unclassified ad number limitation changes 10.67-meter whip, because of its greater length and...

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Distribution authorized to U.S. Gov't. agenciesonly; Test and Evaluation; 20 AUG 1973. Otherrequests shall be referred to Naval ElectronicsLaboratory Center, San Diego, CA 92152.

USNELC ltr, 22 Aug 1974

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TECHNICAL DOCUMENT 269 m r o

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HF ANTENNA SYSTEM DESIGN FOR PATROL HYDROFOIL [MISSILE) (PHM)

J. L. Lievens and I. C. Olson

Radio Technology Division

D D C

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20 August 1973

Distribution limited tOj.U^^O^Vt. agencies only; Proprietary Info.'At l*c< ' ^. Other requests for this document must be referred to

NAVAL ELECTRONICS LABORATORY CENTER San Diego, California 92152

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Distribution limited to U.S. Government agencies only: test and evaluation; 20 August 1973; other requests for this document must be referred to NELC.

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INTRODUCTION

The Patrol Hydrofoil, Missile (PHM), is a high-speed patrol craft planned lor use bv NATO forces. Two prototype vessels are being designed and built under Navy contract by Boeing Aerospace Company. Small size of the PHM length 40 meters coupled with the requirement for a rather extensive communications capability for this size ship in addition to weapon requirements poses difficult antenna placement problems. This is especially true of hf, for which antenna spacing in terms of wavelength must of neces-

sity be small. . , ... . NEl.C was tasked by NAVSHIPS, PMS-303.6, to provide an ht antenna

system design study for PHM in conjunction with the overall communications design effort being pursued by Boeing.

Requirements for the hf (2-30 MHz) subsystem on PHM specify two 1-kW transceive circuits capable of simultaneous operation and providing gapless SSO-kilometer coverage. Limited topside space available for antenna-; precludes the use of broadband antennas with multicouplers. Thus, narrow- band antennas such as whips or dipoles used with antenna couplers, or some other type of tuned antennas are necessary in order to cover the wide hi range.

Simultaneous transmission with closely spaced antennas having automatically tuned base antenna couplers is a problem on existing Navy ships. The AN/URA-38, the Navy's only automatic antenna coupler, has serious interference problems when operated physically close to a second radiating

C A report1 has been written documenting the AN/iIRA-38 problem. A second automatic antenna coupler being considered for PHM application is the 490T-3 type (SIMOP version) manufactured by Collins Radio Company primarily for aircraft. This coupler had been tested successfully by Naval Air Development Center (NADC) with two hf antennas transmitting simultaneously on the P3A/B aircraft. Measurements performed at NELC- -using the 490T-3 with two whip antennas over a ground plane and at whip »pacings which would be practical on PHM showed that mistuning or no tuning of the 490T would also occur, depending on frequency spacing and power level used.

The objective of the NELC study was to provide two hf antennas (1) with the maximum isolation possible between them, (2) with reasonable antenna system efficiency, and (3) so arranged that they would meet the near-field-level requirement for the PHM weapons.

»NELC Technical Document TO 170, "Mistuning of AN/URA-38: and AN/URA-38 Antenna Coupler Groups in the Presence of Interfering Signals," by J. L. Lievens,

20 March 1972 2NELC Itr ser 2100-108 to NAVSHIPS. PMS-391 of 19 May 1973. subject. Tests

conducted on the Collins 490T-3 SIMOP antenna coupler in support of the PHM program

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MEASUREMENT PROGRAM

Work on the til antenna subsystem design at the NELC model range was done on a l/50-scale brass model ot PHM built from drawings supplied by Boeing. The antenna arrangement chosen was (1) a whip antenna on the port side just aft of the pilot house at the 01 level and ^2) a three-wire bent-Ian antenna strung from the mast aft and fed at deck level (fig. 1). Boeing had already explored isolation between various antenna locations with two lO.dV-meter whips. The antennas are to be matched. A base- mounted antenna coupler, the 490T-typc SIMOP coupler, is considered a most likely candidate. Tuned antennas such as the helical monopole were rejected, as no automatically tuned and/or production model is available. It is felt that on PHM, automatic tuning is highly desirable because of limited manning and automatically tuned transceivers.

Data on the PHM model were taken for whip lengths of 5.33 and 10.67 meters, as both were considered candidate antennas. Overall length of the fan is about 10.7 meters. Spacing between fan and whip at the nearest point is 9.75 meters, which is the maximum possible without getting overly close to the Harpoon missile launcher aft and the OTO Melara gun forward of the pilot house. Impedance measurements were made for several variations in fan size, including a configuration in which the feed was terminated about 2 meters above deck at the mast support. The form shown in figure 1 was found to be the best compromise. A second whip, 5.33 meters long, mounted starboard opposite the first whip, is designated for the backup receive circuit.

Data were taken on the hf antenna configuration of figure 1 for both hullborne and foilborne ship attitudes. Impedance, pattern, and isolation measurements or data were obtained for both ship attitudes. Near-field calculations were used to determine the expected peak fields in volts per meter for the antenna-to-weapon spacings chosen.

IMPEDANCE DATA

Impedance data for the three antennas measured are presented in figures 2-4. In general, the impedance curves were similar in shape for hullborne and foilborne altitudes. Data were taken with the General Radio type 1602B admittance meter and a Hewlett Packard network analyzer and S-parameter test set. The test setup is shown in figure 5. At frequencies above 20 MHz full scale it was felt that greater accuracy could be obtained with the admittance meter. Neither method would give sufficient resolution to make an accurate determination of antenna resistance at frequencies below about 5 MHz.

In order to ensure that the resistance value of the fan antenna was great enough so that excessive antenna coupler losses and possible coupler damage would not occur, a full-scale mock-up was constructed. The PHM mast was simulated by a grounded 10.67-meter AS-2537/SR whip with a metallic yardarm mounted on and electrically bonded to the whip top. From the cross arm the fan made of stranded copper wire 2 mm in diameter and having the dimensions shown in figure 1 was rigged. The feedpoint terminated at a small porcelain insulator 15 cm above the ground plane.

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TABU;

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IMPEDANCE VALUES.

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1.2 -j440

2.0 -J257

2.1 -jl48 23.5 -J56

There is considerable variation in the reactance values of figure 2 (appendix) and table 1 which may be due in part to some error in measuring very-low-resistance, high-reactance loads on the model. However, one would expect a somewhat higher reactance value, because the full-scale fan, lacking the elevated ship platform, goes through first resonance at a higher frequency- appears electrically shorter- than the fan on the model. Also, because of this pedestal effect the resistance may be somewhat greater when the antenna is mounted aboard PHM.

PATTERN DATA

Pattern data (vertical polarization) were taken on the NELC model range for representative frequencies only, both in azimuth and elevation. In addition, some azimuthal patterns were taken on the fan above 10 MHz for horizontal polarization. All patterns taken were referenced to a vertical quarter-wave monopole. A sample of the results for the fan and 5.33-meter whip is shown in figures 6 through 45.

ISOLATION DATA

Degree of isolation between the fan antenna and the 5.33- and 10.67- meter whips, measured with the HP test setup of figure 5, is shown in figures 46 through 57. For 2 and 3 MHz a signal-generator to-detector method was used, as the dynamic range of the test setup was suspect over 50 dB. The gross isolation for frequencies above 5 MHz was corrected for antenna mismatch loss calculated from the impedance data of figures 2-4 resulting in fhe space isolation curves shown in figures 58 through 61. The portions of the curves below 5 MHz are dashed; reliable data could not be obtained from the model below 5 MHz due to limitations in measuring accurate impedance data to derive the true mismatch loss. It was hoped that the mismatch loss and also, indirectly, the antenna radiation resistance could be obtained from pattern data at these frequencies by comparison to a X/4 antenna, but sufficient accuracy to provide acceptable data was not obtained; at 2 MHz total isolation was less than the antenna mismatch loss while at 3 MHz a space isolation of 4 dB was indicated. Therefore, the dashed portions of the space isolation curves are based on measured isolation between two whips

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be expected.

ANALYSIS OF ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS

The ability of the antenna system to meet the simultaneous transmission requirement depends, as has been said, on providing sufficient isolation between antennas for satisfactory coupler performance. As shown in figures 58 61, the most critical area is below 10 MHz. Use of the shorter, 5.33-meter whip does provide some additional isolation over most of the frequency range. Also, additional isolation whip to fan will be realized as a result of coupler inefficiency in matching the high-reactance, very-low-resistance impedance of the shorter whip ai frequencies below about 7 MHz. Even when an auxiliary external matching coil, necessary for compatibility of the short whip and 490T, is provided, an increased effective isolation is obtained at the expense of lower antenna system efficiency.

The 10.67-meter whip, because of its greater length and correspond- ingly higher resistive component at the low frequencies, will provide greater antenna system efficiency below 7 MHz. Us use will decrease space isolation, and its greater efficiency could be offset by the need for reducing radiated transmitter power. On the basis of the measurements taken with the 490T coupler and the isolation curves obtained on the model, it appearsjikely that use of the shorter whip will not guarantee that "tuning holes" (frequencies at which interference between radiating antennas causes malfunction)

will not occur.

HERO CONSIDERATIONS

Magnitude of the radiated field in the vicinity of the Harpoon missile launcher and forward gun determines whether a possible hazard exists. The antenna near field in peak volts per meter was determined analytically for both the 10.67- and 5.33-meter whips over a perfect ground plane. Curves showing the expected field at varying heights above ground level and at varying distances from the antenna based on the parameters of figure 63 are shown for both whip lengths in figures 64 to 72. Minimum distance from the whip to the gun is approximately 7 meters. The field at the frequency of maximum field, 2 MHz, is 115 rms volts/meter for the 5.33-meter whip and 81 rms volts/meter for the 10.67-meter whip. Although the data were calculated over a ground plane, they can be applied to the whip case because the hazardous region surrounding the antenna is not a major function of the structure surrounding the antenna.3 Calculating the field for the fan antenna is a much more difficult problem, because of the complexity of

3NELC Technical Report 1812, "Calculated Near Fields of Navy HF Whip Antennas," by J. W. Rockway and P. M. Hansen, 24 April 1953.

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modeling the antenna and the surrounding structure to which it is coupled. A simple model of the fan has been simulated and limited data were obtained for 2 MHz by use of a numerical modeling program based on the sinusoidal inter- polation method. At 12.5 meters directly aft of the mast, which is about 9.2 meters aft of the fan feedpoint, the vertical component of the field, 1 meter above the feedpoint, was 120 rms volts/meter for 1 kW radiated. (The vertical field component is by far the major contributor to the total field.) At spacings 3 meters port and starboard of the centerline and the same distance aft. the calculated field was 105 rms volts/meter. When derated for coupler losses, these values will fall below 100 volts/meter.

In conjunction with the analytical program, near-field measurements of full-scale antennas were made in cooperation with Boeing personnel with a Boeing-supplied E-field sensor, the EFS-1/LMT, manufactured by Instru- ments For Industry. Inc. Near-field readings, 1 meter above the ground plane, on a 10.67-meter whip at several spacings from the whip all were within 20 percent of the analytical values. The same instrument was then used to obtain the near-field values on the full-scale mock-up of the fan antenna previously described. The data are shown in figure 73. Although the values shown in figure 73 are for the field directly aft of the fan, measurements were also taken at 2 MHz in the other three quadrants. Values obtained varied by about 25 percent at the 7.5-meter spacing.

The coupler losses are based on measured losses for the 490T coupler feeding the fan. These were determined by measuring the power out of the transmitter feeding the coupler and comparing it to the power into the

antenna as represented by I^Rjmf Rant va,ues used are those of tab,e '" The value for I was read on an rf ammeter inserted between the 490T and the fan feedpoint.

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CONCLUSIONS

1 An lit antenna system for PHM consistini: of a Ian antenna aft and a whip forward will provide the maximum space isolation obtainable between antennas.

2. Using a short whip, 5.33 meters, forward will provide greater space isolation from the fan but antenna coupler efficiency below 7 MHz will be lower than if a larger, 10.67-meter whip is used.

3. The 5.33-meter whip will require an external loading coil when used with the 490T coupler.

4. Mechanically, the shorter whip, being less flexible, is more suited to the high-speed PHM platform.

5. This antenna study did not determine whether isolation between proposed antennas is sufficient to permit simultaneous operation of both transmitting circuits over the 2-30-MHz range without "tuning holes." From the isolation data taken, it appears probable that some tuning holes will occur below 10 MHz at maximum transmitter power output.

6. On the basis of data in reference 1 of this report, it is concluded that operation with lower transmitter power output will permit simultaneous transmitter operation at potential frequencies of interference.

7. A whip mounted forward as indicated in figure 1 will not be a radiation hazard to the PHM OTO Melara gun.

8. Analytical data and measured data on a full-scale mock-up indicated that the fan will not present a radiation hazard to the Harpoon missile launcher.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. It is recommended that the fan antenna described in this report be installed on PHM for one hf transceive circuit and a 5.33-meter whip be installed on the port side forward at frame 12.5 for the second hf transceive circuit. A second 5.33-meter whip should be mounted starboard at frame 12.5 for the backup receive circuit.

2. The foundation for the forward port-side whip should be made strong enough that a 10.67-meter whip can be installed at a later time if mechanical considerations permit and an improved coupler becomes available.

3. Near-field measurements of the fan antenna should be made ship- board to verify analytical and measured ground plane results.

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APPENDIX: TEiST DATA

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IIK- lipurcs and tublos which follow, labeled figures 1-73, were developed by members of NELC Radio Technology Division during the course of this project. They are repro- duced without rewoik in the interests of accuracy and economy.

CONTENTS

Figure Description

I Antenna system arrangement 2-4 Impedance data 5 Test setup for measuring impedance and isolation (,-45 Antenna patterns 4(»-57 Isolation data 58-62 Isolation data, corrected for antenna mismatch 6.1 Guide to figures 04-72 64-72 Computed peak field for whip antennas 73 Measured field for fan antenna

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20

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r OATEJLimiiL

\

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21

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EN6R DATE-7 Juw-f. 7^

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ENGR DATE? Ju>/^7^ Figure U \

23

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24

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EN6R DATET -fvifc?)

/ Figur« 16 \

25

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/ Figure 17 \

26

immmm^mmmm^mm J„.I..-^.J,.J1. ■.■^:'.^..J.^n-,liriMllMjl .-.-.-^ ^ ^-■.1I -| in-mrrii -iMiiiin-rr

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EN6R. „ DATE L^.q-H

Figur« 18 \

27

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/

ENGR DATE u-iq,?'..

Figure 19 \

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/ Figur« 20

\

29

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/ Figure 21

30

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/ Figur« 22 \

31

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32


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/

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EN6R DATEjLd^JJ

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33

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/

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ENGR _ DATE^.H-T? Figure 25

34

■riiiiiiiiMir ruimi ■ ■■■!- - -- iiii^riifamTriM-^'-""^^ -' ^

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ENGR. DATE(>-^ ?.\ Figure 26 \

35

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EN6R

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. DATEfcM^'M Figure 27 \

36

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/

EN6R. DATILkd&ali Figure 28 \

37

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EN6R.

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Figur« 30 \

39

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ENGR , DATEIJuw.« 7i Figure 31 \

40

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1

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V ENGR DATE ^^„^73

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V.' ENCR. , DATEjLiäÜfiJi Figurt 33 \

42

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K' ENGR

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44

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45

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Flgurt 38 \

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ENGR. DATE ;Lr> hutaJj Figure 39 \

48

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UNCLASSIFIED S«Curil\ Cla»»ific»tion II

(Srcuruy cla>tlllcmlion ol IHI*. body «I nb-lf

DOCUMENT CONTROL DATA R i D ci *„d InfMlnt *nnot*t,„n mutl bt »mend wh»n the ..^"11 "po" ^ • /-.-■■."■-')

1 o"i<ilN*TlNC »c TIVITT fCorpor«!« «ulhor)

Naval Electronics Laboratory Center San Diego, California l)2152

2». BEPORT SfrwHlIY CIA'JS^ICATION

UNCLASS1I IEI) lb GROUP

I RIPOR1 r I TLE

HF ANTENNA SYSTEM DKSKJN IOR PATROL HYDROFOIL (MISSILE) (PHM)

4 Dr»C"IP live NOTE» (Type o( rtporl mnd (m/w./v. duet)

I »UTMOKIII (Firti nmm*, middle initial, /«»(mm«)

J. L. Uevensand I.C.Olson

• «EPOWT O*TC

20 August 1973 "M. CONTRACT on O«*NT NO

». »PIOJBCTNO S4663, Task 016 (NELCJ605)

7». TOTAL NO OF PASES

84 76. NO OF BEFS

3 9A. ORICINATO"'» REPORT NUM»E«(»1

NELC Technical Document 269

»b. OTHER REPORT NOISI (Any other nambere thml mmy be mmslgned thle report)

,0 SmtolZn HfrttS to U.S. Government agencies only; test and evaluation; 20 August 1973. Other request,

for this document must he referred to NELC.

»U»»LEM«NTA«V NOTE«

_ i» JIT

W iPONSORINO M1LI T ARY ACTIVITY

Naval Ship Systems Command PMS-303.6

1> A*f TRAC

The PHM is a high-speed patrol craft under development for possible NATO use. Small size, along with extensive weapon and communications requirements, complicates the problems of antenna selec.on and location. Thi. document presents the results of an NELC study to prov.de two hf antennas (1) with maximum possible isolation between them, (2) with reasonable antenna system efficiency, and (3) so arranged that they meet the HERO requirement for the PHM weapons.

NELC recommends that a fan antenna be installed for one hf transceive circuit and a 5.33-meter whip for the other. A second whip is recommended for backup.

Impedance, pattern, and isolation data are presented.

DD .'£?..1473 FORM I NOV

otoi-oi*-seoo

(PAGE 1) UNCLASSIFIED Security Classification

J II IMI I II'- ■■■ II I ■ [ " ^

f I,

I

UNCLASSIFIED Security Clattsification

KEY WO R OS

Patrol Hydrofoil, Missile (PHM)

HI" communications Antennas

Near-field levels

DD .^..1473 BACK, (PAGE 2)

UNCLASSIFIED Security ClasKification

- - ■ - • - ■ - - - mtmmikm

mm^r !■■■■■■■■ "

INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST

COMMANDER, NAVAL SHIP SYSTEMS COMMAND PMS 391.1 PMS291A

COMMANDER, NAVAL ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS COMMAND ELEX05L ELEX 05615

COMMANDER, NAVAL SHIP ENGINEERING CENTER CODE6179C.04 CODE 6110.06

NAVAL WEAPONS LABORATORY CODE TFA (ATTN: LARRY SCURA)

DEFENSE DOCUMENTATION CENTER (2)

-,...^. ■^... ■.-^- -.- ■

^ni^M^n^ M ^^^^i^^^ , ^^ _^^

unclassified ad number limitation changes 10.67-meter whip, because of its greater length and...

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