Understanding the Prompt

Here are two examples

• Sample DBQ prompt: • How successful was organized labor in improving the position

of workers in the period from 1875 to 1900? Analyze the factors that contributed to the level of success achieved.

• Sample Free Response prompt:• Compare and contrast United States foreign policy after the

First World War and after the Second World War. Consider the periods 1919-1928 and 1945-1950.

Tip #1

• The first thing you need to do is to read the ENTIRE prompt, every word of it. This is especially true if the prompt is in two sentences like this one. . .• How successful was organized labor in improving the position of

workers in the period from 1875 to 1900? Analyze the factors that contributed to the level of success achieved.

• The first mistake that many students make is in reading and answering only part of the prompt.

Tip #2

• Having read the ENTIRE prompt, circle or underline the VERBS. These words will give you your task.• How successful was organized labor in improving the position of

workers in the period from 1875 to 1900? Analyze the factors that contributed to the level of success achieved.

• The important verb, and thus your task, is in the second sentence: ANALYZE.

Tip #3

• After finding the verbs, look carefully and mark any CONJUNCTIONS and circle or underline them. For instance• Compare and contrast United States foreign policy after the First

World War and after the Second World War. Consider the periods 1919-1928 and 1945-1950.

• You must compare AND contrast these periods to successfully complete the task. Doing only one or the other will lower your score.

Tip #4

• Go back and look carefully at the VERB in the prompt.

• This word will tell you what you are expected to do.

• The following is a list of commonly used verbs and explanations for the tasks they indicate. These are verbs the College Board has used recently.

Commonly used verbs and verb phrases

• Analyze• Explain how AND why something occurred. Any question

that uses “how” and/or “why” is an analysis question even if the word “analyze” is not in the prompt.

• Assess the validity• How true is the statement. The statement doesn’t have to be

all true; it can be true in one instance or circumstance and false in another.

Commonly used Verbs (continued)

• Evaluate• Which factor was most important. You usually need to rank

several events or factors and specify which is most and which is least significant.

• To what extent• This prompt frequently requires you to specify a cause and

effect relationship and then state which causes were more important.

Commonly used Verbs (continued)

• Compare AND contrast• To do this correctly you need to discuss BOTH similarities

AND differences between two events or periods. It is important to both in a balanced way without shortchanging either.

• Discuss or Consider• These are frequently used in free response prompts. They

should be written as analysis essays.

Tip #5

• After you are clear as to your task (analyze, evaluate, etc.) sketch out a quick, informal outline of how you are going to proceed. This is very important to guaranteeing that you cover the whole prompt.

• For instance, if you were writing the following prompt. . .Compare and contrast United States foreign policy after the First World War and after the Second World War. Consider the periods 1919-1928 and 1945-1950.

• You might jot down a simple “outline” like the one at the right.

• You would list things that were similar in BOTH periods,

• Then list the differences in BOTH periods.

• Your essay would then have either four body paragraphs as indicated by the circles

1919-19281919-1928 1945-19501945-1950

similaritiessimilarities

differencesdifferences

• Or you might have two longer and more involved paragraphs as indicated by the two ovals.

• In either case, you would have organized your thinking so that you cover all of the material you need to cover to address the prompt completely.

1919-19281919-1928 1945-19501945-1950

similaritiessimilarities

differencesdifferences

Lesson 1 Summary

• Read the WHOLE prompt!

• Mark the VERBS and the CONJUNCTIONS in the prompt.

• Think about that verb. What, exactly, are you being asked to do. Consider the whole prompt.

• ORGANIZE your thinking BEFORE you begin writing.