understanding sentence patterns - palomar college · all sentences must contain a subject and a...
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UNDERSTANDING SENTENCE PATTERNS
Chapter 2 Section 1 Clauses
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What is the definition of a sentence?
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TRADITIONAL
DEFINITION
A group of words that contains a subject and a verb.
RIGHT?
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Yes … and no.
Let’s test it out.
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Is this a sentence?
Because he was sleeping
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It contains a subject (he)
And a verb phrase (was sleeping)
but that word “because” confuses things…
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Because he was
sleeping…what?
Did he miss his show?
Was he late for work?
I don’t understand.
Tell me more!
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All sentences must contain a subject and a verb.
However, not all groups of words that contain a subject and a verb qualify as a sentence.
Which is why we need a new definition of a sentence.
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NEW DEFINITION “SENTENCE”
A group of words that contains at least one
main clause.
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So what’s a clause?
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A clause is a group of words
that contains at least one
subject and at least one verb.
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Notice that this definition doesn’t say
anything about expressing
a complete thought.
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THAT’S BECAUSE THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF CLAUSES
MAIN CLAUSE
Sometimes called independent
clause
SUBORDINATE CLAUSE
Sometimes called dependent
clause
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MAIN CLAUSE
Matt is an excellent golfer.
This group of words has a subject (Matt)
It has a verb (is)
It expresses a complete thought.
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SUBORDINATE CLAUSE
Although he seldom plays.
This group of words has a subject (he)
It has a verb (plays)
But it does not express a complete thought.
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Combine these clauses
Matt is an excellent golfer
Although he seldom plays
And you not only have a complete thought, you also have created...
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A SENTENCE
(according to our new definition)
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A SENTENCE THAT CONTAINS ONE MAIN CLAUSE AND ONE SUBORDINATE CLAUSE…
Matt is an excellent golfer although he seldom plays.
Or….
Although he seldom plays, Matt is an excellent golfer.
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QUESTION
What makes a clause “subordinate”?
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ANSWER
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS!
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SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Adding a subordinating conjunction changes the meaning of a clause.
Look what happens when you add a subordinating conjunction to a main clause: I eat
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When I eat After I eat
Before I eat Because I eat
Even though I eat Whenever I eat While I eat…
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See what happens?
Suddenly the clause “I eat” is dependent (subordinate) on another clause in order for it to make sense.
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When I eat,, I am happy. After I eat,, I feel sleepy.
Before I eat,, I am a grump. Because I eat,, I get strong.
Even though I eat, I still want more. Whenever I eat,, I get a stomach ache.
While I eat,, I do my homework.
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Learning to recognize subordinators in a sentence
will help you identify subordinate clauses.
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Which in turn will help you become a more
sophisticated writer as you apply these skills to your
own writing.
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Shall we practice?
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Created by Elaine Minamide Fall 2016