understanding medicine

8/3/2019 Understanding Medicine

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UNDERSTANDINGMEDICINE

A medicine is used to prevent or cure diseaseor to relieve pain. Medicine can be classified

into traditional and modern medicines.


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TYPES OF MEDICINE

TRADITIONAL MODERN

1. Derived from plantsand animals withoutinvolvement of chemicalsubstances in chemicalreactions.2. Traditional medicines

usually not processed.

1. Made by scientists in

laboratories basedon substances foundin nature

2. Come in many forms: liquids, powders,capsules and tablets.

3. Many types ofmodern medicine

4. Side effect


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Medicines derived from plants, animals andminerals without involvement of chemical

substances in chemical reactions


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Click each picture below to watch videos on traditional medicine topic


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ALOE VERA

1. To treat skinwounds

2. Ease pain,reduceinflammation,speed up healingrecovery process

Ocimum basilicum(selasih)

To treat cough, colds andbronchitis

Andrographispaniculata(hempedu bumi)

To treat diarrhoea, feverand diabetes


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Orthosiphonaristatus(misai kucing)

Orthosiphonaristatus(misai kucing)

To treat gout, diabetesand rheumatism

Eurycomalongifolia(tongkat ali)

1. To increase malelibido

2. As a tonic forwomen who justgave birth

3. To lessen

stomach pain4. Acts as

healtiness drink

To treatdepression andfor longevity


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Animals that are claimed to have medicinal properties

Medicinal animal function

Sea cucumber (gamat) To treat Japanese

encephalitis and hole in theheart

Centipede To treat lockjaw andconvulsions

Ant To treat hepatitis B

Sea cucumber(gamat)

Centipede

Ant


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MODERNMEDICINE

ANALGESICS ANTIBIOTICS PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC

Analgesics used

to relieve painwithout causingnumbness or

affectingconsciousness.It not treat thecause of the

pain but provideenough relief tocarry out daily

routines.

Used to kill or

slow down thegrowth of

bacteria. Theywill not cureinfectionscaused by

viruses such asflu.

Obtain frommicroorganism

such asbacteria.

Used to alterabnormal

thinking, feelingsor behaviours.

Reduce many ofthe symptoms of

mental illnessand help a

person to get onwith life


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ANALGESICS


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ANALGESICS

Used for pain relief where inflammation involved (e.g arthriticpain and dental pain.

Acidic in nature. Cannot be given to children.ASPIRIN

Taken to relieve mild to moderate pain (e.g headache, muscleand joint pains, backache and period pains.

Can be given to children.PARACETAMOL

Used in headache tablets and in cough medicines.

Synthesised from morphine.

Abuse may lead to addiction, depression and nausea.CODEINE

Paracetamol : Causes skin rashes, blood disorder and acuteinflammation of pancreas when taken for a long time.Overdoseliver damage

Aspirin : give to children with chicken poxbrain and liverdamage. Can cause internal bleeding and ulceration on

stomach wall.

SIDE EFFECTS


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ANTIBIOTICS

Streptomycin


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ANTIBIOTICS

Penicillin

Extracted from fungus penicillium notatum.

Used to cure bacterial diseases (e.g tuberculosis TB and pneumonia).

Importantnote

Penicillin and streptomycin are taken by injection (because acid in stomachbroken down these medicine).

Patient must take all antibiotics according to doctor prescription(to make sureall bacteria is killed).

Streptomycin

Antibiotic produced by soil bacteria of genus (Streptomyces).

Used to treat TB, whooping cough and some form of pneumonia.

Side effects Headache, allergic reaction and diarrhea


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PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC

Stimulant

Antipsychotic

Antidepressant


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PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC

Psychotherapeutic

medicine

Function Example Side effects

Stimulant To reduce fatigueand elevatemood

Methylphenidate,Amphetamine,Dextroamphetamine.

High dose/excess used overlong periods lead to anxiety,hallucinations, depression andpsychological dependence.

Antidepressant

Reduce tensionand anxiety

Tranquilisers Cause drowsiness, lead torespiratory difficulties,sleeplessness, coma,death.

Barbiturates Cause addiction. People whorely on barbiturates because ofinsomnia sometimes killthemselves accidently by takingoverdose.

Antipsychotic To treatpsychiatricillness such asschizophrenia

Chloropromazine,haloperidol andclozapine

Cause drowsiness, rapidheartbeat, dizziness.


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TO BEGIN THE EXERCISES ON THIS SUBTOPIC,

understanding medicine

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