understanding human-mountain lion management strategies using pci jerry j. vaske rebecca howe...
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Understanding Human-Mountain Lion
Management Strategies Using PCI
Jerry J. Vaske
Rebecca Howe
Michael J. Manfredo
Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO
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Context
• Conflicts with mountain lions increasing
– Mountain lion populations increasing
– Human development intruding into lion habitat
– Lions feeding closer to residential areas
– Management actions scrutinized in popular presswhen a human is injured or killed
• Important to evaluate attitudes to mountain lionsand acceptability of alternative mgmt. actions
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Hypotheses
H1: As severity of human–lion interactions increases,
acceptability of destroying a lion increases
H2: As severity of the human–lion interactions increases,
consensus regarding destroying a lion decreases
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Hypotheses
H3: Individuals with positive attitudes toward lions will be less accepting of destroying them regardless of severity of human–lion interaction
H4: Individuals with negative attitudes toward lions will have more consensus toward destroying them as severity of human–lion interaction increases
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Methods
• Mailed survey (3 mailings)
• n = 2,668
• Two random sample populations– Denver metro area (response rate = 50%)
– Denver foothills (response rate = 67%)
• Non-response phone interviewNo statistically significant difference
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Independent VariableAttitude toward Mountain Lions
• Overall, what are your feelings toward mountain lions?
– Beneficial or Harmful
– Good or Bad
– Positive or Negative
• Example response scale
Extremely Negative
Moderately Negative
Slightly Negative Neutral
Slightly Positive
Moderately Positive
Extremely Positive
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
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Reliability Results – Attitude Index
Mean
Corrected Item-Total Correlation
Cronbach Alpha if Item
DeletedCronbach
Alpha
Overall Reliability .835
Positive – Negative 1.65 .646 .818
Good – Bad 1.84 .748 .739
Beneficial – Harmful 1.59 .713 .751
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Attitude Breakdown
Attitude Toward Mountain Lions
Number of Respondents
Percent
Positive 2026 77
Neutral 515 19
Negative 110 4
Total 2651 100
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Management Action Highly Unacceptable Unacceptable
SomewhatUnacceptable Neither
Somewhat Acceptable Acceptable
Highly Acceptable
Monitor the situation -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Frighten the lion away -3 -2 -2 0 1 2 3
Capture and relocate the lion -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Destroy the lion -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Example scenario:Someone reports seeing a lion in your residential area
Given this scenario, how unacceptable or acceptable would it be for wildlife agencies to take each of the following actions.
Dependent VariablesEvaluations of 4 Scenarios
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Dependent VariablesEvaluations of 4 Scenarios
Situations1 Someone reports seeing a mountain lion
in your residential area
A mountain lion has come into your residential area and
2. Kills a pet
3. Attacks and injures a person
4. Attacks and kills a person
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Traditional Display
SightedKills Pet
Injures Person
Kills Person
Mean -2.08 -1.62 .45 1.35
Standard Error .030 .037 .046 .043
Standard Deviation 1.553 1.915 2.387 2.204
Variance 2.412 3.668 5.669 4.858
Skewness -1.817 -1.233 .336 1.043
Kurtosis 2.4 .210 -1.497 -.471
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-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3Highly Acceptable
Neither
Highly Unacceptable
Act
ion
Acc
epta
bili
ty
Injures Person
KillsPerson
Kills Pet
Seenin Area
Overall Acceptability of Destroying Lion
.23.38
.61
.50
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Highly Acceptable
Neither
Highly Unacceptable
Act
ion
Acc
epta
bili
ty
Injures Person
KillsPerson
Kills Pet
Seenin Area
Acceptability of Destroying Lion by Attitude
Negative Attitude
.61
.07
Positive Attitude Neutral Attitude
.20
.42
.14
.41.31
.68
.21 .19
.41
.09
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
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• As severity of human–lion interaction increases:
– Average acceptability of lethal control increases– Consensus for lethal control decreases
• Those with positive attitudes (the majority) are always less accepting of lethal control
• Consensus for lethal control varies by attitude– Positive attitude – consensus decreases with severity– Negative attitude - consensus increases with severity
Summary
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Questions