UNCLASSIFIED

R E P O R T N U M B E R //4a G / r it t

LEGAL NOTICEThis report was prepared as an account of Government sponsored work. Neither the UnitedStates, nor the Commission, nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission:

A. Makes any warranty or representation, expressed or implied, with respect to the accu-racy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained in this report, or that the useof any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report may not infringeprivately owned rights; or

B. Assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from theuse of any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report.

As used in the above, "person acting on behalf of the Commission" includes any em-ployee or contractor of the Commission, or employee of such contractor, to the extent thatsuch employee or contractor of the Commission, or employee of such contractor prepares,disseminates, or provides access to, any information pursuant to his employment or contractwith the Commission, or his employment with such contractor.

TECHNOLOGY DIVISION

JAN 5 1960

SERIAL

UNITED STATES ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSIONTechnical Information Service Extension, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

metadc100549

P3OOr.rftUNCLLA IFIEU

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UNCLASSIFIEDHW-1902 3

ITechnology - Hanford Processes

IA

SCOUTING STUDIES IN A 5.05-INCH

DIAMETER REDOX PULSE COLUMN

by

W. S. Figg and J. G. BradleyChemical Development Section

Separations Technology Division

January 15, 1951

HANFORD WORKSRICHLAND, WASHINGTON

Operated for the Atomic Energy Commissionby the

General Electric Companyunder

Contract # W-31-109-eng-52

LEGAL NOTICE

UNCLASSIFIED000"" 0" 0

" "00" 000" 00 00 "

" 00" 0 000" 0 0 0000 " 0 "00" 0 000 0 "" 00 0

.. 0 000.0000"O"

Photostat Price$S 0

Microfilm Price $ 3 .Ob

Available from theOffice of Technical ServicesDepartment of CommerceWashington 25, D. C.

-

This report was prepared as an account of Government sponsored work. Neither theUnited States, nor the Commission, nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission:

A. Makes any warranty or representation, express or implied, with respect to the ac-curacy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained in this report, or that theuse of any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report may not in-fringe privately owned rights; orB. Assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from theuse of any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report.

As used in the above, "person acting on behalf of the Commission" includes any em-ployee or contractor of the Commission to the extent that such employee or contractorprepares, handles or distributes, or provides access to, any information pursuant to his em-ployment or contract with the Commission.

1-

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CONFIDENTIAL-3- HW-19023

SCOUTING STUDIES IN A 5.05-INCH

DIAMETER REDOX PULSE COLUMN

INTRODUCTION

In September of 1949, development and engineering studies leading to

firm specifications (1) for a series of stainless-steel, Raschig-ring packed,

liquid-liquid contactors for Redox Plant No. 1 were completed and detailed

architectural and equipment design work started by the Kellex Corporation.

Throughout the development program leading to this stage, architectural econ-

omy, among other considerations, had dictated that contactor lengths be held

to a minimum.

Chemical Research Section studies (2), carried out in a 1-inch diameter

glass column, indicated that additional savings in column length might be

realized if pulse columns, originally described by W. J. D. Van Dijk (3), could

be employed as Redox production plant contactors. Although the studies re-

ported by the Chemical Research Section (2) looked promising, no data were

available to demonstrate the performance of plant-size columns.

Since a second Redox Plant was then planned, the Chemical Development

Section carried out a series of pilot-plant scouting studies in a 5-inch diameter

stainless-steel pulse column to obtain preliminary extraction efficiency data

for the IA, IB, and IC contactors. These studies were followed by the TBP

Waste Metal Recovery process studies (4), in which the principles of pulse-

column design and effects of operating variables were investigated more ex-

tensively.

OBJECTIVES

The objectives of these pulse column scouting studies were:

1. To scout the extraction performance of a 5-inch diam Ise

column (approximately full Redox plant lA Column diameter), '+operating as a

IA Simple Extraction Section, a IB Simple Scrub Section, and a IC Column.

2. To make only a very limited number of runs (24) simulating each

column to determine the flooding and extraction performance for comparison

C O N F ID E N T IAL.. . , . .. . . . . . . .,. 00 0 0 ... @0 00 0 *0 0 000 00

HW-19023

with 1-inch pulse column and plant-scale packed column performance.

3. To evaluate performance using only one column geometry arbitrarily

selected on the basis of Chemical Research Section studies.

The scope of the pulse column program, discussed in this report, did not

include development of an adequate pulse generating mechanism, determination

of optimum contactor specifications, complete evaluation of scale-up factors,

and a study of column rangeability with respect to capacity and flowsheet

variables.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

All studies described in this report were carried out in the 5.05-inch

i. d. column (Fig. 5), using unirradiated uranium feeds adjusted to Redox No. 1

Flowsheet (7) conditions with the following modifications: a) no dichromate in

IA feeds; b) no ferrous sulfamate in 1B feeds; c) no nitric acid in 1CX. The

hexone solvent stream (lAX, 1BS, or 1CF) was pulsed at amplitudes in the

column from 0.1 to 0.45 in. (defined in Fig. 4), and frequencies from 50 to 200

cycles/min. The plate cartridge design chosen on the basis of Chemical Re-

search Section studies (2) was:

Effective "packed height" 4.72 ft.

Number of plates 28

Spacing of plates (face to face) 2 in.

Plate hole diam. 0.04 in.

Plate thickness 0.025 in.

Perforated area 22 %

Complete data for these runs are summarized in Tables I, II, and III

and are plotted in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4. Operation of the column as a 1A

Simple Extraction Section, lB Simple Scrub Section, and 1C Column led to the

following new information:

1. H. T. U. values (for uranium transfer) obtained in these studies were

1/3 to 1/2 of corresponding values obtained in packed columns, with flooding

capacities similar to those obtained with 1/2-in. Raschig rings and less than

7------

( C C l C l ( ( C l ( (. ( l f 6

\" ("" I l"" ( ( ," t" 1 1 l"" to

HW-19023

predicted capacities are as follows:

IA 100 cycles/min.1B 125 cycles/min.

1C 100 cycles/rein.

At these conditions, phase emulsification becomes severe. This has been

observed in 3-in. i. d. glass pulse column TBP studies (4).

4. An approximate scale-up factor of 50 per cent increase in H. T. U. was

observed for a diameter increase from 1 inch to 5 inches for both the IA and the1C Column.

5. Increased throughput might be attained by the use of other plate cartridge

geometries and pulsing conditions as indicated by TBP Waste Metal Recovery

studies (4), but it is not believed that the H. T. U. values can be significantly

reduced.

DISCUSSION

Staff: The experimental studies were carried out by the Scale-Up Operations

Group of the Chemical Development Section under the direction of A. R. Maguire

and G. C. Oberg with J. C. Cobb, E. R. Irish, G. F. Jacky, G. E. Johnston,

G. R. Kiel, R. B. Lemon, E. F. Riggs, W. J. Smith, Jr., and N. G. Whitten-

brock assisting. Planning and data correlation were conducted by the Chemical

Engineering Group. Chemical and process assistance was rendered by the Pro-

cess Chemistry Group while assistance in solution of design and instrumentation

problems was given by the Equipment Development Group.

Equipment and Operating Procedure : The Scale-Up solvent extraction equip-

ment located in the 321 Building was employed for all studies described herein.

The 5.05-in. i. d. stainless-steel column was the result of alteration of an exist-

ing Scale-Up packed column, and the pulse generating mechanism was obtained by

alteration of an existing Demonstration Unit bellows-type pump and drive. The

important details of the column and plate cartridge construction are given in

Fig. 5, and a description of the pulse generating mechanism is given in Table I.

Standard Worthington centrifugal pumps and flow controllers were found adequate

for controlling the streams and no difficulty was encountered with the flow-con-

:a.:.. . .. "7. " : :..:'.

-s-

:. : :' : : :.: . . :. :' :. :' :.* .. .* . .. : : .. . *:: . . .:.'

HW-19023

trol equipment. The pulse applied to the bottom organic feed was transmitted

to the aqueous effluent stream and resulted in minor oscillation of both organic

feed and aqueous effluent recorder-controller instruments.

At high pulse frequencies it was evident that the full, planned amplitude

was not delivered to the column (See Fig. 4, lA Flooding, Run No. 5"-32b-U).

The factors causing lowered pulse amplitude were: 1) failure of the check

valve in the organic feed line to seat properly due to inertia of the moving

valve parts,, and 2) failure of the bellows to follow the cam on the intake half

of the pulse cycle. The organic feed was pumped from the Scale-Up column

enclosure, through approximately 75 ft. of 1-1/2-in. i. p. s. pipe, in which was .

located an orifice-type flow meter and Hammel-Dahl flow control valve, then

through a check valve into a 1-1/2-in. i. p. s. by 3-ft. long manifold. From the

manifold the feed was supplied to the column through an additional 12-1/2 ft. of

1-1/2-in. i. p. s. piped terminating in a 3-hole distributor. Side arms of 1-in.

i. p. s. pipe were connected into the manifold and into each bellows. Compression

and expansion of the bellows supplied a pulse to the feed stream. With no resis-

tance to backward flow given by the flow-control valve and pump pressure only

14 per cent of the pulse would be absorbed in the 75-ft. long feed line from the

pump to the bellows while under operating conditions (resistance of Hammel-Dahl

valve and pump pressure) this effect is negligible and essentially the entire pulse

displacement is applied to the column even with no check valve operating.

The force required to compress a bellows was supplied through a push-

rod located over a cam-actuated lever arm. The force for bellows return

(intake half of the bellows cycle) was supplied by a spring pressing downward

against a collar near the lower end of the bellows push-rod. The maximum

pressure on the pulsing bellows occurs at the beginning of each intake, and

compression stroke and this pressure is proportional to the square of the frequency

(5). It is likely that insufficient force was available to give immediate bellows

expansion at high frequencies and that therefore, the bellows did not faithfully

follow the cam, with resulting reduction of pulse displacement. No measure-

ments were made of the expansion force available but observation of the opera-

ting bellows at frequencies greater than 150 cycles/min. indicated that full expan-

sion was not reached between the compression halves of the cycles. More recent

* 0~ 0~@ * 00 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ 0~OOO* 0 0 ~ 0 0 0 000 0~~ 0~000 0 0 ~ 0 0~~ 0~ 00000 000 0~ 0 000 00 ~00 000 0 00.~ 000 0~ 00 ~ 0000.

-7-

HW-19023

TBP Studies (4) were carried out using a single or twin piston mechanically

linked to the drive cam and no similar failure to obtain full pulse amplitude

was observed.

Operating Experience: Total project experience with packed solvent

extraction columns as contactors for Redox, "25", and other processes is

approximately 12, 000 hrs. The pulse studies reported here summarize approxi-

mately 260 hrs. of operation. Although satisfactory Redox plant pulse column

specifications could probably have been developed from these studies it is felt

that more data are required to provide a firm design basis.

Calculation of Data: The methods used for calculation of H. E. T. S. and

H. T. U. values are explained and illustrated in Redox Technical Data Studies

10, 11, and 14 (HW-12371, HW-12968, and HW-13908). The equilibrium data

used were reported in HW-14984, HW-1235Q, HW-15209, and 1C data to be re-

ported in HW-187.73. H. T. U. calculations were based on concentration driving

forces in the phase from which the uranium transferred (6). Steady operating

portions of the runs (designated H. E. T. S. portion) were evaluated for the de-

termination of H. E. T. S. and H. T. U. values.

Comparison of Pulse and Packed Column Runs: Plotted H. T. U. vs.

volume velocity curves are generally convex downward for either packed or

pulsed 1A, 1B, and 1C Column operation. These curves exhibit a rapid in-

crease in I. T. U. at very low flow rates or at high flow rates as flooding is

approached, and show an intermediate (plateau) region in which the H. T. U. is

low and varies little with changes in flow rate. For ready comparison of pulse

column and packed column operation a short summary table (based on Tables

I, II, and III and Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 of this document and on Figs. 2, 3, and

4 of HW-15663) follows:

000 000 0"" 000 0 0 0 00" @0300"0S "*0@ "C"0"0 "00 00000000@OOS0000" 0 0 00" 0" 0 000 000 00" " " 0 "0 000 "0 "000 "@0 00000"" 000" 00" 0 " 000" 00"" 00

HW-19023

PULSE COLUMN STUDIES

Pulse ConditionsFreq.

Cycles /Min.

50

125

100

50

Ga. /(hr. )(Sq. Ft. ),Sum of Both Phases.

Flooding

1500

3800

2000

1400

Rangefor H. T.U.

300-1300

400-3000

500-1600

500-1300

PACKED COLUMN STUDIES (c)Runs inl/z2-in. byl/2-in.R/R

Gal. .(Hr(q. t.),Sum of Both PhasesRange

for H. T. U.

500-1100

400-2000

400-1200

Flooding

1700

2700

1800

Runs in 1-in. by 1-inI Gal./(Hr. )(q. Ft. )I Sum of Both Phases

H. T. U.Ft. (a)

1.6

1.8

2.5

Range for(H. T. U. )

1200-250C

800-2600

500-2500

Flooding

3700

4100

3000

Notes to Table:

(a) "Overall water-film" basis for IA and 1B runs,and "overall organic-film" basis for 1C runs.Maximum values for listed conditions.

(b) Pulse movement in the column, inches.

(c) Packed length, feet:

1/2-in. by 1/2-in.Raschig rings

1-in. by 1-in. Raschigrings

1A 1B 1C

20 19 20

20 19 20

32(b" " " "" " " "" " " " " " " " "r" " " " " " " """ "" C " " C """ C " C C C " C" C

CC " CC "C" " C" " CC" "C" " C"C"C

TypeRun

lB

'C

iC

H.T.U.Ft. (a)

0.6

0.5

0.8

0.7

Ampl.In. (b)

0.45

0.45

0.45

0.40

TypeRun

lA

lB

IC

H. T.U.Ft. (a)

1.6

1.6

2.0

-T

-

-9-

HW-19023

Comparison of these Redox pulse column operations with packed column

operations under similar flowsheet conditions are applicable only to the pulse

column as defined by Fig. 5 and at the pulse conditions (amplitude and frequency)

listed. A more comprehensive study of pulse column variables such as that

reported in HW-19170(4) would permit a more complete comparison of the pulse

column with the packed column as a Redox contactor. Within the limits as de-

fined for the pulse column in the above table some comparisons with packed

column operation may be made as follows:

The LA Column:

Flooding capacity (at 0.45-in, amplitude and 50 cycles/min.) in the pulse

column and in 1/2-in. by 1/2-in. Raschig rings is approximately the same while

the use of 1-in, by 1-in. Raschig rings permits approximate doubling of the

packed column maximum capacity.

The 0. 6-ft. H. T. U. ("overall water-film" basis) in the pulse column,

(at pulse conditions listed and within the operating range indicated) is approxi-

mately 40% of the 1. 6-ft. H. T. U. obtained in either 1/2-in. by 1/2-in. or 1-in.

by 1-in. Raschig rings within the respective listed operating ranges.

The useful operating range (plateau) for the pulse column extends from

20 to 90 per cent of the total flooding capacity, while in the packed column this

range is from 35 to 65 per cent of the total flooding capacity. The tabulated

flooding capacity of the pulse column may be increased from 1500 to more than

2500 gal. /(hr.)(sq. ft.), sum of both phases, by varying the pulse frequency

from 50 to 100 cycles per minute at 0.45-in, amplitude- thus extending the use-

ful pulse column operating range. (Fig. 4, LA Column). It may therefore be

possible to select pulse conditions which will give the best H. T. U. at a given

throughput in the pulse column while in the packed column only one operating

range is available and that range is predetermined by the size and type of

packing and by the flowsheet.

The 1B Column:

Each listed total flooding capacity for the 1B Column is for a 1B Simple

Scrub Section with no ferrous sulfamate present in the IBFX. Packed column

. . . . .0.: * . 0.00 .. e.. :...: .... 0 0. 0 ... 0. @00 000 .0.... 0 0 000 . . 00. 00. 00... .0 .0 .00 0 . 000 00 .

00 :.. 0 000 000 00 00 . :: .0. .00.

HW-19023

studies in 1/2-in, by 1/2-in. Raschig rings gave a 25 per cent lower capacity

(2000 gal. /(hr.)(sq. ft.), sum of both phases) with ferrous sulfamate present

and the total flooding capacity of the lB pulse column might be lowered by a

similar amount if ferrous ulfamate were employed in 1BFX. The data (tabu-

lated above) indicate that the maximum total flooding capacity of 3800 gal. /(hr.)(sq. ft.), in the pulsed lB Simple Scrub Section at 0.45-inch pulse ampli-

tude (Fig. 4, 1B Column) is nearly as great as for 1-in, by 1-in. Raschig rings

(4100 gal. /(hr.)(sq. ft.)) and greater than for 1/2-in. by 1/2-in. Raschig

rings (2700 gal. /(hr.)(sq. ft.) ).

The 0. 5-ft. uranium H. T. U. (overall water-film basis) in the pulse column

at the pulse conditions listed and within the operating range indicated is approxi-

mately constant (Fig. 2) at less than 35 per cent of the 1. 6-ft. and 1. 8-ft. H. T. U.

obtained in 1/2-in, by 1/2-in., and in 1-in. by 1-in. Raschig rings respectively.

The useful operating range (plateau) for the pulse column included from

10 to at least 80 per cent of flooding while in the packed column the useful

operating range (plateau) is limited to 20 to 70 per cent of flooding.

The lC Column:

The maximum total flooding capacity of the lC pulse column is 2000 gal. /(hr.)(sq. ft.), sum of both phases, for 0.45-in, amplitude at 100 cycles per

minute (Fig. 4, iC Column). This value is approximately the same as the capa-

city of 1/2-in, by 1/2-in. Raschig rings (1800 gal. /(hr. )(sq. ft.) ) and about

2/3 of the capacity of 1-in, by 1-in Raschig rings (3000 gal. /(hr.)(sq. ft.) ).

A uranium H. T. U. of 0. 8 ft. or less ("overall-organic-film" basis) may

be obtained in the 1C pulse column operating at 0.4 to 0.45-in, amplitude and

50 to 100 cycles per minute frequency in the range of 500 to 1600 gal. /(hr.)(sq. ft.), sum of both phases, and this value may be compared with the 2.0-ft.

H. T. U. obtained in 1/2-in. by 1/2-in. Raschig rings over the narrower range

of 400 to 1200 gal. /(hr.)(sq. ft.). The operating range of the packed column

may be extended to 2500 gal. /(hr. )(sq. ft.) by the use of 1-in, by 1-in. Raschig

rings but the H. T. U. is increased to 2. 5 ft.

The useful operating range (plateau) for the 1C pulse column is from 25 to

30( 'M

:' . .. :" .. :.. . .." . . . .:- ::.:. :' : : :.: . . : :*.:. :* : ::

-11-

.0 .. . .: ... " .. :0:t : :.. :

HW-19023

80 per cent of the maximum flooding capacity (at 0.45-in, pulse amplitude). In

1-inch by 1-inch Raschig rings a similar plateau is found at 20 to 85 per cent of

flooding while in 1/2-inch by 1/2-inch rings the plateau is defined by narrower

limits to within 20 to 65 per cent of flooding.

Future Work: The most attractive feature of the pulse column is the

shorter length (compared with a packed column) needed to perform a given ex-

traction operation. The TBP Waste Metal Recovery pulse columns (4) are de-

signedto take advantage of the short pulse column length and thus to fit within

space provided by present 221 Bldg. cells.

Pulse columns should be considered as contactors in any future solvent

extraction process where column length is important because of architectural

cost consideration or the requirement for a large number of transfer units in a

single column must be met.

A major disadvantage of the pulse column is that the pulse generating

mechanismmay be subject to mechanical failure with resulting shutdown and

loss of production. The expected shutdown frequency may be somewhat greater

by the pulse generator failure rate for a pulse-column plant than for a packed-

column plant having the same number of columns, but subject to less maintenance

than a plant employing mixer-settler units.

In all solvent extraction process development work an economic evalua-

tion should be prepared to include both initial plant and equipment cost, and

operating costs for pulse and packed columns. It is possible that an advantageous

combination of pulsed and packed columns may be employed in the same cascade

battery or in the same plant where the less complex packed columns are em-

ployed wherever feasible and pulse columns are employed where large numbers

of transfer units are required.

REFERENCES:

1. HW-15663, Redox Plant Solvent Extraction Columns by G. Sege.,

J. G. Bradley, and F. W. Woodfield. July 6, 1950.

2. HW-14728, The Design and Operation of the Pulse Column by

:'." " :"" .. " ." : " : " :*.:* : * :' : : :.: . . :0:0 * : 00"0"0" 000" @00" 0 00 00" 00"0"0" 0 0 0"" 0" 0 000 000 00

:.0 00 0. :.."00 00 . 00 000..:.

-12-

HW-19023

W. A. Burns, C. Groot, and C. M. Slansky. October 12, 1949.

3. U. S. Patent 2, 011,186, August 13, 1935.

4. HW-19170, TBP Plant Pulse-Columns (Estimated publication date

January, 1951).

5. Design Considerations for a Pulse Column System by V. R. Cooper,

and C. Groot to R. B. Richards. March 9, 1950.

6. Colburn, Ind. Eng. Chem. 33, 459-67 (1941).

7. HW-13320 Redox Production Plant Chemical Flowsheet by R. B. Richards,

May 10, 1949.

WSF/JGB:dk

000 0" "0 0~0 " "000" "0" "00 0 ". " 0 0 00 0 "0 00 ~0

W. S. Fig

J. G. Bra ey

-13-

Fig. 2- EFFECT OF VOLUME VELOCITY ON H.E.T.S. AND H.T.U. IN A 5.05-IN.

REDOX SIMPLE IB PULSE COLUMN SCRUB SECTION

3.0 " --

2.8

2.6

2.4

2.2

~77I717t

Runs5"-17a-BU

through5"-21-BU

t.) I

2.0

1 . -- -- - -- -t8 -0-a

HliE T Si 18 t

4

1.2

1.0

0.8

o. - -- _ ____ _ -- _ __ _ _ _- -- ---- - - - -__ ________,_-

0.2o.4~ - -- -

o- 20 400 600 800 1000 200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400

tII

-I

I

I

I~~~~.

Plate Cartridge

- i 4.72 ft.

0.04 In.ca. 3000 per

22 %280.025 in.2.0 in.

plate

lBS - ISPPulse Generator

4000

Volume Velocity Gal. /(HrX(Sq. Ft.) Surm of Both PhasesI I

T&. LCHEMICAL DEVELOPMENT SECTIONHANFORD WORKS

FIG. 2

1.D.

Runs Plotted WereMade at Frequencyof 125 Cyc./ Min.and Amplitude of0.42 In.

Total Flooding Capacityas Determined in Run

5"-7d-BU3800 200 Gal./(Hr.)(Sq. FFrequency 122 Cyc./ Mn.Amplitude 0.45 In.,

..

U-

LiJ

6 0.5 1.0 [5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5Short Tons of U per Day in a 5.05-In. I.D. Column

3600 3.900

.1

.. v.

Effective Length

Plate Hole Size

Number of Holes

Free Area

Number of Plates

Thickness of PlatesSpacing of Plates

i8FX

SCHEMATICSIMPLE

REDOX 18PULSE COLUMN

1

Bu

S " Interftace

A_

L I I I I

Fig. 3 -EFFECT OF VOLUME VELOCITY ON H.E.T.S. AND H.T.U. IN A 5,05- IN. I.D.

REDOX iC PULSE COLUMN

.V

.:

7&cQj I

I1.

:1

Runs -- - -

5"- 64- CUthrough

5"-72f- CU

1 __________________________________________ 4. -

esO 72bQ

72a69

-20

as Determined in Run5"-66- CU,

1425 25 Gal./(Hr.)(Sq.Ft.)Frequency 50 Cycles Min.Amplitude' 0.40 In.

7nej -

660 -I

:1

* ....

-

1.0 1

1.0 ____t.f* - 00 Cyc. /Mn nmoQ (Note ) a"0.45 In.

0.8 Cr- -

ZeL Q6 7 Q-.

44 1-AIIL

f.50 Cyc./Mn.ano .40 In.

+ r 1 a I

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Volume Velocity:

o.5o 1.00Tons of

1600 1800

I..

Total F IGOuing Vpuiyas Determined in Run

5"-72b- CU2000 200 Gal./(Hr.)(Sq.Ft.)Frequency' 100 Cycles/Min.Amplitude' 0.45 In.

/ t "

" . .

. j III .

. r e .

.'

. .

. .

. .

.. .

.

}

{ 1_ ___ __ _ __ _ _

-. _l

2000 200 2400

Gal./ (Hr)(Sq Ft.)

1.25

U

Sum o

Notes.(a) 5"-69- CU, f "50 Cyc./Min., a= 0.22 1n.(b) 5"-72a-CU, fa 75 Cyc. /MIn., a- 0.22 In.(c) 5"-72c--CU, f-125 Cyc. / MIn., a - 0.45 in. ___

2600 2800 3000 3200

f Both Phases...

I.D.

Plate Cartridge

Effective LengthPlate Hole Size

Number of HolesFreeAre

Num er o PlatesThic ness of PlatesSpacing of Plates

lCx

4.Plft.

ca. 09per Plate

280.02 in.

2.0 in.

ICW

SCHEMATICREDOX IC .- -Interface

PULSE COLUMN

IOF ICU

Pulse Generator

3400 3800 3800 4000

3.00

Short Column

1.0 i.. 5.05per Da in a 5.05-in.

CHEMICAL DEVELOPMENT SECTIONHANFORD WORKS

2.2

"2.0

IIe

1.8

. 1.6

a. 1.4

C/.

UJ

0.4

V. E

0

L_

0.0

H.t. ..

Points

H.T.U. :

PDints

,t,... ... ...

FIG. 3

- '

I t - . -

4 -}.-

-. .; 4

.. .

.. ..

i . . , .

, . . . .

. .

. . .

.. _ ....

e -1 ---- _--_-.-._-_---.a

----

0% es I.

.

f } .

. i . j .

t_ {

.

. .

. . .

.. .

. l .

..

. ~

t 4

w w w w w

r. . ww ... . ww "w ww .w w. .w w .www wwwA ww.

. . .

r or i irnwrer

"-.

; . . . . .

,._ .

. ......

.... _.

t . } i

I..I! .

t

.

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+ .. _ .

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___L

2.7 5 3.25A_0.75Short Column

PAGE 1 4

Fig. I EFFECT OF VOLUME VELOCITY ON H.E.T.S. AND H.T.U. IN _A 5.05- IN. I.D.

REDOX SIMPLE IA PULSE COLUMN

2.0

i.s - Runs5-24-Utrough

5"-33-U Total Flooding Capacity

6 3-asIntermined In Run5--24--

1500 go./ (hr)(q.ft.)Frequency S1 cyc.,/min.

1.4 Amplitude 0.40 in.

1.0-

H.E.T.S.Notes

32b0 32f (b) 5'-32a-U f-125 Cyc. Min., a-0.45 In.. T

(c)5-32b--U-f-200-Cyc.-Min., 0.45-In

26 NoteNote 2500Note Ht 32a

0.4

0.2 - _Curves Placed to Represent Operation at Amplitude 7

Approx 0.4 in. and Frequency Approx. 52 cyc./min.

0.-0*200 400 800 800 1000

Volume Velocity1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2600 3000

Gal. (Hr.)(Sq. Ft.) , Sum of Both Phases-1-------- I

Plate Cartridge Data

Effective Length 4.72 ft.Plat Hole Size0 in.Number of Holes ca. 0o er plateFree Area 0Number of Plo esThickness of ates 0. 25 in.Spacing of Plates 2.0 in.

IA FS

IAU

Schematic i ASimple Column -Interface

l A X IA W

Pulse Generator

2.75 3.00 3.25

CHEMICAL DEVELOPMENT SECTION

HANFORD WORKS

3C$

HW-1902

FIG. I

0

V!

-

l

0

0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50Short Tons of U per Day in a 5.05-In. ID. Column

- I hi i M IMil i M Illillloli In i i i II I I I I I i I I i M i IMI II I I El I . P- 11

I

{

I

7

I

1

i

I

r

i

l

i

OF PULSE FREQUENCY ON TOTAL FLOODING CAPACITY

OF 5.05- IN. L.D. REDOX SIMPLE IA EXTRACTION, SIMPLE lB SCRUB,

AND IC

IA COLUMN

_j_

- - - -- -- 2 Fooding Curve

------------------- - - N ~.1 N'

Operable ZoneU n d e r C u r v e I'_-_

_ _ _

.oi

/--

20 40 60 80 00 120 140Frequency: Cycles per Min.

te a}.

,t!,0-L

0

0

E

L

0

4,160 !80 200

Note a See text, Section I,"Equipment and Operating Procedure"

IC COLUMN2500- -

2000 - -O? -j b- -

1500

0 20 40 60 s0

Frequency- Cycles100 1

per Min.

Definitions

IB COLUMN (b)4000

3500

3000

2500 [--

2000- -

1500

1000

500

0

------ ------

- --------- - 777 - 1 :

140 1600 20 40 60 80 100 120Frequency; Cycles per Min.

Note b= No ferrous sulfamate present in these runs.

Amplitude " Inches of Vertical Displacement Given an Interface in theColumn When the Pulse Generator Bellows Move fromMinimum to Maximum Compression

Pulsed Volume Velocity = Gal. per Sq. Ft. CyclesCycle Hr.

= 74.8(lnches Amp. in a Column) (Frequency, Cyc. per Min.)

Amplitude Approx. 0.45 in. for All Points Plotted

For This Amplitude Pulsed Volume Velocity = 33.7( Frequency, Cycles/Min.)Plate Cartridge Data

Effective LengthNumber of PlatesSpacing of PlatesThickness of PlatesPlate Hole SizeNumber of HolesFree Area

4.72 Ft.282.0 in.

0.025 In.0.04 in.

ca. 3000 per Plate22 %

CHEMICAL DEVELOPMENT SECTION

HANFORD WORKS

PULSE COLUMNS

3000

2500

2000

500

> 1000

E50005

0c

K ---------

,r

Fig. 4-

0

- a0

0

2:2

t yy4 T w.

F----'

- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - --

EFFECT

__ -

------ ---------------------

I

I

20 140Ow

I,

PAUL I U

Figure 5

5.05-In. ID. Steinmess Steel Pulse Cosmn with 9.62-In. ID. Top Sec 'onas Used in Runs 5"-24-U thrc;gn 5"- 33-U, 5"- 7- BU thro 5"-2 HSU

and 5"-64-CU thrcugn 72- C

4 Holes a c ty spaced fin.a

Sieve Plate0.025-in. Thick Stainless Steel , c;prox.3000 Holes, 0.04 in. Diarter, Tr cr uierSpacing, approx. 0.088 -in. on a Side

Organic Effluent Line -

Bull's Eye

Sight Glosses

S relics equciy spaced 2 in .Do

in jnxjDirtnSuppoet

Lugs. Weded and drilled...., *

Sieve Pjk e SupportFlange a'd Lugs ^5- in. thic S'n ess. S-ee'Lugs faced flush w 'h flange after wsei n;

A Alrterfaoe Control Diplegs

Aqueous Feed Line

~ (Th n Sit R edef-or ? Sta ess

/ Steel aea

Gage Ga s F ranges7 s

>.- Dip ! bes : enm gs20-in oart, Lower DipTube 4-in. below AqueousFeed r sr i u r

2o

Aqueous Feed DistributorS Discharges 7-in. above

-. Top Plate4

- ------ 5in. 1PS Schedule 40 S.S. Pipe.28 Sieve Plates supported byfour J- in. Dio. S'cness SteelRods. Pc ues se;c4'ed by2- in. long Spccers of ' PSStainless Steel'Pipe.

s,

O

K1 ) II-in. IPS Coupling

I- ita jn:iPS Bushing -y n PS PIpe

Organic Distributor

l- in. IPS PlugThree - in IPS Ells spaced L _SteveP_'_support120*opart and opening upwardin a 31 in Dia. circle. Attached *-- Organic Pnose Distributorby welded nipples to mid-point Openings re 14.4-in.of I- in.PS coupling.below Bottom Plate.

Bull's Eye Sight GlassDrain

- Aqueous effluent Line, i - in. 'PS

1"6---12 ft. of l-- PS PipeOrganic Feed Line, I- in. IPS to Pulse Gnrtor.

Chemical Development SecticnHanford Works

FI- I. 5FIG. 5

Sector -A

9 B

Aqueous Distributor

Section B- B

}Ii

1 i

.

-- '

.. s3,?. L

T a ILJ aJj

IA 5;i 3ri -il

?rIct-al

Y--te.

3.65 '.25 3.35 136 :.22 3.2Slo t s. 2

, 6 6.25 ,.7 9.96 3.-

3.73 6.36 3.52 I..2.2 :.32

3.31 5.33 :.55 3.55 2.3. 3.32

, C - d .. 3J

3... 7.' . 7 2292.3.2) .

3.61 7.73 3.36 1.3.91 3.23 3.37

^1< 6" -. 1. .1 60.2 . 31

. 3 4 : - _..... 3_

:

. . . I'i M -I CS%- 7o:'u. e 7 . e4A.' so

3 u

3530 2 53

;a321

92"

223' jc

2.26

26 C 2

3.3.5

---3..18

3.63

^.69

3.037

3.336'3. J3

:..53

r I

3. 7

3.70

3.3.71 1

.14

2..3

4.2

37

3.755

:.37

51

51

.

52

52

52

52

52

32

.25

232

~.A.

-.. - ...-.-

.. 1

.. 2522 22

3.33 22

3.45 22

22

.. 5 22

... 5 22

Ya .

' :5.r

9-^.37--

.6

7 'r..3

1

6 9-- ---

5

6

3 2

2 -

1C-3.3.-33

1.2-33.

3.3-3C

- V

.e

C.

22 a .v, ;3at., 3.2-.t~ t--:ass steel, . :es, .. .-...

daame:-r, ticiraa:ra :.336-to. ot a3:e. ..see : -5- >-

a. re o a 3 3. '2- ; S 'e : irc a?lat. separatd :I 2-i . l: -spa:ers

of 1/4.-to. L?3 atato2.es steel ; >.?re arse of t ;a :es was ta. 24S.

73-:az.. s: ~ fa:s:a: o :: pe.

5.re .-..I. .. ?S *'...s :n ;r i-ia .3.y 3 1. 2-to. 5dietor circ3.

:;2- . sar sss . -. 3.-s a.:z:a .s fee . ;-e -:re -:; r . 3.a-e.r xima -in.arv79

s :gyp late,

Below -'ise1ga;Lg.-- - ,-.. '

5.35 9.62 :=-3'32 3sRW-.)

- -

PAGE 2 rr

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303

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- .. 000.033000 ** S 5.-0. 0. 0. .0. 0 0..0

a:.s:-.s :rsq 50

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00 y 'Te ' . - -. ! - . e 0.0.-0. -- 5 -. -* - 3 . 0- - 0. + 0...000...000 s' 0 . -- ,- -. 5 -- - --. 0 .0 '- '-

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-- a " - a..

r "a -r 5 was f -it '..l V ue in e e e :a c "., 9 -n n e* Mo e -- IA . a - I W? ares . l s h~

. 0- 0. . . .. . .0..-0..'e=. 0..L: ....... _

" "00 "00"0""000000"00"O"g" 0" 00 " " 00

00 0 0 00- "0 00 00 * @0 0 00000 0 0o0000 000 0 0,00

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0 0 0 0 0 00 0 00 0 00 *. 0 0 * 000 0 00 0 00 0000 00.00000.0000

0 0 0

- -:--::-:- ":;" : :CONFID ENTIAL

(9-1)

-f 0. -r 0.

-.

A

r . G L

?:~i-~~-7 ~ ft ftft :--c::s

ffffcdf~6

Sat t o --e .eta;-~:,.

ft ft-.. t-t :.48 3.:3 x ' 13).E x.1.1 0.31

Aft .:.Sft 1. 3 .1 2.51 ?.34 0.13 0.23

f.. t.. 1.50 :.2:.3V C.1_. 30._3ftft -t- ft7 Z 7 13 3ftfftt 40 t.1tftt

Efte ~

2a sieve ;:.tt'es, 51.tiksa:.~

3 1/2-in. dimeercirce. :?a>tes se:.a-rated by ,2-in. _:' rtsg ers of _sA*.in2.ess steel pipe. Free area of t: eplates was c. 22%.

ftvC1- 'Z. 1 ;e:3 t t_,

3X0 O

390

1212

2."S

42'71

4.22 3-h-ole sJrr~~e

IPS tie r .r ,17y 3 1/2-ter.. 3 &-ete:circle.

."f.35

?.25

3..1

iv --.o - 2.4

1730

17C)0

130

363

13 0-00

3-h:1.e bayonet t; ae#'r1 _t

c '-ftf:gi 3~ ;'.:e :use e kte.he 'tO vuecpe:~ h3e e::rox.i-mate y '7-in. ebo-v e t'top~plate.

to in1BAs % :ta2.

2'i x 1,51 x1"

29 x- 5

32 x 1 -5

C

-.f.'. tfffftffft .tf - ~ 1ftt t ft f

*:f ?v n

1.08

2.05

x.16

1207

490

4'79

1437

. ,fM ftzft

0.413

0.305

.305

00 -

K

ft4t t^ ' f