understanding sentences

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Lesson 1 - Lesson 1 - Understanding Understanding Sentences Sentences Is your sentence Is your sentence complete? complete?

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Helps students recognize complete sentences.

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Page 1: Understanding Sentences

Lesson 1 - Lesson 1 - Understanding Understanding

Sentences Sentences

Is your sentenceIs your sentence complete? complete?

Page 2: Understanding Sentences

How can you tell a complete sentence How can you tell a complete sentence from an incomplete sentence? from an incomplete sentence? Usually you tell just by listening.Usually you tell just by listening.

Incomplete Sentence (Fragment)Incomplete Sentence (Fragment)Everyday.Everyday.(What? Who does what everyday? I (What? Who does what everyday? I don’t get it. This is not complete.)don’t get it. This is not complete.)

Page 3: Understanding Sentences

Incomplete Sentence (Fragment)Incomplete Sentence (Fragment)Every day, rain or shine.Every day, rain or shine.

(I don’t care about the weather! Tell (I don’t care about the weather! Tell me who is doing what.)me who is doing what.)

Page 4: Understanding Sentences

Complete SentenceComplete Sentence

Jimmy hunts.Jimmy hunts.

(This is a very simple sentence, but it (This is a very simple sentence, but it has a subject [Jimmy] and a verb has a subject [Jimmy] and a verb [hunts]. We know what happened [hunts]. We know what happened and who did it.)and who did it.)

Page 5: Understanding Sentences

Complete SentenceComplete Sentence

Jimmy hunts everyday.Jimmy hunts everyday.

(Here is the same sentence with a (Here is the same sentence with a little more information. There’s no little more information. There’s no confusion here.)confusion here.)

Page 6: Understanding Sentences

Complete SentenceComplete Sentence

Jimmy hunts everyday, rain or shine.Jimmy hunts everyday, rain or shine.

(Here is the same sentence with even (Here is the same sentence with even more information, and it’s still very more information, and it’s still very clear.)clear.)

Page 7: Understanding Sentences

A complete sentence must have a subject A complete sentence must have a subject and a predicate. The subject tells and a predicate. The subject tells whowho or or whatwhat does the action, and the predicate does the action, and the predicate contains the contains the verbverb and tells and tells whatwhat the the action is.action is.

A verb is a word that expresses one of two A verb is a word that expresses one of two things:things:

Action: jump, scream, fly, runAction: jump, scream, fly, run State of being: appear, seem, feelState of being: appear, seem, feel

Page 8: Understanding Sentences

A subject can be any of the following things:A subject can be any of the following things: The person who does the action in the The person who does the action in the

sentence. Grandpa sells goods in his sentence. Grandpa sells goods in his general store.general store.

The place that does the action in the The place that does the action in the sentence. The general store swarms with sentence. The general store swarms with people before the Fourth of July people before the Fourth of July celebration. celebration.

The thing that does the action in the The thing that does the action in the sentence. Flour and sugar are mixed sentence. Flour and sugar are mixed together to make cookies.together to make cookies.

Page 9: Understanding Sentences

The person described in the The person described in the sentence. Grandpa is happy when he sentence. Grandpa is happy when he makes a good sell.makes a good sell.

The place being described in the The place being described in the sentence. The general store is sentence. The general store is crowded on Saturday.crowded on Saturday.

The thing being described in the The thing being described in the sentence. Cookies are best when the sentence. Cookies are best when the flour and sugar are fresh.flour and sugar are fresh.

Page 10: Understanding Sentences

Subjects may come in different forms:Subjects may come in different forms: One noun as the subject – One noun as the subject – JimmyJimmy wants a wants a

coon hound.coon hound. Two nouns as a subject – Two nouns as a subject – Buster and Buster and

DukeDuke are two dogs. are two dogs. One pronoun as the subject – One pronoun as the subject – HeHe prays prays

each night for dogs.each night for dogs. Two pronouns as the subject – Two pronouns as the subject – He and He and

sheshe are both still awake because of the are both still awake because of the coon hounds.coon hounds.

A phrase – A phrase – Staying awake all nightStaying awake all night is no is no fun.fun.

A clause – A clause – What makes me madWhat makes me mad is all the is all the noise!noise!

Page 11: Understanding Sentences

ClauseClausewhen he gets the moneywhen he gets the money

(This has a subject [he] and a verb (This has a subject [he] and a verb [gets], but you’re left dangling, [gets], but you’re left dangling, aren’t you? It’s not a complete aren’t you? It’s not a complete sentence. This is called a dependent sentence. This is called a dependent clause. It depends on something else clause. It depends on something else to make a complete sentence.to make a complete sentence.

Page 12: Understanding Sentences

Complete SentenceComplete Sentence

Jimmy will buy a dog when he gets the Jimmy will buy a dog when he gets the money.money.

(Now we know what’s going on!)(Now we know what’s going on!)

Page 13: Understanding Sentences

Determine if the following are Determine if the following are complete sentences or complete sentences or

dependent clauses.dependent clauses.1.1. When I left my office that beautiful When I left my office that beautiful

spring day.spring day.2.2. I was walking along whistling when I was walking along whistling when

I heard the dogfight.I heard the dogfight.3.3. About twenty-five feet from me About twenty-five feet from me

they caught him and down he went.they caught him and down he went.4.4. Down on my knees.Down on my knees.5.5. With one final whimper.With one final whimper.6.6. Where the alley emptied into the Where the alley emptied into the

street, he stopped and looked back.street, he stopped and looked back.

Page 14: Understanding Sentences

7.7. As I watch him disappear in the As I watch him disappear in the twilight shadows.twilight shadows.

8.8. Whatever it was that had Whatever it was that had interrupted his life, he was trying to interrupted his life, he was trying to straighten it out.straighten it out.

9.9. As I turned to enter my yard.As I turned to enter my yard.

10.10. As I caressed the smooth surfaces, As I caressed the smooth surfaces, my mind drifted back through the my mind drifted back through the years, back to my boyhood days.years, back to my boyhood days.

Page 15: Understanding Sentences

PhrasePhrase

the sound of the houndsthe sound of the hounds

(We just saw that a clause has a (We just saw that a clause has a subject and a verb. There’s no verb subject and a verb. There’s no verb here; this is called a phrase. It could here; this is called a phrase. It could be the start of a great sentence, but be the start of a great sentence, but it needs some help. It needs some it needs some help. It needs some action.)action.)

Page 16: Understanding Sentences

Complete SentenceComplete Sentence

The sound of the hounds echoed in The sound of the hounds echoed in Jimmy’s mind even after the night Jimmy’s mind even after the night quieted.quieted.

(Now there’s some action! It makes a (Now there’s some action! It makes a very clear, complete sentence.)very clear, complete sentence.)

Page 17: Understanding Sentences

Tell which part of the sentence Tell which part of the sentence (subject or predicate) is missing in (subject or predicate) is missing in the sentence fragments below:the sentence fragments below:

1.1. A whole bucketful of tears. A whole bucketful of tears.

2.2. My dog-wanting. My dog-wanting.

3.3. Bawling and yelling for Mama. Bawling and yelling for Mama.

4.4. Had a talk with him. Had a talk with him.

Page 18: Understanding Sentences

Let’s build a few sentences.Let’s build a few sentences.PhrasePhrase

Young JimmyYoung Jimmy

Dependent ClauseDependent Clause

by the time hunting season was overby the time hunting season was over

Complete SentenceComplete SentenceBy the time hunting season was over, By the time hunting season was over,

young Jimmy was a nervous wreck.young Jimmy was a nervous wreck.

Page 19: Understanding Sentences

PhrasePhraseour cat Jakeour cat JakeDependent ClauseDependent Clausewith one loud squallwith one loud squallComplete SentenceComplete SentenceWith one loud squall, our cat Jake With one loud squall, our cat Jake

scooted under the couch.scooted under the couch.

Page 20: Understanding Sentences

PhrasePhrase

the glow of the firethe glow of the fire

Dependent ClauseDependent Clause

as I sat there in silenceas I sat there in silence

Complete SentenceComplete Sentence

As I sat there in silence, the glow of As I sat there in silence, the glow of the fire grew larger.the fire grew larger.

Page 21: Understanding Sentences

PhrasePhrase

sparkled like a white star in the heavenssparkled like a white star in the heavens

Dependent ClauseDependent Clause

as I struck a matchas I struck a match

Complete SentenceComplete Sentence

As I struck a match, the smaller cup As I struck a match, the smaller cup sparkled like a white star in the sparkled like a white star in the heavens.heavens.

Page 22: Understanding Sentences

Practice – Complete Practice – Complete Sentence or Sentence Sentence or Sentence

Fragment?Fragment?

1.1. I found some slick little trails out in I found some slick little trails out in the garden down under some hostas. the garden down under some hostas.

2.2. Once I decided to make friends with Once I decided to make friends with him. him.

3.3. Thinking they were game trails. Thinking they were game trails.

4.4. Mama had another talk with Papa. Mama had another talk with Papa.

Page 23: Understanding Sentences

Go to your Student PacketGo to your Student Packet and and completecomplete Lesson 1 Practice Lesson 1 Practice for Englishfor English..

Page 24: Understanding Sentences

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