UNDERWATER LIFE By:

Datcu Tudor RazvanCurt Raluca IoanaComan Catalina AdelinaBelu Irina MihaelaComan Laurentiu

TURTLES

THE GREEN SEA TURTLE

• The green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), also known as the green turtle, black (sea) turtle, or Pacific green turtle, is a large sea turtle of the family Cheloniidae. It is the only species in the genus Chelonia.

• Its range extends throughout tropical and subtropical seas around the world, with two distinct populations in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, but it is also found in the Indian Ocean.

• The common name comes from the usually green fat found beneath its carapace; these turtles' shells are olive to black.

SHARKS

THE HAMMERHEAD SHARK

• The hammerhead sharks are a group of sharks in the family Sphyrnidae, so named for the unusual and distinctive structure of their heads, which are flattened and laterally extended into a "hammer" shape called a cephalofoil.

• The known species range from 0.9 to 6 m in length and weigh from 3 to 580 kg

• They are usually light gray and have a greenish tint. Their bellies are white which allows them to blend into the ocean when viewed from the bottom and sneak up on their prey.

• Their heads have lateral projections which give them a hammer-like shape.

THE GREAT WHITE SHARK• The great white shark averages 4.5 m in length, but some have been recorded as

large as 6 m long! They generally weigh up to 2250 kg

• Great white sharks are blue-gray on the dorsal, or top, part of their bodies. This helps them blend in with the bottom of the ocean when viewed from above. The belly, or ventral, part of the body, is white. This makes it difficult to see the sharks from below, with sunlight shining in around them.

• The great white is at the top of the food chain and has few threats in the ocean. Only orcas and larger sharks can pose a risk. The only other risk to the great white shark is human interaction.

• They are sometimes caught by accident in fishing nets or intentionally sought out by sport fisherman. Their jaws and fins are sold for considerable amounts of money.

THE TIGER SHARK

• Tiger sharks are named for the dark, vertical stripes found mainly on juveniles. As these sharks mature, the lines begin to fade and almost disappear. These large, blunt-nosed predators have a duly earned reputation as man-eaters.

• They are second only to great whites in attacking people. But because they have a near completely undiscerning palate, they are not likely to swim away after biting a human, as great whites frequently do.

CORALS

THE GREAT BARRIER REEF• The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system composed of over

2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over 2,300 kilometres over an area of approximately 344,400 square kilometres. The reef is located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland, Australia.

• The Great Barrier Reef can be seen from outer space and is the world's biggest single structure made by living organisms

• Thirty species of whales, dolphins, and porpoises have been recorded in the Great Barrier Reef, including the dwarf minke whale, Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin, and the humpback whale.

• Large populations of dugongs live there. More than 1,500 fish species live on the reef, including the clownfish, red bass, red-throat emperor, and several species of snapper and coral trout.

DOLPHINS

ORCA• The killer whale or orca (Orcinus orca) is a toothed whale belonging to the

oceanic dolphin family, of which it is the largest member.

• Killer whales are found in all oceans, from Arctic and Antarctic regions to tropical seas.

• Killer whales are highly social; some populations are composed of matrilineal family groups (pods) which are the most stable of any animal species. Their sophisticated hunting techniques and vocal behaviours, which are often specific to a particular group and passed across generations, have been described as manifestations of animal culture.

THE BLACK SEA

STINGRAYS• The common stingray (Dasyatis pastinaca) is a species of stingray in the family

Dasyatidae, found in the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean and Black Seas. It typically inhabits sandy or muddy habitats in coastal waters shallower than 60 m, often burying itself in sediment.

• Usually measuring 45 cm across, the common stingray has a diamond-shaped pectoral fin disc slightly wider than long, and a whip-like tail with upper and lower fin folds.

• The predominant prey of the common stingray are bottom-dwelling crustaceans, though it also takes molluscs, polychaete worms, and small bony fishes. The common stingray can inflict a painful, though rarely life-threatening, wound with its venomous tail spine.

• During classical antiquity, its sting was ascribed many mythical properties.

THE SCORPIONFISH• The black scorpionfish (Scorpaena porcus) is a venomous Scorpionfish, common in

marine subtropical waters. It is widespread in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean from the British Isles to the Azores and Canary Islands, near the coasts of Morocco, in the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.

• It is a monster: a big head covered with skin flaps, protruding red eyes, huge mouth with thick lips. Dorsal fin's rays of scorpaena became poisoned spikes - venom glands locate at the base of each ray. Another couple of hard poisoned prickles grow from gill flaps. These thorns are scorpaena's defense weapon, whereas its weapon of attack is a great many sharp crooked teeth.

• The Scorpion-fish is a predator hiding between rocks and algae, indistinguishable from them due to the camouflage of color spots and skin shreds. Scorpaena waits until smaller fish approach within attacking distance - a violent rush follows and the prey being swallowed within a split second.

SEA HORSES• The long-snouted seahorse is a small-sized fish that can reach a maximum

length of 21.5 cm but the average size is more or less 12 cm. The body is slender, the snout is long and the tail is prehensile. Its color ranges from dark green to different variants of brown to yellow, the body is often speckled with small white dots.

• The long-snouted seahorse has a carnivorous diet and feeds on small crustaceans, larvae, fish eggs and other planktonic organisms. It is ovoviviparous and it is the male who broods the eggs in its ventral brood pouch. When fully grown, pups will be expelled from the pocket and evolve in complete autonomy.

QUIZWhat color is a green sea

turtle’s shell?

Green

Olive

Blue

What parts of the Great White Shark’s body are valuable?

Their Jaws and Fins

Their Teeth

Their Skin

Can the Great Barrier Reef be

seen from space?

Yes

No

Only at night

What family of animals do orcas

belong to?

Whales

Sharks

Dolphins

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!• All information is taken from Wikipedia.com and all images are taken from

Google images.