undp - sabah human development statistics
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UNDP report on Sabah development statistics showing Sabah as the poorest state in MalaysiaTRANSCRIPT
Sabah’s Human Development
Progress and Challenges
United Nations Development Programme
Richard LeeteUN Resident Coordinator for Malaysia
UNDP Resident Representative for Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei Darussalam
January 7, 2008Kuala Lumpur
Figure 1
Bumiputera76.5%
Chinese21.3%
Others2.2%
non-citizens24.8%
Chinese9.7%
Other Bumiputera
14.6%
Malays12.2%
Bajau13.0%
Murut 3.2%
Kadazan Dusun17.5%Others
4.8%
Population 1970: 653.6 thousand
Population 2005: 3015.2 thousand
Bumiputera 60.7%
Sabah’s population size and composition, 1970 and 2005 Sources of data: Malaysia, Department of Statistics, State/District Data Bank 2005; General Report of the Population Census, Volume 1, 1980
0 20 40 60 80 100
MALAYSIA
Kuala Lumpur
Pulau Pinang
Perak
Terengganu
Johor
Melaka
N. Sembilan
Pahang
Sabah
Sarawak
Kelantan
Kedah
Selangor
Perlis
Percentage of population in urban area
1970Progress
2005
(%)
Figure 2
Figure 3
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
Selangor
Johor
Sabah
Sarawak
Perak
Kedah
Kuala Lum pur
Pulau P inang
Kelantan
Pahang
Terengganu
N . Sem bilan
M elaka
Perlis
RuralUrban
Population in m illions
66.2%
39.7%
33.4%
70.0%
56.1%
43.2%
59.2%
34.9%
79.8%
49.5%
49.2%
88.3%
49.8%
100.0%
Percentage of population urban, Malaysia, 1970 and 2005 Sources of data: Department of Statistics, General Report of the Population, Volume 1, 1980;
Ninth Malaysia Plan, 2006-2010.
Population in Urban and Rural area, 2005 Source of data: Malaysia, Department of Statistics.
Figure 4
42.430.7
42.350.1
12.1
21.2
51.331.6
7.031.6
14.88.5
3.0
2.9
3.53.6
0.7
30.210.3
2.1
0
20
40
60
80
100
Sabah Sarawak Selangor Malaysia
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Construction
Services
(%)Per capita GDP
RM9,286*Per capita GDP
RM11,978*Per capita GDP
RM4,868*Per capita GDP
RM9,746*
Contribution to GDP by kind of economic activity, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor and Malaysia, 2004 Sources of data: http://www.ids.org.my/indicators/ecoindicators2.htm http://www.spu.sarawak.gov.my/publications.php?lang=eng http://ssic.com.my/ Department of Statistics, Yearbook of Statistics 2006 Note: *Constant 1987 prices
19.0 21.2 21.3 19.7
3.23.3
2.8 4.2 4.64.7
7.812.6
17.5 19.93.2
6.25.9 7.5
4.8
9.111.4 12.6
56.141.9
34.0 31.8
2.20.9
0.50.3
0.6
0.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1980 1991 2000 2004
Agriculture, hunting, forestryand fishing
Mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade,hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage andcommunications
Finance, insurance, real estate,renting and business activities
Community, social andpersonal services
Others and unknown
(%)
0 5 0 1 0 0
1 5 -1 9
2 0 -2 4
2 5 -2 9
3 0 -3 4
3 5 -3 9
4 0 -4 4
4 5 -4 9
5 0 -5 4
5 5 -5 9
6 0 -6 4
05 01 0 0
E mployed
Population
FemalesM ales
Population in thousands0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0
1 5 -1 9
2 0 -2 4
2 5 -2 9
3 0 -3 4
3 5 -3 9
4 0 -4 4
4 5 -4 9
5 0 -5 4
5 5 -5 9
6 0 -6 4
01 02 03 04 05 0
FemalesM ales
Population in thousands
citizens non-citizens
Figure 6
Figure 5 Employed population by age group, Sabah, 2000 Employed population distribution by industry category, Sabah, 1980 to 2004 Sources of data: Department of statistics, Population Report for Administrative District, Occupation and Industry, Census 1980, 1991; Economic Characteristics of the Population, Census 2000; State/District Data Bank 2005
29.1 27.0 24.5
42.8
18.8
3.12.8 9.0
3.8 6.24.5
7.8
6.3
13.620.1
15.6
16.2
39.22.7
7.1
4.3
3.66.4
5.9
10.4
8.124.236.8
13.57.8
4.2
2.5
9.6
9.7
0.30.3
0.3
0.1
0.3
39.5
0
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
K adazanDusun
Bajau O thersIndigenous
M alays Chinese
A griculture, hunting, forestryand fishing
M ining and quarrying
M anufacturing
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade,Hotels and restaurants
T ransport, storage andcommunications
Finance, insurance, realestate, renting and businessactivitiesCommunity, social andpersonal services
O thers and unknown
( % )
Figure 7
Figure 8
20.620.8 23.4 22.3
3.2
13.76.44.6 4.4
8.1
5.817.5
16.5
17.0
17.85.9 8.9
7.2
7.111.4 13.7
25.6
21.7
34.0 31.2
15.2
3.6
0.3
0.2
0.70.3
3.9
0
20
40
60
80
100
Sabah Sarawak Selangor MALAYSIA
Agriculture, hunting, forestryand fishing
Mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade,Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage andcommunications
Finance, insurance, real estate,renting and business activities
Community, social andpersonal services
Others and unknown
(%)
Employed population distribution by industry category and by ethnic group, Sabah, 2000 Employed population distribution by industry category, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor and Malaysia, 2000 Source of data: Department of Statistics, Economic Characteristics of the Population, Census 2000
> 20
< 5
Households living below poverty line (%) 2004
31
10
1012
94
8
309
3017
15.4
4
21.8
1.41.5
1
10.60.3
76.3
1990
15-2010-14.95-9.9
19
4.9
21 7.5
2330
Sources of data: Ninth Malaysia Plan and Seventh Malaysia Plan
1990 2004
Figure 9 Reduction in poverty in all states
Figure 10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1970 '76 '84 '90 '95 2004
Ho
use
ho
lds b
elo
w p
overt
y lin
e
Johor Melaka Negeri Sembilan Selangor Perak
Pulau Pinang Perlis Kedah Kelantan Terengganu
Pahang Sabah Sarawak Kuala Lumpur MALAYSIA
Malaysia
Sabah
Malaysia
Sabah
Malaysia
Sabah
Sabah
KelantanMalaysia
Malaysia
Malaysia
Sabah
Terengganu
PerakKedahPerlis
Sarawak
Pulau Pinang
(%)
PahangMelaka
JohorK. Lumpur
N.SSelangor
Sources of data: EPU, Malaysia Five Year Plans, Various Years; 2nd and 3rd Outline Perspective Plan.
Incidence of poverty by state, 1970 to 2004
Ever attendedschool
90%
Never attendedschool
21%
Never attendedschool
17%
Never attendedschool
10%
Never attendedschool
5%
Ever attendedschool
79%
Ever attendedschool
83%
Ever attendedschool
95%
Malaysia
19,206.2 thousands
2,142.3 thousands
1,707.0 thousands
3,438.5 thousands
Sabah
Sarawak
Selangor
Primary 38%
Secondary 53%
Tertiary 9%
Primary 45%
Secondary 50%
Tertiary 5%
Primary 44%
Secondary 51%
Tertiary 5%
Primary 31%
Secondary 54%
Tertiary 15%
Figure 11 Educational attainment of persons aged 6 and over by level, 2000 Source of data: Computed from Department of Statistics, Education and Social Characteristics of the Population, 2000,
Figure 12 Educational attainment aged 6 and over by ethnic group, Sabah, 2000
Never attendedschool20%
O ther Indigenous
38 2, 2 75
3 89, 98 8
2 75, 22 1
24 4, 703
Kadazan/Dusun
Bajau
Malays
Primary 47%
Secondary 50 %
Tertiary 3%
Primary 41%
Secondary 54 %
Tertiary 5%
Primary 46%
Secondary 51 %
Tertiary 3%
Primary 37%
Secondary 55%
Tertiary 8%
Ever attendedschool80%
Never attendedschool15%
Ever attendedschool85%
Never attendedschool2 1%
Ever attendedschool79%
Never attendedschool
8%
Ever attendedschool92%
Never attendedschool
7%
Ever attendedschool93%
2 29, 40 2
Primary 30%
Secondary 62%
Tertiary 8%
Chinese
Source of data: Computed from Department of Statistics, Education and Social Characteristics of the Population, Census 2000
70 80 90 100
Sabah
Sarawak
Kelantan
Terengganu
Kedah
Perlis
Perak
Johor
Melaka
Pahang
Negeri Sembilan
Pulau Pinang
SelangorFederal Territory
MALAYSIA
Literacy rate of persons aged 10 and over
(%)
Progress
20001991
Kuala Lumpur
Figure 13
85 90 95 100
Sabah
Sarawak
Pahang
Kelantan
Johor
Perak
Terengganu
Selangor
Melaka
Negeri Sembilan
Kedah Federal Territory
Pulau Pinang
Perlis
MALAYSIA
Literacy rate of 15 to 24 year olds(%)
Progress20001991
Kuala Lumpur
Literacy rate of Malaysian citizens, 1991 and 2000 Sources of data: Computed from, Department of Statistics; Education and Social Characteristics of the Population, Census 2000; Report of the Population Census, various states, Census 1991.
0
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
1 5 -1 9 2 0 -2 4 2 5 -2 9 3 0 -3 4 3 5 -3 9 4 0 -4 4 4 5 -4 9 5 0 -5 4 5 5 -5 9 6 0 -6 4
( % )
Chinese
M alaysK adazan Dusun
O ther Indigenous
Ever
bee
n to
sch
ool
Bajau
Figure 14 Age and community group associated with lack of education in 2000 Source of data: Computed from Department of Statistics, Education and Social Characteristics of the Population, Census 2000
>2015-2010-15<10
Under age 5 deathsPer 1000 births
1990
2118
21
17
16
13
15
12
17
18
12
20
2004
11.512.7
11.0
9.1
10.0
10.7
7.4
7.1
10.0
8.5
9.4
9.8
Figure 15 Child mortality by state, 1990 and 2004
1990 2004
21 3.3
13 7.6
Sources of data: (1) Vital Statistics, Time series, 1963-1998, (2) Vital Statistics, 1990 and 2006, Department of Statistics Malaysia
40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Kuala Lumpur
PerakPulau Pinang
Sabah
SelangorKelantan
TerengannuMelaka
PerlisKedah
PahangN. Sembilan
Sarawak
Johor
MALAYSIA
Measles immunization coverage of infant(%)
Progress20011990
Figure 16 Proportion of infant immunized against measles, 1990 and 2001 Source of data: Ministry of Health; Health in Malaysia – Achievements and Challenges 2000 Note: Government hospital data.
70 80 90 100
Sabah
SarawakKelantan
Terengannu
KedahPahang
Perak
Perlis
Selangor
N. Sembilan
JohorPulau Pinang
Melaka
Kuala Lumpur
MALAYSIA
Deliveries by trained personnel(%)
Progress20021989
050100150
Malaysia
N. SembilanKuala Lumpur
SelangorJohor
Pulau PinangMelaka
PerlisPerak
KelantanKedah
TerengganuPahang
SarawakSabah
1980
Progress2004
Maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 live births
Reversal2004
a
Figure 17 Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel, 1989 and 2002
Figure 18
Sources of data: Ministry of Health; Health in Malaysia – Achievements and Challenges, 2000; Information and Documentation System Unit 2004
Progress in maternal mortality, 1980 and 2004 Sources of data: Department of Statistics, Vital Statistics, 1980 and 2006. Note: Data not available for Sabah and Sarawak in 1980
a Data is for Peninsular Malaysia
50 60 70 80 90 100 (%)
MALAYSIA
Selangor
Melaka
N. Sembilan
Pulau Pinang
Perak
Johor
Sarawak
Sabah
Pahang
Perlis
Kedah
Terengganu
Kelantan
1993Progress
2004
Houses covered with safe water supply
70 75 80 85 90 95 100 (%)
MALAYSIA
Melaka
Pulau Pinang
Johor
Perlis
N. Sembilan
Selangor
Pahang
Perak
Kelantan
Terengganu
Kedah
Sarawak
Sabah
1993Progress
2004
Houses covered with sanitary latrines
Figure 19 Rural water supply coverage, 1993 and 2004
Figure 20
Sources of data: Ministry of Health, Annual Report, 1993; Information and Documentation System Unit, Health Indicator 2004
Rural sanitary latrines coverage, 1993 and 2004 Sources of data: Ministry of Health, Annual Report, 1993; Information and Documentation System Unit, Health Indicator 2004