Understanding drugs & Understanding drugs & medicinesmedicines

Chapter 9.1 Key TermsChapter 9.1 Key Terms ______________________________- any substance that causes a

change in a person’s physical or psychological state

Medicine- Medicine- any any drug used to ____________________ used to ____________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Side effect- Side effect- an effect that is caused by a drug &

that is different from the drug’s intended effect ________________________- ________________________- written order written order

from a doctor for a specific medicinefrom a doctor for a specific medicine Over the counter medicine- Over the counter medicine-

______________ ____________________________________________________________________________

3 qualities of a medicine3 qualities of a medicine

____________________________________________ Safety- Safety- when used as directed ______________________________________________

Drugs of AbuseDrugs of Abuse

Drugs that people Drugs that people take for take for ________________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________

Ex. – ______________,Ex. – ______________,

___________________, ___________________, marijuanamarijuana

Types of medicinesTypes of medicines Antibiotic- Antibiotic- ___________________________ ______________________- ______________________- increases alertness;

helps people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to focus their attention

Anti-anxiety- Anti-anxiety- helps people who are excessively __________________________ to calm down

____________________- ____________________- Prevents infections in people exposed to the infectious agent

____________________- ____________________- causes sleepiness

6 ways drugs enter the 6 ways drugs enter the bodybody

Implanted pumps- Implanted pumps- surgically implanted pumps that inject drugs into specific part of the body

Inhalation- Inhalation- inhaled into the lungs _______________________- _______________________- needle ___________________________- ___________________________- patches

placed on skin Ingestion- Ingestion- swallowed ____________________________- ____________________________- lotions

absorbed through the skin

Chapter 9.2 Key Terms Chapter 9.2 Key Terms Psychoactive- Psychoactive- a drug or medicine that

affects the ___________________& changes how a person perceives, thinks, or feels

___________________________- ___________________________- medicine made by a company other that the company that developed the original medicine

____________________________- ____________________________- chemical component that gives a medicine its action

____________________________- ____________________________- when a drug reacts with another drug, food, or dietary supplement such that the effect of one of the substances is greater or smaller

Testing a drugTesting a drug

Laboratory tests- Laboratory tests- chemical tests or tests on cell cultures

________________________________________________ Human volunteersHuman volunteers ________________________________________________ (FDA) Food & Drug (FDA) Food & Drug

Administration- approval or Administration- approval or rejectionrejection

Information on a Information on a prescriptionprescription

________________ ________________ (how much of the medicine should be taken)

When you should When you should take the medicinetake the medicine

______________________________________

__________________________________________ Length of time you Length of time you

should take the should take the medicinemedicine

Misuse v/s Abuse of Misuse v/s Abuse of Prescription MedicinesPrescription Medicines

Misuse- using a Misuse- using a prescription prescription medication that medication that does not _________does not _________

________________________________________ May not have the May not have the

same illnesssame illness Strength of medicine Strength of medicine

may be may be ____________________________________

__________________________________________

Abuse- taking Abuse- taking medicine when it is medicine when it is not needed, taking not needed, taking too much too much medicine, or medicine, or mixing more than mixing more than one kind of one kind of medicinemedicine

Choosing an Over the Choosing an Over the counter (OTC) medicinecounter (OTC) medicine

Decide what kind of OTC will work Decide what kind of OTC will work for youfor you

Decide whether you want Decide whether you want __________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

Possible problems with Possible problems with medicinesmedicines

______________________________________ Anaphylactic shockAnaphylactic shock

____________________________________ Aspirin, ibuprofen- Aspirin, ibuprofen-

damage to the damage to the lining of the lining of the stomach (ulcers)stomach (ulcers)

______________________________________

Anaphylactic Shock Anaphylactic Shock symptomssymptoms

____________________________________________________________________________

Swelling, especially Swelling, especially in the in the ______________________________________

Wheezing or Wheezing or difficulty in breathingdifficulty in breathing

A pounding heartA pounding heart Fainting & Fainting &

unconsciousnessunconsciousness

Chapter 9.3 Key TermsChapter 9.3 Key Terms __________________________- __________________________- condition in which a person condition in which a person

can no longer control his or her drug usecan no longer control his or her drug use _____________________________- _____________________________- condition in which a user condition in which a user

needs more of a drug to feel the same effect felt when needs more of a drug to feel the same effect felt when first using the drugfirst using the drug

Physical Dependence- Physical Dependence- state in which the state in which the ________________ relies on a given drug in order to ________________ relies on a given drug in order to functionfunction

Psychological Dependence- Psychological Dependence- state of state of ________________________________________

______________________ needing a drug in order to ______________________ needing a drug in order to functionfunction

Withdrawal- Withdrawal- uncomfortable physical & psychological uncomfortable physical & psychological symptoms produced when a physically dependent drug symptoms produced when a physically dependent drug user stops using drugsuser stops using drugs

Drugs & the brainDrugs & the brain

Neurons- brain is Neurons- brain is made up of made up of __________________________

______________________________________ _________________- _________________-

connections connections between neuronsbetween neurons

Drugs can change Drugs can change the way neurons the way neurons communicate communicate with each otherwith each other

Brain Reward SystemBrain Reward System

Reinforces healthy Reinforces healthy behaviorsbehaviors

Releases the Releases the neurotransmitter neurotransmitter ______________________________________

______________________________________

______________________________________

Behavioral warning signs of Behavioral warning signs of addictionaddiction

______________________________________________________ Change of appearanceChange of appearance Change of friendsChange of friends Unexplained mood swingsUnexplained mood swings __________________________________________________________ Dramatic change in eating habitsDramatic change in eating habits Excessive lyingExcessive lying __________________________________________________________

Stages of Drug AddictionStages of Drug Addiction Drug use- Drug use- drug use activates the brain drug use activates the brain

reward system (pleasure system)reward system (pleasure system) __________________________________________________- needs more of - needs more of

the drug to produce the same effectthe drug to produce the same effect ________________________ - ________________________ - experiences experiences

uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms if uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms if he or she tries to stop using the drughe or she tries to stop using the drug

________________________- ________________________- lost control of lost control of his or her drug taking habithis or her drug taking habit

Illegal drugsIllegal drugs

Chapter 12.1 Key TermsChapter 12.1 Key Terms

Drug Abuse-Drug Abuse- intentional improper intentional improper or unsafe use of a drugor unsafe use of a drug

Overdose- Overdose- the taking of too much of the taking of too much of a drug which causes sickness, loss of a drug which causes sickness, loss of consciousness, permanent damage, consciousness, permanent damage, or even deathor even death

Reasons illegal drug use is Reasons illegal drug use is very dangerousvery dangerous

Permanent effects on the brain & bodyPermanent effects on the brain & body Become addictedBecome addicted Factor in many suicides, motor vehicle Factor in many suicides, motor vehicle

accidents, & crimesaccidents, & crimes Sharing needles- risk of catching Sharing needles- risk of catching

Hepatitis B & HIVHepatitis B & HIV OverdoseOverdose Risky sexual behavior (STDs)Risky sexual behavior (STDs)

Teen addictionTeen addiction

Teens have a Teens have a higher risk of higher risk of addiction to drugs addiction to drugs than adults dothan adults do

Risk of addiction is Risk of addiction is higher because higher because young brains are young brains are still developing- still developing- can alter brain can alter brain developmentdevelopment

Chapter 12.2 Key TermsChapter 12.2 Key Terms

Marijuana- Marijuana- dried flowers and leaves fo the dried flowers and leaves fo the plant Cannabis sativa that are smoked or plant Cannabis sativa that are smoked or mixed in food & eaten for intoxicating effectsmixed in food & eaten for intoxicating effects

Inhalant-Inhalant- drug inhaled as a vapor drug inhaled as a vapor Club (Designer) drug- Club (Designer) drug- drug made to drug made to

closely resemble a common illegal drug in closely resemble a common illegal drug in chemical structure & effectchemical structure & effect

Anabolic Steroid-Anabolic Steroid- synthetic version of the synthetic version of the male hormone testosterone that is used to male hormone testosterone that is used to promote muscle developmentpromote muscle development

3 things illegal drugs have 3 things illegal drugs have in commonin common

Affect the function of the brainAffect the function of the brain Dangerous to your healthDangerous to your health Can result in drug dependence & Can result in drug dependence &

addictionaddiction

4 commonly abused 4 commonly abused illegal drugsillegal drugs

MarijuanaMarijuana InhalantsInhalants Club drugsClub drugs Anabolic steroidsAnabolic steroids

Marijuana

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Intoxicating effects

Relaxation Loss of short-

term memory Loss of balance &

coordination Increased

appetite

Possible health consequences

Respiratory infection

Impaired learning & memory

Panic attacks Cancer

• Marijuana is the most commonly used illegal drug

•THC- active chemical in marijuana

•Contains many of the same carcinogens found in cigarette smoke

•After effects wear off users feel:

-Tired, unmotivated, depressed

Marijuana

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Inhalants

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Effects Dizziness Nausea & vomiting HeadacheHealth consequences Heart attack Liver, kidney damage Brain damage Coma Death

Glue, paint thinner, Glue, paint thinner, propane, nitrous oxidepropane, nitrous oxide

Club (Designer) drugsClub (Designer) drugs

EcstacyEcstacy GHBGHB PCP (Angel Dust)PCP (Angel Dust)

EcstacyEcstacyMost commonly abused club drugMost commonly abused club drug

Intoxication Effects Increased awareness of

senses Mild hallucinations Increased energy Loss of judgmentHealth Consequences Impaired learning &

memory Hypothermia (overheating) High blood pressure Heart attach Death

Look alike drugsLook alike drugs

Abused substances Abused substances that are only that are only slightly different slightly different from other, better-from other, better-known drugsknown drugs

Date Rape DrugsDate Rape Drugs GHB, RohypnolIntoxication effects Relaxation Nausea Loss of inhibitions EuphoriaHealth consequences Dangerously slowed

breathing Seizures Coma

Anabolic SteroidsAnabolic SteroidsMale side effects Stunted Growth Aggression Severe acne Shrinking of testes Heart diseaseFemale side effects Increased facial hair Deeper voice Rapid weight gain

12.3 Key Terms12.3 Key Terms

Stimulant- drug that temporarily increases a person’s energy & alertness

Depressant- drug that causes relaxation & sleepiness

Opiates- group of highly addictive drugs derived from the poppy plant that are used as pain relievers, anesthetics, & sedatives

Hallucinogens- drug that distorts perceptions, causing the user to see or hear things that are not real

Cocaine, crack cocaine, amphetamines, andmethamphetamines

Stimulants

TypesTypes

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Produce increased heart rate/ breathing rate/ energy/ alertness, elevated blood pressure, loss of appetite, and increased mental activity, euphoria, hyperactivity, restlessness, anxiety

StimulantsIntoxication effectsIntoxication effects

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Used illegally to produce intoxication, to counter the effects of other drugs,...

Depressants

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Depressants1) Rohypnol, 2) DXM1) Rohypnol, 2) DXM

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1) Date rape drug 2) 1) Date rape drug 2) Ingredient in cough Ingredient in cough medicinesmedicines

DepressantsDepressantsIntoxicating effectsIntoxicating effects EuphoriaEuphoria Reduced anxietyReduced anxiety Loss of inhibitionsLoss of inhibitions DrowsinessDrowsiness

Street use of these drugs is intended to induce pleasure…

NarcoticsNarcotics

Opiates

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Opium, heroin, morphine, codeine

Types of Opiates

Narcotics typesNarcotics types

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…euphoria, relaxation, drowsiness, pain relief, general feelings of well-being

Opiates Intoxicating effects

NarcoticsNarcotics

Street use is intended to produce “mind expansion,” hallucinations, and psychedelic experiences

Hallucinogens

• LSD

•Mushrooms

Hallucinogens

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HallucinogensHallucinogensIntoxication Effects Sensory illusions Distortions of

reality Dizziness Weakness Enhanced emotions Feelings of being

outside of the body

FlashbackFlashback Person may feel the effects of Person may feel the effects of

a hallucinogen long after the a hallucinogen long after the drug has worn offdrug has worn off

Days, weeks, or even months Days, weeks, or even months after useafter use

•Drugs that often lead to abuse of other drugs

•Common gateway drugs:

- Alcohol, tobacco,

marijuana, inhalants

Gateway drugs

Chapter 12.4 Key Chapter 12.4 Key TermsTerms

Neonatal abstinence syndrome- drug Neonatal abstinence syndrome- drug withdrawal that occurs in newborn withdrawal that occurs in newborn infants whose mothers were frequent infants whose mothers were frequent drug users during pregnancydrug users during pregnancy

Recovering- process of learning to live Recovering- process of learning to live without drugswithout drugs

Intervention- confronting a drug user Intervention- confronting a drug user about his or her drug abuse problem about his or her drug abuse problem to stop him or her from using drugsto stop him or her from using drugs

Relapse- return to using drugs while Relapse- return to using drugs while trying to recover from drug addictiontrying to recover from drug addiction