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NATONATO

US Army Europe Senior Leaders

ForumFebruary 16, 2005

LtGen Ed Hanlon, USMC

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NUCLEAR PLANNING

GROUP (NPG)

DEFENSE PLANNING (DPC)

SECRETARYGENERAL

COMMITTEESSUBORDINATE TONAC, DPC & NPG

International

Staff

NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL

(NAC)MILITARY

COMMITTEE (MC)

International Military Staff

ALLIED COMMAND

OPERATIONS

ALLIED COMMAND

TRANSFORMATION

Strategic Commands

Integrated Military Command Structure

MILITARY REPRESENTATIVES (TO NATO MC)

PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVES

(TO NATO)

NATIONAL AUTHORITIES

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US Military US Military Delegation NATODelegation NATO

Representatives of the Representatives of the Chairman US Joint Chiefs Chairman US Joint Chiefs of Staff at NATO of Staff at NATO HeadquartersHeadquarters

US Military Representative US Military Representative Deputy US Military Deputy US Military

RepresentativeRepresentative

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US MILREP

DEP MILREP

Chief ofStaff

PentagonLiaison

ProtectiveServices

TotalsOfficers 22NCOs 32Civilians 9

LegalAdvisor

Personnel & Support

INTELPlans &

OpsLog &

ResourcesStrat &Policy

Comm &Info Sys

1 - O-9 – USMC1 - O-4 - USMC3 - NCOs

1 - O-7 – USAF 1 - CIV1 - O-4 - USA 1 - NCO

1 – CW4 - USA11 - NCOs

1 - O-6 - USAF1 - NCO

1 - O-5 - USN 1 - O-6 - USAF

1 - O-5 - USA1 - 1SG9 - NCOs1 - CIV

1 - O-5 - USA1 - O-3 - USA4 - NCOs3 - CIVs1 - EM

1 - O-6 - USA1 - O-6 - USAF1 - O-6 - USN1 - O-6 - USMC1 - CIV

1 - O-6 - USA1 - O-5 - USAF1 - CIV

1 - O-6 - USAF1 - O-4 - USA

1 - O-6 - USA1 - O-5 - USA1 - O-4 - USA2 - NCOs1 - CIV

US Military DelegationUS Military Delegation

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US Military US Military Delegation Mission Delegation Mission

StatementStatement Represent the Joint Chiefs Represent the Joint Chiefs

of Staff in NATO’s Military of Staff in NATO’s Military Committee and other Committee and other NATO agencies NATO agencies

Ensure communication Ensure communication with Joint Staff and senior with Joint Staff and senior officials in the officials in the Department of Defense, Department of Defense, Department of State and Department of State and other federal agencies other federal agencies governmentgovernment

Maintain channels of Maintain channels of communication with Alliescommunication with AlliesADVOCATE AND REPORT

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What are people What are people saying about NATO?saying about NATO?

““I think that NATO should disband. NATO reminds I think that NATO should disband. NATO reminds me of the old Piron Delaut play, "Six Characters in me of the old Piron Delaut play, "Six Characters in Search of an Author". Well this is 12 countries or so Search of an Author". Well this is 12 countries or so in search of a purpose. I think that the purpose of in search of a purpose. I think that the purpose of NATO is there clearly is no purpose. The Soviet NATO is there clearly is no purpose. The Soviet Union is disbanded and I don't think that Germany Union is disbanded and I don't think that Germany has to be kept down. .” has to be kept down. .”

Prof Mel Krauss, Hoover Institute Prof Mel Krauss, Hoover Institute

““Instead of breaking in a new building by 2008, Instead of breaking in a new building by 2008, NATO should learn a lesson from what its old enemy NATO should learn a lesson from what its old enemy did: realize the Cold War is over and vote itself out did: realize the Cold War is over and vote itself out of existence.” of existence.”

Arik Hesseldahl, Forbes MagazineArik Hesseldahl, Forbes Magazine

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What are people What are people saying about NATO?saying about NATO?

““Our great transatlantic alliance has met and overcome great Our great transatlantic alliance has met and overcome great dangers in the past, and our work in NATO is not done. In the dangers in the past, and our work in NATO is not done. In the past, many assumed that NATO represented a pledge that past, many assumed that NATO represented a pledge that America would come to the aid of Europe. Today, by our America would come to the aid of Europe. Today, by our words and by our actions, we know that NATO means much words and by our actions, we know that NATO means much more -- it is a solemn commitment that America and Europe more -- it is a solemn commitment that America and Europe are joined together to advance the cause of freedom and are joined together to advance the cause of freedom and peace.”peace.”

President George W. BushPresident George W. Bush March 29, 2004March 29, 2004

““Today the NATO Alliance is the most important and capable Today the NATO Alliance is the most important and capable security alliance in the world.” security alliance in the world.”

Gen Richard Myers, Chairman JCSGen Richard Myers, Chairman JCS February 16, 2005February 16, 2005

““[NATO] is an Alliance that, as great as it has been in the [NATO] is an Alliance that, as great as it has been in the past, will have an even better future.”past, will have an even better future.”

Secretary of State Condoleezza Secretary of State Condoleezza RiceRice

February 9, 2005 February 9, 2005

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Why Participate in Why Participate in Alliances?Alliances?

Formalizes and deepens Formalizes and deepens the US government the US government relationship with the relationship with the government of a foreign government of a foreign countrycountry

Force multiplierForce multiplier Unity in the face of Unity in the face of

challengeschallenges Logistical efficiencyLogistical efficiency

Can provide Allies for Can provide Allies for US global initiativesUS global initiatives

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What is NATO?What is NATO? NATO is an Alliance of 26 NATO is an Alliance of 26

countries from North America countries from North America and Europe committed to and Europe committed to fulfilling the goals of the fulfilling the goals of the North Atlantic Treaty signed North Atlantic Treaty signed on April 4, 1949 . . . on April 4, 1949 . . .

The fundamental mission of The fundamental mission of NATO is to safeguard the NATO is to safeguard the freedom and security of freedom and security of member countries . . . member countries . . .

NATO is dedicated to the NATO is dedicated to the common values of democracy, common values of democracy, individual liberty, the rule of individual liberty, the rule of law, and peaceful resolution law, and peaceful resolution of disputes and promotes of disputes and promotes these values throughout the these values throughout the AllianceAlliance

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NATO 1949-1991: NATO 1949-1991: Era of the Cold WarEra of the Cold War

Protect freedom & Protect freedom & stability in the stability in the North Atlantic North Atlantic AreaArea

Counter the threat Counter the threat of Communismof Communism

Protect western Protect western Europe from Europe from Soviet attackSoviet attack

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NATO 1991 – 1999: NATO 1991 – 1999: Era of Adjustment & Era of Adjustment &

ExpansionExpansion Disintegration of the Disintegration of the

Soviet Union and end of Soviet Union and end of the Warsaw Pactthe Warsaw Pact

Outbreak of ethnic Outbreak of ethnic violence in the former violence in the former Republic of Yugoslavia Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) threatens security (FRY) threatens security in Western Europein Western Europe

NATO intervenes in NATO intervenes in 1995 & 1999 1995 & 1999

New NATO members & New NATO members & Partnership for Peace Partnership for Peace (PfP)(PfP)

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NATO 1999 onward: NATO 1999 onward: Era of TransformationEra of Transformation

NATO moves toward an NATO moves toward an expeditionary expeditionary capability (NATO capability (NATO Response Force)Response Force)

Out of area operationsOut of area operations AfghanistanAfghanistan IraqIraq

A commitment to A commitment to security within the security within the Alliance through Alliance through worldwide reachworldwide reach

Further expansion?Further expansion?

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Why is NATO Why is NATO Important to the Important to the United States?United States?

Cultural, economic, social and Cultural, economic, social and political tiespolitical ties

Access to bases outside the USAccess to bases outside the US Military capabilities of the Allies Military capabilities of the Allies

enhance those of the USenhance those of the US NATO forces can backfill for US NATO forces can backfill for US

units needed elsewhereunits needed elsewhere

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Why is the United Why is the United States important to States important to

NATO?NATO? US remains the world’s only US remains the world’s only

superpowersuperpower US brings a unique view to US brings a unique view to

discussions within the Alliancediscussions within the Alliance US provides much of NATO’s US provides much of NATO’s

expeditionary capabilityexpeditionary capability

Bottom-line: NATO works best when the US leadsBottom-line: NATO works best when the US leadsUNCLASSIFIED

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NATO around the NATO around the globe . . . globe . . .

KFOR: ~14,500 (+2,700 KFOR: ~14,500 (+2,700 Non-NATO troops)Non-NATO troops)

Balkans AO HQs: 300+Balkans AO HQs: 300+ ISAF: ~7,900 (+250 Non-ISAF: ~7,900 (+250 Non-

NATO troops)NATO troops) ACTIVE ENDEAVOR: ACTIVE ENDEAVOR:

1,800+ personnel1,800+ personnel 5x FF, 5x tenders, etc.5x FF, 5x tenders, etc.

NATO Training Mission – NATO Training Mission – IraqIraq 94 trainers from 12 NATO 94 trainers from 12 NATO

nations (in country)nations (in country)

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What does NATO What does NATO “cost” the United “cost” the United

States?States? US military budget in US military budget in

FY 04 & FY 05: FY 04 & FY 05: $401 Billion$401 Billion US contribution to US contribution to

NATONATO FY 04: $546 MillionFY 04: $546 Million FY 05: $564 MillionFY 05: $564 Million

Bottom-line: US Bottom-line: US spends less than spends less than 0.136% of DoD budget 0.136% of DoD budget on NATO on NATO

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Where is NATO Where is NATO going?going?

NATO Response ForceNATO Response Force Deeper relationships Deeper relationships

with partnerswith partners New missionsNew missions

Peacekeeping in Middle Peacekeeping in Middle EastEast

Organized crimeOrganized crime Human trafficking Human trafficking Border securityBorder security

Relationships with Relationships with Pacific nationsPacific nations

EXPEDITIONAREXPEDITIONARYY

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Global Posture Review: Global Posture Review: Impact on NATOImpact on NATO

Traditionally large US Traditionally large US footprint in Europe footprint in Europe translated into significant translated into significant NATO posts for the US (e.g., NATO posts for the US (e.g., SACEUR, SACLANT)SACEUR, SACLANT)

Will the US maintain its Will the US maintain its leadership within the leadership within the Alliance as its troop levels Alliance as its troop levels continue to fall?continue to fall?

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The “new” US Army The “new” US Army & NATO& NATO

Global Posture Review: Impact in EuropeGlobal Posture Review: Impact in Europe Draw down in GE from 2x “old” Divs(-) to 1x new Draw down in GE from 2x “old” Divs(-) to 1x new

Stryker BDE(+)Stryker BDE(+) More deployable, for operations (and training) abroadMore deployable, for operations (and training) abroad Good example to NATO allies to “lighten up”Good example to NATO allies to “lighten up”

Modernize current bases to better support Modernize current bases to better support expeditionary Armyexpeditionary Army

New forward operating bases and training ranges in New forward operating bases and training ranges in Eastern EuropeEastern Europe

All part of the Army-wide transformation to All part of the Army-wide transformation to modular BDE structures with support elements modular BDE structures with support elements and HQs.and HQs.

EXPEDITIONAREXPEDITIONARYY

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Challenges ahead . . Challenges ahead . . . .

Elusive ConsensusElusive Consensus Limits of US Limits of US

leadershipleadership What are we What are we

prepared to pay?prepared to pay? Is it nice to be “niche”Is it nice to be “niche” Never ending Never ending

technology “gap”technology “gap” EU challengeEU challenge

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What must be What must be avoided? avoided?

Mistrust amongst Mistrust amongst alliesallies

Economic or social Economic or social differences that split differences that split the Alliancethe Alliance

Nations who join, but Nations who join, but do not meet do not meet democratic standards democratic standards of the Allianceof the Alliance

Complacency replaces Complacency replaces vigilancevigilance

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Opportunities for Opportunities for success . . . success . . .

Security through strategic Security through strategic partnershipspartnerships Mediterranean Dialogue (MED Mediterranean Dialogue (MED

D)D) Istanbul Cooperation Initiative Istanbul Cooperation Initiative

(ICI)(ICI) NATO – Russian Council (NRC)NATO – Russian Council (NRC) NATO – Ukraine Council (NUC)NATO – Ukraine Council (NUC)

Bringing the benefits of Bringing the benefits of democracy to new partner democracy to new partner nationsnations

Increase the area of stability Increase the area of stability to include Europe & Asiato include Europe & Asia

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Where will NATO Where will NATO be in 25 years?be in 25 years?

The largest political-military The largest political-military alliance of democratic nations alliance of democratic nations in the world; dedicated to the in the world; dedicated to the stability and freedom of all stability and freedom of all nations . . .nations . . .

This metric must not be This metric must not be measured by the number of measured by the number of NATO members, rather by the NATO members, rather by the quality of our member nations quality of our member nations . . . . . .

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Questions ?Questions ?