandtechnicalassistancewilllimitanywastingofresourcesandfunding.

“Moreover,”headded,“Ibelievethatthedirectcoordinationwithlocalauthoritiesinthevil-lages-andthelongexperienceoftheUNDPfieldofficersandtheirknowledgeoftheareaanditsneeds-isthereasonofeffectivenessandapproachingtheproject’sgoal.”

Saleh Family (Aadsheet)

Nicolas M. Farah, Mayor of Alma Al Chaab

Anexxes

�6


SupporttotheMinistryofEconomy&Trade MinistryofEconomy&Trade 6,088,856

FiscalReformandManagement MinistryofFinance 18,326,949

SupporttoIDAL IDAL 1,581,910

SupporttoDecisionMakingatthe PrimeMinister’sOffice PrimeMinisterOffice 3,129,962

SupportauxStructuresduParlement LebaneseParliament 1,054,314

IntegratingHumanRightsandthe MDGsintheLegislativeProcess LebaneseParliament 85,000

SupporttoCivilServiceReform(OMSAR) OMSAR 8,225,598

SupporttotheNationalDeminingOffice MinistryofDefense/NDO 750,327

LaunchingtheNationalE-StrategyforLebanon OMSAR 264,405

LegalResearchCenter MinistryofJustice 123,450

TowardsaNationalDialogueonCorruption LebaneseTransparency Association 150,724 NationalHumanDevelopmentReport CDR 297,153

TransferofKnowledgeThrough ExpatriateNationals(TOKTEN) CDR 184,999

ElectoralAssistanceforElectoralReforminLebanon DEX 1,033,970

ImprovingAccesstoJustice MinistryofJustice 200,000

SupporttotheLebanesePalestinianWorkingGroup PrimeMinisterOffice/ SpecialCommission 185,324

EnergyEfficiency MinistryofEnergy&Water 3,403,015

MethyleBromidePhaseOut MinistryofEnvironment 2,193,715

StableInstitutionalStructurefor ProtectedAreasManagement(SISPAM) MinistryofEnvironment 361,339

Annex V

Project Title implementing Partner Total Budget

regularProgramme(Nonrecovery)ProjectList

GovERNANCE PoRTFoLio


ENERGy ANd ENviRoNMENT PoRTFoLio

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Anexxes

InstitutionalSupporttotheDirectorateGeneral oftheMinistryofEnvironment MinistryofEnvironment 41,033

NationalEnvironmentActionPlan MinistryofEnvironment 25,000

IntegratedwastemanagementforOliveOil* MinistryofEnvironment 753,132

NationalPhaseOutManagementPlanforCFC MinistryofEnvironment 1,925,235

NationalCapacitySelfAssessment(NCSA) MinistryofEnvironment 200,000

2ndNationalCommunicationtotheUNGCCC MinistryofEnvironment 405,000

LocalLevalNAPImplementation MinistryofAgriculture 120,180

UNCCDFinancingStrategy MinistryofAgriculture 50,040

EnhancingMarketAccess MinistryofAgriculture 98,040

MedicinalPlants MinistryofAgriculture 323,883

EnvironmentalLegislation MinistryofJustice 397,000

SocioEconomicRehabilitation CDR 4,340,761

UnitedNationsReintegrationandSocio-Economic oftheDisplacedProgramme MinistryofDisplaced 4,042,286

LocalizingtheMDGs MinistryofDisplaced 50,000

RegionalDevelopmentinAkkar CDR 584,391

CapacityBuildingforPovertyReduction MinistryofSocialAffairs 2,400,586

SupporttotheAchievementoftheMDGs NationalCounterparts 500,000


ENERGy ANd ENviRoNMENT PoRTFoLio

Title Executing Agency Total Budget

PRo-PooR ANd SoCiAL PoRTFoLio

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recovery

Recovery focuses on the restoration of the capacity of national institutions andcommunitiestorecoverfromacrisis.Insodoing,itseekstocatalyzelong-termsustaineddevelopmentandstability. Suchactivitiesmay last twotothreeyears. “EarlyRecovery”activities immediately follow a crisis, consisting of quick impact projects of often six totwelve months in duration and encompasses activities in support of restoring lives andlivelihoods,includingthereintegrationofdisplacedpopulations.Bothrecoveryandearlyrecoveryactivitiesarefoundedondevelopmentprinciples,aimto“buildbackbetter”,andattempt to address underlying risks, including of social exclusion and marginalization.TheseareconsistentwiththeMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDGs).

restoringLivesandLivelihoods

“Restoration of lives” is not about “saving lives.” The latter is purely a humanitarianintervention. Restoration of lives is about establishing the enabling conditions for war-affectedpeopletopickupthepiecesandstrengthentheircopingstrategies;ithastodowithregainingaccesstobasicservices–waterandsanitation,healthcare,education,socialwelfare,etc.

“Restoration of Livelihoods” is about re-establishing, reinforcing or preserving theunderpinningsoftheeconomicsystemsuponwhichhouseholdsandcommunitiesdependfortheirlivingandtomakethemviableandsustained.

It is a people-centered approach and a measure of sustained recovery for sustaineddevelopment.

Mineaction

Mineactionincludesactivitieswhichaimtoeliminatethedangerofminesandexplosiveremnants of war (ERW) to lives, livelihoods and the environment. It includes: mine andERW awareness and risk reduction education; minefield survey, mapping, marking, andclearance; post-clearance socio-economic rehabilitation, victims’ assistance, includingrehabilitationandreintegration;advocacytostigmatizetheuseoflandminesandsupportatotalbanonanti-personnellandmines;stockpiledestruction.

Peacebuilding

Peacebuilding is inter-dependent with inclusive and equitable development, povertyreductionandsocialjustice,enjoymentofhumanrightsandrespectfortheruleoflaw.Itisaprocessthathelpstoaddresstherootcausesofsocialexclusionandviolentcivilconflictorpreventtheirrecurrence.

Glossary