inrock Internationalitjf £RN>tiON«riNSTIlUTE>bfl AGWCUi'TUB'OL DEVflOPSEHf-*^

Underground Crops

Long-term trends in production of roots and tubers

Douglas Horton

9

UNDERGROUND CROPSLong-term trends in production

of roots and tubers

Douglas Horton

with a note on the quality andinterpretation of African data

byPaulDorosh

1988

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Winrock International

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Copyright 1988 by Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development Morrllton, AR 72110 USA

4Printed in the United State of America All rights reserved

ISBN 0-933595-19-0

Drawings on pages 3,4, and 7 are reproduced from Purseglove, Tropical Crops: Moncotyledons and on pages 2, 5, and 6 from Purseglove, Tropical Crops: Dicotyledons by permission of Longman Group, UK

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Root Crop

Accuracy of Roof Crop Statistics.

About the Tables ...........................

A Note on African Root CrQs Data

Tables

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12

21

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Preface;;

This book is the outcome of collaboration between the International Potato Center (CIP) and Winrock International, with the help from several other international agricultural centers. Douglas Horton of CIP was the principal author and supervised the compilation and organization of the data. Paul Dorosh, a post-doctoral fellow at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, contributed the discussion of African data. Steven Breth of Winrock International produced the book.

The tables in this publication are based on previously unpublished data from the Food and Agriculture Of ganization of the United Nations. K. Becker and F. Pariboni of FAO's Basic Data Unit generously provided the data and promptly responded to numerous questions on its sources and interpretation.

Special thanks go to several members of CIPs staff: Norma Puican, who was mainly responsible for data processing and preparation of draft tables and figures, Maria and Carmen Lozano, and Victor Suarez.

J. Lynam of CIAT and R. Opena of AVRDC commented on the proposal; and K. Becker, 3. Lynam, and R. Moreno provided valuable comments on the draft.

The author accepts responsibility for any errors and invites readers to point them out in order to improve future editions of this book. /; M ,

A grant from the Rockefeller Foundation supported the distribution of this publication to institutional libraries in developing countries.

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This publication was prepared to improve information on root crops in developing countries. Traditionally, agricultural research and development efforts have focused on ex­ port crops and the major cereals. Relatively little attention has been paid to roots and tu­ bers. Recently, the underexploited potential of root crops has become more widely rec­ ognized. In many parts of the developing world, cereals do not flourish and cereal im­ ports drain scarce foreign exchange. A num­ ber of countries that once relied heavily on imported grain to meet domestic food needs are now seeking to increase food self suffi­ ciency in the wake of foreign exchange shortages and persistent rural poverty. Greater output of roots and tubers is a promising avenue for expanding food sup­ plies in many countries. Roots and tubers are productive food crops and they may also be used in manufacturing and livestock feeding. Often toot crops are important sources of rural employment, and in a surprising num­ ber of areas they generate much-needed cash .° C/'. income for poor farmers. For some coun- -,tries, root crop exports generate foreign ex­ change (Thailand's cassava exports are an example).// Growing awareness of the value, both actual and potential, of root crops is re­ flected in a recent study of priorities for in­ ternational agricultural research (Consultative Group on International Agri­ cultural Research, 1987) and in a number of FAO documents, most notably the reports on Africa (FAO, 1986) and Latin America (FAO, 1987) prepared by the Committee on World Food Security. In 1986, for the first time, FAO appointed a senior staff member

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\\to coordinate its activities with root crop. Several developing countries have also begun to upgrade the position of root crops in their research and development planning.

Root Crop Characteristics

This publication deals with five major groups of crops: cassava (Manihot esculenta), edible aroids (principally Coiocasia esculenta andXanthosoma spp.), potatoes (Solatium tuberosum), sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas), and yams (Dioscorea spp.). Techni­ cally, the important edible product harvested from cassava and sweet potatoes is roots; from potatoes and yams, it is tubers; and from aroids (known variously as taro, tannia, and cocoyams), it is cornis and cormels. To simplify and condense the discussion in this publication, the term "root crops" is generally used to include all these crops.

This section, adapted from "Root crops in developing countries: An economic ap­ praisal" (Horton, Lynam, and Knipscheer, 1984), briefly describes the characteristics of the major root crops and their production systems.

CassavaCassava is unknown in a wild state and its

evolution as a species is directly linked to selection by man under cultivation. Cassava's center of origin is tropical America; the ex­ act time and location of domestication and

it'llthe direct ancestor are not known.Certainly by the beginning of the 19th

century cassava had been effectively dis­ tributed throughout the world's tropical re-

Douglas Horton

gions. Expansion of cassava production in . .-; ,the 19th century was hastened by import into

West Africa of techniques for producing gari (fermented and fried cassava mash), by the promotion of cassava as a famine reserve by colonial governments such as the Dutch in Java and the British in West Africa and southern India, and by establishment of a cassava processing and export industry in Malaya. By the 1880s, the tapioca trade was

.,., well established in Malaya and by the turn of ---,) the century, production and trade in cassava

products, particularly starch, had been started by the Dutch in Java and the French in Madagascar. Brazil was also exporting modest amounts.

Tubers of cassava (Manihot esculenta)and a young shoot with leaf. Reproduced

from Purseglove, Tropical Crops bypermission of Longman Group, UK

Because of cassava's long growth season, cultivation is limited to the tropics and sub- tropics. Cassava is nevertheless the most widely cultivated root crop in the tropics. It is grown across a broad range of agro-cli­ matic conditions: from sea level to almost 2,000 meters in the American tropics and in areas with as little as 500 millimeters of rainfall to areas of tropical rainforest.

One of cassava's principal characteristics is its ability to produce economic yields under relatively marginal rainfall and soil conditions. Cassava is efficient in water use and is able to withstand dry periods of up to 5 months. Also, it is adapted to low pH and high aluminum content, which are common in tropical soils. Cassava forms an effective mycorrhiza association and is efficient in phosphorus uptake and utilization.

Important characteristics that influence the role of cassava within farming systems are high carbohydrate yields per unit of land and labor, adaptation to poor soils and water stress, compatibility with a variety of crops in association, an indeterminate harvest period, the bulkiness of the roots, their 60 to 70 per­ cent water content, and their extreme per­ ishability after harvest.

Cassava is well suited to small farm pro­ duction systems. In the Americas, where there is a great disparity in farm size, 75 per­ cent of cassava farmers operate farms of 20 : , hectares or less. These are small farms by Latin American standards, particularly in the marginal, lowland areas where most cassava is produced. In Asia cassava is cultivated in populous areas such as Java in Indonesia and Kcrala in India, where farms rarely exceed 2 hectares in size. Cassava is exclusively an upland crop in these areas and is usually grown where soil is poor and rainfall is lim­ iting. In Thailand 75 percent of cassava growers have under 6 hectares of farmland. Most cassava is produced in the northeast on

/Underground Crops

relatively marginal land that has few other cropping alternatives. In Africa the role of cassava is defined not so much by farm size as by population pressure and the length of the fallowing period in shifting cultivation systems. Cassava is a principal crop where fallows have become particularly short and soil fertility conditions are poor.

Cassava is not only produced under rela­ tively marginal agricultural conditions, few purchased inputs are used. Because cassava is vegetatively propagated through stem cut­ tings, seed costs are nil. Although cassava can be attacked by diseases and pests, the varieties that most farmers plant are either resistant to the dominant diseases and pests or they can yield well under attack. Many traditional varieties are very leafy, which ap­ pears to afford tolerance to insects and dis­ eases that attack the leaves. Few growers ap­ ply fungicides, insecticides, or herbicides. Moreover, fertilizer is seldom used in cas­ sava production systems. In Brazil, for ex­ ample, less than 9 percent of the cassava area is fertilized. Even in Java, where land use is intensive and fertilizer prices are heavily subsidized, fertilizer use for cassava averages only 8 kg/ha compared with about 180 kg/ha for all crops.

Outside of Asia, cassava is grown in rota­ tions that include fallow. In Latin America, the length of fallow tends to be shorter than in Africa, where bush fallow is common­ place.

Cassava has been widely characterized as a subsistence crop. This reputation traces to the colonial period when cassava was often cultivated as a famine reserve. The locus of cassava production on small farms has tended to support this view. However, cas­ sava today is very much a commercial crop. In the Americas perhaps 70 percent of pro­ duction is marketed. This is true in Asia, too, even in countries like India and Indonesia

'' A young tannia plant (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), base of the plant with cornsand cormels, andacomtel. Reproduced

from Purseglove, Tropical Crops by permission of Longman Croup, UK

where most cassava is eaten (rather than fed to livestock). Even in Africa, where most people live in rural areas and nearly all cas­ sava is used as a food, an extensive trade in gari exists in Nigeria and in kokonte (dried cassava) in Ghana, Thus, part of the reason cassava is so widely produced is not because it is the paramount subsistence crop, but be­ cause it is a cash crop with an existing mar­ ket. Future development of cassava produc­ tion will require strengthening of the market for the crop.

Edible aroidsThe two main genera of edible aroids are

Colocasia (taro) and Xanthosoma (tannia). Both taro and tannia are often referred to as

\

Douglas Norton

A young iaro (Colocasia esculents) plantand a com. Reproduced from Pitrseglove,Tropical Crops by permission of Longman

Group, UK

cocoyams. Taro originated in Southeast Asia and spread across Africa to the Americas. In Nigeria it is called "old" cocoyam to distin­ guish it from the "new" cocoyam, or tannia, which originated in South or Central Amer­ ica and reached West Africa later. It is be­ lieved that tannia is rapidly replacing taro in West Africa. In Nigeria, the largest producer of this crop, cocoyams are appreciated for their easy digestibility. Farmers distinguish "soft" and "hard" varieties. The soft ones are often used for pounding in a yam-cocoyam mixture.

Cocoyams arc typically grown as sec­ ondary crops in Nigeria, ranking far behind yams and cassava in production and con­ sumption. However, in parts of Ghana,

Cameroon, and Gabon, cocoyams are a sta­ ple food. The usefulness of cocoyams as an intercrop between tree crops is one reason for their popularity in those areas.

Taro is adapted to wet soils but is gener­ ally grown on well-drained, relatively fertile upland soils. It is often cultivated in associa­ tion with tree crops, especially cocoa.

Although most farmers use a rotation, edible aroids are sometimes grown for as much as 6 years in succession. They are often planted in clusters between scattered trees. Spacings within clusters differ from those between clusters. Hence, in comparing yields, it is important to know if the sample is based on a small area containing one cluster, on part of one cluster, or on a large area containing several clusters. Yield esti­ mates will be substantially lower in the last case than in the first two.

For edible aroids, as for most foodcrops - in tropical Africa, labor is the main produc­ tion input. Although cash and good quality land are scarce, farmers consider the short­ age of labor to be their main production constraint.

Farmers use conns and cormels as plant­ ing material. Little is known about the re­ production factor for the different aroids, but it is believed to be much higher than that for yams (that is, a smaller share of the har­ vest of edible aroids has to be reserved as planting material). Planting material is stored in shady places and is usually covered with palm leaves. Pre-sprouted cormels are then selected for planting on low mounds or ridges, or on the flat.

PotatoesThe potato is of highland origin. Domes­

ticated in the Andes of South America, it be­ came a major food crop near its origin and in similar mountainous areas elsewhere (e.g., the Himalayas and cool highland areas of

Underground Crops

Central and Eastern Africa). Although it reached Euro^ in the early 16th century, the potato remained as a botanical curiosity for two centuries. Gradually the potato be­ came an important food of peasants and low- income urban wage earners across Europe, and in North America. Most research on the potato has been done in Europe and North America, and most varieties now grown in the tropics (outside the Andes) originated in temperate areas.

In highland farming systems, the potato is generally grown by small farmers cultivating no more than 1 to 2 hectares in a number of distinct parcels of land. The crop is typically rainfed and subject to many hazards, in­ cluding droughts, excessive rain, frost, hail, or typhoons, depending upon the location. Highland farmers generally retain a substan­ tial part of their harvest to use as seed in the next season. In areas where potatoes are rel­ atively expensive (Central America and Southeast Asia), farmers usually consume few of their own potatoes. Instead they sell the harvest and purchase cheaper foods with the proceeds. \

In recent years, potato production has spread from its traditional mountainous en­ vironment into warmer, drier areas. Typical of such nontraditional growing areas are Peru's coastal valleys, the plains of India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, and the irrigated oases of North Africa.

Potatoes arc becoming an attractive win­ ter crop in many arid, irrigated areas, where they are grown on relatively large commer­ cial farms. Since harvest occurs at the begin­ ning of summer, storage and marketing pre­ sent severe problems for this perishable crop. In these areas, refrigerated storage is generally required both for seed and table potatoes.

Potato production has begun to expand in warm, humid zones. Because these areas

A flowering potato shoot (Solanumtuberosum), and tubers. Reproduced fromPurseglove, Tropical Crops by permission

o/Longman Group, UK

have a high incidence of pests and diseases, V farmers often apply high levels of pesticides and prefer varieties that are resistant or tol­ erant to pests and diseases. Production is generally on a small scale, as part of complex multiple-cropping systems. Traditional slash- and-burn systems prevail where population density is low; more intensive horticultural systems where population density is higher.

In temperate zones, under arid, irrigated conditions, and in cool highland areas, potatoes are generally produced as a sole crop. At lower elevations, particularly in hu­ mid zones, relay cropping and intercropping are common.

Economic returns from potatoes are high on average but very variable. For this reason, the few farmers who specialize in potato growing tend to be large, financially well-off producers. The majority of developing country growers are highly diversified and plant a small portion of their land to pota-

Douglas Horton

Leaves and tuber of sweet potato (Ipomeabatatas). Reproduced from Purseglove,

Tropical Crops by permission of LongmanGroup, UK

toes with a dual purpose: home consumption and limited market sale.

Sweet PotatoesSweet potatoes are grown in more devel­

oping countries than any other root crop, yet little is known about the production zones and practices. Lack of attention to this crop by agricultural researchers reflects the fact that although sweet potatoes are grown in many places they are usually of secondary importance in relation to other crops. Sweet potatoes are significant in many poor iso­ lated areas where few agricultural studies have been conducted. China is, by a wide margin, the world's leading sweet potato producing countiy.

The sweet potato is a short maturity crop tolerant to a wide range of growing condi­ tions. It is cultivated in the tropics, subtrop- ics, and warmer temperate zones (such as '>' southern USA). It is relatively cold-tolerant, and hence is grown in many tropical high­ land zones (East Africa and New Guinea).

Sweet potatoes can be produced on fairly infertile soil with few inputs and can with­ stand periods of irregular rainfall and drought. Tubers can be left in the ground after maturity, but once harvested they have a short storage life. In developing countries, for these reasons, sweet potatoes are gener­ ally grown by small farmers on marginal land as a subsistence crop for immediate con­ sumption. Culls are often fed to livestock. In times of war or famine, populations in sev­ eral countries (Taiwan, the Philippines, • South Korea, and Rwanda) have survived on the sweet potato. It is believed these un­ pleasant circumstances may have led to a de­ gree of consumer prejudice against the sweet potato as a food. In recent years, per capita consumption of sweet potatoes has fallen in many areas.

YamsYams are grown in : ropical regions scat­

tered throughout the world, but the main production center is the savanna region of West Africa. White yam (Discorea rotun- data) is believed to be indigenous to the area stretching from Cote d'lvoire to Cameroon and is generally considered to be the best edible yam in that region. Yams are a presti­ gious component of the West Africa diet, and they are considered better tasting than other root crops.

Yams, like most African food crops, are generally intercropped. By intercropping farmers reduce risks associated with dis­ eases, pests, and price fluctuations, stabilize the flow of food and income through the

Underground Crops

whole year, and intensify land use. Because yams are generally intercropped, yield fig­ ures can be misleading unless they are pre­ sented with the yield of the intercrops (which is seldom done).

African production of yams, as well as cassava, cocoyams, and sweet potatoes, is concentrated in areas within 15 degrees of the equator. In this zone, about 40 percent of the daily energy intake is derived from root crops (22% from cassava, 10% from yams, 4% from edible aroids, and 2% from sweet potatoes). The principal producing and con­ suming country for most root crops is Nige­ ria, which also accounts for more than 50 percent of the area's population in this zone.

ComparisonsPotatoes have a shorter vegetative period

than most other root crops, and they do best under cool temperatures (Table A). Potatoes can be grown in areas with high daytime temperatures, but do not tubcrizc well if nighttime temperatures are above 20°C. For economic yields, potatoes require relatively high inputs of fertilizer and organic matter. They do poorly in waterlogged soils. The op­ timal rainfall for potato production is lower than that for other root crops, but potatoes require regular watering and are highly sus­ ceptible to drought. Potato tubers can be left '•- in the ground for short periods after matu-

" rity. Harvested tubers can be stored for long periods if they are free of pests and disease and if low temperatures and high humidity are maintained.

Other root crops have longer and more variable growing periods; cassava, the ex­ treme case, requires 8 to 24 months, de­ pending on temperature and soil fertility. Other root crops also do better under higher temperatures. For yams, the extreme, the optimal temperature is 30°C. Sweet potatoes and cassava, though responsive to fertiliza­

tion, can produce economic yields on poor, unfertilized soils ^th little organic matter. Their roots cannot be stored for longer than a few days after harvest, but they can be left unharvested for long periods. Both these crops are highly drought resistant.

!n contrast to cassava and sweet potatoes, yams and edible aroids require good soils and adequate moisture. While neither yams nor tannia do well in swampy areas, taro can be grown in waterlogged soils. Both yams and edible aroids can be left on the plant after maturity and harvested as needed. If care is taken to avoid damaging the tubers, conns, and cormels during harvesting and handling, they store well.

A portion of a shoot of the greater yam(Dioscorea alata) with male infloresences,and a tuber. Reproduced from Purseglove,Tropical Crops by permission ofLongrnan

Croup, UK

Douglas Horton

O

TABLEAComparative root crop characteristics.

CharacteristicSweet

Cassava Potato potato Tannia Taro Yam

Growth period (months)Rant annual or perennialOptimal rainfall jcm)Optimal temp. fC)Drought resistantOptimal pH n :/.Fertility requirementOrganic matter requirementCan be grown on swampy,waterlogged soil?Planting material

Period crop can be storedin groundPost-harvest storage life c,

Si:x,.Source: Derived from Kay, D.E.

9-24per.

100-15025-29yesWlowlow

noStem

longshort

Root crops.

3-7ann.50-7515-18

no5.5-6.0highhigh

noTuberscuttings

shortlong

3-8per.

: " 75-100> 24yes

5.6-6.6lowlewt\no

Vinecuttings

longshort

9-12per.

140-20013-29no

5.5-6.5highhigh

noCorms/cormels

longlong ,

6-18per.250

21-27no

5.5-6.5highhigh

yes

8-11ann.11530yesNA

highhigh

noCorms/ Tuberscormels

<•-•moderatevariable

longlong

(London: Tropical Products Institute, 1973).NA = Not available.

Root crops as a group are often thought • of as "inferior" foods or "starchy staples" that provide low-cost energy but little else to the human diet. This generalization is unwar­ ranted for two reason: it does not apply to all root crops, and it does not apply to any sin­ gle root crop in all countries.

Nutritional composition varies greatly among the root crops (Table B). For ev am­ ple, cooked potatoes, yams, and taro have about 2 percent protein, but cassava has only about 1 percent protein. Potatoes, yams, and taro are rich in protein relative to some ce­ reals. Their protein-to-calorie ratios equal or exceed those of maize grits and rice.

Root crops also contribute significant amounts of essential dietary vitamins and minerals. Notably, cassava, potatoes, and sweet potatoes provide ascorbic acid, which the cereals are deficient in.

Contrary to conventional wisdom, root crops are not always cheap. Prices vary among the crops and regions. In most devel­ oping regions, yams, potatoes, and edible aroids are costly sources of energy relative to cereals, sweet potatoes, and cassava (Table C). However, in some places, particularly in large cities, perishability and high marketing costs make cassava expensive. In these areas, cassava my be consumed by high-income households as a luxury vegetable.

Root crops are generally considered to be of minor economic importance. At the average farm-gate prices prevailing in 1977, however, potatoes, sweet potatoes, and cassava are among the six most valuable food crops grown in developing nations (Taole C). Yams and edible aroids rank twelfth and nineteenth.

TABLES -Nutritional composition of a hundred-gram edible portion of various foods.

=

WaterFood*

Maize (grits)PotatoPlaintainTaro (raw)Yam (raw)RiceSpaghettiSweet potatoCommon beanCassavaWhite bread (fresh)

(%)

8780807374737271696836

Proteinto)

1.22.11.31.92.12.03.4

Foodenergy(kcal)

51767798

101109111

1.7-^114

^0.98.7

— 118124269

Protein- calorieratio

to/ioookcal)

2427171921183115667

32

Fatto)

0.10.10.10.20.20.10.40.40.60.13.2

Ash(mg)

0.60.90.71.21.01.11.21.01.40.61.9

CA>,(mgr"

17...

, 28° 20

10

83250...

70

P(mg)

1053...

6169285047

148...

87

Fe(mg)

0.10.6

...

1.00.60.20.40.72.7

...0.7

Na(mg)

2053...

7...

3741

107

...

507

K(mg)

11407

...

514600

2861

243416

...

85

Thia-mine(mg)

0.020.09

...

0.130.1

0.020.01O.O90.14

...0.09

Ribo-flavin(mg)

0.010.04

*..

0.040.040.010.010.060.07

...0.08

Niacin(mg)

0.21.5

1.10.50.40.30.6

.0.7...

1.2

Ascorbicacid(mg)

016...

4900

170

26trace

Boiled unless otherwise indicated. Edible portions of potatoes and other root crops and plaintains do not include peels. Dashes denote lack of reliable data.Sources: Composition of foods (Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1975); W-T. Wu-Leung, F. Busson, and C. Jardin. Food composition table for use in Africa (Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, 1968).

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10 Douglas Horton

TABLEC QProduction and value of major food crops in developing countries, 1981/83.

Fresh Dry Edible wt matter energy

(million (million (trillion Commodity tons) tons) kcal)

Rice, paddyWheatMaize : ;:PotatoSweet potatoCassavaSoybeanSorghumGroundnut in shellBananaTomatoYamMilletBeans, dryBarleyCabbageChickpeaBroadbeen, dryCocoyamLentils

Sources: FAO Production

40418015682

107127324718402224271221136451

Yearbook

356157134

17325128421713

16

241019

15311

1983

982454476

5199 ,;;;

109 "127;1497434

•' 4

21844052

22212

-:• ' 44

(Rome: FAO,

Edible protein (million tons)

18.118.1

o 12.21.4

,;>' 1.5'••0.5!:10.8*4.93.40.30.20.4

1 2.52.61.26.11.20.90.10.3

Production Avg value price (US$ (US$/t)

millions)

68.726.618.511.79.58.96.55.85.34.24.23.93.93.43.12.31.30.90.60.4

1984): Composition

1701481191428970

207123297 (N107 ~195163144288145178211245123341

of foods(Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1975); FAO estimates of farmgate price (unpublished). Production estimates are 1981/83 averages; price estimates are for 1977. ':

Accuracy of Root Crop Statistics

As various organizations have begun to look more closely at root crops, the inade­ quacy of published statistics on root crop production and use has become apparent. People seeking internationally comparable data usually turn to FAO publications: the production yearbooks, trade yearbooks, and food balance sheets. These are useful ior inter-country comparisons at a given point in

time, but they arc; not appropriate sources of data for time series analysis. The reason is that FAO continually revises and corrects its estimates based on current information. As new information become available, estimates may be revised substantially. For example, in 1978 FAO revised its estimates of China's potato production downward two-thirds and then in 1983 more than doubled it.

FAO's Statistics Division keeps its data under continuous review and revises its esti­ mates retrospectively if necessary. However, only current estimates arc published in the

Underground Crops 11

production yearbooks, trade yearbooks, and food balance sheets. As a result, time series assembled from those FAO publication se­ ries present sharp discontiruities from year to year.

FAO releases, on request, long-term se­ ries of agricultural production, trade, and utilization in the form of computer printouts and magnetic tapes. However, researchers and policy makers, particularly those in de­ veloping countries may not have easy access to them. In 1987, FAO published revised time series estimates in 1948-1985 World Crop and Livestock Products. This extremely useful document presents production esti­ mates for the post-war years for total root crops and for cassava, potato, and sweet potato.

The data in Underground Crops is based on a single set of revised, unpublished time series prepared by FAO's Basic Data Unit in May 1986. FAO has not eliminated all incon­ sistencies from this data set, but what is pre­ sented here are the best, most consistent, and up-to-date estimates of root crop pro­ duction available at that time.

Aside from the time-series problem, most published data on root crop production and use have several other flaws. From 1949 to 1971, the FAO production yearbooks lumped together the production estimates for sweet potatoes and yams, two botanically distinct crops that play quite different roles in food systems and that exhibit different trends in production and use. In Underground Crops, this problem has been resolved through use of FAO's revised, unpublished time series.

Another limitation is that the FAO trade yearbooks include international figures only for fresh potatoes. Trade statistics for pro­ cessed p tatoes and for other root crops, either fresh or processed, are not published. Underground Crops presents trade statistics for each of the five major groups of root

crops, including both fresh roots and pro­ cessed products converted into fresh weight equivalent.

A third problem is that FAO's figures are based on official estimates, where available, generated by governmental statistical agen­ cies. Government agencies tend to underes­ timate root crop production and consump­ tion because root crops are often grown in isolated areas on small, irregular plots, fre­ quently as intercrops, relay crops, secondary crops, or backyard garden crops. Conse­ quently, root crops may easily be overlooked in national estimates.

Consumption estimates are usually de­ rived from food balance sheets, which equate domestic production plus imports minus ex­ ports and net changes in year-end stocks to total domestic availability, which is the sum of the quantities available for seed, industrial products, animal feed, waste, and human consumption. Human consumption is often estimated as the residual (i.e., the first four uses are estimated and subtracted from total production and the balance is assumed to be human consumption). It is then divided by the estimated national population to obtain per capita consumption. In some instances, consumption is estimated and another vari­ able, such as livestock feed, is calculated as the residual. In cither case, the information in the equation is often unreliable. More­ over, the result is an estimate of the quantity available for consumption, not actual con­ sumption.

On the supply side, the tendency to un- derreport production has already been men­ tioned. On the utilization side of the food balance sheet equation, the figures are equally suspect. Seeding rates for crops like potatoes in the developing countries are usu­ ally assumed to be close to rates used in in­ dustrial countries. However, because farmers in poor countries tend to use small tubers for

12 Douglas Horton

seed, the tonnage of seed planted may be vastly overestimated. Compilers of food bal­ ance sheets may indiscriminately apply waste factors of 10,15, or 20 percent without re­ gard to indigenous practices in peeling, cooking, or utilization of root crops. So far as is known, no developing country's estimates of seed and waste are based on local on-farm or market-level research. Instead, they are generally educated guesses.

Many estimates of the volume of root crops processed are known to be only a frac­ tion of the true amount, because FAO has included only the portion that is exported or imported. For this reason, potato processing is substantially underreported for many countries. In the USA, for example, over half the potatoes consumed are processed; in Peru, traditional processed potato products (e.g., chuno and papa seca) are important. In Argentina, desserts made from sweet pota­ toes (duke de batata) are common. How­ ever, these uses are not reflected in the FAO estimate. For cassava, FAO has attempted to estimate processing for domestic consump­ tion.

The basic problems of data accuracy re­ main in Underground Crops, since no attempt has been made to correct or adjust the FAO estimates. For this reason, the figures pre­ sented should not be considered as defini­ tive, but as the best available estimates as of May 1986.

Aside from accuracy, food balance sheets have the limitations of all average national estimates. The figures do not reflect impor­ tant differences in consumption that occur between regions and across social groups. Despite all these shortcomings, food balance sheets provide a general indication of con­ sumption levels and serve as a useful starting point for estimating root crop utilization. For many countries, the FAO food balance

sheets are the only estimates of root crop use.

About the TablesThe tables in this publication present

FAO's most up-to-date country-level esti­ mates of production and use of five major groups of root crops: cassava, edible aroids, potatoes, sweet potatoes, and yams. An ad­ ditional category "unspecified root crops" is included when the original source does not specify which of the five major root crops, or others, are concerned. For example, in Table 19, the relatively high levels of unspecified root crop production in Cameroon, Ethiopia, Guinea-Bissau, and Namibia almost certainly include cassava, edible aroid, yam, and sweet potato production. However, the amount of each produced is not known.

Following the convention of the FAO production yearbooks, countries are listed in alphabetical order under regional headings: Africa, North and Central America, South America, Asia, Europe, Oceania, and the USSR. Each table begins with an estimate for the world and ends with estimates for "developing" and "developed" countries. FAO considers the countries of Eastern and Western Europe, the USSR, Canada, USA, Israel, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa to be "developed." All other countries are considered to be "developing."

Production, Area, and YieldTables 1 through 18 present annual esti­

mates of root crop production, area, and yield from 1961 to 1985. The countries listed vary from table to table depending upon which country reported production of each root crop. Only countries that reported pro­ duction of 500 tons or more in at least one year during the period 1961-85, are included. Following this criterion, production esti-

Underground Crops 13

000 tons (log scale) ISO-

100-

000 tons (log seal*) 10

100-

250

200-

150-

100-

I I1965 1970 1975 1980 1965 1970 1975 1980

Fig. 1. World and regional root crop production trends 1961-85 (3-year moving

averages).

14 Douglas Horton

mates for potatoes were reported for 126 countries; for sweet potatoes, 98 countries; for cassava, 93 countries; for yams, 48 coun­ tries; and for edible aroids, 45 countries.

Table 19 presents a summary of average root crop production, area, and yields for 1983-85. It includes countries that produced an average of 500 tons or more of root crops during the period.

Figure 1 summarizes regional root crop production trends. A semi-log scale is used to facilitate visual comparison among regions and crops. Equal slopes indicate equal rates of growth. On a worldwide basis, cassava and yam production have grown most rapidly. Yam production has more than doubled, and cassava production has increased about 90 percent from 1961 to 1985. World produc­ tion of edible aroids has increased about 40 percent; both potato and sweet potato pro­ duction have increased about 10 percent.

Virtually all of the world's cassava is pro­ duced in Africa, Asia, and South America. Africa and Asia also produce most of the world's cocoyams. Sweet potato production is highly concentrated in China. Yam produc­ tion is concentrated in Nigeria and a few other African countries (most notably Cote d'lvoire and Ghana). Among the root crops, potatoes are the most evenly distributed around the globe.

In general, root crop production has dropped in the developed countries and ex­ panded in the developing countries (Fig. 2). Production of potatoes, the dominant root crop in developed countries, has declined from about 240 million tons in 1961 to 212 million tons in 1985. Production of sweet potatoes, the only other root crop grown on a significant scale in developed countries, has fallen from 7 million tons in 1961 to just over 2 million tons in 1985.

In developing countries, production trends of root crops differ sharply (Fig. 3).

Although cassava and yam production has increased steadily, and by 1985 reached a level about double that of thivearly 1960s, j j sweet potato and edible nroid production has // been more erratic and now stands less than 50 percent above the 1961 level. Potato stands out from the rest-production has tripled in developing countries over the last quarter century.

In developing countries, production of root crops, particularly potatoes and cassava production, has expanded most rapidly in Asia. Average potato and yam yields in de­ veloping countries have approximately dou­ bled from 1961 to 1985 (from 6 t/ha to 12 t/ha) and sweet potato yields also increased substantially (from 8 t/ha to 14 t/ha). Cas­ sava yields increased about 25 percent (from 8 t/ha to 10 t/ha), and edible aroid yields remained stable at around 5 to 6 t/ha.

Comparing developed and developing countries, the yield gap for both potatoes and sweet potatoes was about 100 percent of the developing country yield in the early 1960s (6 to 8 t/ha). The gap has gradually narrowed. At present, potato and sweet potato yields are about 12 to 14 t/ha in de­ veloping countries and 17 to 18 t/ha in de­ veloped countries (Fig. 4).

Cassava and sweet potatoes each account for about one third of the root crops cur­ rently produced in developing countries (Fig. 5). The balance is made up of potatoes (a quarter of the total), yams (7 percent), edi­ ble aroids and others (about 2.5 percent).

ConsumptionTables 22 through 31 present information

on root crop utilization. In these tables all figures are in fresh-weight equivalents using the following conversion factors:

1 ton fresh cassava = 280 kg flour = 230 kg starch

Underground Crops 15

million tons 600-

500-

400-

300-

200-

100-

World

Developing nations •

1959/61 1969/71 1979/81

Fig. 2. Root crop production in developing and developed nations 1961-85 (3-year

moving averages).

Irdex 1961/63 = 100

300-

250-

200-

150-

100-

1959/61

PotatOv

1969/71——I——1979/81

Fig. 3. Root crop production trends in developing nations 1961-85 (3-year moving

averages).

\\

t/ha 18 •

16 -

14 -

12 -

10 -

8 -

6 -

POTATO

Developed nations

Developing nation

1959/61i —

1969/71 1979/81

t/ha 18 -

16 -

14 -

12 -

10 -

8 -

6 -

SWEET POTATO

Developed nations

Developing nations

1959/61 1969/71 1979/81

Fig. 4. Potato and sweet potato yields in developing and developed nations 1961-85 (3-

year moving averages).

f

16 Douglas Horton

Unspecified 0.4)

Edible voids (6)

WORLD

Unspecified (3.3)

Edible voids (5)

DEVELOPING NATIONS

Others (0.6)—, ,——— Sweet potato (2.2)

DEVELOPED NATIONS

Fig. 5. Root crop production 1983-85 (million tons).

1 ton fresh potatoes

1 ton fresh unspecified roots and tubers:

= 250 kg tapioca = 280 kg dried

= 200 kg flour = 150 kg starch = 150 kg tapioca = 600 kg frozen

= ISO kg flour = 150 kg flour = 150 kg dried

No utilization of processed edible aroids, sweet potatoes, or yams is reported by FAO.

Average world per capita consumption of root crops was reported to be about 70 kilo­ grams in 1984 (Figure 6 and Table D). This total is made up of 32 kilograms of potatoes, 19 kilograms of sweet potatoes, 16 kilograms of cassava, and 4 kilograms of yams, cocoy- ams, and unspecified root and tuber crops. With an average consumption of 132 kilo­ grams, Africa has the highest per capita root crop consumption of any region. Nearly 60 percent of Africa's root crop consumption is supplied by cassava and 20 percent by yams. Cassava consumption is heavily concentrated in Africa and South America, where it aver­ ages over 60 kilograms. In no other world region does the average reach 10 kilograms per head. Average per capita cocoyam con­ sumption is low in most regions, reaching a maximum of 10 kilograms in Oceania. Potato consumption is spread more uniformly across the regions; average per capita potato consumption exceeds 20 kilograms per year in all regions except Africa. Per capita re­ gional sweet potato consumption is low ev­ erywhere except in Oceania and Asia. Aver­ age yam consumption is also low except in Africa (Table 22).

x • o'

Underground CropsA

TABLED °Average quantity of root crops available for consumption by region, 1984 (kilograms per head per year).

17

World ,

AfricaN. &,C. AmericaSoul!, 'AmericaAsiaEuropeOceaniaU.S.S.R.

Developing nations

Developed nations

Cassava

16

782

418060

22

0

Edib*aroids

1

50010

100

10

Potato

32

84032198146

110

17

75

Sweetpotato

19

934

290

190

25

1

Yam

3

28110080

4

0

Total*

71

1324678578191

110

70

76

* Includes unspecified roots and tubers.

>''• ',

TABLE E ' ^Proportion (%) of total dietary calories from1984

World

AfricaN. & C. AmericaSouth AmericaAsiaEuropeOceaniaU.S.S.R.

Developing nations

Developed nations

Cassava

1.4

9.60.13.70.5

'. 0.00.60.0

2.1

0.0

Ediblearoids

0.1

0.50.00.00.10.00.70.0

0.1

0.0

Potato

2.3

0.72.12.31.54.72.96.2

1.3

4.3

root crops by region,

Sweetpotato

1.8

1.10.20.33.20.01.60.0

2.7

0.1

Yam

0.3

3.30.00.10.00.00.60.0

0.5

0.0

Total*

6.0

15.32.66.45.24.77.26.2

6.7

4.4

* Includes unspecified roots and tubers.

18 Douglas Horton

Yam (3)

Edible aroids (1)

WORLD

Edible aroids (t) Other (1)

DEVELOPING NATIONS

-Sweet potato (1)

DEVELOPED NATIONS

Fig. 6. Average annual per capita root crop consumption (kilograms).

Dietary ContributionAbout 6 percent of the world's dietary

calories are provided by root crops, primarily by potatoes, sweet potatoes and cassava. Root crops make their greatest dietary con­ tribution in Africa and Oceania, where they provide 15 percent and 7 percent of the di­ etary calories, respectively (Table E). A broader range of root crops is of dietary sig­ nificance in Oceania and Africa than in any other world region. In Europe and the USSR, potatoes provide 5 to 6 percent of the dietary calories, but no other root crops are grown. In Asia, where the numbers are dominated by China, sweet potato is the principal root crop. Potatoes and cassava each contribute about 1 percent of dietary calories in this region. Cassava is the major

/" ' >p in South America, contributing aVyw. Vpercent of dietary calories. In both North and South America, potatoes con­ tribute on average 2 percent of the dietary calories.

UtilizationAs noted earlier, the quality of food bal­

ance sheet data is poor. Perhaps the most difficult variable to estimate is the quantity processed. In the food balance sheets (Table 10), an unknown portion of the root crops listed as "processed" is consumed and a por­ tion of the crops listed as "food" is processed before consumption. For the world as a whole, FAO estimates that potato, sweet potato, and cassava consumption averages about 30 kilograms, 20 kilograms, and 15 kilograms, respectively (Fig. 6). In contrast, world consumption of yams, edible aroids, and other root crops, both fresh and pro­ cessed, is estimated to be on average only about 5 kilograms per capita per year. FAO estimates that a bit more than one-third of the world's cassava is processed (Fig. 7). In developing countries most of this is believed

Underground Crops 19

CASSAVA EDIBLE AROIDS i

POTATOprocessed (2.5%)

and swd (0.5%)

SWEET POTATO

YAM

feed (1%)

Fig. 7. Root crop balance sheets for developing countries, 1984.

20 Douglas Horton

TABLEFRoot crop trad* by region, 1984 (0001)

EdibleCassava

Country Imp.

World 26,409Africa 0N. & C. America 138South America 0Asia 1,223Europe 25,048Oceania 0U.S.S.R. 0

Exp.

31,606214320

26,5694,950

20

aroids

Imp.

140

1400000

Exp.

280

2101070

Potato

Imp.

7,757418661

55754

5,27828

563

Exp.

7,695200519

5604

6,16121

184

Sweetpotato

Imp.

1320

1104

11600

Exp.

487

110

f "•! 121800

Yam

Imp,

30300000

Exp.

170790000

Total*

Imp.

34,542422859

552,146

30,45046

563

Exp.

39,575228619

3627,34311,135

30184

Developingnations 678 26,655 14 28 1,241 786 6 29

Developed nations 25,731 4,950 0 6,516 6,909 126 19

3 17

0 0

2,118 27,683

32,424 11,892

* Includes unspecified roots and tubers.

to be for human consumption, except for cassava processed in Thailand. No cassava is used as planting material, and waste is esti­ mated to be just under 10 percent. In cassava growing areas, use of the roots for livestock feed is not common except in Latin America. However, imported dehydrated cassava is an important livestock feed in Europe. Virtually no edible aroids are used for seed, livestock feeding, or industry. About 80 percent is used for direct human consumption, most of the remainder being wasted.

The principal use of sweet potatoes is also human consumption; seed and industrial uses are insignificant, and less than 15 per­ cent of harvest is fed to livestock. Yams are seldom processed or fed to livestock; how­ ever, a substantial share of the harvest, esti­ mated to be 15 percent, is used for planting material, and an additional 22 percent is es­ timated to be wasted after the harvest. These factors help to make yams an expensive food in most developing areas. Other factors, such

as the need for staking in forest zones, the need for good soil fertility, and the heavy la­ bor inputs required also contribute to high production costs for yams.

Use of potatoes in developed and devel­ oping countries differs sharply. In Europe and the USSR, about half the potatoes are estimated to be used for livestock feed and industrial purposes. In other parts of the world, most potatoes are consumed. The rel­ atively large proportion (12 percent) of the harvest that is used for planting material makes potatoes expensive in many develop­ ing areas where seed is imported.

International TradeBecause of their bulkiness and perishabil­

ity, root crops are not commonly exported. The only ones that are traded in a significant volume are cassava and potatoes. Developing countries annually export about 27 million tons (fresh-weight equivalent) of cassava, most of which is dehydrated livestock feed for Europe (Table F). About a quarter of

Underground Crops 21

this is re-exported to other countries, mostly within the European Community. In 1984 developed countries exported about 7 million tons of potatoes mostly to other developed countries. About 1.2 million tons were im­ ported by developing countries. An signifi­ cant, but unknown, amount of the potatoes imported by developing countries was certi­ fied seed, primarily from Europe. M,

PricesIt is extremely difficult to estimate root

crop prices because they vary so much over time and from location to location. More­ over, since root crjps are not generally traded internationally, port authorities do not maintain price records for them, as they do for the major traded commodities. The best source of internationally comparable farm-gate root crop prices is a set of price weights accumulated by the FAO Basic Data Unit for constructing index numbers of total agricultural production. Table 31 presents the root crop prices for 1981, the most recent year for which the prices are reasonably comprehensive. These have been converted into US dollars using two exchange rates: the official exchange rate for 1981 obtained from International Financial Statistics and an es­ timated black market exchange rate obtained from Pick's Currency Yearbook.

Regional averages are not presented in this table because of the spottiness of the data. A general pattern that can be discerned is that cassava and sweet potatoes tend to be the cheapest crops and potatoes the most expensive. Farm-gate potato prices, con­ verted to U.S. dollars, tend to be lower in developed countries than in developing countries. While part of this difference is due to overvaluation of exchange rates in several developing countries, in many developing ar­ eas, particularly in Africa, Asia, and Central

America, potatoes are costlier than in most temperate-zone industrial nations.

A Note on African Root Crops Data

Paul Dorosh

For many countries of Africa, statistics on agricultural production, especially produc­ tion of root crops, are based on extrapola­ tions from small, often dated surveys. Re­ ported annual fluctuations in area, yield, or production must be treated with caution be­ cause some countries' statistical agencies as­ sume a constant growth rate in area or pro­ duction In other countries, a sharp break in the trend of production estimates, may be due to changes in estimation procedure rather than to actual changes in production (e.g., cassava production trends in Cameroon, Rwanda, and Tanzania). In ad­ dition, some countries' production estimates ( e.g., for cassava in Nigeria) differ sharply from FAO estimates. These facts must be kept in mind when interpreting the data for Africa as a whole.

Accurate estimates of cassava production are perhaps most difficult to obtain because much of the crop is left in the ground 12 months or more, and in many places planting and harvesting take place throughout the year. Area and yield are also made more difficult to estimate because plant spacing for cassava intercropped with other species varies widely among farming systems.

The estimates for yams need to be con­ sidered cautiously because there is consider­ able uncertainty about the level of yam pro­ duction in Nigeria, which accounts for about 80 percent of world yam production accord­ ing to FAO estimates. The reported growth rate of yam production in Nigeria in the 1960s and 1970s is higher than that of cas-

22 Douglas Horton

sava, in contrast to longer-run trends and the observations of many researchers. In com­ paring production of yams with that of other crops, it is important to realize that use of yams as yam setts for replanting typically ac­ counts for about 20 percent of the crop har­ vest. (Surprisingly, use of yams for seed has been omitted in the FAO utilization account for Ghana, the third largest producer of yams.)

The picture of cocoyams in Africa given by the FAO data is distorted by the apparent lack of data for Cameroon. FAO production data indicates no cocoyam production in Cameroon, but a large volume of "unspecified" root crops. The absence of data on cocoyams may arise from confusion be­ tween the two genera of cocoyams, Xantho soma and Colacasia, both of which are widely grown in the country. Cocoyams of both genera are apparently included in the production figures of other major West African producers of edible aroids, however. If the "unspecified" figure is largely cocoyam

Symbols Used in Tables

In all tables, zero (0) indicates a value is less than one-half the indicated unit of measurement.

Ellipsis (.. .) indicates that no estimate is available, or that the variable docs not apply to the country and year in question. For example, in Tables 1 through 21, zeros indicate that production of the crop was less than 500 tons or area was less than 500 hectares. The symbol ... in the tables presenting yields indicates that no yield estimate is available, usually because no production was recorded in that country that year.

production, a reasonable assumption, Cameroon may be Africa's'second leading producer of edible aroids.

Finally, the price statistics for root crops, especially cassava, need to be carefully han­ dled. Fresh cassava roots deteriorate quickly and are generally sold in retail markets in small quantities, compared with the large volumes of processed cassava. Hence if the price of fresh roots is used instead of the much lower price of dried cassava, the value of cassava production may be overstated by a factor of two to four. On the other hand, the considerable value of cassava leaves, which are widely consumed in Central Africa, is missed in calculations based only on the pro­ duction of roots.

References,f'

Consultative Group on International Agri­ cultural Research, Technical Advisory Committee. 1987. CGIAR priorities and future strategies, Rome: FAO.

FAO. 1986. Role of roots, tubers, and plan­ tains in food security in Sub-Saharan Africa. Rome.

FAO. l%i.Role of roots, tubers, and plan­ tains in food security in Latin America. Rome.

Horton, D.; Lynam, J.; and Knipscheer, H. 1984. Root crops in developing coun- tries--An economic appraisal. In Sixf/i Symposium: International Society for Tropical Root Crops. Lima: International Potato Center.

International Monetary Fund. 1986. Interna­ tional financial statistics. Washington D.C..

Kay, D.E. 1973. Root crops. London: Tropi­ cal Products Institute.

Pick, F. ed. 1983. Pick's currency yearbook, 23rd Edition 1982-1983. New York.

Tables

1. Cassava production2. Cassava area3. Cassava yield4. Edible aroid production5. Edible aroid area6. Edible aroid yield7. Potato production8. Potato area9. Potatoyield

10. Sweet potato production11. Sweet potato area12. Sweet potato yield13. Yam production14. Yam area15. Yam yield16. Unspecified production17. Unspecified area18. Unspecified yield

19. Root crop production summary20. Root crop area summary21. Root crop yield summary22. Per capita root crop production and

availability/or consumption and to supply dietary energy and protein

23. Proportion of calories provided by root crop in daily diets

24. Cassava balance sheet25. Edible aroid balance sheet26. Potato balance sheet27. Sweet potato balance sheet28. Yam balance sheet29. Unspecified roots and tubers

balance sheet30. Root crop trade31. Farm-gate root crop prices

TABLE 1Cassava production, 1961-85 (0001)

Country

WORLD

AFRICAAngolaBeninBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCape VerdeCent.Afr.Rep.ChadComorosCongoCote d'K/oireEq.GuineaGabonGambiaGhanaGuineaKenyaLiberiaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritiusMozambiqueNigerNigeriaReunionRwandaSao Tome Prn.SenegalSeychellesSierra LeoneSomaliaSudanTanzaniaTogoUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabwe

N. & C. AMERICABahamasBarbadosCosta RicaCubaDominicaDominican Rp.El SalvadorGuadeloupeGuatemalaHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoNicaraguaPanamaPuerto RicoSaint LuciaSt.VincentTrinidad Tob.

61

71018

31234125028030

420580

57203050

48046040

2856

1100450420250926147500

2000130

73845

1252

1450

5616

2002600400

11208680

15041

596116

1601

1408

105

1602093

3011186133

62

74410

319641275

32027

420600

5730

4050

480500

40290

6110043043025096114750^1

2100133

7583!5

1342

1570

5416

2002900

40010558900

15042

610116

1621

1489

135

1602193

3012186124

63

77894

32585130033026

420620

5740

4755

470470

38280

6119442044025598413640

12000

1367783

5209

2153

061i7

2003000

41511409000

14542

623117

1701

147955

17023

93

3012186124

64

82262

33322132035025

450650

57605860

50049040

2806

1229450450252984136300

2050149

79825

1742

1560

6118

2003100430985

930014143

633117

1701

153955

1702493

3213196124

65

85173

348651400

40026

450675

5780

6575

50050040

2808

1400420460255

117113530

02000

1508182

3178

2150

07220

2003200

45013009700

13943

679117

2001

15210

55

180ft

93

341420

6133

66

84340

34962150055027

450705

35787063

480515

41280

81552433470255

1022138

310

2150149

83825

1982

2410

8320

2003300

470900

950014544

686117

2001

15310

56

18025123

361521

5133

67

88276

35933152545030

460756

36299065

465520

41280

71577446480255

104314032

02200169

85815

2302

2390

8020

1603500495

10639700

15044

711118

2101

15211

26

19025153

381622

6134

68

92881

36412154542530

460758

367011066

460530

42285

81446450490260

1140142330

2326198

88013

2332

2320

6623

1403600

510930

980015045

721118

2101

1551136

1903283

4016245133

69

95382

376761590500

30460595

371612568

448532

42285

81500470500260

12538933

02547

1979040

3283

2177

'J6123

1303500

5451440

1002015545

757118

2201

16512

56

20030113

401724

5144

70

97806

397471600510

30410654

276414070

461540

42285

81550480510265

12188135

02500

18210206

3345

2162

08325

1343428550

192010346

16046

n• 786

118

2201

17011

56

20528203

431735

4133

71

98476

39220160060030

420662

182014472

47556745

290„ 81550495520267

1210100400

2500166

91724

3723

1381

8226

1343192560

241710329

16347

799119

2101

1841347

21027173

4618374133

72

101052

405511620

61530

380719

087314574

489585

45290

81650

505530267

1213139300

250095

95704

3503

1501

8326

1343475

5052650

10585165

49

849119

2201

1951447

23025213

491939

4134

continued

COUNTRY

WORLDAFRICAAngolaBeninBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCap* VerdeCent.Afr.Rep.ChadComorosCongoCote d'rvolreEq.GuineaGabonGambiaGhanaGuineaKenyaLiberiaMadagascarMalawiMallMauritiusMozambiqueNigerNigeriaReunionRwandaSao Tome Prn.SenegalSeychellesSierra LeoneSomaliaSudanTanzaniaTogoUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabwe

N.& C.AMERICABahamasBarbadosCosta RicaCubaDominicaDominican Rp.El SalvadorGuadeloupeGuatemalaHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoNicaraguaPanamaPuerto Rico

\ Saint LuciaSt. Vincent

'• Trinidad Tob.

73

101341

409811630599

20430732

194513676

49062546

2909

1600598540250

1175247

300

2450156

96004

3633

1311

8426

1403770

4282132

1101516545

84111

10230

1197

1547

22014153

522039

5135

74

104679

42603168057830

345811

289814078

51562346

2809

1600604550245

1264254350

2500201

100004

3603

1200

812792

4179436

235011447

16550

84711

11238

1192

1637

22011153

552140

5135

75

110166

46435171056235

440765

365016080

55093948

2609

1900610560252

1309260400

2600176

106004

3943

1090

8128

1305480

4372992

11844167

, > 48

87511

12246

1191

1727

23510193

5622404135

76

114256

469431740624

35445810

6850163

81556990

49250

101819616605275

1390267

450

2700197

108004

4153

680

873099

5500448

283811910

16950

87811

13254

1171

1328

2409

211

682340

4135

77

117731

468871760625

40450800

690017083

56097750

2169

1811622610285

141227350

02800

18010600

4444

375

0893195

5111392

299312139

17250

91611

14262

118513

18

2508

281

6625404135

78

121275

45554170072140

500632

394017585

5801056

52229

61695629620295

1594280550

2900205

105004

3733

810

8930

1034824319

202811779

17552

95411

14312

1185

1518

2618

301

3926404135

79

117201

456021800735

42365643

4940180

85600

111252

2396

1759475630300

1570288

560

3000224

105004

6543

250

9031

1275146

3701294

1200017854

88211

15320

111920

18

2549

240

332440

4135

80

124882

48464185058342

400625

392021086

6281253

53250

61858480635300

1683292

600

3100162

110004

5423

270

9532

1225631

4332072

1278518060

82811

18325

18120

18

2507

230

2026343134

81

127941

49727190057542

451638

490022587

6491218

53237

61652485221315

1670295620

3200188

110004

5373

340

9733

1256000408

300013172

19050

86311

19330

1942528

2527

220

3026343134

82

127520

516071950610

43444519

1940240

88650

123053

2506

1976490390320

1898296

650

3250190

117004

5933

320

10034

1255000

3723300

14185200

60

86111

21330

17623

29

2607

170

432735

3133

83

125250

507871950

58042

444600

1860250

89600

121054

2606

1729494250320

19922S8

700

3150180

99505

6713

170

10535

1255400

3673800

14600210

70

86411

21300

110223

29

2657

170

432734

3133

84

133897

56187195069540

511650

290028090

6001230

54245

64083496612320

2047299750

3150170

118005

3243

170

10036

1255600444

390015038

21080

89611

18300

112928

39

2657

200

4327342133

85

136230

56557195079544

520670

292029092

6101500

55250

62373500400320

2142300730

3180190

130005

3503

120

11037

1285500

4394000

1550021082

88811

20300

11252329

2657

190

432735

2133

continuea

TABLE 1 (CONTINUED)Cassava production 1961-85 (0001)It'\\ (Country

SOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilColombiaEcuadorFrench GuianaParaguayPeruSurinameVenezuela

ASIABrunei Darus.BurmaChinaEast TimorIndiaIndonesiaKampuchea Dm.LaosMalaysiaPhilippinesSingaporeSri LankaTaiwanThailandViet Nam

OCEANIACook IslandsRjiFr.PolynesiaNew CadeloniaPacific Is.Papua N.GuineaSolomon Is.TongaWallis Etc.

DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

61

21052225148

18058650221

8994407

2339

1797524

94010

196911190

1410

125495

3297226

1726965

1615

80535

53072

71018

0

62

22934243135

19843780212

9997390

2323

1871425

100016

189211386

1311

150458

3282224

20771196

1685

80545

550

122

74410

0

63

25415231138

22249800209

61000438

2342

1909514

95013

175711679

1311

174596

3312217

21111253

1775

80545

570

182

77894

0

64

27890240140

24356700189

61449497

2312

2023714

10009

282312262

159

146646

3369242

15571150

1805

80555

590

192

82262

0

65

28727260150

24993800254

61512449

2301

2072215

11009

303312643

3010

165614

3328265

14751040

1805

78555

610

192

85173

0

66

28476241160

24710840276

51437487

1320

200301

101100

153467

112321910

199529

3289264

18921000

1864

82655

630

192

84340

0

67

31212303180

27268850323

51460507

1316

2023318

12008

381710747

2311

206482

3383299

2062982

1864

82645

651

182

88276

0

68

33048273200

29203886234

61504399

1341

225102

131400

174644

113564012

199487

4425342

2611960

1904

83645

671

182

92881

0

69

34246301213

30074950390

71549450

2310

225112

151500

234636

109172713

204442

4403316

3079930

1934

84645

701

182

95382

0

70

33949292221

294641200

3713

1580498

2317

231282

141600

185214

104783015

288427

3354308

3431945

1974

85646

721

182

97806

0

71 72

35138 34680295 244234 242

30229 298291990 2010383 377

4 41198 1208482 446

2 2323 318

23117 247663 3

12 101800 1900

17 75130 6026

10690 1038515 2117 20

245 302440 445

3 3372 318290 325

3114 3974970 1027

202 2054 4

87 886 64 46 6

75 771 1

17 172 2

98476 101052

0 0

Country

SOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilColombiaEcuadorFrench GuianaParaguayPeruSurinam*VenezuelaASIABrunei Dams.BurmaChinaEast TimorIndiaIndonesiaKampuchea Dm.LaosMalaysiaPhilippinesSingaporeSri LankaTaiwanThailandWet Nam

OCEANIACook IslandsFijiFr.PolynesiaNew CadeloniaPacific Is.Papua N.GuineaSolomon Is.TongaWallis Etc,

DEVELOPINGCOUNTRIES

DEVELOPEDCOUNTRIES

73

31149177245

265271998355

41106460

2272

281612

152000

206371

111862323

327480

2616328

56681100

2094

89647

800

172

101341

0

74

30079299270

247982126

4244

1395469

2293

309382

392000

176421

130312724

345608

2707376

62401100

2114

90637

821

172

104679

0

75

31233300285

261182021354

91428400

2317

314302

152100

06326

125465620

336685

1780279

70941191

2134

91618

841

162

110186

0

76

30448225305

254431846348

81573402

2295

357712

152200

06638

121918034

3601154

1748294

102301824

2164

91628

861

162

114256

0

77

31050183294

259291973

2248

1719414

2304

386592

222200

06375

1248811244

3701711

1557275

118402663

2194

92728

881

152

117731

0

78

30626182211

254592044

1688

1838410

2304

439191

282300

05688

1290213355

3401782

1586250

163583495

2224

92729

901

152

121275

0

/f

79

30055183201

249621909183

81888403

3315

404381

232500

06050

1375114360

3502254

1535226

111013444

2254

93739

921

142

117201

0

80

29051222219

234662150

2298

2031400

2325

463111

SO3300

05845

1377415068

3302277

1499185

165403290

2284

9473

1094

113

2

124882

0

81

29971200191

245162150

2378

2012327

2327

471481

543500

05868

1330014570

3602255

1526159

177443165

2324

9473

1096

1142

127941

0

82

29239216288

240721552

1848

2111504

3301

455830

633600

05292

129886172

3751987

1573118

177882665

2304

9063

1098

1152

127520

0

83

26913139180

218481555

1958

2300361

3325

464591

633800

05341

122299074

3702000

0722

80189892700

2274

8553

10100

1162

125250

0

84

26710140280

214661386239

82500

3564

331

498731

634000

05606

142059576

3601551

0683

68199852900

2304

8753

10101

1162

133897

0

85

28815140376

231111435234

82861337

4310

497271

643800

05569

1376210080

3702117

075070

200443000

2434

9753

10103

1172

136230

0

NOTES: Derived from FAO, Basic Data Unit, Production Account (unpublished, May 1986 update). Includes countries produc­ ing 500 tons or more during one or more years in the period. Regional totals include figures for countries not listed. All calculations were done with unrounded numbers.

TABLE 2Cassava area, 1961-1985 (000 ha)

Country

WORLDAFRICAAngolaBeninBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCap* VerdeOnt.Afr.Rtp.ChadComorosCongoCoted'lvoireEq.GuineaGabonGambiaGhanaGuineaKanyaLiberiaMadagascarMalawiMallMauritiusMozambiqueNigerNigeriaReunionRwandaSao Tom* Prn.SenegalSeychellesSierra LeoneSomaliaSudanTanzaniaTogoUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabweN.& C.AMERICABahamasBarbadosCosta RicaCubaDominicaDominican Rp.El SalvadorGuadeloupeGuatemalaHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoNicaraguaPanamaPuerto RicoSaint LuciaSt.VlncentTrinidad Tob.

61

91445096

11074

536

1401

2204

1895

1531540

1140605562

1602180

43016

7801

210

360

202

6057025

3171340

4614

112002

240

28112

404102323000

62

9610

5431110825

36400

1200

51895

1761543

1140605662

1642180

43017

8651

220

380

202

6058025

2641350

4614

113002

240

30112

404102322000

63

10006

5488110845

36410

1200

102095

2101243

1159605764

1642060

43016

8011

470

340

202

60590

25286

13504614

115002

250

29102

424102322000

64

10161

5591110905

38420

1200

1520

100220

1243

1163605863

16420

50

43017

8701

140

330

212

60600

26240

14104614

116002

250

30102

424102322000

65

10512

573111598

538

4301

2001823

100227

12432

150605964

1731950

43019

8290

150

380

182

6061028

3591420

4614

123002

280

30102

454102322000

66

10354

5730115915

38450

0236222194

19213432

186606070

17020

50

43021

9101

200

640

202

6062030

2171380

4715

124002

280

30112

454202422000

67

10717

587611575

540

4601

243282296

20213432

183656172

17320

50

43024

9581

230

630

192

54625

29253

14104815

128002

300

30102

474102422000

68

10902

587012070

540

4701

249352297

20015432

172656277

17720

50

43027

9020

260

630

162

47660

30227

14304815

130002

300

31102

475102421000

69

11088

6005120108

540

3961

255402297

16415442

200706377

1841550

44928

9060

280

390

152

4471530

3001460

5015

139002

330

33202

505202421000

70

11165

6119120116

536

4160

2624423

100163

15442

210706478

1851450

45024

8570

290

390

172

37700

31400

14935215

143002

330

34102

514202441000

71

11566

6363123108

536

4580

2684523

100170

17452

210716581

1951750

45024

9200

310

310

172

36670

33508

15275316

146002

330

36102

524202541000

72

11782

6399123101

535

4790

275452498

17517452

220725677

1952350

45019

9600

290

410

172

35720

28375

15715316

150002

330

39102

524202541000

continued

Country

WORLDAFRICAAngolaBeninBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCape VerdeCent.Afr.Rep.ChadComorosCongoCote d'lvoireEq.GuineaGabonGambiaGhanaGuineaKenyaLiberiaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritiusMozambiqueNigerNigeriaReunionRwandaSao Tome Prn.SenegalSeychellesSierra LeoneSomaliaSudanTanzaniaTogoUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabweN. & C. AMERICABahamasBarbadosCosta RicaCubaDominicaDominican Rp.El SalvadorGuadeloupeGuatemalaHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoNicaraguaPanamaPuerto RicoSaint LuciaSt.VincentTrinidad Tob.

73

12239

6684123975

37475

0283

4525

100186

18463

224856771

18935

50

50024

9700

300

290

172

34780

21483

13075316

151002

340

39102

523203551000

74

12605

691312497

534

5000

3024525

105185

19473

225866870

1913850

50031

10000

290

330

173

34870

21485

16485317

151003

350

38103

523203551000

75

12697

7042120776

39478

12864726

10017020463

285877072

2034050

55035

10500

320

370

173

43700

21618

16885316

155002

360

38203

553203551000

76

12805

684512079

639

5081

290472682

18520403

250887476

21641

60

55022

10800

350

250

173

3855022

5121724

5317

154002

370

34103

563204651000

77

13236

692112085

639

5151

3054827

10219321403

232897979

2134260

60021

11000

370

190

183

38450

21540

17595317

161002

380

37103

573304651000

78

13741

7089120111

640

5451

315492796

20422402

235908082

27343

70

60026

11000

400

170

203

42450

23529

17785317

169003

450

37203

583302650000

79

13321

6923130113

639

5531

310502895

21222402

219688082

2674470

60228

11500

40080

203

50450

28303

18005518

162005

460

24202

633302650000

80

13386

6832130886

39402

1300

552891

21922412

230698185

27745

70

60021

12000

46080

253

45450

22302

18185519

154005

470

16202

631302750000

81

13702

696613094

639

3971

287602894

22923402

210854287

2874570

60026

12000

45080

283

4545023

3001968

5918

158005

480

18203

631202750000

82

13790

7237130

i\ 946

40383

0300652994

23523412

260707587

3144580

60026

12500

46090

303

4545023

3502026

6019

151005

490

10203

641202750000

83

13430

7112130876

40390

0290652994

24924422

210717087

3294680

50025

11500

47060

313

4545020

4002086

6019

155005

460

17203

650202750000

84

14085

7554130996

45400

0300653094

23025422

436706187

3364690

55025

12500

40060

303

45450

10400

21506120

159005

460

20203

650202750000

85

13956

7492130116

645

4100

310673294

27025422

290716087

3514680

57026

12000

43040

313

46450

15410

21506120

161005

460

23203

650202750000

continued

TABLE 2 (CONTINUED)Cassava art*, 1961-1985 (000 ha)

Country

SOUTH AMERICAArgtntinaBoliviaBrazilColombiaEcuadorFrench GuianaParaguayParuSurinam*VenezuelaASIABrunei Darus.BurmaChinaEast TimorIndiaIndonesiaKampuchea Dm.LamMalaysiaPhilippinesSingaporeSri LankaTaiwanThailandVletNamOCEANIACook IslandsFijiFr.PolynesiaNew CaledoniaPacific to.Papua N.GuineaSolomon Is.TongaWallis Etc.DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

61

16961813

138111525

170410

34

222300

804

2741478

11

14930

391799

122

16070015010

9144

0

62

18072013

147613823

171390

26

224300

856

2651449

12

16800

3418

122164

16070106010

9610

0

63

19591913

161814227

171440

25

242800

855

2471598

12

19940

4917

139172

16070106010

10006

0

64

20772113

171612524

1103500

25

235900

905

2441579

11

15930

4517

105163

16070106010

10161

0

65

21282313

175014225

1108410

25

251401

904

2401754

21

17900

5318

101143

16070106010

10512

0

66

21522113

178014228

1102400

26

233301

956

2711514

11

22870

4917

129139

17070116010

10354

0

67

23012515

1914144v27

19742

035

239501

1004

2901524

21

23840

7119

140137

170700170

, 10

10717

0

68

23982517

199815227

1101370

41

248801

1205

3471503

31

22860

7321

170135

17070117010

10902

0

69

24422517

202915535

1103380

39

248501

1307

3591467

31

23830

6922

189132

17070017010

11088

0

70

24342618

2025150350

103390

39

245101

1407

3531396

31

31820

6021

224131

17070017010

11165

0

71

25722818

2071249

371

95380

40

246701

1507

3451406

11

28830

6820

220136

17070017010

11566

0

72

25582418

2053251

411

9336

041

265801

1608

3541468

21

2887

05921

325142

18070018010

11782

0

•7,0

Country

SOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilColombiaEcuadorFrench GuianaParaguayPeruSurinam*V*rMzu«laASIABrunei Darus.BurmaChinaEast TimorIndiaIndonesiaKampuchea Dm.LaosMalaysiaPhilippinesSingaporeSri LankaTaiwanThailandV/ietNam

OCEANIACook IslandsFijiFr.PolynetlaNew CaledoniaPacific Is.Papua N.GuineaSolomon Is.TongaWallts Etc.DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

73

25802019

210425036

180370

34

280601

1708

3631429

32

21950

11521

428150

1807'

6018010

12239

0

74

25182321

2006250

491

9038

040

300504

1708

3681509

32

2290

018224

473150

18^ I' -, 8

0018010

12605

0

75

25452022

2041257

351

97360

37

293702

1800

3881410

61

27119

0165

19460160

18080018010

12697

0

76

25852222

209423333

1107360

37

320202

1800

3921353

102

36145

0151

18680232

19080018010

12805

0

77

ttfAA£OQO

2123

2176218

311

116370

45

346702

1900

3861364

153

36178

09618

830350

19080018010

13236

0

78

26242215

2149217

241

120360

41

384003

2000

3581383

194

33182

07417

1150417

19080018010

13741

0

79

25952116

2111222

201

12635

043

362203

2000

3621439

224

34192

05415

830468

20080019010

13321

0

60

25012318

201620825

1136330

41

387903

2260

3521412

255

32204

05112

1117439

20080019010

13386

0

81

25522218

2067207

261

135320

43

400606

2300

3211388

255

35211

05611

1243475

20080019010

13702

0

82

25852423

212217120

1141440

39

379706

2350

3231324

105

35224

059

81087480

21080019010

13790

0

83

25151615

206117320

1155330

41

362905

2400

30212/2

105

36225

0555

1018485

20080019010

13430

0

84

22871633

181615324

117033

141

406505

2400

3191339

135

30216

057

51335500

2106011

10010

14085

0

85

23661641

186715726

118632

139

391505

2400

3081255

156

35280

0566

1229500

2108001

10010

13956

0

NOTES: See Table 1.

TABLES, 1961-85 (t/ha)

Country

WORLDAFRICAAngolaBeninBurkina FatoBurundiCameroonCap* VardaCent.Afr.Rtp.ChadComoro*CongoCote d'hwlreEq.GuineaGabonGambiaGhanaGuineaKenyaUberiaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritiusMozambiqueNigerNigeriaReunionRwandaSao Tom* Prn.SenegalSeychellesSierra LeoneSomaliaSudanTanzaniaTogoUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabweN. & C. AMERICABahamasBarbadosCosta RicaCubaDominicaDominican RepEl SalvadorGuadeloupeGuatemalaHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoNicaraguaPanamaPuerto RicoSaint LuciaSt.VincentTrinidad Tob.

61

86

1146

12453835337588846767589

106

10463

1035

164633

58

3047

1058

10345

111520

41024

129

62

8

61245

12254835337587846769589

106

10463

1035

164733

58

3247

1058

10346

111720

41034

129

63

8

61245

1225453523758784677

1058

10104

10563

1035

174733

58

3047

1058

10346

111520

41034

129

64

8

61245

1225443523766884676

10599

101210563

1035

174733

59

3147

1058

10346

111520

41034

129

65

8

61245

1225443523749784776

1058

108

1210464

1035

164733

69

3047

1058

10346

111520

41034

129

66

8

61365

1227233533748784676

18579

101011464

1035

164733

61028

47

105893467

1520

41034

129

67

8

61366

1226333533749784676

17579

101010464

1036

174733

6102847

1058

10346

111520

41044

129

68

9

61366

12263

>/ 3-" 3

'•'• 533748783677

1757

1089

11464

1035

174733

61030

47

1058

113478

1520

41044

119

69

9

61356

1226333533648783767

1767

108

1010564

1035

185733

5112747

1058

133467

1520

41034

159

70

9

61346

1125333533647783767

1767

128

1211465

1145

185733

5112747

1058

113479

1520

4844

139

71

9

61366

1215333533647783668

1667

10101210465

1145

175733

5112746

105

12103478

1320

4834

139

72

9

61366

1122333533638783666

1665

10101211465

1145

187733

61227

47

105

12103479

2020

4934

1310

continued

Country

WORLDAFRICAAngolaBeninBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCape VerdeCent.Alr.Rep.ChadComorosCongoCote d'lvoireEq.GuineaGabonGambiaGhanaGuineaKenyaLiberiaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritiusMozambiqueNigerNigeriaReunionRwandaSao Tome Prn.SenegalSeychellesSierra LeoneSomaliaSudanTanzaniaTogoUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabweN.& C.AMERICABahamasBarbadosCosta RicaCubaDominicaDominican RepEl SalvadorGuadeloupeGuatemalaHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoNicaraguaPanamaPuerto RicoSaint LuciaSt.VincentTrinidad Tob.

73

e6

1364

1225333533637784676

1857

10101210565

1145

204733

6122657

105

12103448

2020

4934

1312

74

8

61466

1025333532637784777

1656

101013114

• 75

1135

215733

6132647

105

1210343 •''8

2020

4934

1212

75

9

71476

1125333662637784678

1855

10101211365

1138

215733

61326

67

1059

103439

20194984

1212

76

9

71586

1126333752637784678

1759

10101211365

113

1020

6733

61325

77

1059

1034397

174974

1213

77

9

715

' 77

1226343652538784778

1759

10101210455

112

11196733

6132577

105

10834393

164974

1213

78

9

61477

1313343652638784678

1858

10109

11554

112

11144733

6132557

105

10835395

164884

1213

79

9

71467

1014343652638784679

20589

101611355

113

11134733

51325

37

105

12834393

134883

1213

80

9

71477

1023343762638784669

17589

101211354

113

13207733

51324

47

105

12934693

104783

1212

81

9

71567

1225343752638654679

25579

101211453

113

131810733

51324

47

105

12934593

144783

1212

82

9

71567

1114343752638754679

13579

101311453

113

11169733

61324

47

107

12944893

184783

1213

83

9

71577

1125343652638744669

15679

101411353

113

121810744

6142457

106

13944

1993

184783

1213

84

10

71576

11273436526397

104679

16679

108

11353

113

124510734

61424

47

106

151444

1893

184783

1112

85

10

81577

1228343662638774679

1467

11108

11354

113

122910734

61424

47

105

13944

1893

184773

1112

continued

TABLE 3 (CONTINUED)CatMva yitU, 1961-85 (t/ha)

Country

SOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilColombiaEcuadorFrench GuianaParaguayPeruSurinameVenezuelaASIABrunei Darus.BurmaChinaEast TimorIndiaIndonesiaKampuchea Dm.LaosMalaysiaPhilippinesSingaporeSri LankaTaiwanThailandVletNamOCEANIACook IslandsFijiFr.PolyntsiaNew CaledoniaPacific Is.Papua N.GuineaSolomon Is.TongaWallis Etc.

DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

61

12131213697

14108

10

86

1112378

121095

138

13178

103611177

1010859

8

...

62

13121013697

14109

13

86

1012378

15796

148

12177

113611177

1110889

8

...

63 „

13121114688

14108

14

8S

1011377

13796

146

13157

113611177

11108

139

8

...

64

13121114688

14108

13

95

11112

128

1910107

148

14157

113711178

11108

149

8

...

65

131111146

108

14119

12

86

11122

137

1710107

136

14157

113711178

11108

149

8

...

66

131212146

108

14126

13

96

11122

137

171396

136

15157

113012188

10108

149

8

...

67

14121214

•\ 6',) 12u 8Vs

1269

86

10122

137

111496

135

16157

113012188

10109

149

8

...

68

14111215698

1511'••Vy e8

96

10123

138

121396

126

16157

113711178

10108

149

9

...

69

141213156

118

151268

98

11123

137

101395

116

15167

1128121889

109

1410

9

...

70

141113158

118

151388

98

11113

157

111495

116

15157

1127121889

109

1410

9

...

71

141213158

107

131378

98

10122

158

111495

106

15147

1227121889

109

1410

9

...

72

14101315897

131278

98

1012

1177

111511585

16127

1236121889

108

1410

9

...

Country

SOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilColombiaEcuadorFrench GuianaParaguayPeruSurinameVenezuelaASIABrunei Darus.BurmaChinaEast TimorIndiaIndonesiaKampuchea Dm.LaosMalaysiaPhilippinesSingaporeSri LankaTaiwanThailandVietNamOCEANIACook IslandsFijiFr.PolynesiaNew CaledoniaPacific Is.Papua N.GuineaSolomon Is.TongaWallis Etc.DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

73

129

13138

107

141278

108

10122

1889

1516585

16137

1226121889

117

1410

8

74

12131312997

151277

108

11122

1799

15167

114

16137

1228121989

118

1410

8

...

75

121513138

1011151158

1189

12it*

1699

15126

115

15157

1232121969

119

1410

9

...

76

121014128

1110151168

1189

12...1798

15108

115

16158

1232121989

119

1410

9

77

129

131297

10151167

1189

12...1797

161010116

16148

1232121989

11111410

9

...

78

128

141297

10151187

1189

12...

1697

151010118

15148

12321219

99

11111310

9

...

79

129

131299

10151177

1189

13...17107

151012111015137

11.-32""~~12

1999

11121310

9

...

80

12101212109

11151258

128

1615...17106

151011111015157

1132121999

11121210

9

...

81

129

1112109

11151058

128

1015...18106

151011 ,119

14147

1132121899

11131310

9

...

82

119

131199

11151178

128

1115...16106

15119

111014166

11331120

79

11141410

v,9

.•••

83

119

12119

1011151168

13101216...

18109

15109

111315196

11321117

79

11141510

9

...

84

1298

129

1011151168

128

1217*n

18117

14127

111214156

1132111769

11141510

10

...

85

1299

1299

11151068

138

1216...18117

14118

111312166

1233121779

11151510

10

...

NOTES: See Table 1.

TABLE 4Edibto aroid production, 1961-85 (OOOt)

Country

WORLDAFRICABtninBurundiCent.Afr.Rep.ChadCoted'lvoireEgyptGabonGhanaGuineaLiberiaMftdKSfttCftrMauritiusNigeriaRwandaSltrra LeoneTogoZairaN.& C.AMERICABarbados CubaDominicaDominican Rp.PanamaTrinidad Tob.SOUTH AMERICAFrench GuianaPeruVenezuelaASIAChinaCyprusJapanKorea Rep.LebanonMaldivesPhilippinesTaiwanThailand

OCEANIAAmerican SamoaFijiKiribatiNew CaledoniaNiuePapua N.GuineaSamoaSolomon Is.TongaWallis Etc.

61

4129

24668

13540

51202540

7492713OAIW

11147

10251819

711

251323

45

6675

54

1306700

4484

110

9422

0

2213

36131

121201024

2

62

4660

292017

13540

51502140

7623013860

154510251822

751

25132755

7095

56

1366730

4506

110

101210

2293

36131

1252110272

63

4802

294018

140406

1522738

7752513A7Of

11551

10201721

931

45132455

7295

58

1464750

7581

110

104200

2343

36131

1292111272

64

4805

301910

145406

1563138

7882013an tyy0

162111201615

941

43132656

6753

59

1388750

8493

010

112240

2373

34131

1342211272

65

4895

30556

14540

61603335

8252813Q13f i

01602

11201723

981

47142556

7256

61

1426800

18478

110

106220

2453

37131

1382211272

66

4933

30238

135406

1603535

964261392• • 7*>

01433

10181830

1241

71142657

7759

63

1462800

20521

010

99210

2483

34131

143231227

2

67

5043

320513

140406

1623735

8972714930

164810211845

981

421427

6«11

7968

65

1417820

18459

010

9721

0

2433

26131

145231227

2

68

4911

296711

14542

61624332

9772714o«>3f9

01327

7191942

102

(43//IBi 29

9.'/ "

8049

67

1510850

15527

110

96200

2514

30131

1472512282

69

5415

342913

135476

1784132

9992614970

172534231940

961

35153169

844

1269

1551900

8524

120

93230

2545

30131

1492512272

70

5585

361515

134446

1823130

11362814Q4S7^

01791

31222038

751

121532

69

775

1556

1562900

5542

121

9120

0

2563

31131

152251227;-2

71

5247

32267

137466

1893230

11362614QQyy0

140022232039

781

141633

69

859

1858

1596920

6558

121

8821

1

2624

31131

154271228

2

72

5159

31296

125476

1954128

9452813890

150024232039

931

26163479

859

2353

1587950

6520

220

8620

1

2664

32131

156271328

2

DEVELOPING NATIONS 3645 4153 4222 4312 4417 4413 4583 4384 4891 5043 4689 4640

DEVELOPEDNATIONS 484 508 581 493 478 521 459 527 524 542 558 520

Country

WORLDAFRICABeninBurundiCfnt.Afr.Rep.ChadCott d'lvoireEgyptGabonGhanaGuineaLiberiaMadagascarMauritiusNigeriaRwandaSierra LeoneTogoZaireN. & C. AMERICABarbadosCubaDominicaDominican Rp.PanamaTrinidad Tob.

SOUTH AMERICAFrench GuianaPeruVenezuelaASIAChinaCyprusJapanKorea Rep.LebanonMaldivesPhilippinesTaiwanThailand

OCEANIAAmerican SamoaFijiKiribatiNew CaledoniaNiuePapua N.GuineaSamoaSolomon Is.TongaWallis Etc.

73

5783

3875a

140486

2003829

1325281366

11850

19232141

921

2016378

10

76102441

1472970

6385

111

87200

2694

32131

158271328

2

74

6032

40628

11248

6206

6132

1510291577

01850

20232342

1001

261739

810

78102643

1521970

4430

211

8923

1

2724

33131

160271328

2

75

5715

377710

143507

2636336

11002915650

187018232243

1071

3317388

10

76102145

1479980

5370

211

9327

1

2774

33221

1623014292

76

5617

358812

145506

2577739

7732915840

200016201846

1171

4418368

10

623

2236

15671000

5426

311

11218

1

2834

33221

164321429

2

77

5735

341412

148516

2607239

722301557

01900

19201746

1641

861941

810

683

1747

18041200

3430

311

12440

2

2854

33231

1663214292

78

5832

344712

140527

2758343

7263015720

190018201737

2941

21720378

10

544

1633

17501200

3341

310

140603

2883

33231

1693314292

79

5988

351512

136528

2870947

749301576

01900

37201830

2721

1961641

810

595

1737

18491200

4447

311

14548

1

2922

34231

172341429

2

80

5878

3469129552

8297

9450

643311580

02000

30202024

2301

1611736

410

585

1736

18231200

3459

311

11145

1

2974

34231

174351529

2

81

5683

337312

100538

2059550

631311577

02000

31202025

1711

9917384

11

675

1745

17691220

2386

411

10549

1

3044

34231

176381529

2

82

5552

32221298538

2029155

6283116780

185031212227

1271

5018389

11

675

1744

18301250

3400

412

11358

1

3064

34231

1783816292

83

5463

309212

100558

19510955

7203116850

160035222227

1271

6018297

11

725

1849

18701300

3393

412

11553

1

3024

25231

180372029

2

84

5741

327913

10357

820210060

730321793

01760

32212130

1361

601839

711

815

1858

19391400

3347

412

12062

1

3064

25331

182372130

2

85

5797

347313

105589

23510051

6503217940

200033222332

1421

5818477

11

795

1856

17801200

3350

412

15565

1

3234

38331

1843822302

DEVELOPINGNATIONS 5398 5602 5345 5192 5304 5492 5541 5419 5297 5152 5070 5394 5447

DEVELOPEDNATIONS 38S 430 370 426 430 341 447 459 386 400 393 347 350

NOTES: See Table 1.

TABLESEdibto arokJ area, 1961-85 (000 ha)

Country

WORLDAFRICABeninBurundiCent.Afr.Rep.ChadCote d'lvoireEgyptGabonGhanaGuineaLiberiaMadagascarMauritiusNigeriaRwandaSierra LeoneTogoZairnN. & C. AMERICABarbadosCubaDominicaDominican Rp,PanamaTrinidad Tob.SOUTH AMERICAFrench GuianaPeruVenezuelaASIAChinaCyprusJapanKorea Rep.LebanonMaldivesPhillippinesTaiwanThailandOCEANIAAmerican SamoaRjiKiribatiNew CaledoniaNiuePapua N.GuineaSalomom Is.SamoaTongaWallis Etc.DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

61

686

SOS1

27169

13017

10042

130

1813443

12061410

1311

11

12462

040000

1840

3316010

181330

647

40 :

62

819

6313

27169

13817

10252

130

2953444

13061410

1311

i 11

12965

041

000

1940

3416010

191330

779

• 41

63

789

5953

27169

14017

10342

130

2573443

170

111410

1311

11

13065

140000

2040

3416010

191330

749

40

64

824

6231

2716

; 9i: 142

17

10542

130

2843443

170

101411

1311

11

13670

140000

2140

3515010

201330

784

40

65

832

6311

27169

14517

11042

130

2823444

180

111411

1311

11

13470

139

000

2040

3616010

211330

793

39

66

816

6111

27169

14717

12442

130

2463445

220

151411

1311

11

13370

139

000

1940

3715010

211340

777

39

67

854

6562

27159

14917

12242

130

288344//

7

16091411

1311

11

13270

139000

1930

3614010

2213

;; 4!! 0

815

39

68

815

6172

271510

15027

12742

130

2432447

180

101511

1302

11

12970

137000

1830

3715010

221440

778

37

69

891

6902

271610

17326

13042

130

2847447

16081511

1402

11

13475

137

000

1830

3815010

221440

854

37

70

1070

8733

271610

18216

26042

140

3288446

11032511

12039

135750

39000

1730

3815010

231440

1031

39

71

1032

8331

271610

18216

26042

150

2905546

11032511

13039

13675

040

000

1730

3915•-' o'• r0

231440

992

40

72

1061

8531

251610

18626

25842

140

3105546

17082511

14049

13880

037000

1830

3915010

231440

1024

37

Country

WORLDAFRICABenin

O BurundiCent.Afr.Rsp.ChadCote d'rvoireEgyptGabonGhanaGuineaLiberiaMadagascar /•MauritiusNigeria >RwandaSierra LeoneTogoZaireN.&C AMERICABarbadosCubaDominicaDominican Rp.PanamaTrinidad Tob.SOUTH AMERICAFrench GuianaPeruVenezuela

ASIAChinaCyprusJapanKorea Rep.LebanonMaldivesPhilllpplnesTaiwanThailandOCEANIAAmerican SamoaFijiKiribatiNew CaledoniaNiuePapua N.GuineaSalomom Is.SamoaTongaWallis Etc.DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

73

1067

8661

271610

19125

26142

140

3154546

16072611

11046

13480

033000

1720

4015010

241440

1034

33

74

1145

9401

251610

24236

28442

120

3155557

18082611

12057

13583

031000

1730

4115011

241440

1113

31

75

1107

8912

271710

26136

20542

140

3205547

17072611

12048

145850

31000

2630

4115011

241440

1076

31

76 77 78 79 80 81 82

1107 1092 1139 1156 1142 966 979

874 851 888 904 895 725 736222

27 27 2717 17 1710 10 10

222225 24 24 2417 17 18 1810 10 10 10

273 273 300 313 324 154 153323778

33338888

167 147 155 158 137 134 1465 5.52 22

12 9 11000

55552222

11 12 12 120000

330 330 330 330 330 330 3305555554 4 4777

18 25 300008 14 202 2 26661 1 11 1 1

12 11 100 0 1433887'-'' \\

4577555544447888

32 27 23 200000

21 17 13 102222677711111111

11 10 11 11000033337778

161 162 168 " 167 166 162 16790 91 92000

93 95 96 98I 0 0 0 0

31 31 31 31 32 29 290 000 00000

37 37 38336000

42 42 431 1 15550001 1 11 1 1

25 25 251 1 1555444000

I 0 0 0 000000000

37 34 32 3454560000

44 44 45 4511115555000011111111

26 26 26 271111555544440000

1076 1061 1108 1125 1110 937 950

31 31 31 31 32 29 29

83

990

7452

241811

15938

14752

130

3307548

190

102511

12038

170100

029000

3560

4414011

271540

961

29

84

1003

7502

241810

1603 ,-8

15052

140

3307548

190

102511

13039

177105

029000

3670

4514011

271540

975

29

85

1024

7692

251810

160, 3' 8

12449

2140

3307548

210

102711

13039

175100

029000

3870

4716011

281540

995

29

NOTES: See Tablet

TABLESEdibtoaroid yield, 1961-85 (t/ha)

• Country

I WORLD

I AFRICABeninBurundiCent.Afr.Rep.ChadCoted'rvoireEgyptGabonGhanaGuineaLiberiaMadagascar

:< MauritiusNigeriaRwandaSierra LeoneTogoZaireN.&C AMERICABarbadosCubaDominicaDominican Rp.PanamaTrinidad Tob.SOUTH AMERICAFrench GuianaPeruVenezuelaASIAChinaCyprusJapanKorea Rep.LebanonMaldivesPhillippinesTaiwanThailandOCEANIAAmerican SamoaFijiKiribatiNew CaledoniaNiuePapua N.GuineaSalomon Is.SamoaTongaWallis Etc.DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

61

6

575311

2067676864658

634

1077

11

51255

111114128

111056...

7664357

2237

13

6

12

62

6

575311

2567777754656

634

1066

11

51555

111113137

101056...

7664357

2238

13

5

13

63

6

575311

2158677

1164556

534

1066

11

6155,i5

1112121477

1055...

7664357

2248

13

6

14

64

6

575311

2568577

1164546

534

1066

11

5845

1011121268

1056...

7664357

2348

13

5

12

65

6

575311

2658777

1064556

534

1066

11

5855

1111221278

1056...

7664357

2348

13

6

12

66

6

575311

2858677

1164556

635

1066

11

6866

1111231397

1056...

7664357

2348

13

6

13

67

6

565311

2957687

1364556

635

1076

12

61166

1112231295

1056

7664357

2348

14

6

12

68

6

565311

2658687

1254556

634

1066

12

61066

1212211489

1057

...

7764357

2538

14

6

14

69

6

555311

2458687

1265556

634

1076

12

61066

1212151488

1058

10

7964357

2537

14

6

14

70

5

455311

2554687

1054556

734

1076

12

62566

1212191488

1057

10

7564357

2437

14

5

14

71

5

465311

2554687

1154556

735

1076

12

72756

12122114108

1058

10

7664337

2637

14

5

14

72

5

455311

2454676

1255556

533

1076

(,' 12

627

56

1212211498

1058

10

7664337

2637

14

5

14

,\ ' ^

Country

WORLDAFRICABeninBurundiCtnt.Afr.Rvp.ChadCot* d'lvoireEgyptGabonGhanaGuineaLiberiaMadagascarMauritiusNigeriaRwandaSierra LeoneTogoZaireN.4C. AMERICABarbadosCubaDominicaDominican Rp.PanamaTrinidad Tob.

SOUTH AMERICAFrench GuianaPeruVenezuelaASIAChinaCyprusJapanKorea Rep.LebanonMaldivesPhilippinesTaiwanThailandOCEANIAAmerican SamoaFijiKiribatiNew CaledoniaNiuePapua N.GuineaSalomom Is.SamoaTongaWallis Etc.DEVELOPINGNATIONSDEVELOPEDNATIONS

73

5

465311

2365776

1464556

633

1077

12

725

56

111222128

151058

10

7664337

2537

14

5

12

74

5

474311

2465786

1264556

633

1077

11

725

66

111215149

151059

10

7665317

2537

14

5

14

75

5

465311

2565786

1863566

634

1077

11

62156

101217129

15104

1110

7665327

2837

14

5

12

76

5

475311

2665787

1363456

635

1067

11

5765

1011171410151037

10

7675327

3037

14

5

14

77

5

476311

3065786

1963456

736

1077

11

6766

111316149

15103

1310

7665327

3037

14

5

14

78

5

475311

3165787

1164455

103

111067

11

5755

101326119

13104

1010

7475327

3137

15

5

11

79

5

475311

326568786

10454

939

1077

11

61165

111327149

14104

1010

7375327

3237

15

5

14

80

5

474311

3265787

1166453

839

1067

11

61165

111327149

12103

1010

7665327

3237

15

5

14

81

6

574311

3365686

1064453

738

1067

11

61166

111322139

14103

1010

7666427

3537

15

6

13

82

6

474311

3474786

1164553

635

1067

11

61166

111324149

16103

1010

7666427

3437

15

5

14

83

6

474311

3275786

1055553

736

1067

11

61156

111325149

181039

10

7666427

3347

13

5

14

84

6

474311

32756B6

1354554

736

1086

11

61156

111328129

17103

1010

7666327

3447

13

6

12

85

6

574311

3165187

1065554

736

1076

11

61156

101227129

171049

10

7666527

3447

13

5

12

NOTES: See Table 1.

TABLETPotato production, 1961-85 (0001)

Country 61

WORLD 270914

AFRICAAlgeriaAngolaBurundiCameroonCap* VerdeCtnt.Afr.Rap.ChadCongoCoted'lvoireEgyptEthiopiaKenyaLibyaMadagascarMalawiMauritaniaMauritiusMoroccoMozambiqueNigeriaReunionRwandaSenegalSouth AfricaSudanSwazilandTanzaniaTunisiaUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabweN.& C.AMERICABermudaCanadaCosta RicaCubaDominicaDominican Rp.El SalvadorGuatemalaHaitiHondurasJamaicaMexicoNicaraguaPanamaUnited StatesSOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChileColombiaEcuadorParaguayPeruUruguayVenezuela

2021244

15312030800

392130194

147260

22

15011182

973

33222

21542

100173

20

157981

201216

113064

16229

30317

13305

70212072516

1080843551271

41492

11874

62

253328

2068250

15312030900

355132194

158562

22

21612193

744

33422

11841

110154

22

146871

21361788

084

14a2

38017

12018

64191184531

1134765872305

41416

87121

63

270401

2225206254032

31910

420134195

139264

25

22514203

666

39924

12052

110183

23

149731

20991786084

14429

41417

12306

65211453546

1168848573275

61427115111

64

284952

2119188304039

31

1010

376135190

139266

26

1881721

3305

39924

1265V

120183

22

136711

215718750

154

21529

41317

10941

70791492

5611264808867324

81531

100124

65

271233

2303233

30442330

1010

441138190

89168

24

27017223

435

38825

11658

120252

22

157961

20871983

0165

2362

13319

110

13211

80092489575

1246703762396

91568125136

66

282300

221917030441730

1110

324143195

9967028

27530233

573

411252

1868

13027

220

169801

249019

1040

185

2063

14348

19

13939

70491484549

1329803760347

101499142126

67

296621

2319204

31452530

1110

278148195

1010078

29

2053623

3107

5484

252

2979

13028

221

166011

213020

1040

204

2073

13399

16

13872

76571797520

1467717800399

101712

105133

68

304201

256627232451330

1220

472152195

129980

210

16031242

795

547253

4060

14029

120

164421

240821

1200

204

24747

41518

13402

80541967

5981606725850511

101592

52143

69

278942

2722224344125

20

1220

487156200

129784

26

3003925

2129

6525264

2661

140303

22

172211

23621995

023

427

749

48018

14181

84932340627

1507603831457

121856138124

70

298514

2954262344526

20

1220

549161218

109486

27

2754024

0126

661726

45567

150283

22

179701

25101677

023

330748

50816

14774

88562336655

1583684913542

41896118125

71

281744

2917274

344531

11

1220

451165200

2312583

29

2754126

1148

1606

237

6880

12830

323

172161

20661775

0243

2874

13479

112

14485

87701958698

1580836869681

31880

150115

72

273727

3240268

344738

10

1220

596170230

4913485

28

2804227

2131

3675

205

6010016230

324

161021

18692276

025

52174

16597

113

13443

75961340704

1589733823473

51713

106109

continued

Country 73

WORLD 312451

AFRICAAlgeriaAngolaBurundiCameroonCape VerdeCent.Afr.R0p.ChadCongoCote d'lvoireEgyptEthiopiaKenyaUbyaMadagascarMalawiMauritaniaMauritiusMoroccoMozambiqueNigeriaReunionRwandaSenegalSouth AfricaSudanSwazilandTanzaniaTunisiaUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabwe

N.& C.AMERICABermudaCanadaCosta RicaCubaDominicaDominican Rp.El SalvadorGuatemalaHaitiHondurasJamaicaMexicoNicaraguaPanamaUnited States

SOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChileColombiaEcuadorParaguayPeruUruguayVenezuela

3572299354740

11

1220

79817526078

117235

210

2804327

1140

255922

67371

177323

25

164831

205623550

291024749

6401

1313608

77681535730

1337624

1031539

31713133124

74

293910

3687395353638

11

1230

70819028079

116240

29

2754227

2110

4648

216

7280

19932

325

188821

25112488

0301139

74

15603

216

15531

91302173749

167210121012503

41722

129152

75

284903

4029575

324540

11

1010

72020033389

122245

210

19540283

1505

71227

266

100221333

20

177591

220524

1170

277

4674

14693

29

14605

83111349834

1655738

1320499

41640

121152

76

291860

435649335464021

1111

89421034280

134250

312

1704230

3170

5684259

15510534533

324

195401

234725

1450

224

53748

6872

1116223

87701526824

1898539

1516499

41667166132

77

298740

455447240484021

1212

101121534199

148255

311

30040303

1775

757226

10485

267343

22

195471

252525

1370

122

63848

6312

1116118

91981769659

1896928

1609417

51616

120179

78

315621

4632473

35382520

1215

77322536189

181260

412

4745535

4219

7701

256

154105293

343

21

203931

251326

1980

124

6196

12923

29

16616

96401593738

2014981

1996343

71695

102171

79

320929

493550140422420

131

10101923536090

183260

48

5685735

5215

7696

256

21212513135

322

196751

275227

2010

114

51106

111053

212

15533

96001694730

2154770

1966255

91695

135191

80

264165

523959140202420

132

151214238350103166265

212

54365355

2178

686256

200120213363

20

176890

247827

2390

126

33987

10652

1713785

89341568787

1940903

1727323

91380

99199

81

286974

54545284023

10030

132

20119524052297

161268

216

3966535

5254

9659256

20013517536

320

193631

264728

2730

116

3498

12661

220

15450

105862247

867191210072100

3928

1705177171

82

288494

5856415

4035

14510

132

241184240640108201270

013

5396538

4269

10996

256

200110196383

25

202111

278129

2580

146

28997

9412

1716109

104251817900

2155842

2149416

91771

149217

83

287558

58574914036

17010

132

241095242600115253270

115

57260424

29610

851256

200150210393

23

188871

255642

2071

196

30998

8352

1615146

88832013316

1827684

2187314

81200109225

84

311559

60185214037

16030

132

241200

18263393

264272

121

5506044

5251

10980206

20013522540

323

204661

279830

2591

147

3099

12830

216

16448

107052118668

217110362463

3907

1463144245

85

2992236681

8004037

18031

142

241300210650110264274

123

57060426

27010

1112256

200150230

423

23

225651

295339

3071

117

3099

11840

215

18331

98552000

7211989909

1900385

61590164191

confinuea

TABLE 7 (CONTINUED)Potato production 1961-85 (0001)

Country

ASIAAfghanistanBangladeshBhutanBurmaChinaCyprusEast TimorGaza StripIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIsraelJapanJordanKorea D.P.R.Koraa Rep.LaosLebanonMongoliaNepalOmanPakistanPhilippine*Saudi ArabiaSri LankaSyriaTaiwanThailandTurkeyUAEmiratesVietNamYemen A.R.Yemen D*m.EUROPEAlbaniaAustriaBelgium-Lux.BulgariaCzechoslovakiaDenmarkFaeroe Is.RnlandFranc*German D.R.Germany F.R.GreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyLiechtensteinMaltaNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaSpainSwedenSwitzerland

61

2354300

3431452

129008100

271955

3001085

385814

700463

125016

1800

11211

14

3071

14050

40200

13752730

33951889445

53311490

21057

143318430

21516400

183013

21453932

825

37201222

4520310562875491815261239

62

2415960

3361554

13800117

10

244760

30010

1113684

11720412

136024

1800

12815

11

3483

14890

45210

13554820

32141991361

50021163

2950

133891328425104

4032149

1021173561

825

3953919

37817894

2597415315161127

63

2323580

3631663

12000107

10

336565

35010

1093414

12740391

147021

1850

11818

17

32102

16000

50220

15070524

34991645415

65061334

21221

159741288625812

4662298

919694384

827

38541218

4486811452692507519061246

64

25303100324

1650

14000132

10

259367

35010

1073923

11764570

146521

1850

13616

15

48192

17000

5023

0

14232434

34381829497

76561213

2850

115661287220624

5451949

915263823

822

4110804

4786011432640425414771206

65

28714120401

1746

16000139

10

360569

35010

1094061

16788581

155424

2860

17317

12

49168

16800

5524

0

12692721

25391494285

3678937

11257

112231285718095

5171762

1316483550

917

32301134

42665888

219540791542906

66

30706120494

1734

18000132

10

407675

26910

1043386

18812688

157920

2770

15317

17

41167

17500

60260

136567108

30071543421

58461002

21066

106141282318839

5312907

316783860

916

41241090

45798991

3352442313401049

67

30596140601

1821

17900173

20

352285

4231093

364319

840566

158120

3000

16812

1124023

81760

072300

143106116

30492034

3816037887

1881

104061406521294

5991855

717484010

Vr 918

4840807

4821413713096449013981125

68

31880150712

1829

17800176

20

423265

42410

1104059

2880617

157825

2450

18918

1185022

81805

08535

0

142125160

34731632369

6526896

1908

100481263919196

6031632

616243960

919

5045912

5028011573737454614861098

69

33764155800

1942

19300163

12

4726104437

15115

35791

920599

168715

2500

23120

1274728

81936

08935

0

123843121

29411540

3575180

6931

77990478832

15987676

20134

14533970

923

4704857

44935120121654789

931979

70

35274145865

1935

21500208

12

391370

41520

1373617

2960605

179321

2630

17922

13265248

19150

100200

135615107

27041665374

47931063

211368025

1305416250

7561813

514683668

917

5648857

503011285206453011490977

71

385141708632040

23800178

12

4807123400

12142

32740

1000589

17109

19273

022925

1317234

82100

012055

1

120645100

27171687404

4621780

1803

86359412

15176668

179711

14283259

919

5749708

3980111813783486512421093

72

39516160753

2037

24500175

12

4826124420

20143

35371

1040459

18117

10293

025423

131

11927

82200

014058

1

12787681

23411398382

5058739

1716

74021214015038

6891506

910702949

922

5581634

487351198367252751137824

continued

Country

ASIAAfghanistanBangladeshBhutanBurmaChinaCyprusEast TimorGaza StripIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIsraelJapanJordanKorea D.P.R.Korea Rep.LaosLebanonMongoliaNepalOmanPakistanPhilippinesSaudi ArabiaSri LankaSyriaTaiwanThailandTurkeyUAEmiratesVietNamYemen A.R.Yemen Dem.

EUROPEAlbaniaAustriaBelgium-Lux.BulgariaCzechoslovakiaDenmarkFaeroe Is.RnlandFranceGerman D.R.Germany F.R.GreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyLiechtensteinMaltaNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaSpainSwedenSwitzerland

73

46420165

''! 7592150

31700163

12

4451173481

••' 35165

34180

1052470

1811735

2920

241250

26110277

22000

15064

1

12901281

21171476328

5087778

1669

73591140113676

7651355

613322889

1020

5771672

51928114826445579947910

74

49227175730

2158

34500152

12

486112053325

1522942'

41100469

179423

3040

239202

27105266

22750

18064

1

131099104

19961796345

4522928

1525

75011340414549

7781720

1311112849

1020

6095847

485191184411956931257929

75

55311195880

2246

38200117

03

622512450644

1633261

51200660

123541

3070

28920

022

12540

52490

0200

712

109818108

15791300318

3565696

1680

66427673

10853878

16306

10182900

1018

5003435

46429109827165338837908

76

60553354903

2255

41000200

03

730615455074

1753742

91300569

203036

3140

32119

128

132443

28500

26076

5

112589115

1746879350

4214606

1948

43266816980810181396

711792923

1022

4858521

499511003478856591058769

77

64336200735

2357

45000216

03

7171248697

64214

35208

1400558

224545

2691

318190

29164306

28001

369100

4

116449117

13521680383

3760954

1737

78031031311368

10161650

815313080

1020

5842651

411481292420758811279713

78

725962509142354

51950163

04

8135233932104221

331610

1488304

287049

2711

29420

529

199296

27502

630107

5

121219119

14011575391

3995932

1746

74671077710510

9081883

1310082843

1117

6231625

466481225446553641339893

79

70741265909

2455

47500190

05

10133204997

88211

33817

1500356

3111272

2791

39232

438

235367

28703

684116

6

124014119

14941460424

3725844

1674

71481224310205

9681512

611433020

1122

6277473

495721110456256371284871

80

70936283917

24121

48500208

05

8327230

127097

1723421

131546446

3413538

2781

449373

5129236

73000

1862127

5

9326699

12641450301

2695842

1736

66189214793210841392

15880

29231127

6267571

263911200413557371084853

81

68643300999

25139

45000220

04

9599217

1540104218

30957

1560554

3514040

2751

39437

466

311287

30002

577138

7

111707119

13101494403

37431053

1478

643910378842210561608

11665

28791115

6445529

42562928

4447547012061048

82

72951310

109625

12448000

21506

9912180

181493

2003775

81600539

4012675

3201

477413

77279

307

30003

418150

9

99702101

11211614469

36081229

1601

67978883782110211459

14855

25721112

6219526

319511082500652221036960

83

74851315

114926

14050000

23006

9956219

1740105199

356613

165041944

12598

3731

518344

90315228

30503

262163

10

95050136

10121208427

3177853

1804

57317063629911061234

12639

25021115

5412470

34473100762095163939711

84

75343320

116627

15648000

23507

12152180

1550120198

370717

1700436

46120126383

151042

568

322368

32003

291195

16

112191135

11381648418

39781121

1745

696411908805010531551

13800

24501214

6673489

374371138639159801307923

85

74623330

116027

17345500

26008

12642190

1550115200

373512

1850575

49120114420

1520487

70394

288

41003

235165

15

111212136

10421700380

34501073

1708

781411500870411001371

14700

23971213

7150470

365461239668357811117848

continued

TABLE 7 (CONTINUED)Potato production 1M1-S5 (0001)

Country 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72

United Kingdom 6811 7185 7186 7549 8006 6897 7559 7273 6513 7821 7744 6863 Yugotltvi* 2689 2634 3027 2819 2383 3226 2810 2889 3144 2964 2952 2406

OCEANIA Australia

604 770 907 814 808 926 878 951 1119 1062 1027 1068458 534 677 571 516 649 653 669 811 762 774 822

FijiFr.PoryrwtiaN*w CaledoniaNawZtalandPapua N.Gulrwa

011

2350

011

2340

011

2280

011

2410

011

2900

011

2750

011

2220

011

2800

011

3050

112

2970

111

2490

111

2420

U.S.S.R. 84310 69677 71834 93642 88676 87853 95464 102184 91779 96783 92655 78329

DEVELOPINGNATIONS 28793 29052 28630 30647 34970 36626 36952 38418 41442 43402 46849 46791

DEVELOPEDNATIONS 242121 224276 241771 254305 236264 245674 259669 265783 237500 255112 234896 226936

ICountry 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85

United Kingdom 7091 7157 4787 4789 6621 7331 6485 7105 6214 6875 5857 7398 6850 Yugoslavia 2074 3127 2394 2828 3034 2501 2724 2440 2774 2636 2580 2458 2413

OCEANIA 997 863 972 950 1005 1016 1006 1079 1082 1165 1122 1321 1287858 1020 992 122 333 222

256 295 288 001

U.S.S.R. 106201 81022 88703 85102 83652 86124 90956 67023 72139 78185 82908 85515 73000

DEVELOPINGNATIONS 54441 59147 64470 70053 74507 83901 82384 82265 81784 85590 86165 88407 87400

DEVELOPEDNATIONS 258010 234763 220433 221807 224233 231720 238545 181901 207190 202905 201392 223153 211822

NOTES: Saa Table 1. ~

Auttralia Rji Fr.PolynatiaNawCaladonla NewZaaland Papua N.Gulnta

721 1 2 2

271 0

649 1 2 2

208 0

742 12 1

226 0

697 2 2 1

248 0

728 2 2 2

270 0

772 2 42

237 0

798 2 41

203 0

857 24 3

214 0

866 2 3 2

209 0

919 1 4 3

239 0

TABLESruwo BIN, ivoi-oa \vu» nmj

Country

WORLDAFRICAAlgeriaAngolaBurundiCameroonCape VerdeCtnt.Afr.Rtp.ChadCongoCot* d'rvoirtEgyptEthiopiaKenyaUbyaMadagascarMalawiMauritaniaMauritiusMoroccoMozambiqueNigeriaReunionRwandaSenegalSouth AfricaSudanSwazilandTanzaniaTunisiaUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabweN. & C. AMERICABermudaCanadaCosta RicaCubaDominicaDominican Rp.El SalvadorGuatemalaHaitiHondurasJamaicaMexicoNicaraguaPanamaUnited States

SOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChileColombiaEcuadorParaguayPeruUruguayVenezuela

61

23700

2672338700200

2326273

112000

15320

190

441156

11302

7900

1252

100113001

4601

599

967203108191964932

1258

209

62

23576

2892538700200

2426273

122100

23220

160

511166

12302

7270

117280114001

4601

545

938143109196

917533

1253

2016

63

23552

3042259900200

252728

3122100

25320

261

511166

12302

7200

117280114001

5001

536

961166112200896932

22542315

64

23070

28127

59

1000210

2327273

1322

00

18320

131

401187

13302

6960

113270215001

4801

515

10001791102098576392

2622515

65

22847

286285

10900210

242827

21323

00

26320

141

351157

13402

7410

121280215001

3901

560

1018204115202

9167442

2512616

66

22832

286255

11700310

2228282

132301

26420

100

381158

15502

7860

130290315012

4101

592

970165110199767644

22552616

67

22454

300325

11400300

1729282

1425

01

24520

171

411189

15502

7780

124290315001

4101

591

999163103217777948

12722216

68

22363

32040

512600300

282928

21425

01

20420

181

3811

119

16502

7480

124^

70316011

4201

560

1019200

88227

808149

1262

1517

69

22024

340435

12900300

303028

21425

00

28620

171

432289

16601

7690

1252

100317011

4601

573

1055203

92221

767941

1304

2216

70

22288

358425

111000300

323031

2152600

28620

181

4622

159

17501

7750

129280307011

4801

575

102719095

214728447

1289

2114

71

21723

366445

111300300

2831283

2026

01

28620

210

4212

161017602

7410

110290307011

4301

563

103017997

208808853

1286

2414

72

21846

385505

111500300

35323210282601

20620

191

3712

151017602

6820

100250406012

5401

507

976147112202799038

1271

2313

continued

Country

WORLDAFRICAAlgeriaAngolaBurundiCameroonCape VerdeCent.Afr.Rep.ChadCongoCote d'K/oireEgyptEthiopiaKenyaUbyaMadagascarMalawiMauritaniaMauritiusMoroccoMozambiqueNigeriaReunionRwandaSenegalSouth AfricaSudanSwazilandTanzaniaTunisiaUgandaZair*ZambiaZimbabweN. & C. AMERICABermudaCanadaCosta RicaCubaDominicaDominican Rp.El SalvadorGuatemalaHaitiHondurasJamaicaMexicoNicaraguaPanamaUnited StatesSOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChileColombiaEcuadorParaguayPeruUruguayVenezuela

73

22165

46253

5111400300

45323716257001

20620

190

4013

201020602

7130

106260417111

5501

528

935117116189679944

1268

2512

74

22428

47860

5101300300

40334016247001

20620

201

4513

251022602

7650

1152

11041

10111

5402

563

970127118192939239

1268

2614

75

22029

514705

111500300

41344619217201

19620

231

4811

211035601

7050

10629040

11112

5701

510

94211112819172

11039

1251

2614

76

21205

548695

111500300

543547142274

01

16620

261

4813

271048602

7500

1072

11030

13111

5601

555

963108130200

68125

410

2532613

77

21846

557756

111500300

643647172274

01

25620

271

5013

181134

702

7520

1122

12020

15111

5401

550

97111112519686

13036

1247

2316

78

22006

5697368

1000301

55374816307501

34630

321

5013

221037701

7720

1113

10020

16111

6901

556

1029115157211

9114230

1247

1916

79

21813

57677

6111000301

603849143075

01

40530

301

5013

301021702

7450

1133

13020

14111

8701

509

1013110163204

8114827

1242

2117

80

20750

5907668

1200301

70394815297601

38630

321

5013

301124

701

6840

1073

14010

10111

8002

464

95611216918189

14230

1194

2018

81

20458

6497769

4000302

67396315267701

28630

411

7013

309

25701

7090

1113

160107111

6801

499

98511717717190

16032

1202

2115

82

20471

707746

107500302

64397615297801

38630

401

7013

301025702

7240

1133

150106111

6802

513

98610215918377

16535

1225

2117

83

20520

71977

6107000302

584078153978

01

40630

411

7013

301030

702

7190

1134

130206111

7402

503

83210810816967

16127

1156

1917

84

20364

726726

107000302

703672154179

01

42630

371

7513

301230802

7440

1182

160106111

7002

527

91411414317381

16033

1172

1919

85

20115

778976

117500302

72378016418001

44630

401

7513

301432

802

7700

1213

150106111

7002

550

93211419815763

13935

11892214

comTnuea

TABLES (CONTINUED)Potato area, 1961-85 (000 ha)

Country

ASIAAfghanistanBangladeshBhutanBurmaChinaCyprusEast TimorGaza StripIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIsraelJapanJordanKorea D.P.R.Korea R«p,LaosLebanonMongoliaNepalOmanPakistanPhilippinesSaudi ArabiaSri LankaSyriaTaiwanThailandTurkeyUAEmiratesVietNamYemen A.R.Yemen Dem.

EUROPEAlbaniaAustriaBelgium-Lux.BulgariaCzechoslovakiaDenmarkFaeroe Is.FinlandFranceGerman D.R.Germany F.R.GreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyLiechtensteinMaltaNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaSpainSwedenSwitzerland

61

38GB6

562

192800

700

3751517

14

2182

7248

262

410

15201310

1470340

88834

1727241

51372

077

890682977

56269

186

37903

13353

2819108301416

8751

32

39566

562

212900

900

3651517

15

2162

7348365

410

14301310

1370340

89314

1696843

506620

74862742964

56238

185

37703

13050

2910102305409

8149

63

41098

582

203000

1200

4131720

15

2092

7545

373

420

13301410

1400340

89033

1616143

50264

077

844747925

57263

183

38603

13452

28401073324118247

64

402910553

162900

900

4151820

15

2212

7847363

420

15301520

1450340

84934

1585341

49154

071

691745852

58248

174

35603

12549

2830109321365

6945

65

42811255

315

3125900

4291920

15

2132

8060

343

430

19301411

1450440

78594

1455037

22441

073

575725783

56245

171

34803

12548

2765101312368

6239

66

44941261

314

3300900

4791915

14

1962

8260

263

420

17301411

1500440

785212

1375534

43640

068

53769473255

2370

68347

03

13145

2712109317375

5439

67

42011470

38

30001100

4732225

14

1832

8358

273

430

19301421

1500440

779716

1345833

40737

065

515686707

56208

165

33903

13840

2741126322376

5538

68

43401576

37

31001200

5011625

15

1880

8560

283

430

20302421

1480540

758122

1305031

37235

065

471672659

54183

059

31903

14738

2720115334382

5637

69

44811684

39

32001000

5242325

15

1780

8856

393

430

21303421

1570640

722122

1134529

32534

058

420604589

55177

155

30613

14533

2718115321377

5333

70

4723158538

35001100

4961326

15

1590

9054393

460

17303621

1550640

728720

1104931

33737

060

361667597

59174

157

28613

15834

2732120301397

5331

71

46351587

39

3400900

4821822

16

1560

9352393

490

20403631

1690860

700916

1054429

331320

50347658554

51155

152

23813

15431

2669116307394

5029

72

50371576

38

3800900

492172426

1520

9543

393

510

233

> O/\ fa

//2x/'\1\Vv/5

0850

675715

1013930

320290

4831064750352

1221

44194

13

14929

26561203134014526

continued

Country

ASIAAfghanistanBangladeshBhutanBurmaChinaCyprusEast TimorGaza StripIndiaIndonesiakanIraqIsraelJapanJordanKorea D.P.R.Korea Rep.LaosLebanonMongoliaNepalOmanPakistanPhilippinesSaudi ArabiaSri LankaSyriaTaiwanThailandTurkeyU.A. EmiratesVietNamYemen A.R.Yemen Oem.EUROPEAlbaniaAustriaBelgium-Lux.BulgariaCzechoslovakiaDenmarkFaeroe Is.RnlandFranceGerman D.R.Germany F.R.GreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyLiechtensteinMaltaNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaSpainSwedenSwitzerland

73

527015803

104000

900

5052225

46

1470

10042393

510

23403821

1800

1060

672213844427

304320

46318650481

56124

148

18212

15729

26781172984094525

74

55141680

311

4200700

5431829

36

1381

10043

394

530

233-"•• o3821

1850

1560

667416824231

27733

048

314635467

56137

140

18112

14230

2684120310407

4724

75

558817943

114200

600

587173255

1390

10052

294

540

28303931

1780

1870

632216693730

250310

4928857441557

1301

41179

12

15123

25811233053854225

76

555220963

114100

1000

622203185

1380

10549365

530

29303

1030

1860

2570

626016733929

240350

5328159941565

1151

47174

12

16126

24661303013914625

77

616719773

124700

1000

620225066

1311

11550

366

520

26303

1331

1800

4090

628716604334

23438

046

299587400

69122

153

18513

17026

2437136306403

4724

78

65631890

311

5000700

6652666

76

1281

11839

477

500

30303

1521

1800

6590

598516573737

22034

044

277579355

64116

141

17213

16223

2360130305371

4524

79

654419974

114800

800

8072271

66

1250

12034

477

510

38404

1431

1690

10310

1

592516583839

213320

4327554932563

1051

41169

12

16620

2441117294355

4224

80

585419964

124200

900

685248755

1231

12537

477

510

43405

1931

1830

82110

568516533935

19534 ,0

41229513306

6593

142

16113

17220

2344123286355

4125

81

572320

1024

144000

1000

73230

'/ "(/ 5

5126

013041

495

500

38405

2221

1800

7212

1

549317503636

198,i 36

037

211505274

6288

135

15312

16520

2258118299343

4125

82

574820

1084

154000

1000

76323

11655

1270

13036598

520

45406

1721

1800

4512

1

540216463840

19835

039

2105042656284

137

14812

16621

2178125311338

4124

83

593720

1094

154198

1100

73528

11554

1281

13530

58

10590

52407

2021

1850

3212

1

538416413541

192300

452044832496577

132

14712

16321

22201253193404024

84

580222

1104

174000

1000

79425

11075

1311

14026

58

10590

50406

1821

1900

31132

529914413740

19331

041

210488243

6077

135

13912

16019

2147126312348

4023

85

594225

1114

184000

1200

85326

11076

1301

1453168

10660

50406

2321

245, 0

2812

1

521016384540

186300

392084802436070

130

13712

16919

20951313203233923

continued

TABLE 8 (CONTINUED)Poutoarea, 1961-85 (000 ha)

Country

United KingdomYugoilaviaOCEANIAAustraliaFijiFr.PorynttiaNawCatedoniaNawZMlandPapua N.Guinea

U.S.S.R.

61

303318

4937

000

110

8878

62

316326

5038000

110

8686

63

334345

5846

000

110

8498

64

335346

5441

000

120

8518

65

316343

4936000

130

8612

66

283333

5239

000

130

8392

67

301330

4940

00080

8331

68

295332

5343000

100

8301

69

260330

5646

000

100

8100

70

283329

5443

000

100

8064

71

268326

4739

00080

7894

72

247315

49400

>> ~080

7960

DEVELOPING NATIONS 4901 4974 5176 5112 5393 5576 5334 5514 5724 5970 5897 6278

DEVELOPED NATIONS 18800 18602 18376 17958 17453 17256 1712C 16849 16300 16318 15827 15568

V» o

I

Country 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85

Unttad KingdomYuootiaviaOCEANIAAustraliaFIJIFr.PolyneaJaN»w CaledoniaN«w ZealandPapua N.GuineaU.S.S.R.

234317

4637

00090

8017

226321

4334

00080

7983

204314

473800090

7912

222306

4433

00090

7087

232315

4534

000

100

7067

214298

463600090

7042

204296

433500080

6966

206287

4537

00080

6936

192291

4436

00080

6854

192282

463600090

6858

196274

4737

00090

6882

198274

4938

O sOYi0

100

6830

192274

5138000

110

6432

DEVELOPINGNATIONS 6553 6861 6940 6962 7598 8082 8076 7335 7258 7338 7369 7332 7542

DEVELOPED NATIONS 15612 15567 15088 14243 14248 13924 13737 13415 13200 13133 13131 13032 ' 12574

NOTES: See Table 1. -x "

TABLE 9Potato yieW, 1961-S5 (t/ha)

Country

WORLDAFRICAAlgeriaAngolaBurundiCameroonCape VerdeCtnt.Atr.R»p.ChadCongoCoted'hoir*EgyptEthiopiaKtnyaLibyaMadagascarMalawiMauritaniaMauritiusMoroccoMozambiqueNigtriaRtunionRwandaSenegalSouth AfricaSudanSwazilandTanzaniaTunisiaUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabwe

N.&C. AMERICABermudaCanadaCosta RicaCubaDominicaDominican Rep.El SalvadorGuatemalaHaitiHondurasJamaicaMexicoNicaraguaPanamaUnited StatesSOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChileColombiaEcuadorParaguayPeruUruguayVenezuela

61

11

811543

10242...

17>57573

188

10498598

16337969

10

20111610115765

155674

1022

710569

1183668

62

11

710543

10142

• ••

1557573

19895

1084

126

1623795

109

209

1810115774

165684

1022

78568

1293648

63

11

79544

10242in

1757563

191395

1083

128

1723896

1210

219

1610115874

155

1084

1023

7956

10894658

64

12

87644

10242ti>

1657573

2012106

1162

101017238969

13

209

1910115774

165794

1021

7856

101184648

65

12

88643

10242...

1657473

209

106

11153

11111823897

1013

21111710115784

156984

1024

812568

1194658

66

12

87642

10243...1457473

2016118

121569

111834995

1011

22151910125784

156894

1024

7957

111085668

67

13

86646

10244...1657573

211698

121477

121834995

1013

2113171012

5784

156

12104

1023

811579

1088658

68

14

87642

10255

• «*

1757573

201787

121357

1418347957

13

22131910165774

1568

104

1024

810779

10108648

69

13

85643

13256...1657673

2113117

131189

1217237959

15

229

1910105774

166

10104

1025

812778

11118668

70

13

86643

13257...1757763

2116107

12979

1317347958

15

2319199

105774

1579

114

1026

91277

1011113769

71

13

66642

10258

**•

1557763

2016107

131377

1418446859

15

2320191085784

157

10114

1026

91178

1010134768

72

13

85643

10257IK

1757553

1814147

141175

181634

111059

15

242019101557

164

1589

114

1126

896899

136658

confinuea

(A

Country

WORLDAFRICAAlgeriaAngolaBurundiCameroonCap* VerdeCtnt.Afr.Rtp.ChadCongoCot* d'lvoireEgyptEthiopiaKenyaLibyaMadagascarMalawiMauritaniaMauritiusMoroccoMozambiqueNigeriaReunionRwandaSenegalSouth AfricaSudanSwazilandTanzaniaTunisiaUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabweN. & C. AMERICABermudaCanadaCosta RicaCubaDominicaDominican Rep.El SalvadorGuatemalaHaitiHondurasJamaicaMexicoNicaraguaPanamaUnited States

SOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChileColombiaEcuadorParaguayPeruUruguayVenezuela

73

14

86643

10257

**•

1857553

1517147

14975

1417247959

15

232019121057

174

1457

125

1026

813679

1012665

10

74

13

87643

10258

**•

1867553

1317147

1413

55

1417238959

15

25192211

857

174

145

11115

1128

91769

111113765

11

75

13

88643

12245

««•

1767563

1215107

141776

152123

10659

15

251621121257

184

1457

124

1129

91279

101213775

11

76

14

87643

212458

1767663

1315107

141976

141936

11759

15

262022121457

184

1357

124

1329

9146

108

1212876

11

77

14

86743

192559

1667673

1315127

141876

1517267859

15

26162311115794

1558

124

1129

9165

101112128

• 75

11

78

14

86643

17255

101468663

1717149

14217

11141927

11859

15

261523101957

134

1578

134

1230

9145

10111412975

11

79

15

96742

17255

101767663

111614111426

711141927

13659

15

261324101557

144

17119

124

1431

9154

1110139976

12

80

13

98732

17256

111767763

101714121421

713141927

11959

15

266

23101759

203

15147

134

1130

9145

11101211975

11

81

14

87733

17256

111868663

1021141114206

16121927

15759

15

279

249

1758

205

15101013

42031

11195

11111312988

11

82

14

86742

11256

1219

..;;.: 687734

23141114177

16141927

11859

15

2811259

175

12195

15139

144

1231

11186

12111312987

13

83

14

867428256

1219688735

20141014147

14121927

16759

15

26102312165

11195

151210114

1130

11193

11101412

986

14

84

15

87742

23256

1217596634

2513101521

714131827

12859

15

27102414165

1219

515129

124

1131

12195

13131512898

13

85

15

98742

17266

1218687634

2713101421

714151927

11759

15

2910241521

513195

15129

124

1033

11184

13141411787

14

continued

TABLE 9 (CONTINUED)Potato yWd, 1961-85 (t/ha)

Country

ASIAAfghanistanBangladeshBhutanBurmaChinaCyprusEast TimorGaza StripIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIsraelJapanJordan

, Korea D.P.R.• Xorea Rtp.LaosLsbanonMongoliaNepalOmanPakistanPhilippinesSaudi ArabiaSri LankaSyriaTaiwanThailandTurkeyUAEmiratesVietNamYemen A.R.Yemen Dem.

EUROPEAlbaniaAustriaBelgium-Lux.BulgariaCzechoslovakiaDenmarkFaeroe Is.RnlandFranceGerman D.R.Germany F.R.GreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyLiechtensteinMaltaNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaSpainSwedenSwitzerland

61

6106635

114it*

74

181019188

101068

104.,,

7595

1298

10iti

1365

157

20261110211314161222

77

19251020

82823161010121824

62

6106635

134

«»*

74

181021176

1095

1054!••

9692

1188

11***

1565

155

19298

1019141316182679

14259

208

30181399

101923

63

610663494

>*>

84

181021168

1096

1184

11*

9799978

11**t

1765

178

2227101321141619172889

13241120

9292416118

122327

64

6106635

144it*

64

181024187

10126

1184

• *.

9696

10127

12*it

1765

179

22341216221212171724

98

122111207

33161710

B122127

65

7107635

164

• >•

84

181022191010106

1297in

9793

11136

12tii

1465

166

1830

816231317201823

97

18231022

626231597

112523

66

7108635

158ii*

94

181024171010117

1377

**i

97999

138

12nt

1575

179

2228121325161620182610129

251122

63224179

11122527

67

7109636

158in

74

171021201110107

1267„.

9598

11128

12in

1885

187

23351115241414202030119

132712227

3520181110122630

68

7109646

158

,,,

84

17102322

510107

1086

Ml

969

1011118

12tii

1795

197

27331218261514211929119

16271223

73424181011122630

69

8109656

168

1695

17152420

210116

1056

*.•

11799

11128

12• •<

1595

176

263412162114132215271211

82613189

322617107

131830

70

71010646

198

1785

161528232011117

1076

Ml

11

88

1011108

12HI

1755

195

253412142917192220271310

82613187

362618117

132832

71

81110757

201418107

181226211311117

1266*ii

1178

1012128

12in

1595

176

2638141425131625142713128

2814197

3723151012122538

72

81110656

198

18107

181026231111117

1346...

11789

15128

13ti*

18125

195

2336131625131524193013128

2415199

3722181012132532

confinuea

Country

ASIAAfghanistanBangladeshBhutanBurmaChinaCyprusEast TimorGaza StripIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIsraelJapanJordanKorea D.P.R.Korea Rsp.LaosLebanonMongoliaNepalOmanPakistanPhilippinesSaudi ArabiaSri LankaSyriaTaiwanThailandTurkeyUAEmiratesVietNamYemen A.R.Yemen Dem.EUROPEAlbaniaAustriaBelgium-Lux.BulgariaCzechoslovakiaDenmarkFaeroe Is.RnlandFranceGerman D.R.Germany F.R.GreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyLiechtensteinMaltaNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaSpainSwedenSwitzerland

73

91110

. 75B

197

1898

19102923

411117

13106

• •*

10688

13127

12• ••

15125

196

2533121725131523182814119

2816199

372319109

142136

74

9119758

218

1897

188

2721

611117

1166»t

10678

12127

12• ••

12115

207

244311162815112421311413132816198

4329181013142739

75

10119749

19• *i

18117

168

33231112137496*it

10637

13137

141511119

177,23 '

35111422131423132615139

2516198

33191899

142037

76

1118975

1020i«»

18128

181032272112127586

***

11659

13137

1517101117

187

2422121817141815112416129

2517199

3020208

16142331

77

10111075

1023in

1812111411332713121177853

126

...9

13101116219

1213

198

223911162514162618281513102917198

3425171014152730

78

11141075

1024it*

14129

14153426151388

11753

106

11101412111518101210

208

254311182714172719301416132416197

3927209

15143037

79

1114975

1023***

15139

141535271513118

161053

108

129

16121117197

1210

218

2639111827141626223115148

2818199

3824209

16163136

80

1215107

101223it*

17129

152134281712128

19553

1098

111612111615101211

166

24379

14251418291826171515211819113628111014162735

81

1215107

101123it*

20137

161940251812148

16963

1010101214121117108

1212

207

264211192914133121311718131919197

392619

815162943

82

13161079

1222it*

16138

161942301712159

151063

11107

1217141117129

1211

186

254312183614153218301617152317197

3725159

16152640

83

13161179

1222i**

16148

152045281912149

151063

108

101316111116108

1312

189

253410172814182815251716122017198

3322168

19152330

84

13151179

1223

• •*

16157

141737281912179

151374

1011161117151117109

1511

219

284411213614183324331820132318197

4226179

20173340

85

1313107,

101122• ii

17157

141636291913199

151164

1011161217141117108

1311

219

283810193614183824361819142317197

4225179

21182937

continued

1TABLE 9 (CONTINUED)Potato yMd, 196145 (t/ha)

Country

United KingdomYugoslaviaOCEANIAAustraliaFIJIFr.PoryiMSiaNawCaMoniaNswZsalandPapua N.Guintau.s.s.aDEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

61

226

14125

106

217

9

6

13

62

238

16145

106

216

8

6

12

63

229

16155

108

205

8

6

13

64

238

15145

109

204

11

6

14

65

257

16154

107

224

10

6

14

66

2410

18175

108

214

10

7

14

67

259

18165

107

286

11

7

15

68

259

18165

108

293

12

7

16

69

2510

20185

10B

301

11

7

15

70

289

20186

109

307

12

7

16

71

299

22206

106

307

12

8

15

72

288

22206

128

3111

10

7

15

I

Country

UnHtd KingdomYugoslaviaOCEANIAAustraliaFijiFr.PotynMiaNawCaMoniaNawZMlandPapua N.QuinaaU.S.S.R.DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

73

309

22206

10113030

f

8

17

74

3210

20196

101028a

10

9

15

75

238

21206

101025

1

11

9

15

76

229

22216

107

264

12

10

16

77

2910

23226

105

274

12

10

16

78

348

22218

105

284

12

10

17

79

329

23236

104

275

13

10

17

80

349

24236

109

287

10

11

14

81

3210

24246

105

278

11

11

16

82

369

2525

5107

273

11

12

15

83

309

2423576

295

12

12

15

84

379

2727684

305

13

12

17

85

369

2526684

269

11

12

17

NOTES: SM Table 1.

TABLE 10Swttt potato production, 1961-85 (0001)

Country

WORLDAFRICAAngolaBeninBurkina FawBurundiCameroonCape VerdeChadComoro!CongoCotedlvoireEgyptEq.GuinaaGabonGuineaKenyaLiberiaMfcVlfcVUBGeiTMaliMauritaniaMauritiusMozambiqueNigerNigeriaReunionRwandaSenegalSierra LeoneSomaliaSouth AfricaSudanSwazilandTanzaniaTogoUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabweN.& C.AMERICABarbadosCubaDominicaDominican Rp.GrenadaGuadeloupeHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoPuerto RicoSaint LuciaSt. VincentTrinidad Tob.United StatesSOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChile

61

96461

3281902932

470121

74876

1788252

83140

83033021

3127

1493

4521692

41107

21o5

495299

111

11959

1421

720

12180

194

9213

151

654

2091388

101356

7

62

105688

3570100

6132

470110

8SO77

187725

287

1508

2903021

3130

1543

6571692

44108

2104

550295

121

140412

2011

770

12190

184

10313

151

777

2131365

111448

8

63

984113421

1253640

470101

745

87

1882252

81160

8OOAoou

3121

3124

1593

4211592

36108

2115

605291

130

13518

2401

750

13200

1114

12613

151

652

2273366

111546

9

64

93645

32291402135

480917

4098

1988252

84170

8ooo odo3120

3124

1643

239792

39128

1957

610266

140

13166

2501

770

13210

1154

12912

151

589

2312342

111598

10

65

108690

31721503635

480111

735108

2086252

85180

8141 O41

3220

3220

1693

2036

142

36128

2006

600192

150

14207

2501

7706

2201

155

11414

171

702

2378341

111721

10

66

120076

32251254835

50096

630119

218325

285

19911

T4Q 3^9

3220

217

1743

2571121

235128

2378

520227

151

13787

2401

7706

2301

205

14514

172

620

2613362

111913

12

67

119007

35581455033

500104

728109

216825

285

20012

35733

20

2213

1794

3601520

241148

2548

658252

161

13647

2301

7512

2401

115

15913

152

612

3013444

112226

12

68

118546

35901406016

500112

32611102178252

80210

123643420

2910

1854

36819122

40168

2539

660253

161

13506

2331

7816

2601

125

12310

151

607

2815379

112120

14

69

126563

3757145

7126

500125

42510102191273

82220

1236735

20

409

1904

3241620

336188

2297

800260

161

14085

2401

8416

2501

156

14311

152

638

3020480

122175

14

70

137227

41321477334

425149

2251010218527

382

23012

QCA OOU

3520

408

1135

41310193

4320

8245

11200264

171

13786

2301

8716

2601

136

15510

141

597

2969438

122134

14

71

126532

42961505434

435128

12612112184283

82240

133283520

409

1155

3998

203

37247

2292

1425267

171

13137

2451

9116

2701

206

1299142

522

2998454

132156

14

72

121596

40961555032

390155

02712112186283

75250

12119 iJI4»

3020

4212

1205

4145

193

42327

2233

1224274

181

13268

2461

9506

2501

207

1267131

552

2951373

132249

10

continued

Country 73

WORLD 149411

AFRICAAngolaBtnlnBurkina FaaoBurundiCtmaroonCapeVerdeChad'ComorosCongoCoted'lvoireEgyptEq.GulneaGabonGuinea vKtnyaUbariaMadagascarMaliMauritaniaMauritiusMozambiqueNigarNigariaReunionRwandaSanegalSlwra LaoneSomaliaSouth AfricaSudanSwazilandTanzaniaTogoUgandaZairaZambiaZimbabweN.&C. AMERICABarbadosCubaDominicaDominican Ftp.GrenadaGuadeloupeHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoPuerto RicoSaint LuciaSt.VincentTrinidad Tob.United StatesSOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChile

43031605427

445144

12512122160283

68260

1224630

10

4216

1805

4268

193

4130

4380

41231285

182

12924

2411

9306

2601

167

967133

552

2657474

151828

9

74

129397

50411655227

355150

12613122360292

69270

1426735

20

407

1905

6127

193

43457

3846

1786294

192

13652

2481

9306

2901

21. 7

768123

605

2252295

161595

9

75

1280005479

1605535

450140

1301312247530

169

28015

27935

20

3513

1905

6756

193

3940

9459

61953300

192

13354

2481

8006

2951

157

788123

585

2405418

161600

8

76

115313

58301855740

460140

1321312226930

171

23515

47240

20

4055

2005

6945

113

414110

5136

2002306

201

13663

2501

8405

3001

166

818133

603

2109348

191378

8

77

1253885442

1706040

465135

1331412206832

171

25815

38840

20

4041

2005

7028

103

4440

3527

6165930720

1

13525

2631

7804

3461

225

747113

540

177033020

10748

78

129288

58851706440

625135

1341412186333

172

33015

32545

20

4024

2204

7739

113

44409

6966

1689298

201

14385

3111

9905

3061

395

568123

595

1563320

14882

7

79

116881

57261806042

468130

135151316

10433

173

34015

36548

20

4528

2301

8687

113

474110

5936

1576300

201

13612

3161

5905

2652

215

639112

606

1487322

14819

7

80

115713

52751803644

470130

6351513148634

168

33015

37349

20

4517

2401

8717

123

4642

8550

71200303

201

12535

3251

6805

2822

215

289122

497

1323302

15726

7

81

105543

55621803044

490140

7351613128634

168

36416

3995020

4516

2401

9588

134

4543

2540

7130033520

1

13333

3281

3208

2822

247

4910

112

581

1292247

8762

7

82

107477

61101802743

490140

235161312

12534

169

53016

3565120

4530

2501

10278

134

4443

1530

71600345

210

14444

3301

2108

3131

178

51• 10112

673

1470368

9747

7

83

116626

60051803143

502110

2351613128334

169

26517

46353

20

4531

2601

10078

134

4743

1530

71700355

221

13774

3321

3509

3462

247

5110

122

548

1318310

5682

7

84

1150865991

1803442

517130

2381713129035

170

28017

4635420

4531

2802

7316

134

52405

5007

1900355

221

14542

3351

5808

3502

367

5010

122

589

1429325

8763

7

85

110842

63051803843

520140

240181312

10035

170

28018

4505520

4532

2602

9008

134

5644

5530

72000

36022

1

14952

3301

4608

3502

307

508122

654

1365325

7750

7

continued

TABLE 10 (CONTINUED)SWMI potato production, 1961-85 (0001)

Country

EcuadorParaguayPeruUruguayVenezuelaASIABangladeshBrunei Darus.BurmaChinaEatl TimorHong KongIndiaIndonesiaIsraelJapanKampuchea Dm.Koraa D.P.R.Korea Rsp.LaotMalayalaPakistanPhilippinesSingaporeSri LankaTaiwanThailandVWNamEUROPEGraacaItalyPortugalSpainOCEANIAAuttraliaCook IslandFijiFr.PolynasiaNew CaledoniaN»w ZealandPacific Is.Papua N.GulnMSolomon to.TongaDEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

61

2272

14587

4

01334330

14

740201035

12612464

06491

27220938

7135

7696

458

3234165

1226

1932

2750

114

3671251334

2953914

91077

7384

62

2370

14656

4

98025350

15

800001229

8583680

06330

27228

11518

1408

7495

433080

1901133

1892

2950

106

3702251334

2964014

98343

7345

63

1774

15987

4

90798370

15

736001329

8503070

06732

29240

14048

1418

7845

522148

2081100

1972

3255

107

3722251334

2964214

90790

7621

64

1686

16679

4

86231400

06

665001519

8553958

05936

30248

265112

1459

7255

683348

1801121

1831

366086

3742251343

2984214

86892

6753

65

810012460

3

101173440

09

833001320

10982651

15025

21256

299715

1359

7015

513131

1961100

1692

366567

378\\2

261343

3004314

102752

5938

66

890

133804

112312454

08

947501312

9912476

•>14946

13256

269015

15710

6874

633460230

1076

1552

327051

3941261543

3154414

114315

5762

67

890

15070

3

110516733

012

942501311

12972144

14132

13260

167115

15510

6724

733720247

1084

1552

367443

4002261363

3204514

114059

4949

68

785

14549

4

110246772

012

936501510

16642364

13713

16264

204915

14610

7064

763445

2501065

1462

347040

3991271363

3204214

114032

4514

69

1194

15674

4

117827806

013

101350187

19442260

12968

22268

212315

12711

7314

663702

2651126

1412

297040

4101271373

3304214

122771

3793

70 71

10 799 99

178 16879 854 4

128182 117345852 832

0 115 17

111900 10185016 122 2

2397 24402175 2211

0 02670 2132

23 17272 280

2136 190115 15

125 10511 12

657 6514 4

72 573441 3391280 295

1120 1120

139 1402 2

26 2568 6942 45

428 4401 12 17 71 13 38 73 3

348 36041 4113 15

133769 123692

3459 2840

72

972

15466

4

112621747

116

98100112

22672066

02061

20292

1877159312

6483

562928305

1101

1402

246845

4643171383

3804215

118791

2806

V

Country

EcuadorParaguayPtfUUruguayVenezuelaASIABangladeshBrunei Darus.BurmaChinaEast TimorHong KongIndiaIndonesiaIsraelJapanKampuchea Dm.Korea D.P.R.Korea Rep.Lao*MalaysiaPakistanPhilippinesSingaporeSri LankaTaiwanThailandViatNamEUROPEGreeceItalyPortugalSpainOCEANIAAustraliaCook IslandFijiFr.PolynesIaNew CaledoniaNew ZealandPacific Is.Papua N.GuineaSolomon Is.TongaDEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

73

886

15873

4

140554691

117

12610014

120822387

01613

20300

1669168513

7483

913204

3191179

1312

216643

4743171383

3884316

147062

2349

74

1197

14679

4

120117637

119

106700152

15502470

01435

21320

1450136814

9162

1572708340

1200

1352

236842

4883171393

4004416

127166

2231

75

14105162793

118144719

118

10460002

16582433

01418

17332

1953107915

9861

1942403385920

1312

236738

5062172373

4204316

125817

2183

76 77

17 6114 119163 15860 50

4 4

105360 116171791 756

1 119 18

92300 1033500 01 1

1811 15552381 2460

1 11279 1431

22 23344 360

1783 156014 1879 7512 8

829 8881 1

186 1281851 1695326 324

1328 1520

140 1403 . 4

26 2567 6543 46

507 5123 31 18 82 23 36 63 3

422 42544 4515 16

113241 123223

2072 2165

78

411715360

5

119742783

117

10675001

15892083

11371

19365

1627227410

10371

1331463330

2067

1334

216543

52631823

153

4304516

127126

2162

79

410614960

5

107646795

019

9480000

16232194

11360

14368

138725579

11231

1491225335

2162

1354

216546

5263182383

4364516

1 14721

2160

80

31129460

4

107189791

019

9515000

13132079

11317

15374

1103285712

10481

1271055340

2358

1344

216544

53941823

163

4404516

113693

2014

81

41158560

4

96685704

021

8485000

15022094

11458

14380

1109295912

10101

159834348

2100

1239

204647

548419

.. 23

104

4504917

103321

2221

82

511915160

4

97788668

024

8700000

16961676

21384

17400843

305620

10381

153741355

1665

1162

174850

5494161374

4555117

105248

2229

83

7115127806

107258714

024

9625000

15872213

11379

25400

1012355220

8130

118560355

1700

1144

175340

5553161373

4605217

114526

2100

84 85

8 7110 102141 10060 60

7 7

105551 101001713 683

0 024 25

94400 900000 00 0

1566 15232338 1876

2 21400 1527

30 30450 470895 78738 4050 5021 22

777 10050 0

147 140424 465355 355

1900 .2000

101 1104 4

15 1340 4542 48

560 5664 51 28 81 1

.,448 83 3

464 46949 5017 17

112930 108481

2156 2361

NOTES: See Tablet

TABLE 11Swt«t potato area, 1961-tS (000 ha)

Country

WORLD

AFRICAAngolaBeninBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCape VerdeChadComorosCongoCote d'rvoireEgyptEq.GuineaGabonGuineaKenyaLiberiaMadagascarMallMauritaniaMauritiusMozambiqueNigerNigeriaReunionRwandaSenegalSierra LeoneSomaliaSouth AfricaSudanSwazilandTanzaniaTogoUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabwe

N.& C.AMERICABarbadosCuivoDominicaDominican Rp.GrenadaGuadeloupeHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoPuerto RicoSaint LuciaSt.VincentTrinidad Tob.United States

SOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChile

61

11849

610157

156747

39119561

1025

160

32062

130

60330802

311

14150

20

1751

320801

35010

155020

74

21938

1137

1

62

12272

67115172567423

10119461

1026

16032062

130

82230

1402

321

15750

20

1991

460901

37010

155020

82

22336

1145

1

63

11842

656171512673938119461

1026

15332062

130

81230

1502

291

1735020

2021

550901

39010

185030

69

23336

1152

1

64

11454

634185

156833

3711

10461

1027

15432062

140

70130

1502

292

17445

20

2011

600901

40020

194030

61

23835

1158

1

65

10047

6361811156844

3611

10461

1027

154

32061

140

58160

1502

352

17037

20

2061

600901

42020

145030

68

24936

1168

1

66

11189

59316131570333512

10461

1028

15532051

140

37280

1502

362

1504120

•••2051

600901

44031

165030

63

25336

1175

1

67

10517

58017141670353512

11361

1028

15632051

150

48380

1512

372

1065120

1981

600800

46021

184020

56

26742

1185

1

68

10070

50817168

7036

1512

11461

1029

15732061

150

53860

1412

382

1185220

1991

620901

50021

143010

55

26141

1182

1

60

10241

77517181270472512

11472

1029

15833081

160

614.T!

0.'14

12

342

270522o

2001

620

1001

48021

153010

55

272462

1851

70

10265

913IB181270392512

11472

1030

16133081

150

69270

1312

401

4005320

1991

630901

50021

163010

52

26944

2181

1

71

10118

10081815127039

1512

11482

1030

16034081

150

67370

1312

421

4955421

1931

630

1101

52021

122010

46

26742

2183

1

72

10003

103418151270

.-;-- 410512

11482

1031

16534081

140

73170

1312

421

51055

31

1891

630

1201

48031

112010

46

255352

1741

continued

Country

WORLDAFRICAAngolaBeninBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCap* VerdeChadComorosCongoCott d'lvoireEgyptEq.GuineaGabonGuineaKenyaLiberiaMadagascarMaliMauritaniaMauritiusMozambiqueNigerNigeriaReunionRwandaSenegalSierra LeoneSomaliaSouth AfricaSudanSwazilandTanzaniaTogoUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabweN. & C. AMERICABarbadosCubaDominicaDominican Rp.GrenadaGuadeloupeHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoPuerto RicoSaint LuciaSt.VmcentTrinidad Tob.United StatesSOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChile

73

10276

9241813107039

1512

113829

311

5332082

140

74380

1311

561

4005731

1880

630

1201

5002192010

45

246422

1591

74

9946

10591813107043

1512

123829

321

6034081

150

82480

1322

572

50658

31

1940

640

1201

5503171010

48

22733

2148

1

75

9869

11211814127040

1612

134919

322

6034081

150

87380

1321

672

55060

31

1930

650

1001

5702171010

46

24341

2153

1

76

9442

1175IB14157040

1612

113919

342

7945098

160

90350

1322

762

56461

31

1960

660

1101

5702172020

46

227383

1381

77

9643

10781815157039

1622

10391

1036

273

45096

160

92250

1321

802

4676230

1980

670

1000

6303172010

43

20436

3117

1

78

9938

11161816158539

162293

101

10372

7045094

180

96250

1321

902

4766330

2100

800

1401

5605162010

45

182343

981

79

9046

8961915158038

162284

111

1038

278

42095

180

106150

1321

852

24863

30

2090

800801

6302152010

46

175343

921

80

8820

8781912157538

362274

111

1038

277

42094

190

114260

1321

852

23163

30

2050

800

1001

6312122010

41

16034

384

1

81

8490

1011197

157538

362264

121

1036

286

42094

190

121260

1321

852

35067

30

2060

810601

6403131010

44

14924

184

1

82

8285

1082196

157539

162265

121

10532

8642095

190

121260

1321

852

4006930

2080

820401

6502131010

47

16232

282

1

83

8141

1086196

157535

162263

121

1029

296

52095

200

121260

1320

842

4207130

2110

830601

7003131010

41

15028

177

1

84

7940

1096197

157637

162264

121

1030

297

52095

200

93260

1421

842

45072

30

2140

840701

7004131010

42

15731

281

1

85

7913

1100197

157837

162264

121

10302

9152095

200

100260

1421

842

4507230

2130

830701

7003131010

43

15231

280

1

continued

TABLE 11 (CONTINUED)Sweet potato area, 1961-85 (000 ha)

Country

EcuadorParaguayPeruUruguayVenezuelaASIABangladeshBrunei Darus.BurmaChinaEast TimerHong KongIndiaIndonesiaIsraelJapanKampuchea Dm.Korea D.P.R.Korea Rep.LaosMalaysiaPakistanPhilippinesSingaporeSri LankaTaiwanThailandVietNamEUROPEGreeceItalyPortugalSpainOCEANIAAustraliaCook IslandsFijiFr.PolynesiaNew CaledoniaNew ZealandPacific Is.Papua N.GuineaSolomon Is.TongaDEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

61

58

12152

ii110743'( 37

01

911423

163366

0336

21662

191

135^1

11236

22225

180279

850010101

7445

11413

436

62

:7 5•'7

1.2U2

11077,', 394 o••' /• 19258

23

138544

0330

3167629

>•- 1152

110

23426

234

170278

860010101

7445

11829

443

63

58

13162

10S464101

888024

133484

0318

317

, 91291

1581

16227

28231

180288

86n010101

7445

11422

420

64

49

13162

102784401

834522

130620

0301

418

133291

1461

14246

27233

160286

860010100

7545

11060v\

393

65

31112162

97544602

803922

155416

0261

320

1522

101

1391

1423427

229

150285

870010100

7545

10587

360

66

39

1214

1

10038440\'!2

83352•-••-•j. 1

179402

0249

219

148291

1321

15235

34225

150294

870010100

7545

10847

342

67

29

1213

1

93695902

7705r 2.*<*' 1

206360

0219

120

1372

\91

1321

19236

31226

150293

880010100

7645

10211

306

68

28

1211

1

8908e7

02

719721

223404

0191

220

136261

1351

2024032

226

140293

900010100

7845

9795

275

69

39

1313

1

68887003

723631

242369

0158

220

135261

1350

19233

32222

140293

920010100

8045

9999

242

% ~ - -

39

14142

87767303

720730

213358

0133

321

127251

1280

16229

32223

140184

940010100

824

•<;/

10054

212

71

29

1413

1

854073

04

699430

220357

0111

221

111261

1390

15225

33223

150194

950010100

8345

9934

185

^72

31213132

85056703

703030

195339

0952

21104

261

1440

1521134

233

130184

970010100

8546

"~Sv

^9926

167

\\

Country

• ,D feu***// Paraguay

I-/ PeruI Uruguay

VenezuelaASIABangladeshBrunei Darus.

'%. Burma,'•------China-East TimorHong KongIndiaIndonesiaIsraelJapanKampuchea Dm.Korea D.P.R.Korea Rep.LaosMalaysiaPakistanPhilippinesSingaporeSri LankaTaiwanThailandVietNamEUROPEGreeceItalyPortugalSpainOCEANIAAustraliaCook IslandsRjiFr. PolynesiaNew CaledoniaNew ZealandPacific Is.Papua N.GuineaSc.omon Is.Tonga

\\

DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

73

21213142

880664

03

729530

205379

0763

2297241

1600

2720135

230

140194

1000010100

8746

10128

149

74

21313142

835161

04

685830

233333

068

32480

231

1900

4118038

230

130183

1030010110

9046

9804

142

75

3131414

1

81946704

675000

231311

069

22495

131

1960

48157

41195

130193

1060010100

9346

9728

142

76

3141415

1

772472

04

625600

251301

066

32487231

2090

4612434

244

130194

1060010110

9346

9302

139

77

1141515

1

8043710

046517

00

234326

064

32577241

2220

2810936

321

130184

1070010110

9446

9508

135

78

1151415

1

830972

04

678400

238301

065

22674

241

2280

219236

360

130193

1090010110

9546

9801

137

79

1141415

1

7G43730

, 46142

00

220287

064

22761

331

2380

167436

392

120193

1120010110

9846

8909

137

80

1148

151

745372

04

594300

207276

065

22855331

2360

146238

443

12, 0"v. 1

93

1120010111

9846

8687

133

81

1156

151

700168

04

561100

209275

065

22950341

2210

175439

350

100163

1130010111

9946

8357

134

82

1151315

1

670966

05

535300

225220

066

23045331

2090

164640

380

100163

1140010101

10047

8148

136

83

1151115

1

65706605

520000

217280

0653

3042331

1830

143640

382

100173

1150010101

10147

8011

130

84

2141015

1

634965

05

500000

216283

065

33037

431

1640

162840

390

90153

1160010111

10247

7810

130

85

2137

151

632162

05

500000

202211

066

33233

431

2140

163040

400

100163

1170010111

10347

7779

133

NOTES: See Table 1.

TABLE 12Swttt potato yWd, 1961-85 (t/ha)

Country

WORLDAFRICAAngolaBeninBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCapeVsrdeChadComorosCongoCotedlvoireEgyptEq.GuineaGabonGuineaKenyaLiberiaMadagascarMaliMauritaniaMauritiusMozambiqueNigerNigeriaReunionRwandaSenegalSierra LeoneSomaliaSouth AfricaSudanSwazilandTanzaniaTogoUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabweN.& C.AMERICABarbadosCubaDominicaDominican Rp.GrenadaGuadeloupeHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoPuerto RicoSaint LuciaSt.VincentTrinidad Tob.United StatesSOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChile

61

8

56427325852

194286

105

12185

121112863

105

254754665

784

1095

13529

10633339

1010101010

62

9

57317335852

204296

105

121B5

121212B73

103

255744665

7104

1095

13528

10733339

1010111010

63

8

57237326952

204286

106

121

125

151212563

102

255753675

774

1095

13528

10733239

1010111011

64

8

58427326

1062

204286

106

121

125

141212363

103

v 27

7̂ '44673

774

1095

13528

1073323

10

1010111011

65

10

58327326

1062

204297

106

131

125

131212352

102

274634573

774

1095

1053B

1083323

10

109

11, 1 °

v 11

66

11

58427326

1162

214297

10

121

1257

1212753

102

274743676

774

1095

10537

1093323

10

10109

1112

67

11

69327336

1062

214297

106

131

145

111214863

103

284736578

784

1095

10537

1093333

11

1111101212

68

12

68427335

1162

214287

10

131

1458

1215722

10 •','3

274756575

784

1095

10536

1093343

11

119

101214

69

12

59427325

1062

224288

106

131

1457

1217553

103

264743574

79

• 41085

10538

1094353

12

11117

1214

70

13

58436415

1062

204288

106

131

12568

18663

103

254613573

7104

1095

10537

10103333

12

11107

1214

71

13

48436315

1062

224288

105

131

13578

19633

103

294523573

7104

1086

10538

10113333

11

11118

1214

72

12

49336415

1062

23328895

120

125B9

23663

103

254532572

7104

10B5

10538

10113335

12

12118

1310

continued

Country

WORLDAFRICAAngolaBeninBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCape VerdeChadComorosCongoCoted'lvoireEgyptEq.GuineaGabonGuineaKenyaUberiaMadagascarMaliMauritaniaMauritiusMozambiqueNigerNigeriaReunionRwandaSenegalSierra LeoneSomaliaSouth AfricaSudanSwazilandTanzaniaTogoUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabweN.& C.AMERICABarbadosCubaDominicaDominican Rp.GrenadaGuadeloupeHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoPuerto RicoSaint LuciaSt.VincentTrinidad Tob.United StatesSOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChile

73

15

5a436415

1072

18328895

120

1358

1323632

103

244743572

7104

1085

10538

1010332

1112

11118

119

74

13

59435425

1062

203188

104

130

1456

1323722

103

25S744572

7104

1085

10538

1010732

1013

1098

119

75

13

59436425

1072

203189

105

120

134

121323

822

103

246734572

7104

1085

10547

1011652

1113

10107

108

76

12

59437426

1072

213187

106

110

1857

1323

822

103

246734582

7104

1085

105489

11452

1013

996

108

77

13

59437326972

214187

105

110

4457

1322852

103

246734582

7104

1085

10648

1010452

1012

99697

78

13

59437326B62

2231B9

105

110

1356

1320852

103

2416834582

7104

1075

10648

1010452

1113

99597

79

13

69436326872

243189

105

121

1356

1312852

104

2418736572

774

11B59449

1014

452

1113

910597

80

13

69336326872

243179

105

121

1754

138852

104

2515645572

613

41073

10439

1012452

1112

89597

81

12

59537426872

23317

10105

121

1154

138B52

103

252644572

6134

10629449

1415852

1113

910597

82

13

69537426872

23317

10104

121

1056

138852

103

251644572

7134

10629549

1416852

1114

912697

83

14

695

- '3

7326872

253179

115

121456

136852

104

251644572

7134

1063

10539

1318852

1113

911497

84

14'

59537426872

263179

115

121

1356

149852

104

275644572

784

1083

10539

1317852

1114

911497

85

14

69637426872

263179

115

121

1356

138952

104

265644572

784

10639539

1317852

1115

910497

cominuea

TABLE 12 (CONTINUED)Swtat potato yMd, 1961-85 (t/ha)

Country

EcuadorParaguayPeruUruguayVenezuelaASIA ^BangladeshBrunei Darus.BurmaChinaEast TimorHong KongIndiaIndonesiaIsraelJapanKampuchea Dm.Korea D.P.R.Korea Rap.LaosMalaysiaPakistanPhilippinesSingaporeSri LankaTaiwanThailandVkMNamEUROPEGreeceItalyPortugalSpainOCEANIAAustraliaCook IslandsFijiFr.PolynesiaNew CaledoniaNew ZealandPacific Is.Papua N.GuineaSolomon Is.TongaDEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

61

4101262

997565

1087

20191414157

1611585

1475

117

157

13

48

25835

18' 4

4103

8

17

62

4101242

996596967

30199

14155

1611594

1375

117

177

13

49

24835

1844

113

8

17

63

4101262

996587866

30211014155

1611593975

117

177

14

49

24835

1644

113

8

18

64

4101352

a94587976

40208

1420•;> a1511595

1475

117

188

14

49

24835

1774

113

8

17

65

39

1142

101035

107976

50198

13208

1411594

1375

119

198

14

49

24835

1174

113

10

17

66

2101163

111034

117966

3320

813188

1711594

1575

109

168

13

59

14835974

113

11

17

67

4101252

121235

126

1166

30199

13128

1711594

1685

1110188

12

56

14834

1474

123

11

16

68

3111242

121235

137

1076

28198

13158

2211594

1485

1010178

12

46

241044

1674

113

12

16

69

4111263

131235

147

1186

20199

13168

22125

103

1685

1012188

13

46

1810

44

1574

113

12

16

70

4111362

151235

1669

116

18208

13178

24125

105

1595

1022179

10

56

171045

1874

113

13

16

71

3111273

141135

155

11116

27199

13178

1712584

1595

99

187

11

56

241044

1674

113

12

15

72

36

1153

131145

144

11126

40221114188

1512494

1495

1123209

11

59

241055

1774

113

12

17

-A<

Country

EcuadorParaguayPsruUruguayVenezuelaASIABangladeshBrunal Dvus.BurmaChinaEast TimorHong KongIndiaIndonesiaIsraelJapanKampuchea Dm.Korea D.P.R.Korea Rep.LaosMalaysiaPakistanPhilippinesSingaporeSri LankaTaiwanThailandVletNamEUROPEGreeceItalyPortugalSpainOCEANIAAustraliaCook IslandsFIJIFr.PolynesiaNew CaledoniaNew ZealandPacific Is.Papua N.GuineaSolomon Is.TongaDEVELOPINGNATIONSDEVELOPEDNATIONS

73

47

1252

161145

176

12106

3521

814178

22135

103

1695

1013198

12

511131055

1774

113

15

16

74

58

// 12- 6

2

141145

166

1777

4521

813188

20145

124

1595

101420

812

511141055

1874

113

13

16

75

SB

1162

141145

15

1378

4021

91421

824145

124

1S ,9'

5

1018198

12

510231055

1775

113

13

15

76

68

1243

141145

15*•*

778

40199

14209

24144

124

15105

101422

812

510171055

1175

112

12

15

77

58

1134

141144

16• •*

3178

40229

14209

21154

125

1695

111821

813

512231055

1175

112

13

16

78

58

1144

141144

16*•>

2077

4021

814229

20165

136

1696

101821

815

510231054

1575

113

13

16

79

58

1144

141144

15tti

2478

4021

714231017165

129

1696

111820

817

510231054974

113

13

16

80

48

1244

141145

16• «•

2868

4020

813201016154

129

1795

112020

816

512231064

2374

113

13

15

81

58

1544

141055

15• ••

2478

41228

13221016145

12101596

124620

816

512231055

1575

123

12

17

82

58

1143

151045

16*••

2788

3821

913191016155

129

1694

1117188

16

51224935

1675

133

13

16

83

58

1244

161155

19to

2778

37218

13241117154

128

1694

111821

815

51226934

1665

133

14

16

84

58

1445

171155

19,.,

287'

840221015241117155

129

1595

121821

816

514261025

1675

123

14

17

85

58

1544

IB1155

18...

3089

40231015241117165

129

1695

111821

815

514271025

1675

133

14

18

NOTES: See Table 1.

TABLE 13Yam production, 1861-85 (0001)

COUNTRY

WORLD

AFRICABeninBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCent.Afr.Rep.ChadCongoCoted'tvoireEthiopiaGabonGhanaGuineaLiberiaMaliMauritaniaNigeriaRwandaSudanTanzaniaTogoZaireN.& C.AMERICABarbadosDominicaDominican Rp.GrenadaGuadeloupeHaitiJamaicaMartiniquePanamaPuerto RicoSaint LuciaSt.Chrli.NevIsSt.VincentTrinidad Tob.SOUTH AMERICABrazilColombiaVenezuela

ASIAJapanPhilippinesEUROPEPortugal

OCEANIAFijiNew CaledoniaPapua N.GuineaSamoaSolomon Is.TongaWallis Etc.

DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

61

13590

12843614236

15013511030

115019770

1100501372

87001

1205

30060

228132

210

2080431911132122

24885

11845

945440

22

17689

1181

1228

0

13534

56

62

14101

13319494

236

150137112

311200

19870

1100501372

92301

1305

29070

238132

230

2080501911133122

25688

12345

1045450

22

18289

1221

1229

0

14045

56

63

15168

14366496

226

14814011432

1230225

701099

501382

102201

1305

28075

247142

220

238350201114

2123

26493

12645

1056045

22

18589

1251

1329

0

15106

62

64

16047

1522055320

614714511532

1260229

651153

551382

109151

1405

27780

253142

220

238555201114

1123

27498

13046

1107239

22

18889

1281

13290

15974

73

65

16215

15383543

206

14915011635

1300234

651055

551382

110901

1506

29590

248102

230

1488572012142122

28010013347

1097237

22

1948

12130

113290

16141

74

66

16884

16017454

246

16215511738

1320239

65874

551392

119361

1606

280102

27192

270

2690632012142123

28810513944

1117438

22

1948

10132

11329

0

16808

76

67

16031

15155564306

17216011842

1350243

601134

551392

106462

1456

285113

268112

2706

90752013142133

29611214143

1158035

33

19497

1341

1429

1

15949

83

68

18065

17160648346

17816211944

138824860

1236601392

123661

1356

290155

281142

281

2390662015133133

30311514444

1188533

22

2011010

1361

1430

1

17978

87

69

19610

18718530

356

16116512046

1520253

551325

551392

138172

1307

300168

277112

291

2390632215133133

28512012045

1259233

22

202108

1381

1431

1

19516

94

70

18464

17563516

357

22316812050

1551258

55909

651492

130004

1207

290161

30115

229

1229481221213

3123

26512410041

1289830

22

204109

1401

1430

1

18364

100

71

19956

19031528407

26817012148

1555260

50909

551492

144004

1207

300165

349143

301

2396

1232315123133

2301286339

13711323

22

207108

1421

1531

1

19841

115

72

19698

1873553540

633717312346

1525264

47679

501392

14300•.x 4-;iis

7295165

353123

310

2398

1272015134133

2461337043

15012823

33

211109

1441

1532

1

19568

130

•D-

COUNTRY

WORLD

AFRICABeninBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCent.Afr.Rtp.ChadCongoCotedlvoireEthiopiaGabonGhanaGuineaLiberiaMaliMauritaniaNigeriaRwandaSudanTanzaniaTogoZaireN.& C.AMERICABarbadosDominicaDominican Rp.GrenadaGuadeloupeHaitiJamaicaMartiniquePanamaPuerto RicoSaint LuciaSt.Chris.NevisSt.VincentTrinidad Tob.SOUTH AMERICABrazilColombiaVenezuela

ASIAJapanPhilippines

EUROPEPortugal

OCEANIAFijiNew CaledoniaPapua N.GuineaSamoaSolomon Is.TongaWallis Etc.DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

73

20105

19140500457

35617511650

162426249

686541392

145005

1097

396175

35483

310

241001282015134143

2421407032

15313023

33

215119

1461

1532

1

19973

133

74

20749

19770428

416

364180115

111680265

52850

561592

150005

1137

400172

35953

330

221061312016134123

2501447432

14912425

22

218119

1481

1633

1

20623

127

75

21174

20187446

387

380180130

122172

27056

709561592

150006

1158

403174

36473

320

221081342016133123

2561507333

14512421

33

21999

1501

1633

1

21047

127

76

21316

20310599357

390183135

12203228062

575571592

152006

1158

406183

34663

290

22110120

1617143123

29015410530

14512124

33

22299

1521

1734

1

21192

124

77

21534

20435552327

400185140

12189328567

5357515102

155006

1138

416183

34764

321

10120125

1116134123

35516016233

16714027

22

2279

10155

11734

1

21391

143

78

2239221215

64327

6417188145

13198427073

5447615102

160005

1158

498177

3697

-- • 4""' 26

08

123150

1116134134

37716517637

19817128

22

2309

11157

11734

1

22219

173

79

23034

21922699

286

425190150

132068274

76602

7615102

165004

1138

483180

33963

1917

110143

916144133

34917514132

18916227

33

2331011

1591

1734

1

22870

165

80

23864

2275969428

5421190165

132340

27679

6507716102

170005

1138

484184

33184

1407

110133

919154134

38017816933

153134

19

33

2361011

1621

1834

1

23726

137

81

24152

23094666

286

402193175

132220

27885

5915816102

175006

1158

528195

33244709

115136

720154144

33318411929

152134

18

33

2391011

1641

1834

1

24016

137

82

2535224345

672306

355193190

14254028087

5885916112

185006

1159

473201

3145461

10115117

921144143

2911847730

158140

18

33

2421011

1661

1835

1

25209

143

83

23637

22598620296

37519519514

2450282

88866

5917112

166259

1159

424207

3325490

10120131

919134143

3101809634

15413222

11

2439

11168

11835

1

23504

133

84

25699

24602731

286

375197200

142600

21290

8806018122

185006

1109

342210

3473570

10120149

919134143

31718010334

18316023

33

2471012

1701

1935

1

25536

163

85

28816

27721812

317

380196210

14290021580

9006118123

212007

1159

336215

34225

130

10120140

1018124144

3101809733

19116130

33

2491011

1721

1935

1

28652

164

NOTES: See Tablet

TABLE 14Yam art*, 1961-85 (000 ha)

Country

WORLDAFRICABeninBurkina FMOBurundiCameroonCmt.Afr.Rtp.ChadCongoCoted'lvoireEthiopiaGabonGhanaGuineaLiberiaMaliMauritaniaNigeriaRwandaSudanTanzaniaTogoZaireN. & C. AMERICABarbadosDominicaDominican Rp.GrenadaGuadeloupeHaitiJamaicaMartiniquePanamaPuerto RicoSaint LuciaSt.Chrii.NevisStA/incentTrinidad Tob.

SOUTH AMERICABrazilColombiaVenezuelaASIAJapanPhilippinesEUROPEPortugalOCEANIAFijiNew CaledoniaPapua N.GuineaSamoaSolomon Is.TongaWallis Etc.DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

61

2124

20298991

3624159

1505410

1506110

14160

401

308

3510202

2032121000

3310158

153

11

00

121170020

2120

3

62

2007

19145891

3625159

1555510

1506110

13030

401

3010

3510202

2032221000

3210157

133

10

00

131180020

2004

3

63

2288

21935791

3625159

1605410

1626110

15660

401

3010

3710202

2132230000

3410159

1249

00

131180020

2285

4

64

2366

22715951

3626159

1605510

1716110

16270

501

3010

3710202

2142230000

3511159

1248

00

131180020

2364

4

65

2323

22256151

3626159

1685610956110

16430

501

3012

3810201

2242230000

3511159

1248

00

131180020

2319

4

66

2023

19225451

39261510

171 '571087

7110

13440

501

3014

4110202

2352230000

3612159

1248

00

141190020

2019

4

67

2081

19775861

50271611

168579

997110

13720

481

3015

4110300

2372231000

3612159

1258

00

141190020

2076

5

68

2048

19436381

52271611

171589

1197110

13000

461

3021

4210302

2362221000

3713159

1257

00

141190020

2043

5

69

2063

19585671

47271612

209599

1177110

12920

441

3022

4210302

2362221000

3513129

1367

00

151190120

2057

6

70

2328

22246061

62281612

195609

1727110

15000

401

3021

4410302

2472121000

3314109

1367

00

151190120

2322

6

71

2216

21104961

61281612

193609

1727110

14000

391

3022

4810302

24112221000

301479

1377

00

1511

100120

2209

7

72

2143

20335261

60291612

198619

1346110

13500

391

3422

5010302

25112221000

311579

1376

00

1521

100120

2135

7

Country

WORLD

AFRICABeninBurkina FMOBurundiCameroonCtnt.Afr.Rtp.ChadCongoCoted'lvoireEthiopiaGabonGhanaGuineaLiberiaUallIvIVHI

MauritaniaNigeriaRwandaSudanTanzaniaTogoZaire

N. & C. AMERICABarbadoaDominicaDominican Rp.GrenadaGuadeloupeHaitiJamaicaMartiniquePanamaPuerto RicoSaint LuciaSt.Chris.NevIsSt.VincentTrinidad Tob.

SOUTH AMERICABrazilColombiaVenezuela

ASIAJapanPhilippines

EUROPEPortugal

OCEANIAFijiNew CaledoniaPapua N.GuineaSamoaSolomon Is.TongaWallis Etc.

DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

73

2148

20404461

70291612

203619

1306110

13501

371

3923

5010302

25112221000

291676

1376

00

1621

100120

2140

8

74

2148

20374251

7830163

198619

1337210

13501

381

3923

5000301

27112311000

311678

1377

00

1621

100120

2141

7

75

2179

207045

S1

7930173

240629

1177210

13501

391

3923

5210301

27122321000

291776

1275

00

1611

100120

2172

7

76

2246

213263

S1

8031183

246639

1007210

14001

391

4024

5100301

28112321000

3417106

1376

00

1611

100130

2239

7

77

2260

213760

41

8131183

2546410899210

14001

391

4524

5400401

29112321000

3718146

1678

00

1611

100130

2252

8

78

2296

21676851

8332193

2656210959210

14001

391

4724

5710301

31132321000

3918146

1798

00

1611

110130

2287

9

79

2375

22456751

8532193

2746310

1059210

14501

391

5424

5810201

34122321000

3819126

1789

00

1711

110130

2366

8

80

2391

226071

51

853220

3225

" 6410

1137210

15001

391

5624

5800301

34122221000

4020156

1688

00

1711

110130

2383

8

81

2411

22817951

8534213

2266410

1167210

15001

401

5826

5800101

35122221000

3921136

1688

00

1711

110130

2403

8

82

2481

235480

51

8634223

2566510

1117220

15501

402

5327

5700101

35102221000

3721115

1688

00

1812

110130

2473

8

83

2446

23148451

8036233

2716510

1137220

15001

402

4327

5900101

36112221000

4020146

1587

00

1812

110130

2438

8

84

2484

23498151

8038223

2805910

1127220

15501

382

3028

6100101

36132221000

4020146

1688

00

1812

110130

2476

8

85

2468

23348651

8140233

3006010

1137220

15002

402

3028

6100201

36132221000

3820136

1789

00

1812

110130

2459

8

NOTES: See Table 1.

TABLE 15YamytoU,lMl-M(t/ha)

Country

WORLDAFRICA^-—i— BeninBurkina FatoBurundiCameroonCent.Afr.Rtp.ChadCongoCote d'tvoireEthiopiaGabonGhanaGuineaLiberiaMaliMauritaniaNigeriaRwandaSudanTanzaniaTogoZaireN. & C. AMERICABarbadosDomin'caDominican Rp.GreradaGuadeloupe;7HaitiJamaicaMartiniquePanamaPuerto RicoSaint LuciaStChrie.NevisSt.VlncentTrinidad Tob. ;

SOUTH AMERICABrazilColombiaVenezuela

ASIAJapanPhilippinesEUROPEPortugalOCEANIAFijiNew CadelonlaPapua N.GuineaSamoaSolomon h,TongaWallis Etc.DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

61

66936468484778

10876

1037

108

71210103

13.4"-,14 '•'118535

1016

8985

6173

88

1488

1614291211

6

16

62

7

7836468484778

10877

1037

107

71410103

134

15117S45

1016

8986

8175

88

1588

1614291211

7

16

63

7

7936468484778

10877

113798

71410103

134

15116545

1016

8985

8175

88

1488

1614281211

7

17

64

7

7946468484779

10877

123798

71210103

134

15116545

1016

8995

10195

88

1488

1614281311

7

19

65

7

79464684847

119

10877

1338

108

71110103

104

15117555

1016

8995

919

5

88

158

111613281311

7

18

66

8

88564684847

108

1097983798

71210113

114

131175459

16

8995

10185

88

1489

1613281311

8

18

67

8

810563684847

118

10978837

108

61110113

154

11117555

1116

8995

9185

88

1476

1513281313

8

17

68

9

910463684847

109

1097

10637

107

71210113

154

11118555

1116

89

105

10175

88

1469

1513281313

9

17

69

10

109563684746

118

1087

11637

108

71010113

154

111166559

16

89

105

10175

B8

1467

1514281313

9

16

70

8

8966468484659

10879937

108

71310113

154

111186558

16

89

105

1016

4

88

147B

1514281313

8

16

71

9

91176468484658

1077

10937

108

71310113

154

121286559

16

8994

10173

88

1477

1514281313

9

17

72

9

91076668484558976

1193797

71310113

154

111066S5

1016

89

105

1218

4

88

1478

1514281313

9

18

rCountry

WORLDAFRICABeninBurkina FMOBurundiCameroonCmt.Afr.Rip.ChadCongoCot* dtvolrtEthiopiaGabonGhanaGuineaUberiaMaliMauritaniaNigeriaRwandaSudanTanzaniaTogoZaireN. & C. AMERICABarbadosDominicaDominican Rp.GrenadaGuadeloupeHaitiJamaicaMartiniquePanamaPuerto RicoSaint LuciaSt.Chris.NevIsSt.VlncentTrinidad Tob.

SOUTH AMERICABrazilColombiaVenezuelaASIAJapanPhilippinesEUROPEPortugalOCEANIAFijiNew CadelonlaPapua N.GuineaSamoaSolomon Is.TongaWallis Etc.DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

73

9

911B6567484559975

11637

108

71310113

164

11106655

1116

89

105

12184

88

1478

1514281313

9

17

74

10

101096567484669

1076

11637

107

71310113

154

12106

1055

1016

89

104

1118

4

88

1478

1514281413

10

18

75

10

101086568594669

1085

11638

107

71310113

174

11107845

1016

99

106

12184

88

1478

1514291413

10

18

76

9

10986568584769

1076

11637

108

71310103

184

1187955

1117

99

105

11184

88

1478

1514291313

9

17

77

10

10976568574769

1076

1153698

613109394

1167845

1118

109

126

11193

1111

1479

1514291313

9

19

78

10

10966568574869

1076

11536

117

610108384

1166845

1118

109

126

1220

3

1010

1479

1514291313

10

19

79

10

101066568584868

1076

1163797

6101010373

1146845

1019

99

116

1120

3

1010

1479

1514291313

10

20

80

10

1010655685

10486

11976

1153698

616106373

114

10745

1118

99

12G

9172

1212

1479

1514291313

10

17

81

10

108655685

104958976

1243698

618107383

124

11745

1019

9995

1017

2

1111

1479

1514291313

10

17

82

10

108754695

104958976

1243698

618106383

114

11645

1018

8976

1018

2

1212

1477

1514291313

10

18

83

10

10765558594988976

11636

108

618106383

114

10645

1017

8976

10173

1111

146.7

1514291313

10

17

84

10

10965559594989976

12536

128

69

1063

103

114

10645

1018

8976

1220

3

1010

1476

1515281312

10

19

85

12

129755595

104889976

14436

118

68

107383

1149645

1018

8986

11204

1010

1477

1515281312

12

19

NOTES: See Table 1.

TABLE 16Umpttifitd production, 1961-85 (0001)

Country

WORLDAFRICABotswanaBurkina FMOCameroonCapeWrdeCongoEthiopiaGuinea-BissauLesothoMozambiqueNamibiaSao Tom* Prn.ZaireN. & C. AMERICABelizeGranadaGuadeloupeHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoPuerto RicoSaint LuciaSt.Chris.Nev!sSt.VtncentUnited StartsSOUTH AMERICABoliviaEcuadorGuyanaPeruSurinam*Venezuela

ASIABhutanEast TimorIndonesiaJapanKampuchea Dm.MacauMalaysiaMaldivesNepalPhilippinesTaiwanThailand

EUROPEBulgariaHungarySpainOCEANIACook IslandsFr.PolynesIaGuamKiribati

61

27561116

43

4501516

4173835

1408

18

113226

14283

221431

305

214431032

1170

12

1094110

84072

42

1104

401000

8512

2124615

62

2920

119243

5141617

41738

35

1508

19

120226

15283

271531

315

232431039

1270

12

1150110

88077

42

1204

42900

9522

2174615

63

3149

136043

6761417

422OQ O9

35

1508

20

13522

1615393

331731

275

221461232

1180

12

1208110

9208442

1204

441700

10532

2164615

64

3020

114643

4501617

4254035

1558

20

14522

16153

103

361831

324

212461238

1040

12

1275120

9609542

1305

462100

9532

2315615

65

3030

110353

3951518

4324035

1608

20

13122

13153

163

331631

184

258471633

1480

13

1303120

100086

42

1255

482100

6232

2295616

66

3155

115653

4371519

4404045

1608

21

14122

15183

163

351931

184

230471423

1320

14

13831238

10409243

1155

502120

7133

2395716

67

3406

1361, 5

3629

1319

4494045

1658

22

12822

15203

123

271831

164

247501619

1470

15

14221339

108091

43

1105

5223

21

6132

2415716

68

3511

141453

6681619

4584045

1658

23

12622

1622

3103

301241

154

228501920

1230

16

14921340

117074

43

1055

5422

30

5032

2465717

69

3531

137353

6131520

4674045

1709

23

12912

1624

3113

321341

134

264511724

1550

17

15111341

121074

43

835

5620

30

5032

2485717

70

3722

148354

7151520

477*3R •33

45

1709

24

14412

16263

213

351541

124

302561726

1860

17

15351341

123067

43

875

5821

51

7034

2525717

71

3657

138654

6041020

48635

45

1759

30

15412

1628

3273

391341

124

28356IB27

1650

17

15701442

125079

53

775

6023103

9045

2555717

72

3765

143264

6391021

49635

45

1759

30

17522

1630

330

3561131

124

277601827

1520

19

16171443

130090

53

665

6220

91

8044

2573717

continued

Country

WORLDAFRICABotswanaBurkina FasoCameroonCap* VerdeCongoEthiopiaGuinea-BissauLesothoMozambiqueNamibiaSao Tome Prn.Zaire

N. & C. AMERICABelizeGrenadaGuadeloupeHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoPuerto KcoSaint LuciaSt.Chris.NevisSt.VincentUnited StatesSOUTH AMERICABoliviaEcuadorGuyanaPeruSurinameVenezuelaASIABhutanEast TimorIndonesiaJapanKampuchea Dm.MacauMalaysiaMaldivesNepalPhilippinesTaiwanThailand

EUROPEBulgariaHungarySpain

OCEANIACook IslandsFr.PolynesiaGuamKiribati

73

37941475

64

6258

215503555

1809

27

15322

16324

264

311231

174

254461628

1490

15

16381444

1293104

73

805

631951

9046

2645718

74

4157

180564

8519

2?6'.035

55

1801030

17112

16344

285

41153'1

174

253481822

1490

16

16491446

12939573

905

6421100

10047

2706718

75

3303

183564

8309

23700

3054

1851030

168228

364

327

3714

41

154

244442023

1450

12

7721546

43089

63

805

6523100

10046

2756718

76

3041

176765

8109

236503054

1851130

16732

10384

3010351441

133

266632222

1410

18

552150

2438373

975

662490

10037

2796818

77

3160

186275

7907

2375040

54

1901131

173329

384

299

411341

154

279592324

1570

16

553150

2388874

1006

671990

10037

2826819

78

3251

192675

8155

21800

3554

1901129

21032

1039

434

9741142

154

261462322

1540

16

559160

2389964

956

681890

10028

2856819

79

3365

197685

7925

2185045

65

2001129

191328

394

358

561342

143

231369

18152

014

669160

3559844

906

6917110

11037

2887819

80

3365

201075

7764

219004565

2001130

172328

394

308

431342

143

230399

13153

016

650160

35086

54

856

7016120

1202

10

290781

10

81

3403

210575

8204

22950

3565

2101230

186335

424

288

581042

153

262691015

1540

14

541170

23589

53

856

711711

1

1604

12

294781

10

82

3271

199686

6584

221000

3565

2101231

184335

434

2610551042

163

274652416

1551

14

508170

2108263

856

721754

1402

12

295761

10

83

3455

217885

7754

221050

4065

2201231

191336

444

259

65942

163

249253017

1601

17

533170

2229283

807

791861

10027

295741

10

84

3307

194075

8003

227884065

2201232

194335

454

319

60842

163

268422817

1601

20

600170

2159594

857

1431881

8026

297741

10

85

3394

201675

8103

22850

4065

2241232

193335

455

319

6074 v2v,

16 j3 I

281523018

1621

19

594180

21095

94

857

1401881

9027

301742

11

continued

•03

TABLE IC(CONTINUED) :|UiMptcHtod production, 1981-85 (0001)

.Country

Papua NGuinaa.Samoa . ffVanuatuWaHiaEte.

1 . : * $ ' 'DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS ,,

61

1681

261

2871

8S

62

1721

271

2829

91

63

1701

271

3050

98

64

1851

271

2911>'

109

65

1821

281

2933

97

66

1901

281

3052

103

67

1921

281

3305

101

66

1952

281

3428

83

69

1972

291

3448

^ 83

,-..70-

2002

291

3645

78

71

2022

29 .1

3565'

'•^92

72

2052

291

3663,

102

/Country

Papua N.Gu!n«SamoaVanuatuWHIIiEtc.DEVELOPINGNATIONS ,

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

73

2102

301

si3676

113

74

2143

301

4048

109

75

. ti 218

330

1

3200

103

76

\s 221

330

1

2945

96

77

2243

301

,3058

102

78

2263

301

3138

113

79

2283

301

3253

112

80

2303

301

3264

101

81

2333

301

3295

108

82

2363

301

3172

100

83

2383

301

3350

104

84

2403

301

3201

106

85

2434

301I-

3288

107

NOTES: SM Table 1.

TABLE 17Unsptcffltd root crop ma, 1961-85 (000 ha)

Country

WORLDAFRICABotswana :\>Burkina FaaoCameroonCape VerdeCongoEthiopiaGulnea-BiaaauLesothoMozambiqueNamibiaSao Tome Prn.ZaireN.&C. AMERICABelizeGrenadaGuadeloupeHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoPuerto RicoSaint LuciaSt.Chrli.NevisSt.VineentUnited StatesSOUTH AMERICABoliviaEcuadorGuyanaPeruSurinameVenezuela

ASIABhutanEast TimorIndonesiaJapanKampuchea Dm.MacauMalaysiaMaldivesNepalPhilippinesTaiwanThailand

EUROPEHungarySpainOCEANIACook IslandsFr.PolynesiaGuamKiribati

61

506

30710

9643

175701

1713

25001

10110351020

481335

2502

20320

168510

1718300

000

130000

62

616

31210

10243

175701

1713

25001

10110451020

511336

2702

21320

176510

1818200

000

130000

63

679

36310

15043

177701

1713

27002

10110451020

521445

2602

22420

184510

181g400

100

130001

64

672

34310

12733

179701

1813

29001

11110461020

501446

2403

23620

192510

2019500

000

140001

65

652

30610

8933

181701

1813

28001

11120461010

601446

3403

24320

200510

191

10500

000

140001

66

677

31710

9733

183701

1813

33002

13120471020

571434

3403

25424

208510

181

10500

100

150001

67

800

43111

20733

187701

1813

32002

14110461010

5915

33

3603

26224

216510

171

10600

100

150001

68

814

43211

20333

191701

1913

31002

15110441020

551533

3103

28024

234410

171

11600

100

150001

69

835

43911

20633

195701

1913

32002

16120441010

621523

3803

28624

242410

151

11500

100

160001

70

845

438/f11

20133

199701

1913

33002

16120541110

701634

4403

28624

240510

161

12510

100

160101

71

858

~il44311

20233

203701

1914

34002

17130441110

671634

4004

29724

250610

141

12610

101

170101

72

873

45311

20823

207701

1914

34002

17130531110

651734

3804

30324

258610

121

12610

100

170101

continued

Country

WORLDAFRICABotswanaBurkina FatoCameroonCape VerdeCongoEthiopiaQuln«a-BitMu(jMOttlOMozambiqueNamibiaSao Tom* Prn.ZaireN.&C. AMERICABelizeGrenadaGuadeloupeHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoPuerto RicoSaint LuciaStChris.NevisSt. VincentUnited StatesSOUTH AMERICABoliviaEcuadorGuyanaPeruSurinameVenezuelaASIABhutanEast TimorIndonesiaJapanKampuchea Dm.MacauMalaysiaMaldivesNepalPhilippinesTaiwanThailand

EUROPEHungarySpainOCEANIACook IslandsFr.PolynesiaGuamKiribati

73

894

47211

21224

220701

2014

34002

18130331120

621734

3503

30824

260610

151

12600

101

170101

74

994

56911

28924

240701

2014

33002

18131321120

611733

3503

31124

260610

181

13610

101

180101

75

832

58611

28624

260701

2014

35001

19131331120

601733

3502

13120

86610

161

13510

101

180101

76

795

58411

28424

260701

2014

35001

19131331110

611743

3403

9520

49510

181

13510

101

180101

77

808

59211

28224

270701

2014

34001

19131321110

6617

43

3803

9720

50510

181

13510

101

190101

78

841

63011

30023

290701

2014

36001

21141

.,321110

601343

3803

9520

48610

171

13510

101

190101

79

871

63211

28023

310701

2214

38001

21141521110

641233

4403

11620

71610

161

13410

101

190101

80

867

63211

27023

320701

2214

35001

21131221110

6512

42

4403

11520

70610

151

14410

101

190101

81

883

66211

29023

330701

2214

35001

22131221110

721932

4503

9320

46610

151

14410

201

190101

82

912

69511

30023

350701

2514

35001

22131221120

7418

52

4503

8720

42610

151

14410

101

200101

83

910

69511

28023

370701

2514

35001

23231211120

691152

4604

9020

44610

151

15510

101

200101

84

892

65811

28023

333701

2514

36001

23231211120

751653

4604

10220

43610

151

27510

101

200101

85

912

67611

28023

350701

2614

36001

23231211120

781953

4704

10130

42610

151

27510

101

200101

continuea

flj

iK»««J&5:S * irf^tfr*

TABLE 17 (CONTINUED)UiMpacHtod rool crop area, 1961-85 (000 ha)

Country

Papua N.OuirwaSamoaVanuatuWaNfe Etc.DEVELOPINGNATIONSDEVELOPEDNATIONS

61

11010

591

5

62

11010

610

5

63

11010

673

5

64

11010

666

6

65

11010

647

6

66

12010

671

6

67

12010

794

6

68

12010

809

5

69

13010

830

5

70

13010

839

6

71

13010

851

7

72

13010

866

7

Country

Papua N.GuintaSamoaVanuatut**^Ml- »._wwra etc.

DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

73

14010

887

7

74

14010

987

7

75

14010

825

7

76

15020

788VvC7

7

77

15020

802

7

78

15020

834

7

79

15020

864

7

80

15020

859

8

81

15020

875

8

82

16020

904

8

83

16120

902

7

84

16120

884

7

85

16120

904

• 7

NOTES: SM Tablet

TABLE 18unvpejcnivu nx* crop ywia, i VOI-TO W"*/

Country

WORLDAFRICABotewanaBurkina FaaoCameroonCap* VerdeCongoEthiopiaGuinea-BissauLesothoMozambiqueNamibiaSao Tome Prn.ZaireN.& C.AMERICABelizeGrenadaGuadeloupeHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoPuerto RicoSaint LuciaSt.Chris.NevIs tSt.Vinc*nt 'United StatesSOUTH AMERICABoliviaEcuadorGuyanaPeruSurinameVenezuelaASIABhutanEast TimorIndonesiaJapanKampuchea Dm.MacauMalaysiaMaldivesNepalPhilippinesTaiwanThailand

EUROPEHungarySpainOCEANIACook IslandsFr.PolynesiaGuamKiribati

61

6

44654626

1558

137

5166

1013

10107343

1422

4336556

57

• ••

5165

106754K.

10

2710101632132010

62

5

44654626

1559

137

5176

1013

10107343

1423

5336545

57,,,

5165

107554

• <•

10

21109

1632132110

63

5

44754626

1559

137

5186

1013

10108343

1423

4336s55

57,,,

5185

107554

,,,

10

19109

1632132110

64

4

34745626

1559

137

5186

12139

109343

1422

4336445

57

• ii

5185

107554,,,

10

20109

1732132110

65

5

44745626

1559

137

5176

1013

10108343

1524

4346435

57ii*

5175

107554

• i*

10

14109

1631132010

66

5

44645626

1459

127

41669138

108343

1125

4356445

57

115

185

106554

1010

11109

1620141610

67

4

34634626

1459

127

41769138

108343

i 1123

4366455

57

115

195

106554

1010

11109

1628141610

66

434635626

1459

1284

17// 6

10137

107343

1025

4386455

57

115

175

106554

1010

1010101629141610

69

4

34635626

14•'"' 5

9127

4186

10237

108343

1123

4377455

57

115

165

106554

1010

1010111629141610

70

4

34645625

1359

126

4176

10239

108443

1120

4377455

57

115

145

105554

1010

1010'JO1629141610

71

4

34634625

1359

128

5186

10239

1010343

1021

4376455

57

115

145

106554

1010

1010101520141610

72

4

34635625

1359

128

5186

10239

1012343

1022

4477455

57

115

155

106553

1010

1010101534141710

o

continued

Country

WORLDAFRICABotswanaBurkina FanCkWWfOOACap* VerdeCongoCiilljmlM.CTrnOfMQuinM-BiwuLMOtnOMozambiqueNamibiaSao Tome Prn.Zaire

N. & C. AMERICABelizeGranadaGuadeloupeHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoPuerto RicoSaint LuciaSt.Chris.NevisSt.VincentUnited StatesSOUTH AMERICABoliviaEcuadorGuyanaPeruSurinam*VenezuelaASIABhutanEast TimorIndonesiaJapanKampuchea Dm.MacauMalaysiaMaldivesNepalPhilippinesTaiwanThailandEUROPEHungarySpainOCEANIACook IslandsFr.PolynesiaGuamKiribati

73

4

3463463S

1359

127

4186

10239

1010343

1021

4367465

57

115

177

106553

1010

101010

1526141710

74

4

34834635

1359

128

5186

1023

101014843

1022

4367455

57

115

167

105554

1010

101010

1528141710

75

4

3S634635

1349

138

5196823

101012453

1019

4377465

67tit

5167

105554

1010

101010

1530141610

76

4

35635635

1349

137

5216

1023

101412453

1018

4466455

67

**i

5157

105555

1010

101010

1531141610

77

4

356

•o 3S636

134

10138

52069239

1315643

1119

4367445

67in

5167

106554

1010

101010

1531141610

78

4

35633635

134

10137

620

610239

1322

743

1019

4467445

67nt

5176

1065549

10

101010

1532141610

79

4

36633637

1659

137

520

5923

101212743

1019

4337365

67

>*•

5166

106554

1110

101010

1533141610

80

435833837

1659

137

520

69239

1121743

1023

4327355

67in

5147

106554

1110

101010

1533141510

81

4

35633835

15 ,5Y

10147

5206923

101226

743

1120

4437354

67n*

5148

106554

1010

101010

1533131510

82 ,,

4

36623635

1558

147

5207923

101226743

1022

4457354

67

• ••

5138

1065546

10

101210

1533121510

83

4

36532636

1559

147

520

71023

101229743

1017

4267364

67

tn

51410106554

1010

101010

15338

1510

84

4

35532626

1559

148

5206

1023

101227743

1019

4357355

67

10

51511106554

1310

109

10

1533

81510

85

4

3553°2626

15S9

14 o8

(( 520

61023

101227

643

1019

4367354

67

• ti

51511106554

1310

999

1533

81510

continued

d '

TABLE 18 (CONTINUEO)unapccima root crop ymo, ivoi-«9{i/na;

Country

Papua N.GuinaaSamoaVanuatuWaft* Etc.DEVELOPING ^NATIONS ^

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

61

167

266

\, 5^^

17

62

167

256

5

17

63

167

256

5

18

64

177

246

4

19

65

167

236

5

17

66

166

236,

5

17

67

167

227

4

16

68

166

227

' 4

16

,»

156

227

4

16

70

156

217

4

13

71

156

217

4

14

72

157

21. '7

4

15

' •

Country

Papua N.GuinaaSamoaVanuatuWaNtoEto.OEVELOPINQNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

73

157

207

4

16

74

157

207

4

15

75

157

207

4

15

V157

207

4 .;

15

77

157

207

4

15

78

157

207

4

16

70

157

207

O

4

15

80

157

207

4

13

81

157

207

4

14

82

157

207

4

13

83

157

207

4'

// U

84

157

207

4

14

85

157

20• 7

4

14

NOTES: SMTabtol.

TABLE 10nooi crop prouucuon •umnwry, ivo^-oa \uuu i;

Country

WORLD

AFRICAAlgeriaAngolaBeninBotswanaBurkina PasoBurundiCameroonCape VerdeC*nt.Afr.Rtp.ChadComorosCongoCot* d'lvoireEgyptEq.GuineaEthiopiaGabonGambiaGhanaGuineaGuinea-BissauKenyaLesothoLiberiaLibyaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritaniaMauritiusMoroccoMozambiqueNamibiaNigerNigeriaReunionRwandaSao Tome Prn.SenegalSierra LeoneSomaliaSouth AfricaSudanSwazilandTanzaniaTogoTunisiaUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabwe

N& C.AMERICABahamasBarbadosBelizeBermudaCanadi

Cassava

131792

545100

1950690

042

492640

289327390

6031313

0540

2526

2728497

0421

0320

02060

29973

000

31600

18011583

5449

315

105360

1260

5500417

03900

15046210

77

88311000

Edible aroids

5667

328100

1300

10300

57800

211103

00

550

70032

000

170

9100000000

17870

3300

2100000

2200

3000

13501000

Potato

299446

6185604

40000

37170

20

1302

241198

0211

00000

62800

106260272

01

2056460

00

43.5

2720

1000

981236

2000

145222

403

23

206390001

2769

Sweet potato

114185

61000

180340

43513127

20

3817131291350100

700

2750

170

4590

54200

450

31267

1879

08

134

5242

4520

70

186735722

1

144203000

Yam

26051

2497300

7210

296

3770

197202

014

265000

23686

088260

000

18000

12200000

187750700000

11309

36700

21100

34103000

Unspecified

3385

2044000750

7953000

22000

8960000

4006000000005

2210000

120000000000

3200

19300300

Total

580526

97095604

21701458

7119

11502108

91147534107654

42101392

891344394

64310658

401323

6371106

2870571138

520

5643270

221212

3245411

16411533

13940

1033305

106229

813145

598815714

235101

236322831

2769

continued

TABLE 19 (CONTINUED)now crop pronucnon •umnwry, ivw-ao \vw i;

Country

Cost* RicaCubaDominicaDominican Rp.B SalvadorGranadaGuadeloupeGuatemalaHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoNicaraguaPanamaPuarto RicoSaint LuciaSt.Chris.NevisSt.vlncentTrinidad Tob.United States

SOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChileColombiaEcuadorFrench GuianaGuyanaParaguayPeruSurinameUruguayVenezuela

ASIAAfghanistanBangladeshBhutanBrunei Darus.BurmaChinaCyprusGaza StripIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIsraelJapanJordanKampuchea Dm.Korea O.P.R.Korea Rep.LaosLebanonMacauMalaysiaMaldives

Cassava

20300

111925029

2657

190

432734210330

27479140279

221420

1459223

80

2554351

30

322

486860001

633867

00

559913399

00000

9500

7700

3670

Edible aroids

0591838000000000070000

110

77ol00000500

1800

54

1863•i 0

0000

13003000000

363000401002

Potato

37258

115600

3099

100

8352

1600000

16642

98142044

5691996876

2183363

007

14180

139220

74939322

1159270

15647833

2427

11583196

1613113199

3669140

173347746

122000

Sweet potato

0332

1460080

3492

307

500091022

597

1371320

7732

70700

109123

0606

1046030

70300

2493550

00

15652142

002

14350

284408983800

510

Yam

004900

100

1200

140900

191341430

31200

1800

990000000

34

1760000000000000

151000000000

Unspecified

00000350

454

299

6200842

1603

2660

40000

290

170

16110

19

57600

17000000

216000

940900004

837

Total

56949

25228

314

2639

78722

22826

990297633103

2520

17242

393202504

89425049

8833741

6221317

26702070

4199655

230844322

186244

1244

146550245

71874715953

1613113201

571314

13221731378

161122

4501

8

continued

TABLE 19 (CONTINUED)Root crop production summary, 198345 (0001)

CountryEdlblt Sweet

Cassava aroids Potato potato Yam Unspecified Total

MongoliaNepalOmanPakistanPhilippine!Saudi ArabiaSingaporeSri LankaSyriaTaiwanThailandTurkeyUAEmiratesVietNamYemen AR.Yemen Dem.

EUROPE cAlbaniaAustriaBelgium-Lux.BulgariaCzechoslovakiaDenmarkFaeroe Is.FinlandFranceGerman O.R.Germany F.R.GreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyLiechtensteinMaltaNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandUnited KingdomYugoslavia

OCEANIAAmerican SamoaAustraliaCook IslandsFijiFr.PolynesiaGuamKiribatiNew CaledoniaNew ZealandNiuePacific Is.Papua N.Guinea

0000

188900

7180

7319673

00

286700

00000000000000000000000000000

233004

905003C0

10101

0000

1300000

60100000

00000000000000000000000000000

311400

290033010

182

113392

1516

4150

76344298

34503

263174

14

106151136

10641519408

35351015

1752

683610157768410861385

13713 ;,

2450 '1214

6412476

361521128642856411121828

67022484

12430

957013002

280000

000

21865

00

1350

483355

00

186700

10800000000000400

. 01500000

460

430000

56004171003803

464

0000

2500000000000

20000000000000000000002000000

246000

10000

11000

170

0121

00

1800007100000

90000000000002000000000070000

298007041

100000

240

113513

1537

296951

929344652

200373450'•'"•'3

4996174

14

106270136

10641519

40835351015

1752

683610157768410901387

13713

24651214

6412476

361521176642856911121828

67022484

28914

96112

137132

1322

288"V 2

; 1311C8

continued

ITABLE 19 (CONTINUED)Root crop production summary, 1983-85 (0001)

CountryEdible Sweat

Cassava aroids Potato potato Yam Unspecified Total

SamoaSolomon to.TongaVanuatuWallisEtc.

U.S.S.R

DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

01

1602

0

131792

0

3721300•2

o,\i

5304

363

00000

80474

87324

212122

0SO1700

0

111979

2206

11935

01

0

25898

153

300

301

0

3280

105

429198

< 306

80474

365576

214950

1

Derived from FAO, Basic Data Unit, Production Account (unpublished, May 1986 update). Includes countries producing an average of 50f\tons or more of root crops during the period. Regional totals Include figures for countries no listed. All calculations were done with unrounded numbers.

ff

TABLE20Root crop iraa tummary, 1983-85 (000 ha)

oCountry

Edible Sweet Cassava aroids Potato potato Yam Unspecified Total

V.ORLD

AFRICAAlgeriaAngolaBtninBottwanaBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCape VerdeCent.Afr.Rep.ChadComorosCongoCote d'rvoireEgyptEq.GuineaEthiopiaGabonGambiaGhanaGuineaGuinea-BissauKenyaLesothoLiberiaLibyaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritaniaMauritiusMoroccoMozambiqueNamibiaNigerNigeriaReunionRwandaSao Tome Prn.SenegalSierra LeoneSomaliaSouth AfricaSudanSwazilandTanzaniaTogoTunisiaUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabwe

N. & C. AMERICABahamasBarbadosBelizeBermudaCanada

13823

73860

130100

06

43400

0300-''663094

2500

250

422

31270

064

087

0339

468000

5400

251200

043

06

3130

450

45015

0403

21296119

15800000

1006

75500200

2400

181000

16030080

14020

00020

1400000000

3300700500000

•-)'; 400800

2000000

20333

741826000

1072003002

670

370''•'' 0000

7700

154079001

4260030

390100

7313

300

123180i

7440000

117

7998

10940

1970

157636

1062264

120100

100

30020

/'/ 9505200905

200

1050260

1421

,8420

4407230

2130C000

2466

233200

83051

800

3823

03

28400

61100

113700020002000000

1o170100000

3902

3400

2800

6000000

904

676000110

28020003000

3510000700000000001

25000010000000000400

36000J,\

46531

1298482

155192

127

155868

335610732

1027017337

45061

2565107

7170

09315

487125

1431

42556

2531

30701

196''' 1

841

48788

4565

5512

8742248

6421

12310100

117

continued

TABLE 20 (CONTINUED)now crop mnm summary, i vw-oo \vw ni;

Country /;

Costa RicaCuba .//DominicaDominican Rp.B SalvadorGrenadaGuadeloupeGuatemalaHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoNicaraguaPanamaPuerto RicoSaint LuciaSt.Chrls.NevIsSt.VlncentTrinidad Tob.United States

SOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChileColombiaEcuadorFrench GuianaGuyanaParaguayPeruSurlnameUruguayVenezuela

ASIAAfghanistanBangladeshBhutanBrunei Darus,BurmaChinaCyprusGaza StripIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIsraelJapanJordanKampuchea Dm.Korea D.P.R.Korea Rep.LaosLebanonMacauMalaysiaMaldives

Cassava

546

020

2003

6502027 .5000000

23891630

19150

16123

10

17033

10

40

387000005

24000

3101279

00000

1300500

340

Edible aroids

0102500000000001000010

130000000003009

17400000

1020000000

29000000000

Potato

3140100061110

710200000

526

89311215016670

15332001

1720

2017

589422

11040

164066

110

79426

11265

13010

14029

58000

Sweet potato

083070010

7003130010010

42

15330

279

10100

1490

151

64130

64005

506700

212258

000

6503

313730030

Yam

00020010

360

122002210000

3900

200

1400000006

1600000000000008000000000

Unspecified

00000010

23231200111200

740

160005030

46004

97002000000

4300060100000

151

Total

8153

3li 34

2138

1943

224

797953132

568

3561158197

218071

S2862

13

185264

13577

1646422

17460

269474

110

13161606

11265

2381

16171671480

522

continued

TABLE 20 (CONTINUED)Root crop area summary, 1983-85 (000 ha)

CountryEdible Sweet

Cassava aroids Potato potato Yam Unspecified Total

MongoliaNepalOmanPakistanPhilippinesSaudi ArabiaSingaporeSri LankaSyriaTaiwanThailandTurkeyUAEmiratesVietNamYemen A.R.Yemen Dem.

EUROPEAlbaniaAustriaBelgium-Lux.BulgariaCzechoslovakia .DenmarkFaeroe Is.RnlandFranceGerman D.R.Germany F.R.GreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyLiechtensteinMaltaNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandUnited KingdomYugoslavia

OCEANIAAmerican SamoaAustraliaCook IslandsFijiFr.PolynesiaGuamKiribatiNew CaledoniaNew ZealandNiuePacific Is.Papua N.Guinea

0000

23400

5605

119400

49500

0000000000.600000 .0000000000000

2100080000001

10

0000

3600006000000

0000000000Of '

g00000000000000000

4510050001010

27

10610

504006

2021

2070

3013

1

529815403940

19030

042

207>4B4

2456275

132

14112

16420

2154127317337

4023

195274

490

38000000

10000

0001

18700

150'31

4000

39100

100000000000000001000006030000

11600010001001

102

0000800000000000

00000000000000000000000000000

1800010002000

11

02300500001000000

10000000000000000000000010000

2000001010000

16

10640

52474

00

782046

1234207

0916

131

530915403940

190300

42207484245

6275

132

14212

16420

2154134317340

4023

195274

2681

380

151014

1012

166

continued

TABLE 20 (CONTINUED) ''Root crop area summary, 1983-85 (000 ha)

Country

SamoaSolomon Is.TongaVanuatuWallls Etc.

U.S.S.R.

DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

Cassava

00100

0

13823

0

Edible aroids

51400

0

977

29

Potato

00000

6715

7421

12912

Sweet potato

04700

0

7867

131

Yam

01300

0

2458

B

Unspecified

10020

0

897

7

Total

66

1521

6715

33443

13088

NOTES: See Table 19.

It

\r

TABLE 21Root crop yteM summary, 1983-85 (t/ha)

Country

WORLD

AFRICAAlgeriaAngolaBeninBotswanaBurkina FuoBurundiCameroonCape VerdeCant.Afr.Rtp.ChadComorosCongoCota d'lvoiraEgyptEq.GuinaaEthiopiaGabonGambiaGhanaGuinaaGuinaa-BissauKanyaLesothoUbariaLibyaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritaniaMauritiusMoroccoMozambiqueNamibiaNigerNigeriaReunionRwandaSao Tome Prn.SenegalSierra LeoneSomaliaSouth AfricaSudanSwazilandTanzaniaTogoTunisiaUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabwe

N. & C. AMERICABahamasBarbadosBelizeBermudaCanada

Edible Sweet Cassava aroids Potato potato Yam Unspecified

10

7,,,

157m

711

2734365

• >t

2,,,

6397ni

7*M

4,.,

669

• •>

15• *«

6.,,

710101011

33

11...3

*i>

1228...

10734

61424.........

6 15

4 877

7nt ttt

*•• «••

4 42

163 21 5

**• tl.

61 12

32 18••• ..*

67...5 ...2•** t«»

8 ;*<t tt»

87

6 63

>•• «•»

411 24

1310

tt. ttt

75 14

195 7

ttt •••

145

"! 131927

5127

4 59

15

7 28t,t >i>

3•tt ttt

1024

14 11 4

6 11 3 x"• Itt Ml

95 9

63657 535 32 ... 2

56 986562 9

263

4 31 9

...8

7 96

915

11 9nt ... ,i>

5tn it in

12 71 68

Ml IM IM

5 ... 59

613 1288 5

1452

104

26 346 53 11

Mt II Ml4 .!!58872

7654

10 1120

7...

continued

.. n, ,\ l !

TABLE 21 (CONTINUED)Root crop yield tummary, 1983-85 (t/ha)

Ediblt Sweet Country Cassava arolds Potato potato

CostoHcaCuba'Dominic*Dominican Rp.El SalvadorGrenadaGuadeloupeGuatemalaHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoNicaraguaPanamaPuerto RicoSaint LuciaSt.Chris.NevisSt. VincentTrinidad Tob.United States

SOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChileColombiaEcuadorFrench GuianaGuyanaParaguayPeruSurinameUruguayVenezuela

ASIAAfghanistanBangladeshBhutanBrunei Darus.BurmaChinaCyprusGazaStripIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIsraelJapan 'JordanKampuchea Dm. r,\KoreaD.P.R. vKorea Rep. :Laos iLebanonMacauMalaysiaMaldives

4 ... 137 6 18

10 10 56 7 12

13 ... 197

114 ... 54 ... 15

18 ... 129 ... 93

18 ... 124 ... 47 7 1183 5

91112 11

32

12 6 119 ... 189 ... 4

12 ... 1212

9 ... 1410 ... 1111 11•i* «.i ti>15 .;. e

11 5 86

78 6 13

13 11 1314117

912 ... 916 13 12

27 2216

18 ... 1510 ... 7

141739

13 2819

712

9 161)14 ... 9

17 15.11 I.I It!

11

4 10

4107539

«M

539

1317,,,

HI

8552

1114

911497

m

5*..

,,,

813544

16ttt

11t*i

55

18,,,

...

78

*<i

...

3922tn

9142411

t«t

174

Yam Unspecified

...

106

• i*

39

in

3it*

114

HI

,,,

9645

1018...ft -„ C»

XI

9• ii

7.............11.11in6

'•i1

.11

in

.if

>..

...

i.*

...

«i«

»*l

...

...

19• ..

...

,,,

...

ii.

.11

...

...

• tl

*tl

I.IIII

,610...

23

101228

4*t.

643

10...19

4in

3nt

t.t

• •*

6t*i

7.1.35

...

4

6.11

...

73....!<.........5

in

15

11

...

...

1065

continued

'J\

TABLE 21 (CONTINUED)Root crop yMd summary, 1983-85 (t/ha)

CountryEdible Sweet

Cassava aroids Potato potato Yam Unspecified

MongoliaNepalOmanPakistanPhilippinesSaudi ArabiaSingaporeSri LankaSyriaTaiwanThailandTurkeyUAEmiratesvietNamYemen A.R.Yemen Oem.

EUROPEAlbaniaAustriaBelgium-Lux.BulgariaCzechoslovakiaDenmarkFaeroe Is.FinlandFranceGerman D.R.Germany F.R.GreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyLiechtensteinMaltaNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandUnitedKingdomYugoslavia

OCEANIAAmerican SamoaAustraliaCook IslandsFijiFr.PolynesiaGuamKiribatiNew CaledoniaNew ZealandNiuePacific Is.Papua N.G 'inea

i\\\

... .*.

*»» *..

»*• **.

8 4... ...

1113... ..*

14 916 10... ' ...

... .*.

6•*. ttt

...

...

... it.

... it*

*.. t*.

... ...

... ti.

... itt

ttt ..*

»*. ti.

... i*.

•*. it*

.*. it.

.,, ,,,

•*. ...

... tt.

... ...

... ...

... tti

*** ttt

• »* it.

... tt.

... it.

... ttt

... it*

... ...

... ttt

... it.

...

11 74 6... . . ...

3212 617... tti

66 4

*** ...

4 29

11 7

1164

101014.it

1217141117109

1411

209

273910193314183321311819132217197

3924179

20172836349

25.t.

25• ti

68i.i

...

528ti.

7

itt

t.i

155

in

129in

159tit

in

5tit

...

11in

HI

III

lit

Itl

III

...

Ill

tit

III

III

18

HI

"t

21

ttt

...

HI

it.

8.11

15

-, «, Ml

' '" v"m

*;?>,5in

13261022lit

51625

75

5to .it

... *t*

3 4<tt .11

7tti i*t

HI in

12105

.11 .**

... in

in ••>

.„

10 10HI ...

t.i i.i

01 tti

HI .11

iti KI

lit t*t

HI »«i

ttt itt

tit ...

it* in

iti ttt

HI in

9tit tit

10 III

,,, ...

0. Ill

10

...

... ..t

.0 t.l

10 10tl. ...

10... ...

Itt ...

../;\...

14 152i.. ...

337

81510

6.0 ...

2tll (tl

15 15

continued

TABLE 21 (CONTINUED)nooi crop ywtu •umnwry, ivoj-oa 1V""/ y '

EdibleCountry

SamoaSolomon Is.TongaVanuatuWallisEtc.U.S.S.R.

DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

Sweet -::"I)

Cassava aroids Potato potato Yam Unspecified

121415IM

10...

10

...

7197

• *•

13...

5

13

1513 293 13

*• •*• •••

1212

12 14 11

16 17 19

7 o>•*

(It

207...

4

14

NOTES: See Table 19.

0

TABLE 22Par capita root crop production and quantHitt available for conaumptlon and to supply dietary anargy and prottki, 1984

QProduc-

Gountry

WORLD

AFRICAAlgeriaAngolaBeninBotswanaBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCape VerdeCent.Afr.Rep.ChadComorosCongoCote d'rvoireEgyptEq.GulneaEthiopiaGabonGambiaGhanaGuineaGuinea-BissauKenyaLesothoLiberiaLibyaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritaniaMauritiusMoroccoMozambiqueNamibiaNigerNigeriaReunionRwandaSao Tome Prn.SenegalSeychellesSierra LeoneSomaliaSouth AfricaSudanSwaziland

/TanzaniaTogoTunisiaUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabwe

tionkg

28

1040

228177

06

111665

35757

209354130

0141

0216

10310840

310

1510

2104410000

2320

29128

9553232

288060

258155

0261517

339

Wl.kg .-

16

780

193154

04

6844

5283

51184357

58000

1979

15275

0300

1510

12940

9000

2230

2485

65829

22

286050

197135

0183431

319

issava Edible aroidsConsumptionEnergy

kcal

14

790

210169

05

6548

50

570

36264

000

20810

167830

330

1660

1344010000

2450

27847

5732

22

317060

198139

01964283410

Protein 8

85

4820

16601384

040

305396

410

4630

2189526

000

147081

1367677

0270

01357

091523884020

19960

21927357

287255

1414

255570

480

1236907

015002374

27981

Produc­tion kg

1

1700300

2200

23200

21200

530

55500080

1000000000

1905000600000700100

Wt.kg

1500300

2200

19100

15200

<v 480

53400070500000000

1405000500000600100

ConsumptionEnergy

kcal

1o400200

19000100

13200

410

45400060500000000

1204000500000500100

Proteing

15

7100

4300

337000

2000

2242700

7150

79064

000

1050

7900040000

2070

74000

8000000

9300

1500

^— •-»— roiatoProduc- Consumption

tion kg

66

1125

50008

17803013

260400000

3200

272740

o,0

2026

4000

1043

02000

311

1090

1915

103

Wl.kg

32

828

403060

1202013

190320000

2601

31182502

191740009

3503900

211670

2010

102

Energy kcal

22

620302040801012

130010000

1800

2213IB01

131230007

2502700

150450

147102

Proteing

535

122415

571

510

840

1750

300

1847

28100

266005

38408

462272376

123

281259

56015

140526

049

13532

3158

92108

4304155

156

34

continued

Sweet potato

Country

WORLD

AFRICAAlgeriaAngolaBeninBotswanaBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCape VerdeCent.Afr.Rep.ChadComorosCongoCote d'lvoireEgyptEq.GuineaEthiopiaGabonGambiaGhanaGuineaGuinea-BissauKenyaLesothoLiberiaLibyaMadagascarMalawi

:. Mali• Mauritaniajj Mauritius/' Morocco

II .Mozambiquell.. Namibia

NigerNigeriaReunionRwandaSao Tome Prn.SenegalSeychellesSierra LeoneSomaliaSouth AfricaSudanSwazilandTanzaniaTogoTunisiaUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabwe

Produc tionkg

24

110

21906

11314708

39812

900100

120

14080

480710030533

12401041228

2320

1271230

ConsumptionWt.kg

19

90

19804

10112606

3571200100

100

12070

280710030522

12801031227

2120

1021030

Energy kcal

18

90

18704

9711606071200100

100

12070

260610030522

12301031127

2020

9710

30

Proteing

185

1220

247100

054

131815578

081

0901421

00

1400

1300

1830

940

3580

851420

39, 0

613230

16660

140

429

202292

277250

132013240

1

Produc­tionkg

5

4600

186041

390

784108

275005

790

671000080001100000

20101000000500.

11900700

Wt.kg

3

2800

102041

230

5933

07

154004

750

64900070001100000

11801000000500

9100600

YamConsumptionEnergy

kcal

3

2700

102041

23400

2906

154000

750

6490007,-<"•" o

> 601100000

11801000000500

9100600

Proteing

53

43800

16300

5927

37500

6860

1502462

000

12070

1017146

000

119000

221900000

18910

16000000

7606

145100

9600

TotalProduc- Consumption

tion kg

125

19325

254375

717

255221

2945811124838443030

23128

34910

4321114677

417527

29584182

2026

23914634

35122

228160

62.•w9

331418

290283

194035393612

Wt.kg

71

13228

216266

1013

19912630

36194

219384232

220

25323

9268

9941685

17331

18065174

1917

23011729

22019

227144

611377

231213

225234

20295450

3411

Energy kcal

59

12620

231281

813

187336270

940

386234

1600

32710

27610543635

18722

17857183

\\ 14•I 12

25110631

21717

210114

59

398

161311

224237

14301446

3711

Proteing

876

1257415

19643157

157164

20701628428

01279

026303274

33000

343487

31741017415837

881682462

162561419256

289259

20971869

2812407245

25681404

76149380

68335154184

16272481304

29742643324115

continued

TABLE 22 (CONTINUED)raw capita root crop proouction ana quantum avanaow tor consumption ana to vuppiy diatary anargy and protain, 1984

CassavaProduc-

Vi », ;

N.&C. AMERICAAntiguaBahamasBarbadosBelizeBermudaCanadaCayman to.Costa RicaCubaDominicaDominican Rp.El SalvadorGrenadaGuadeloupeGuatemalaHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoMontserratNeth.AntlllesNicaraguaPanamaPuerto RicoSaint LuciaSt.Chris.NevisSt.VincentTrinidad Tob.United States

SOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChileColombiaEcuadorFrench GuianaGuyanaParaguayPeruSurinameUruguayVenezuela

ASIAAfghanistanBangladeshBhutanBrunei Darus.BurmaChinaCyprusGaza StripHong KongIndia

tionkg

206400007

3011215191

412911009

16170

3130

1025

45162

04926950

69919100

20

180003240008

Wt.kg

206402003

196

155121

252610008

11070

0 1430

412

34620

3718340

15415100

10

80003120037

ConsumotionEnergy

kcal

106402003

215

154121

231710007

10060

1400

362

30550

3316370

13913900

50003120036

Proteing

70

53240

1300

22954072329

156

12011326000

5478

0470

5800

23714

235355

0230123304

09651036700

28000

181017004..

26

Edible aroidsProduc­

tionkg

2002000006

24160000000000003030090

0000000

63001003

10000015000

Wt.kg

0003000005

84300000000000010300

190

0000000

28001003

10000012000

ConsumotionEnergy

kcal

0003000006

8630000000000001030000

0000000

24001000

00000012000

Protting

400

4800000

921373

52000000000000

220

470000

100 '0000

41800

12000

900000

1833

000

Productionkg

520000

11111

012267210041250

111001800500

69

4170

10816878843002

760

4815

2719121904

47355

150

16

PotatoConsumotion

Wt.kg

403

262611187008

234234

143124

14110

301604

134

2055

32645514526431

802

59113513

191410094

302904

12

Energykcal

272

18178

134906

153223

102

:< 1

23

1000

221403930

38

2243379

384722601

438

250

13107062

2121038

Proteing

64251

438615206312

11830

155209

80556463

25552203839

25900

56523

1060

102206670

927

66015421330326994

1224584139

030

1117208645

0

307239162

013561

507501

064

198

continued

Sweet ootato! Produc­

tion Country kg

N. & C. AMERICAAntiguaBahamasBarbadosBelizeBermudaCanadaCayman Is.Costa RicaCubaDominicaDominican Rp.El SalvadorGrenadaGuadeloupeGuatemalaHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoMontserratNeth.AntillesNicaraguaPanamaPuerto RicoSaint LuciaSt.Chris.NevIsSt.VincentTrinidad Tob.United States

SOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChileColombiaEcuadorFrench GuianaGuyana .\,ParaguayPeruSurinameUruguayVenezuela

ASIAAfghanistanBangladeshBhutanBrunei Darus.BurmaChinaCyprusGaza StripHong KongIndia

412801000

34191002

250

550

1621

110003

113

1422

511

1610100

3170

200

3807011

920002

Wl.kg

313701000

271070260

440

1320

100000

103332

410

1310100

2660

150

2907011

710002

ConsumptionEnergy

k-.al

313601000

26960250

420

131700000092302

391200100

2250

130

2806011

710002

Protein g

341335710

13500

2969372

118720

4803

142238

000000

1021929

027

3699

828

60b00

258593

1470

2830

59055

707002

18

Produc­tion kg

100

13000100

60104

300

190

6527

000094

301638

30

10010400000002

00000000000

Wt.kg

100

11000000

3720470

150

57.11"

000040

261423

50

10010400000002

00000000000

YamConsumption

Energy kcal

100

10, 0

00000

3320370

130

5110000040

241320

00

10010400000000

00000000000

Protein g

13130

202000000

78737

080

1560

2690

1201223

0000

800 ,

477302471

00

1500

140

75000000

, 00

10000000000

TotalProduc- Consumption

tion kg

6118

271912

1111

1996

338406

3179

5123

g10876

/1411'0

1036108254

2371771

15086

16118588

.4173

15818

732111126841

8419193247

144360

150

26

Wt.kg

465

3551242270

01175

14129

83238

591

59379130

329

230

7957964956

7877957953

I'd527014

18286225029

5714160

126

10432

08

20

Energy kcal

324

2740191649

01068

136287

2932

3 (l' 84 ,\

48468

00

248

210

704989

040

62547168<K)

A406712

162651838

0

4710130

104

9523

09

16

Proteing

70476

527960365338

11880

192692

237328897

518607

58957

6615561128

00

59979

310/0

1109962

14900

955

95616551626724

10001529737861168

12531349296792

0

629239222

016275

1250534

081

243

continued

TABLE 22 (CONTINUED)rar capnei root crop proaucmm ana quamnws avauaDw ior consumption ana to supply dMary anargy and protain,i9M

CassavaProduc-

"

Country

IndonesiaIranIraqIsraelJapanJordanKampuchea Dm.Korea D.P.R.Korea Rep.KuwaitLaos :LebanonMacauMalaysiaMaldivesMongoliaNepalOmanPakistanPhilippinesSaudi ArabiaSingaporeSri LankaSyriaTaiwanThailandTurkeyUAEmiratesVtotNam ,,Yemen A.R. kYemen Dem. \vyf

EUROPEAlbaniaAustria vBelgium-Lux.-BulgariaCzechoslovakiaDenmarkFaeroe Is.RnlandFranceGerman D.R.Germany F.R.GreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyLiechtensteinMaltaNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaSpainSweden

tionkg

8700000

13000

1900

2400000

2900

4304

39700

50'•' 0 ''0

00000000000000000000000000

Wl.kg

6200000

13000

1403

2000000

340

143200

1800

4200

00000000000000000000000000

Edible arc-IdsConsumotion Produc-Energy

kcal

000000

13000

1403

2000000

350

1333

00

1700

4300

00000000000000000000000000

Proteing

000000

89000

830

19129

00000

2360

59225

00

70v,0

0295

00

00000000000000000000000000

tionkg

00003000000000

100000200003000000

00000000000000000000000000

Wl.kg

0000200000000090000200000000000

00000000000000000000000000

ConsumotionEnergy

kcal

000020000000007000 ,0100000000000

00000000000000

. 000000000000

Proteing

0000

42000200300

1690000

32000

„ 00000000

00000

,00000000000000

. 0000000

PotatoProduc- Consumption

tionkg

1368

473160

85110

11* 45

000

6824

151004

3220

6625

298

22945

15116147

257219

3215312771413210614553

22443

43337

463118

1014112282157157

Wt.kg

230

83631160

626

189

32130

3816041973

2500

52174

279

81346289307971

010275

14678655564

126390

238282

1169471

10872

Energykcal

0216

2619110

44406

23020

2711030752

1800

37123

196

582345652257510

7353

1065546394788280

1659588569527952

Proteing

0505111615264269

01059

1060

156541

10510

641275

0719

15512745

42402

87729272

462146

1360571

10471514514

13351174

017241267247712981098929

10962003646

0384

1369139619801606120218381219

continued

Sweet ootatoProduc­

tion Country kg

IndonesiaIranIraqIsraelJapanJordanKampuchea Dm.Korea D.P.R.Korea Rep.KuwaitLaosLebanonMacauMalaysiaMaldivesMongoliaNepalOmanPakistanPhilippinesSaudi ArabiaSingaporeSri LankaSyriaTaiwanThailandTurkeyUAEmiratesVietNamYemen A.R.Yemen Dem.

EUROPEAlbaniaAustriaBelgium-Lux.BulgariaCzechoslovakiaDenmarkFaeroe Is.RnlandFranceGerman D.R.Germany F.R.GreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyLiechtensteinMaltaNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaSpainSweden

14000

1204

2322

0900300000

150090

22700

3200

00000000000000000000004010

ConsumptionWt.Kg

13000504

1870

1900100000

1400600600

23 a00

000000000000000010010

,,o1010

Energy kcal

0000504

1870

1800100000

1300600600

2200

00000000000000001001001010

Protein g

0001

490

3617567

0173

00860002

13530

5800

6300

20500

3000000000004000

1000

1100

140

110

Produc­ tion kg

00r> o0100000000000000000000000000

00000000000000000000000000

YamConsumption

Wt. Energy Protein kg kcal g

0000100000000000000000000000000

00000000000000000000000000

0000100000b00000000000000000000

00000000000000000000000000

0000

1600000000000000400000000000

00000000000000000000005000

TotalProduc- Consumption

tionKg

103368

4748ti

18108330

39451333476833

15

4700

563231

40466

287298

22945

15116147

257219

3215312771413210614553

22443

43337

463118

1014116282158157

Wt.kg

7730

8364016188013184232172445382004

5110214125'0

2452176927

9

81346289307971

010275

14678655564

126390

238382

1169671

10972

Energy Protein kcal g

021

62627111862110

3923162340271503

507

2940180

23371267196

582345652257510

7353

1065546394788290

1d60588570528052

0505111615382271143

1234177

0412548243191746641339

073

421160229327424

0135877292571462146

1363571

10471514514

13351174

017241267 :247712981102930

10962004

6560

3841379139619801625120218491219

continued

TABLE 22 (CONTINUED)Par capita root crop production and quantttias availablt for consumption and to aupply dlttary tnargy and protaln, 1984

CassavaProduc-

Country i: -~

SwitzerlandUnited KingdomYugoslavia

OCEANIAAmerican SamoaAustraliaCook WandsFijiFr.PolynesIaGuamKiribatiNew Caledonia

.'Me* ZealandNiuePacific Is.Papua N.GuineaSamoaSolomon Is.TokelauTongaTuvaluVanuatuWallis Etc.

U.S.S.R.

DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

tionkg

000

1010

,-201128

3100

190

176730240

15300

200

0

38

0

Wt.

000

600

v. 0902400

10000

252400000

0

22

o

ConsumotionEnergy

kcal

0" Vl

00

600 ,..0

912400

10000

252

., 400000 ;,

0

19

0

Proteina

000

44000

628169

00

67000

i176.1/19

310000

0 o0

114

0

Edible aroidsProduc­

tion kg

000

18103

00

3700

4019

0433

053

23081

0276

00

133

0

1

0

Wt.kg

000

10000

2900

389000

4318277

0221

000

0

1

0

ConwmotionEnergy

kcal

000

8000

2300

337000

33142600

190000

0

1

0

Proteing

000

177000

52900

571167

000

76632861381

03308

000

0

18

4

PotatoProduc- Consumotion

tionkg

142130107

550

6602

1900

10910000000000

311

25

186

Wt.kg

5010255

460

580

182100

23560012000010

110

17

75

Energy kcal

357440

330

420

131500

1641

0011000010

78

12

53

Proteing

8481721942

8640

11040

301363

00

3871061

00

17310000

220

1870

295

1244

Sweet potatoProduc-

Country

SwitzerlandUnited KingdomYugoslavia

OCEANIAAmerican SamoaAustraliaCook IslandsFijiFr.PolynesiaGuamKiribatiNew CaledoniaNew ZealandNiuePacific Is.Papua N.GuineaSamoaSolomon Is.TokelauTongaTuvaluVanuatuWallls Etc.

U.S.S.R.

DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

tionkg

000

2300

7312400

242

1002

1360

1880

161000

0

32

2

Wt.kg

000

190009400

12200

1150

1790

65000

0

25

1

ConsumptionEnergy

kcal

000

190000400

12200

1130

1750

64000

0

24

1

Proteing

000

193030

943800

1202200

11530

17880

654000

0

243

12

Produc­tion kg

000

10500

15000

770

670

507

710

32300

42

0

7

0

Wt,kg

000

8000

12000

38000

406

680

243000

0

4

0

YamConsumptionEnergy kcal

000

7000

11000

36000

376

630

219000

0

4

0

Proteing

000

141000

201000

653000

676106

11500

5103000

0

70

0->,

TotalProduc- Consumption

tionkg

142130107

12810966

6041947913

20314993

61789

339260344134914

25219458

311

104

188

Wt.kg

so10255

910

580

15867

0194926100

224214327

0529

0177

0

110

70

76

Energy kcal

357440

830

43G

146590

1748045

0 °0

259171302

0472

0160

0

78

60

55

Proteing

8481721942

14790

11070

1754850

0306313931127

00

298337764350

09065

02825u 0

1870

745

1262

NOTES: Per capita production is derived from FAO, Basic Data Unit, Production Account (unpublished, May 1986 update). Consumption, derived from FAO, Basic Data Unit, Supply and Utilization Account (unpublished, May 1986 update), represents the fresh-weight equivalent of both fresh and processed cassava and potatoes. Includes countries that reported 0.5 kilograms or more total per capita root crop production or consumption in 1984. Consumption estimates include processed products converted to fresh-weight equivalents. Total production and consumption estimates include unspecified roots and tubers. Regional totals include figures for countries not listed, All calculations were done with unrounded numbers.

tft

TABLE 23Proportion of calories provided by root crops in dslly diets, 1984

Country

WORLD

AFRICAAlgeriaAngolaBeninBotswanaBurkina FasoBurundiCamtroonCapt VerdeChadCongoCot* d'lvoireEgyptGabonGambiaGhanaGuineaGuinea-BissauKenyaLesothoLiberiaLibyaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritiusMoroccoMozambiqueNamibiaNigerNigeriaReunionRwandaSaoTomePrn.SenegalSeychellesSierra LeoneSomaliaSouth AfricaSudanSwazilandTanzaniaTogoTunisiaUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabwe

N. & C. AMERICABahamasBarbadosBelizeBermudaCanadaCosta RicaCubaDominica

Total dietary calories

per capita

2682

225926771969217322191924211620892638150425492505326324402217174717281944215123582311361224692448178827402678167818822250203829311919245523422259181720722979173725752335223628362083215421372054

339127123112258425713432280331222629

Proportion (%) of dietary calories from

Cassava

1.4

9.60.0

29.221.30.00.78.56.30.5

10.338.9

7.00.0

23.31.2

26.213.10.04.20.0

19.70.0

14.94.41.60.00.0

40.00.03.3

11.30.78.13.50.20.34.70.90.00.90.0

23.217.00.0

25.854.5

4.41.3

0.10.60.30.00.20.00.31.80.5

Edible aroidi

0.1

0.50.00.00.30.00.02.50.00.00.20.01.40.14.60.07.10.60.00.00.00.70.00.50.00.00.00.00.00.00.01.60.00.60.00.00.00.70.00.00.00.00.00.70.00.00.10.00.0

0.00.00.20.00.00.00.00.58.9

Potato

2.3

0.72.00.40.00.30.00.50.00.90.30.10.21.10.10.00.00.00.02.30.00.01.71.42.00.01.31.30.40.00.00.00.63.60.00.30.80.00.01.40.10.50.60.01.41.00.10.00.2

2.11.81.50.91.43.90.61.30.3

^••aaiat V**W1

potato

1.8

1.10.02.50.90.00.6

12.61.50.61.10.70.10.10.10.00.01.50.01.50.00.80.02.90.01.00.00.00.50.00.50.30.2

17.60.00.10.00.50.10.10.30.72.40.20.0

12.81.20.40.0

0.20.30.50.00.10.00.02.30.9

Yam

0.3

3.30.00.0

12.80.00.50.2

30.70.05.40.7

16.80.08.50.0

10.01.40.00.00.00.90.00.00.00.20.00.00.00.00.0

15.90.00.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.70.00.0

11.10.00.00.80.00.0

0.00.00.90.00.00.00.00.03.5

Unspeci­ fied

0.0

0.20.00.00.00.70.10.05.50.80.01.10.00.00.00.00.00.06.10.00.60.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.1

15.50.00.00.10.09.20.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.10.00.0

0.00.00.01.20.00.00.10.00.0

All root

crops

6.0

15.32.0

32.135.4

1.01.9

24.244.02.8

17.241.525.6

1.436.7

1.343.316.76.18.00.6

22.11.7

19.76.42.61.41.3

41.015.53.8

29.21.6

30.012.80.61.15.91.01.52.01.2

26.329.1

1.439.656.8

4.81.5

2.62.83.52.11.73.91.06.0

14.2

continued

TABLE 23 (CONTINUED)Proportion of calorie* provided by root crop* in daily dieta, 1984

Country

Dominican Rp.El SalvadorGrenadaGuadeloupeHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueNeth.AntillesNicaraguaPanamaSaint LuciaStChris.NevisSt.VincentUnited States

SOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChileColombiaEcuadorFrench GuianaGuyanaParaguayPeruSurinameUruguay

ASIAAfghanistanBangladeshBrunei Darus.ChinaCyprusHong KongIndiaIranIraqIsraelJapanJordanKampuchea Dm.Korea D.P.R.Korea Rep.LaosLebanonMacauMalaysiaMaldivesMongoliaNepalPhilippinesSaudi ArabiaSingaporeSri LankaSyria

Total dietary calories

per capita

246121482362268518552211258528192860242524192460224126853663

2627322121462633260225742054278125022796217126812695

2459222118992811258734602698218931222926306028562947211031512841222829932161268420412807203423413128277123853168

Proportion (%) of dietary calories from

Cassava

1.60.50.20.23.40.20.70.10.00.81.20.70.01.40.0

3.70.23.95.70.03.52.13.70.0

13.61.70.90.0

0.50.00.00.30.20.00.30.80.00.00.00.00.01.70.00.01.70.00.42.00.00.00.04.10.01.33.70.0

Edible arotd

0.40.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.20.30.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.00.00.02.30.00.00.10.00.0

0.10.00.00.00.10.10.00.00.00.00.00.20.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.01.00.00.00.20.00.00.00.0

flfif » trtroraio

0.20.30.31.00.10.20.31.02.10.10.50.31.10.32.9

2.33.74.71.04.05.03.00.60.00.15.40.82.6

1.51.21.00.62.21.70.31.01.90.52.41.81.10.03.80.40.82.10.10.20.02.61.50.00.60.50.21.5

SweetMJ*AAAApotato

0.70.00.20.66.20.01.31.70.00.00.01.00.30.30.1

0.30.70.10.30.10.00.10.00.02.20.60.01.3

3.20.00.90.17.50.00.00.20.00.00.00.50.00.51.50.62.20.00.00.10.00.00.01.60.00.00.70.0

Yam

0.20.00.40.72.00.05.50.90.00.00.52.61.62.10.0

0.10.00.00.10.00.40.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

Unspeci­ fied

0.00.02.30.60.80.11.03.00.20.00.12.93.05.00.0

0.00.00.40.00.00.00.20.01.30.00.40.10.0

0.00.00.00.10.00.00.20.00.00.00.00.10.00.10.00.00.00.01.50.14.40.00.50.00.01.10.00.0

All root

crops

3.10.93.33.3

12.50.58.96.62.30.92.47.86.09.13.0

6.44.69.17.04.19.05.46.61.3

15.98.21.83.9

5.21.21.91.0

10.11.80.92.01.90.52.42.61.12.35.41.14.72.12.02.45.42.62.05.90.62.94.61.5

continued

TABLE 23 (CONTINUED)Proportion of calorits provided by root crops in daily ditts, 1984

Country

ThailandTurkeyU.A. EmiratesVletNamYemen A.R.Yemen Dem.

EUROPEAlbaniaAustriaBelgium-Lux.BulgariaCzechoslovakiaDenmarkFinlandFranceGerman D.R.Germany F.R.GreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyMaltaNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandUnited KingdomYugoslavia

OCEANIAAustraliaFijiFr.PolynesiaKiribatiNew CaledoniaNew ZealandPapua N.GuineaSamoaSolomon Is.TongaVanuatu

U.S.S.R.

DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

Total dietary calories

per capita

246231673625224022502337

340627263514369236633465354730263359379134743721348230973831353825523343323932803161338533583097343231313602

316633892936289926732934338621812433212228792344

3440

2438

3397

ProDortion (%) of dietary calories from

Cassava

1.80.00.05.20.00.0

0.00,00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.60.08.52.30.00.90.03.20.30.50.00.0

0.0

2.1

0.0

Edible arokJ

0.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

1,0.0; o.o

0.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.70.02.10.03.40.70,04.2

16.07.7

18.10.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

Potato

0.03.20.90.42.30.7

4.72.33.54.81.74.54.06.64.37.74.33.43,14.26.32.21.74.94.97.16.04.26.44.62.86.53.1

2.93.41.21.40.01.53.30.10.10.00.00.1

6.2

1.3

4.3

Sweet pciato

0.70.00.02.60.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.10.00.10.00.00.10.00.10.00.00.00.0

1.60.00.90.30.01.10.2

14.20.0

22.76.10.0

0.0

2.7

0.1

Yam

0.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00,00.00.00.00.00.00.00,00.00.00.00.00.0

0.60.01.00.00.03.30.04.60.68.1

20.80.0

0.0

0.5

0.0

Unspeci­ fied

0.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.80.00.01.5

14.50.00.26.32.20.00.0

18.6

0.0

0.0

0.1

All root

crops

2.63.20.98.22.30.7

4.72.33.54.81.74.54.06.64.37.74.33.43.14.26.32.21.75.04.97.16.14.26.54.62.86.53.1

7.23.4

13.75.6

17.97.53.7

32.619.239.045.018.8

6.2

6.7

4.4

NOTES: Per capita production is derived from FAO, Basic Data Unit, Production Account (unpublished, May 1986 update). Includes countries in which the proportion of dietary calories from all root crops is 0.5 percent or greater. Regional totals include figures for countries not listed. All calculations were done with unrounded numbers.

\x

TABLE 24

Cassava balanct shaat, 1984

Utilization (% availability)

Country !(

WORLD

AFRICAAngolaBeninBurkina FaaoBurundiCameroonCap* VerdeCent.Afr.Rep.ChadComorosCongoCoted'h/oireGabonGambiaGhanaGuineaKenyaLiberiaMadagascarMalawiMaliMozambiqueNigerNigeria.ReunionRwandaSao Tome Prn.SenegalSierra LeoneSomaliaSudanTanzaniaTogoUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabwe

N.& C.AMERICABahamasBarbadosCanadaComlnican Rp.Costa RicaCubaDominicaDominican Rp.El SalvadorGuadeloupeGuatemalaHaitiHondurasJamaicaMexicoNicaraguaPanamaSaint LuciaSt.Vmcent

Food

40

5275879537659053908861457095499097

10047489594654075539044

1006090466060519595

509591

070376352

1009040603894758690639528

Feed

17

23000

10035505002500800201

1000

21/ 0-•--'• o

0007100

1904

6700

202000

50070010

160

23

Seed

0

0000000000000000000000000000000000000

00000008000000000000

Processed

36

361400

5500

3700

3740270

47000

2952

520

480

440

23000

4539173700

2100

332063

50000

3443

01540

170

45

Waste

7

109

1358

25107572

10452530

16002

1511153

10120

201091

171255

10540

100

12200

10106

126

101010553

continued

TABLE 24 (CONTINUED)Cassava balance sheet, 1984

Utilization

Country

Trinidad Tob.United States

SOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilColombiaEcuadorFrench GuianaParaguayPeruSurinameVenezuela

ASIABrunei Darus.BurmaChinaHong KongIndiaIndonesia •''JapanKampuchea Dm.Korea Rep.LaosMacauMalaysiaPhilippinesSingaporeSri LankaThailandVietNam

EUROPEBelgium-Lux.Denmark :FranceGermany F.R.IrelandItalyNetherlandsPortugalSwitzerlandUnited Kingdom

OCEANIAFijiFr.PolynesiaNew CaledoniaPapua N.GuineaSolomon Is.Tonga

DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

Food

880

3243743053673521799542

409390453145650

950

6510068888870

585

00000000000

6970705085870

44

0

Feed

3100

2934112718184963100

25

350

191002

10009056000

10

9910010097

1009999

100730

96

12151030

01047

7

97

(% availability)

Seed

00

00000000000

000000000000000000

00000000000

0000000

0

0

Processed

00

28150

312401710

29

5300

33555124900

100170

25680

950

10030110

27100

4

50

10000

42

40

3

Waste

90

117

15125

15159

1055

42

10344905090203

3005

00000000000

14151020153

11

8

0

NOTES: See Table 29.

TABLE 25Edible aroid balance theet, 1984

Utilization <%availabi!itvl

Country

WORLD

AFRICABeninBurundiCent.Afr.Rep.ChadCote d'rvoireEgyptGabonGhanaGuineaLiberiaMadagascarNigeriaRwandaSierra LeoneTogoZaire

N. & C. AMERICABarbadosCubaDominicaDominican Rp.PanamaTrinidad Tob.

SOUTH AMERICAFrench GuianaPeruVenezuela

ASIAChinaCyprusJapanKorea Rep.LebanonMaldivesPhilippines

OCEANIAFijiKiribatiNew CaledoniaPapua N.GuineaSamoaSolomon Is,Tonga

DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

Food

82

7986

1008580708490958090557290908595

81959036818790

85417792

8790588090909780

8380975080949583

82

80

Feed

2

10000000000

3000000

300

21000

34400

55

1250005

3103

30060

12

2

5

Seed

2

25005

20650

100000000

200

11080

90

138

30

1210000

10

00000000

1

10

ProoMMd

0

00000000000000000

0000000

0000

00000000

00000000

0

0

Watt*

13

1890

1515101055

101015281010155

145

1032196

10

315100

55

185

101035

14100

2020055

14

5

NOTES: See Table 29.

TABLE 26Potato balance ahatt, 1984

Utilization (% availability)

Country

WORLD

AFRICAAlgtriaAngolaBotswanaBurundiCameroonCape VerdeChadCongoCota d'rvoireEgyptEthiopiaGabonKenyaLiberiaLibyaMadagascarMalawiMauritaniaMauritiusMoroccoMozambiqueNigeriaReunionRwandaSenegalSeychellesSierra LeoneSomaliaSouth AfricaSudanSwazilandTanzaniaTogoTunisiaUgandaZaireZambiaZimbabwe

N.& C.AMERICABahamasBarbadosBelizeBermudaCanadaCosta RicaCubaDominicaDominican Rp.El SalvadorGuadeloupeGuatemalaHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexico

Food

47

73777795690

9075 .78937878958095836762878571857783758783

1009068816578

1008269708588

778195997763828248789381818388738285

Feed

23

30000

1800000000006400400000000

10000000000

60000

2842

30009000050

Seed

12

1313130

2767

510125

11170

100

12152435

141085

15300099

301207

1120107

70000845

121020

1272

1205

Processed

10

10000000000000000000000200

12009000020000

31700

200000003000090

Waste

8

10101054

185

is102

1155

1055

12101010115

1510101050

105

105

100

10201055

725130

10101011577

1011155

10

continued

TABLE 26 (CONTINUED)Potato balance shatt, 1984

// I.I

Country

Neth.AntillesNicaraguaPanamaSaint LuciaSt.Chris.NevisTrinidad Tob.United States

SOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChiltColombiaEcuadorFranch GuianaParaguayPtruSurinam*UruguayVenezuela

ASIAAfghanistanBangladashBrunei Darus.BurmaChinaCyprusHong KongIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIsraelJapanJordanKorea D.P.R.Korea Rep.KuwaitLaoaLebanonMalaysiaMongoliaNepalPakistanPhilippinesSaudi ArabiaSingaporeSri LankaSyriaThailandTurkeyUAErplratesVietNamYemen A.R.Yemen Dem.

Utilization (% availability)

Food

85837685959579

77915183607472648077956784

6672809683633126719183788557867358

1008076876068808398746278818077859392

Feed

0000003

5050

2685

31000

100

710000

102053

0008610\\5

240000

150000003020000

Seed

05

130007

105

3699690

10130

137

88

10077

290

12576441770

10709

17101200

259990

1043

Processed

5000003

0000000000000

120000

140

1800005

36351009850000

100000

12000

Waste

912115558

84885

12144

10105

109

710104

105

203

173

10803

1010100

1074

11151052

161310101012535

continued

TABLE 26 (CONTINUED)Potato bilanc* slMtt, 19*4

Utilization (% availability)

Country

EUROPEAlbaniaAustriaBelgium-Lux.BulgariaCzechoslovakiaDenmarkFinlandFranceGerman D.R.Germany F.RGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyMaltaNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandUnited KingdomYugoslavia

OCEANIAAustraliaFijiFr.PolynesiaNew CaledoniaNew ZealandPapua N. Guinea

U.S.S.R.

DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

Food

34753667573226546120S36444

10048816117601182247041357150

8388

\\ 875976

j 6577 94

35

69

39

Feed

345

221921267

164

691911250

17404

13543

40125

501422

3214540

32

6

30

Seed

10974

13106

106769

190

117

185

11141578668

21

54279

101

19

9

13

PfOOtSMG

140

2620

135420194

13530747

7816100

160

42151

400

260

160

7

8

11

Waste

" '81097

101970

1008

11100

174

1410

111

13106726

55

104

1055

8

8

8

NOTES: See Table 29.

TABLE 27SwMt potato telanct strati, 1984

Utilization (% availabilitv)

Country

WORLD

AFRICAAngolaBeninBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCape VerdeChadComorosCongoCote d'rVoireEgyptGabonGuineaKenyaLiberiaMadagascarMaliMauritaniaMozambiqueNigerNigeriaReunionRwandaSenegalSierra LeoneSomaliaSouth AfricaSudanSwazilandTanzaniaTogo 'UgandaZaireZambiaZimbabwe

N. & C. AMERICABahamasBarbadosCanadaCubaDominicaDominican Rp.GuadeloupeHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoSaint LuciaSt.VlncentTrinidad Tob.United States

Food

77

839090859088908090908589958586905895909090808090859080889090928080839090

8395909680528825808885909390509087

Feed

13

3000020550000000

300000050000

1000000200

4050

10200

60000000

5004

U Seed Processed

•n>10

>.> 0000000000004000000000000000000

1000

30000800000000009

3

000000000000000000000000000000000000

00000000000000000

Waste

6

13101015101010155

1015115

151010125

1010102015101510202

10108

20205

1010

9554

10201215201215107

100

100

continued

Y

TABLE 27 (CONTINUED)gitwipwMiu Dvwncv «nv*i, ive>*

Utilization (% availability)

Country

SOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChileEcuadorParaguayPeruUruguayVenezuela

ASIABangladeshBurmaChinaHong KongIndiaIndonesiaJapanKampuchea Dm.Korea O.P.R.Korea Rep.LaosMalaysiaPakistanPhilippinesSaudi ArabiaSri LankaThailandVletNam

EUROPEBelgiun-Lux.Germany F.R.GreeceItalyNetherlandsPortugalSpain

OCEANIAAustraliaFijiFr.PolynesiaNew CaledoniaNew ZealandPapua N.GuineaSolomon Is.Tonga

DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

Food

67926250957084807390

779090778495884295773180259590

100719070

5300

9089

1002085

849080855090859541

77

55

Feed

2100

350

206

10100

1400

151102

130

,517 ;1060

I000

10

37100100

500

605

25

105

30500

44

13

13

Seed

00

280000070

}\ 0000000402".._.- ••'•'t '• — "" ^0500000

15

00000000

000000000

0

4

Processed

000000(r o000

4003300

3906

3900000000

5000

100

100

000000000

3

25

Waste

128

10155

1010101010

51010525

1035

10101010550

29105

500510

1010

145

101020

5155

15

6

3

NOTES: See Table 29.

TABLE 28Yam balance sheet, 1984

\

Utilization (% avallabilitvi

Country

WORLD

AFRICABeninBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCent.Afr.Rep.ChadCongoCote d'tvoireEthiopiaGabonGhanaGuineaLiberiaMaliMauritaniaNigeriaRwandaSudanTanzaniaTogoZaire

N. & C. AMERICABarbadosDominicaDominican Rp.GuadeloupeHalt!JamaicaMartiniquePanamaSt.Chrls.NevisSaint LuciaStVincentTrinidad Tob.

SOUTH AMERICABrazilColombiaVenezuela

ASIAJapanPhilippines

EUROPEPortugal

OCEANIAFijiNew CaledoniaPapua N.GuineaSamoaSolomon Is.Tonga

DEVELOPINGNATIONS

Food

62

615578

, 100"^-•' ' 60

758090568095

£909590599090957683

82956290258092258690907390

69519082

808453

9595

79805080909576

62

Feed

1

0000005040000000000002

50

200

6000

60000

150

193600

555

o,,iO/

4.1030

0100

14

1

Seed

15

1635130

201000

2010000000

160009

10

0080000090000

1008

106

37

00

0000000

16

PTOOMMQ

0

0000000000000000a00000

0000000000000

0000

000

00

0000

'•:- -, 000

0

Waste

22

2210100

20151510201055

10105

102510105

155

135

10101520

8155

10101210

11121010

555

55

1710202005

10

22

NOTES: See Table 29.

V

TABLE 29Unspecifiad root* and tubers balance sheet, 1984

\\

Utilization (% availability)

Country

WORLD

AFRICABotswanaBurkina FasoCameroonCape VerdeCongoEthiopiaGuinea-BissauLesothoMauritiusMozambiqueNaTniblaReunionSao Tome Prn.Zaire

N.& C.AMERICABelizeCosta RicaGrenadaGuadeloupeHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoNeth.AntillesPanama ;iSaint LuciaSt.Chrls.NevisSt. VincentUnited States

SOUTH AMERICABoliviaEcuadorGuyanaPeruVenezuela

ASIABangladeshHong KongIndonesiaJapanKampuchea Dm.LebanonMacau '.MalaysiaMaldivesNepalPhilippinesSaudi ArabiaSingaporeSyriaThailandU.A.Ernirates

Food

67

77SB

100569088959090

09580909075

8770

1009060808595609595

100909069

100

7378857770 ,,73 'I

6010083609095

1009713978584

10074

000

Feed

5

600

1500000

10000 t>000

41000

30000

3000000

100

105000

50005000000000

10061

100

Seed P

100000000000000

15

0000000000000000

151200

2016

00000000000

1000000

yocese*

16

000000000000000

00000000000000

120

000100

340

14380000

850010

260

390

d Waste

10

17120

2910125

101005

20101010

9200

101020155

10550

1010100

111010221011

2031550323

15500000

continued

TABLE 29 (CONTINUED)Unspecified roots and tubwi balance th««t, 1984

Utilization (% availability)

Country Food Feed Seed Processed Wastt

EUROPEDenmarkFranceRalyNetherlandsPortugalSpainUnited Kingdom

OCEANIAFr.PolynesiaKiribatiNew ZealandPapua N.GuineaSamoaVanuatu

DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

30

3700000

487095SO449680

67

63

5110063

100803

5544

3105

5002

12

5

22

00000000

0000000

1

0

46000

40974556

391000

4400

17

13

00000000

101000

1108

10

3

Derived from FAO, Basic Data Unit, Supply and Utilization Account (unpublished, May 1966 update). Includes countries with 500 tons or more domestic availability. Small quantities of "other uses* are included under the heading 'processed.* Regional totals include figures for countries not listed. All calculations were done with unrounded numbers.

TABLE 30Root crop trade, 1984 (0001)

CassavaCountry Imp

WORLD 26406AFRICAAlgeriaAngolaBotswanaCap* VtrdaCongoCot* d'lvoir*EgyptEthiopiaGabonLesothoLiberiaLibyaMadagascarMalawiMauritaniaMauritiusMoroccoReunionSenegalSeychellesSierra LeoneSomaliaSouth AfricaSudanTogoTunisiaZimbabweN. & C. AMERICABahamasBarbadosBelizeBermudaCanadaCosta RicaCubaDominicaDominican Rp.El SalvadorGuadeloupeGuatemalaHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexicoNeth.AntillesNicaraguaPanamaSaint LuciaSt.VincentTrinidad Tob.United StatesSOUTH AMERICAArgentinaBrazilColombiaFrench Guiana

0000000000000000000000000000

1380000600010000001000000

130

00000

Exp

31605

210

180000000000210000000000000

4300000

1700

2600000000000000

200

2000

Edible arolds

Imp

14

0000000000000000000000000000

14000000000000000000000

140

00000

Exp

28

0000000000000000000000000000

2100000001

2000000000000000

00000

PotatoImp

7757

418254

23218

40020190032

241

14110821

360

6617721

1630

3000

136

15116

2193110

25349

553501

Exp

7695

200000000

133200000000

530100050041

5190000

228080200

130001000000

266

50010

Sweet potato

Imp

1320000000000000000000000000000

110000

10000000000000000010

00000

Exp

48

6000000600000000000000000000

1100000000

1000001000000100

00000

YamImp

3

0000000000000000000000000000

300000000000000000000030

00000

Exp

17

0000000000000000000000000000

700000000000006000000100

90640

TotalImp

34542

422254

23218

40023190033

241

14110821

360

8598721

1783

3001

136

15116

22103510

43502

563501

Exp

39575

2280

180001

140200002100

530100050041

6180000

2281781

5900

1308010000

100

273

360

2640

continued

TABLE 30 (CONTINUED)Root crop trade, 1984 (0001)

CassavaCountry

PtruSurinam*UruguayVenezuelaASIABangladeshBrunei Darus.ChinaCyprusHong KongIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIsraelJapanJordanKorea Rep.KuwaitLebanonMalaysiaMongoliaPakistanPhilippinesSaudi ArabiaSingaporeSri LankaSyriaThailandTurkeyUAEmiratesViet MamYemen Dem.

EUROPEAlbaniaAustriaBelgium-Lux.BulgariaCzechoslovakiaDenmarkFinlandFranceGerman D.R.Germany F.R.GreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyMaltaNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaSpainSwedenSwitzerland

Imp

0000

12230000

6000000

5480

5480010000

614000000

2504800

303500

180

9710

6587000

68399

013406

001000

85

Exp

0000

2656900

1643010

139500000000

470010

1500

234680000

495000

175000040

420000

100

47070000000

Edible aroids

Imp

0000

00000000000000000000000000000

0000000000000000000000000

Exp

0000

10000000000000000000000000000

0000000000000000000000000

PotatoImp

14

1229

754120

11111

030

700

14838

0308050620

10847

01200

3003

52780

5037065

46414

57835

127931166

98549

6512220

1102074

23138

Exp

0005

60400

132174

195

1210

431600

9000307

220

100

73420

61612

14432

93

30109

7380

632106

190

24331

53066

172

16

1291030

Sweet potato

Imp

0000

40000100000000000000300000000

11600

24000000

340000

420

150000000

Exp

0000

1200

100000001000000000000000000

18006000000900000010000200

YamImp

0000

00000000000000000000000000000

0000000000000000000000000

Exp

0000

00000000000000000000000000000

0000000000000000000000000

TotalImp

14

1229

21461020

11191

030

700

69638

548308153620

113143

46000

8003

304500

503429

654

8214

155235

790032166

166990

613936

220

1112074

231123

Exp

0006

2734300

178617425

51407

10

451600

90165

0317

400

1023468

733420

111352

14613

93

3109

7420

684106200

24342

57777

172

16

1301030

continued

TABLE 30 (CONTINUED)HOOT crop mat), ivo« \guu ij

CassavaCountry

United KingdomYugoslaviaOCEANIAAustraliaRjlFr.PolynesiaNew CaledoniaNew ZealandPapua N.GuineaSamoaTongaU.S.S.R.DEVELOPINGNATIONS

DEVELOPEDNATIONS

Imp

4790

000000000

0

678

25731

Exp

120

200000002

0

26655

4950

Edible ariods

Imp

00000000000

0\\'l4

f/

0

Exp

00

700000

i) o// 6

1

0

28

0

PotatoImp

107429

286

12321300

563

1241

6516

Exp

2081

215000

16000

184

786

6909

Sweet ootato

Imp

000000000000

6

126

Exp

000000000000

29• ;•

19

YamImp

00

• 000000000

0

3

c

Exp

00

000000000

0

17

0

TotalImp

155529

466

1232

19300

563

2118

32424

Exp

2211

305000

16063

184

27683

11892

Derived from FAO, Basic Data Unit, Supply and Utilization Account (unpublished, May 1986 update). Rgures include processed cassava and potatoes converted to fresh-weight equivalent. These data differ from those in the FAO Trade Yearbooks, which include only trade in fresh potatoes. Includes countries with total root crop imports or exports of 500 tons or more. Total imports and exports include unspecified roots and tubers. Regional totals include figures for countries not listed. All calculations were done with unrounded numbers.

TABLE 31Farm-gate root crop prices (at official and black market exchange rates), 1981

Price (USS/ton)

Countries

AFRICAAlgeria

AngolaBeninBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCape VerdeCent.Afr.Rep.ChadComorosCongoCote d'tvolreEgypt

Ethiopia

GabonGambiaGhana

Guinea

Kenya

LesothoLiberiaLibya

MadagascarMalawi

MaliMauritaniaMauritiusMorocco

MozambiqueNigerNigeria

ReunionRwandaSao Tome Prn.SenegalSierra LeoneSomaliaSouth Africa

Sudan

SwazilandTanzania

TogoTunisiaUganda

Local currency

Dinar(bl mkt)

Escudo*FrancFrancFrancFranc

Escudo*FrancFrancFrancFrancFranc

Pound(bl mkt)

Dollar(bl mkt)

FrancDalasi

New Cedi(bl mkt)

Syli(bl mkt)Shilling(bl mkt)

RandDollarDinar

(bl mkt)Franc

Kwacha(bl mkt)Franc*Franc

RupeeDirham(bl mkt)

Escudo*FrancNaira

(bl mkt)FrancFranc

EscudoFrancLeone

ShillingRand

(bl mkt)Pound

(bl mkt)Lilangeni

Shilling(bl mkt)

FrancDinar

Shilling(bl mkt)

Exchange rate

4.3213.9561.26

271.73271.73

90.00271.73

48.54271.73271.73270.20271.73271.73

0.700.842.073.11

271.731.972.75

16.6720.9275.00

9.0510.500.871.000.300.50

271.730.901.82

540.20241.48

9.015.175.45

50.22271.73

0.610.925.40

92.8438.35

271.731.166.300.870.990.541.110.878.28

27.00271.73

0.4950.05

205.00

Potato

3013386in

• ••

176460109221371

IK

46055

125104174116

XI

II*

III

1..Ill

8270

320in

446266272107

53lit

343289379360178

,,,

310207807

98in

297

162143379183334487149

in

192450110

Sweet potato

in

in

311109272

1844074

185220414

357562.1,

in

640• it

<i.

*t*

96274438in

104in

...

228in

...

126213395

*n

*n

93258196131500

52in

14033449120918414670

259402123287

• it

32479

Cassava

...

...39

12911097885055

235175368

44• i*

...

...

i.i

526107

1357224109306657i**

89...

41341696i*.

280• *•

...

9477

2281533637063

148168469

ii.

...

14670in

8526

152.!•

32479

Yam

...

.1.

...

125110111258

1*1

184315

.•*

18444

• i.

.1.

14596

460.11

1483245

5716*ii

...

148in

• i.

41..i

...

126213

...

...

...

...

244164

.,,

99

in

...

• it

in

!••

4321...

453139287

...

• •i

...

Taro

•>*...

129>i.

97• ••

• *•

166225

• ••

i»

31258215

• ii

• •i

802...

14832455716...

...

...

94• ••

...

228• ••

...

ii.

in

280...

• ••

...

228153

77

168

• >•

...

...

...

• ••

152...

...

continued

TABLE 31 (CONTINUED)Farmgate root crop prices, 1981

Price OJSS/ton)

Countries

Zaire

Zambia

Zimbabwe

N.& C.AMERICAAntiguaBahamasBarbadosCanada

Costa RicaCuba

DominicaDominican Rp.

El Salvador

GranadaGuadeloupeGuatemalaHaitiHondurasJamaicaMartiniqueMexico

Neth.AntillesNicaragua

PanamaPuerto RicoSaint LuciaSt.VincentTrinidad Tob.United StatesSOUTH AMERICAArgentina

Bolivia

Brazil

Chile

ColombiaEcuador

Paraguay

PeruSuriname

UruguayVenezuela

Local currency

Zaire(bl mkt)Kwacha(bl mkt)Dollar*

(bl mkt)

DollarDollarDollarDollar

(bl mkt)Colon

Peso(bl mkt)

DollarPeso

(bl mkt)Colon

(blmkt)DollarFranc

QuetzalGourde

LemplraDollarFrancPeso

(bl mkt)Guilder

Cordoba(bl mkt)Balboa

DollarDollarDollarDollarDollar

Pesos(blmkt)

Peso(bl mkt)

Cruzeiro(bl mkt)

Pesos(bl mkt)

PesoSucre

(bl mkt)Guaran!(bl mkt)

SolGuilder(bl mkt)

PesoBolivar

(bl mkt)

Exchange rate

4.3810.000.871.350.691.35

2.701.232.011.171.20

21.760.79

20.002.701.001.342.504.502.705.401.005.002.001.785.40

24.5125.50

1.8010.0525.25

1.001.002.702.702.401.00

4,400.008,500.00

25.0035.0093.00

108.0039.0042.5054.4925.0029.60

126.00142.00422.00

1.792.70

10.824.294.30

Potato

342150588379327168

,,.

»•*

i»

102100282221

923724017917296**«

722245658246617600347333

.*.

256102417

in

itt

n*

in

119

332172190136291251161148177254214270239158

it*

in

285533533

wW90tpotato

35415550632510353

3275590»i

MI

ii*

1265

18513810317296

556722

...134148420804184177

• ••

...

tn

.it

334285133546300

300155147105

9380

16114816014712412711382

549363161391391

Cassava

33814814291

10353

20655

119*••

• *•

21126

51331501128648

55695430

13472

309465138133

...

14357

11531813085

471...

3321721541106253in

*••

1601201011039292

331219

**i

294293

Yam

338148

**i

it*

• ii

...

793i**

90*.t

• i*

• »

*••

.1.

185252188

1*1

• i*

6521356

*•*

200*..

4021893

...

1*1

*••

iti

298548285174981

...

...

...

...6253*i*

...

149• *i

I : ,,,

\i '••//

*.*

*•*

...

...

589588

Tare

338148

• *.

*••

• ••

...

793...

90***

• ••

..*

• *•

...

185...

IK

*.*

>ii

ii.

.*•

i.*

...

...

...

...

.i.

i*.

.•i

i**

...

*•*

»*«

285...

981...

...

...

..»*.*.*.,,,

I**•i*i*.......in...

...*..•I*...

continued

TABLE 31 (CONTINUED)Firmgate root crop prices, 1981

Price (USS/ton)

Countries

ASIAAfghanistan

Bangladesh

BhutanBurma

Cyprus "

Hong Kong

India

Indonesia

Iran

Iraq

Israel

Japan

JordanKorea Rep.

LaosLebanonMalaysiaMaldivesNepal

Pakistan

Philippines

Saudi ArabiaSingaporeSri Lanka

Syria

Thailand

Turkey

VietNam

Yemen A.R.Yemen Dem.

EUROPEAustria

Belgium-Lux.

Bulgaria

Czechoslovakia

Local currency

Afghani(blmkt)

Taka(blmkt)Rupee*

Kyat(ver)(bl mkt)Pound

(bl mkt)Dollar

(bl mkt)Rupee

(blmkt)Rupiah(bl mkt)

Rial(blmkt)Dinar*

(bl mkt)Pound"(bl mkt)

Yen(bl mkt)

DinarWon

(bl mkt)Kip (bl mkt)

PoundRinggitRupeeRupee

(bl mkt)Rupee

(bl mkt)Peso

(bl mkt)Riyal

DollarRupee

(bl mkt)Pound

(bl mkt)Bant

(bl mkt)Lira

(bl mkt)Dong

(bl mkt)Rial

Dinar

Schilling(bl mkt)B.Franc(bl mkt)

Lev*(bl mkt)Koruna(blmkt)

Exchange rate

49.4855.9017.9934.008.627.30

35.000.420.415.625.558.66

10.30631.80669.0078.33

300.000.300.43

10.8712.65

220.54225.00

0.33681.03720.0040.004.312.307.55

12.3413.509.90

13.707.908.353.382.11

19.2521.353.936.11

21.8221.40

111.22115.50

3.9432.004.560.34

15.9316.8537.1340.550.922.315.89

28.65

Potato

1581407439

23416835

20520921722023319636434423160

11578

180155450441364270255249175

«.>...

2382186849

362343624

...

381343355228150153191184

2711334921441

9792

10092

28711417155

Sweet potato

*<•

...

5831.,,

10422

1921951221039287,

...

...

...177152865848

244231187

...

357281

...

...

1631189691...

18511099......

165168

...

...

57671

>*>

...

...

...

...

...

...

,,,

...

Cassava Yam

,,, ,,,

...

... ...

...

... ...

14931... ..

... t.

... ..

».. ..

91778176... ..

... ..

... ..

it* ..

... ..

... ..

17861751

... ...

... HI

... ...

118<>* ...

283... ...

>.. ...

... ...

... ...

...

60 9057 85... ...

1428274... ...

... ...

2121... ...

... ...

39348... ......

166157

... .........

... ...

Taro

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

741756

...

..t

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

10661045

...

331313

...

175t..

281

... '

...

8783...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

ii*

...

continued

\

TABLE 31 (CONTINUED)Farmgate root crop prices, 1981

Countries

Denmark

Finland

France

German D.R.

Germany F.R.

Greece

Hungary

Iceland

Ireland

Italy

Netherlands

Norway

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Spain

SwedenSwitzerland

United Kingdom

Yugoslavia

OCEANIAAustralia

FijiFr.PolynesiaNew CaledoniaNew Zealand

Papua N.GuineaSamoaSolomon Is.TongaU.S.S.R.

Local currency

Krone(bl mkt)Markka(blmkt)

Franc(bl mkt)

Maik(bl mkt)

Mark(bl mkt) *..

Drachma(bl mkt)

Forint(blmkt)

Krona(bl mkt)Pound

(bl mkt)Lira

(bl mkt)Guilder(bl mkt)

Krone(bl mkt)

Zloty(bl mkt)Escudo(bl mkt)

Leu(bl mkt)Peseta

(bl mkt)KronaFranc

(bl mkt)Pound

(bl mkt)Dinar

(bl mkt)

Dollar(bl mkt)

DollarFrancFrancDollar

(bl mkt)KinaTala

DollarPaangaRuble*

(bl mkt)

Exchange rate

7.127.484.324.465.436.302.26

10.10!i 2.26

2.3955.4161.0034.3133.007.227.350.620.65

1,136.801,190.00

2.502.665.746.08

33.60213.0061.5566.2515.0034.5592.3297.705.061.962.700.470.52

34.9738.85

0.871.140.85

98.2498.24

1.151.160.671.040.870.87

0.733.85

Potato

8379

265257

7565

12428

10499

18216513413965964817416518317511711023121814623

1841716528

127120176243176177161238214

226172238509304139138383

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18234

Sweet potato

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10499

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218299

Price (US$/ton)

Cassava Yam Taro

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NOTES: Average farm-gate prices In local currencies (provided by FAO Basic Data Unit) were converted into US dollars using the official exchange rate for December 1981, as reported by International Financial Statistics (March, 1986). An asterisk (*) indicates that, in the absence of information in the IFS, the exchange rate is from the FAO Basic Data Unit (unpublished). Where a second exchange rate is listed, it is the black market rate for June 1981 as reported in Pick's Currency Yearbook (1983). 1981 is the most recent year for which reasonably complete farm-gate prices are available.

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