umts capacity estimation

8/9/2019 UMTS Capacity Estimation

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UMTS Capacity Estimation


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Contents

1 UMTS Service Model................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Service Classification.......................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Service Model ..................................................................................................................................... 2

1.2.1 Classification of Area Types.................................................................................................... 2

1.2.2 CS Domain Service Model ...................................................................................................... 3

1.2.3 PS Domain Service Model....................................................................................................... 4

2 UMTS Capacity Estimation........................................................................................................................ 9

2.1 Capacity Estimation Flo................................................................................................................... !

2.2 Estimation Met"od of #y$rid Service Capacity................................................................................. !

2.2.1 E%&ivalent Erlan' Met"od..................................................................................................... 1(

2.2.2 Post Erlan')* Met"od ........................................................................................................... 11

2.2.3 Camp$ell Met"od .................................................................................................................. 12

2.3 +plin, Capacity Estimation.............................................................................................................. 1-

2.3.1 oad Analysis for +plin,....................................................................................................... 1-

2.3.2 +plin, Capacity and Scale Estimation .................................................................................. 1/

2.4 Donlin, Capacity Estimation......................................................................................................... 1!

2.4.1 Analysis of Donlin, oad................................................................................................... 1!

2.4.2 Donlin, Capacity and Scale Estimation ............................................................................. 22

3 Scale Estimation Example......................................................................................................................... 25

3.1 Ass&med Conditions ......................................................................................................................... 2-

3.2 Estimation Process............................................................................................................................ 20

3.2.1 Estimation Flo C"art........................................................................................................... 20

3.2.2 +plin, Covera'e Estimation.................................................................................................. 20


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3.2.3 +plin, Capacity Estimation .................................................................................................. 2

3.2.4 Donlin, Capacity Estimation ............................................................................................. 3(


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1 UMTS Service Model

1.1 Service Classification

n t"e 3PP protocol services r&nnin' in t"e +MTS system are 'ro&ped into fo&r

classes $ased on 5&ality of Service 65oS7 Conversational Streamin' nteractive and

*ac,'ro&nd. T"e 3PP protocol 22.1(- 'ives e8amples to ill&strate typical

applications of t"ese services and t"eir 5oS re%&irements. Ta$le 1.1)1 offers t"e $asic

feat&res and typical cases of t"ese fo&r classes of services.

Ta$le 1.1)1 Service Classification

Service Cate'ory *asic Feat&res Typical Cases

9eep time relations"ip $eteen information :oice service video

Conversational entities in stream conversational mode 6small conference interactive

delay and strict delay ;itter re%&irement7 'ame Telnet

:oice stream media9eep time relations"ip $eteen information

Streamin' donload movie $roseentities in stream

:ideo


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nfo Services 04 12

1


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Entertainment 04 12

>>> 04 12

FTP 04 12?34

:ideo streamin' 04 34

1.2 Service Model

Service model is t"e reference for capacity estimation. t reflects t"e proportion of eac"

service in "y$rid service &nder vario&s service environments. *ased on t"is proportionyo& can estimate t"e avera'e traffic or data t"ro&'"p&t of a sin'le &ser. M&ltiply t"e

val&e $y t"e e8pected n&m$er of &sers in vario&s environments to 'et t"e

correspondin' total traffic or t"ro&'"p&t.

1.2.1 Classification of Area Types

Service model is very important to t"e +MTS netor, desi'n $eca&se it is t"e

reference for capacity estimation and determines "et"er to ta,e f&t&re netor,

service demands into acco&nt d&rin' plannin'.


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development Dense $&ildin' B1(((B1((((

comple8 area

#i'" traffic medi&m service rate B3(((+r$an area B1(((

common data service demands

o traffic lo)speed or no data B1((S&$&r$ area 1(((

service

Sparse traffic it" t"e p&rpose of =&ral area solvin' covera'e 1((( 1((

o '&arantee for data service 5oS

Main line of o traffic scenic spot it" seasonal

comm&nication?feat&res

Scenic spot

oteG S&c" re'ions as Middle =in' of #on'9on' and &;ia&i Financial H Trade Ione in S"an'"ai

Considerin' voice service remains important at t"e early sta'e of 3 constr&ction t"e

folloin' sections 'ives detailed recommendation of $&sy "o&r traffic for t"e a$ove si8

areas respectively on voice service and video p"one service it" respect to PS domain

data service $&sy "o&r traffic for only t"e former fo&r areas are provided.

1.2.2 CS Domain Service Model

Fi'&re 1.2)1 s"os t"e voice service call model.

Call duration

Call setup Call release

Fi'&re 1.2)1 Call Model of :oice Service

Primary parameters of t"e voice service model are *&sy #o&r Call Attempt 6*#CA7

and call d&ration. >it" t"ese to parameters yo& can calc&late t"e $&sy "o&r traffic.

*&sy #o&r Traffic J *#CA 8 Call D&ration ?30((

Ta$les 1.2)2 and 1.2)3 respectively offer t"e recommended val&es of voice service and

video p"one service in different areas.

Ta$le 1.2)2 :oice Service Model


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Area *#CA Call D&ration 6S7 Traffic 6Erl?*#7

Central $&siness2./ 0( (.(4-

district

rre'&lar Donton

$&ildin')intensiv 1. 0( (.(3area

e area

Dense $&ildin'1.2 0( (.(2

comple8 area

+r$an area 1.2 0( (.(2

S&$&r$ area 1.(1 0( (.(1

=&ral area (.!0 0( (.(10

Main line of (.! 0( (.(1-

comm&nication?scenic spot

Ta$le 1.2)3 :ideo P"one Service Model

Area *#CA Call D&ration 6S7 Traffic 6mErl?*#7

Central $&siness(.13- 12( 4.-

district

rre'&lar Donton

$&ildin')intensi (.(! 12( 3area

ve area

Dense $&ildin'(.(0 12( 2

comple8 area

+r$an area (.(0 12( 2

S&$&r$ area (.(-(! 12( 1.

=&ral area (.(4 12( 1.0

Main line of (.(4- 12( 1.-

comm&nication?scenic spot

1.2.3 PS Domain Service Model

T"e data service call model idely differs from t"e voice service call model. Data call

"as t"e folloin' feat&resG

Conversion $eteen Dormant state and Active state

Eac" session of a &ser can consist of several pac,et calls and different data service

types and &ser types "ave differentiated feat&res

Data is transmitted in data $&rst mode

=eso&rces occ&pied $y pac,et call vary it" data $&rst transmission.


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Fi'&re 1.2)2 s"os t"e data call processG

A data service process of a &ser A data service process of a &ser

Data callsession!"### Data callsession!"###

Clic$ %e& Clic$ next Send'(eceive E"

pa)e Clic$ next pa)e pa)e mail

*ac$et Call *ac$et Call *ac$et Call *ac$et Call#e& pa)e #e& pa)e do%nload #e& pa)e do%nload

#e& pa)e do%nload do%nload

+ctive Dormant +ctive Dormant +ctive +ctive

>e$ pa'e donload e8t e$ pa'e donload

*ac$et Call *ac$et Call

Data ,urst Data ,urst Data ,urst Data ,urst

Call setup Call release

Active Dormant

Fi'&re 1.2)2 Data Service Call Process

T"e data service "ere is descri$ed in ETS model. ts primary parameters are *&sy

#o&r Session Attempt 6*#SA7 calls per session pac,ets per call and mean pac,et sie.

>it" t"ese parameters yo& can or, o&t t"e $&sy "o&r service t"ro&'"p&t and

e%&ivalent Erl. Ta$le 1.2)4 'ives t"e calc&lation met"od of data service t"ro&'"p&t.

Ta$le 1.2)4 Data Service T"ro&'"p&t Calc&lation

Parameter Sym$ol

*#SA of data service a

Application proportion $

Calls per session c

Pac,ets per call d

Mean pac,et sie 6*yte7 e

Service $ear rate f

Service t"ro&'"p&t 6,$its?*#7 J a$cde?1(((

Erl " J '?30((?f

*ased on t"e national CDMA &ser "a$it analysis statistics in con;&nction it" t"e


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international +MTS data service feat&res parameters of data service ETS model in

donton area are 'iven in Ta$le 1.2)-G

Ta$le 1.2)- Parameters of Data Service ETS Model in Donton Area

Call per Pac,etMean Pac,et T"ro&'"p&t

Service *#SA Session in a CallSie 6*yte7 +?D6,$its7

+?D +?D

E)mail (.3 2?2 1-?1- 4( 34.-0?34.-0

MMS (.(- 2?2 1-?1- 4( -./0?-./0

ntranet (.1- -?- 4?2/ 4( 11.-0?//./0

E)com(.(- 2?2 1(?20 4( 3.4?!.!

merce

nfo(.( 2?2 -?33 4( 0.14?4(.0!

Services

Entertai(.(2 -?- 4?2/ 4( 1.-4?1(.3/

nment

>>> (.2 -?- 2?1- 4( /.0?-/.0(

FTP (.1- 1?1 ?/4 4( 4.01?42.02

*eca&se all services ill finally come don to t"e $ear rate Ta$le 1.2)0 provides a

recommended data service model at t"e early sta'e of 3 constr&ction $ased on $ear

rate. >"ere 34 service is applica$le only for donton and &r$an areas d&e to its

'reat impact on netor, covera'e.

Ta$le 1.2)0 Data Service Model

*ear *&sy #o&r Traffic 6,$its7+plin,?Donli

=ate Donton+r$an Area S&$&r$ Area =&ral Area n, Proportion

6,$ps7 Area

04?04 (.04 03.(4 3. 1-./0 1G1

04?12 101. 14(.3 /.3- 34.!4 1G/

04?34 112.-1 0. -4.2- 21./ 1G1(

oteG T"e data in t"is ta$le is intended for Class 4 area "ic" relatively drops $e"ind

Class 1 2 and 3 areas so t"at yo& can m&ltiply t"e data $y 3( 2( and 1( respectively

for t"ese areas.


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From analysis 31 provinces and cities in C"ina mainland can $e cate'oried into fo&r

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re'ions. T"e telecomm&nication development in provinces and cities of t"e same

re'ion "as many similarities so t"at t"ey are ta,en into acco&nt compre"ensively.

T"ese fo&r classes of re'ions are as follosG

Class 1G &an'don' S"an'"ai *ei;in' and I"e;ian'

Class 2G Tian;in F&;ian S"andon' iaonin' Sic"&an C"on'%in' and Kian's&

Class 3G #eilon';ian' Kilin #&nan nner Mon'olia #&$ei #enan and #ainan

Class 4G 5in'"ai #e$ei Ti$et S"an8i An"&i &an'8i Kian'8i S"aan8i L&nnan

ans& in'8ia in;ian' and &i"o&.


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2 UMTS Capacity Estimation

2.1 Capacity Estimation Flo

T"e capacity estimation is anot"er important part of t"e scale estimation. T"e p&rpose

of capacity estimation is to estimate t"e appro8imate *S n&m$er needed $y t"e

capacity accordin' to t"e service model and service traffic demand of t"e netor,

plannin'. Similar it" t"e lin, $&d'et t"e capacity estimation s"o&ld $e performed

from t"e &plin, and donlin,. For t"e +MTS system capacity t"e interference is

limited in t"e &plin, direction and t"e *S poer is limited in t"e donlin, direction. n

t"e 2 CDMA netor, t"e voice service is t"e main application service it"

symmetrical &plin, and donlin, traffic t"e capacity is limited in t"e &plin, direction

so t"e &plin, capacity calc&lation is foc&sed on in capacity estimation. #oever in t"e

+MTS netor, t"e data service proportion is o$vio&sly increased and t"e netor,

&plin, and donlin, traffic $ecomes asymmetric 'enerally and even t"e donlin,

capacity may $e limited. T"erefore t"e +MTS capacity estimation s"o&ld $e

performed from t"e &plin, and donlin, respectively. T"e folloin' steps are involved

in capacity estimationG

1 #y$rid service intensity analysis. T"e +MTS system can provide m&ltiple

services. T"e "y$rid service intensity analysis ma,es t"e system capacity

cons&med $y vario&s services e%&ivalent to t"at cons&med $y a sin'le service.

2 +plin, capacity estimation. Estimate t"e *S n&m$er t"at meets t"e service

demand $ased on t"e "y$rid service intensity analysis.

3 Donlin, capacity estimation. t is a verification process. T"e *S transmission

poer form&la is &sed to calc&late t"e c"annel n&m$er t"at can $e provided $y

t"e c&rrent *S scale so as to verify "et"er t"is c"annel n&m$er can meet t"e

capacity re%&irement and if it cannot stations need $e added.

2.2 Estimation Met!od of "y#rid Service Capacity

T"ere are m&ltiple services in t"e +MTS netor, t"eir service rates and re%&ired

E$?o are diversified t"e effects on t"e system load and cons&med *S reso&rces are

different so t"e estimation for t"e cell capacity cannot adopt t"e met"od for estimatin'


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t"e cell capacity in a p&re voice netor,. An idea of "y$rid service capacity estimation

is to ma,e e%&ivalent amon' vario&s services to ma,e t"e system capacity cons&med

$y vario&s services e%&ivalent to t"at cons&med $y a sin'le service. T"e E%&ivalent

Erlan' Post Erlan')* and Camp$ell met"ods in t"e "y$rid service estimation are

introd&ced respectively as follos.

2.2.1 E$%ivalent Erlan& Met!od

T"e f&ndamental principle of t"e E%&ivalent Erlan' met"od is to ma,e a service

e%&ivalent to anot"er service calc&late t"e total traffic 6erl7 of t"e e%&ivalent services

and co&nt t"e c"annel n&m$er needed $y t"is traffic. >e ill 'ive an e8ample to

e8plain it as $elo.

S&ppose services A and * are provided in t"e netor, "ere

service AG eac" connection occ&pies one c"annel and t"e total is 12 erl

service *G eac" connection occ&pies 3 c"annels and t"e total is 0 erl.

f 1 erl service * is e%&ivalent to 3 erl service A t"e total traffic in t"e netor, ill $e

12N03J3( erl 6service A7. After %&eryin' Ta$le erl)* e ,no t"at alto'et"er 3!

c"annels are needed &nder 2O $loc,in' rate.

f 3 erl service A is e%&ivalent to 1 erl service * t"e total traffic in t"e netor, ill $e

12?3N0J1( erl 6service *7. After %&eryin' Ta$le erl)* e ,no t"at alto'et"er 1/

service * c"annels 6e%&ivalent to 1/3J-1 service A c"annels7 are needed &nder 2O

$loc,in' rate.

+pon t"e a$ove analysis e ,no t"at calc&lation res&lt t"ro&'" t"e E%&ivalent

Erlan' met"od is related to t"e e%&ivalent mode adopted. T"e res&lt t"ro&'" t"e former

e%&ivalent mode is too small 63! c"annels7 "ic" is too optimistic "ile t"e res&lt

t"ro&'" t"e latter mode is too lar'e 6-1 c"annels7 "ic" is too pessimistic as s"on in

t"e folloin' fi'&reG


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Capacities meetin' t"e

same e ill 'ive an e8ample to e8plain it as $elo.




After %&eryin' Ta$le erl)* e ,no t"at alto'et"er 1! c"annels are needed to meet

service A traffic 612 erl7 &nder 2O $loc,in' rate.

After %&eryin' Ta$le erl)* e ,no t"at alto'et"er 12 service * c"annels 6e%&ivalent

to 123J30 service A c"annels7 are needed to meet service * traffic 60 erl7 &nder 2O

$loc,in' rate.

T"e to services need 1!N30J-- c"annels totally.

Calc&late t"e netor, capacity in a special case $ased on t"e Post Erlan')* met"odG

S&ppose services A and * are t"e same ,ind "ere



After %&eryin' Ta$le erl)* e ,no t"at alto'et"er 1! c"annels are needed to meet


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service A traffic 612 erl7 &nder 2O $loc,in' rate.

After %&eryin' Ta$le erl)* e ,no t"at alto'et"er 12 c"annels are needed to meet t"e

service * traffic 60 erl7 &nder 2O $loc,in' rate.

Services A and * need 1!N12J31 c"annels totally.

*eca&se services A and * are t"e same ,ind t"e total traffic is 12N0J1 erl. Accordin'

to t"e c&rrently ,non met"od of capacity calc&lation in sin'le service after %&eryin'

Ta$le erl)* e ,no t"at 20 c"annels are needed to meet t"e traffic demand &nder 2O $loc,in' rate. T"is res&lt is correct o$vio&sly.

+pon a$ove analysis e can see t"at t"e calc&lation res&lt t"ro&'" t"e Post Erlan'

met"od is too pessimistic 631B207. T"e reason is t"at t"e *S c"annels are s"ared

amon' services "oever t"e Post Erlan' met"od factitio&sly separates t"e c"annels

&sed $y t"e services and t"&s t"e *S c"annel reso&rce &tiliation ratio is red&ced as

s"on in t"e folloin' fi'&reG

Capacities meetin' t"e same


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2erliai∑

v ic = =α

erliai∑i

α"ere c indicates capacity factor.

v indicates "y$rid service variance.

α indicates "y$rid service mean.

aiindicates t"e e%&ivalent intensity of service i.

Ciindicates t"e c"annel n&m$er needed $y service i.

e ill 'ive an e8ample to e8plain it as $elo.




E%&ivalent intensity of service A a1J1 and t"at of service * a2J3.

α = erli ai = 12×1+ 0×3 = 3(∑T"e "y$rid service mean is i

2 2v = ∑erliai =12 ×1+ 0 × 3 = 00

T"e "y$rid service variance is i

v 00c = = = 2.2

T"e capacity factor is α 3(

α 3(


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Accordin' to form&la 67 &nder 2O $loc,in' rate t"e c"annel n&m$er needed $y eac"

service is s"on as follosG

C1 = 621× 2.27 +1 = 4/Service AG

C1 = 621× 2.27 + 3 = 4!Service *G

From t"e a$ove analysis compared it" res&lts of t"e E%&ivalent Erlan' and Post

Erlan')* met"ods t"e res&lt of t"e Camp$ell met"od is more credi$le so it is a more

reasona$le estimation met"od for "y$rid service capacity at present. Accordin' to t"e

Camp$ell met"od &nder t"e same re%&irement of t"e service level


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2.3 Uplin) Capacity Estimation

2.3.1 *oad Analysis for Uplin)

n t"e +MTS system all &sers adopt t"e same carrier and eac" si'nal $ecomes a noise

6interference7 for ot"ers &pon codin'. T"erefore eac" si'nal is contained in t"e

$andidt" interference $ac,'ro&nd 'enerated $y ot"er &ser. To access a call t"e

mo$ile station poer m&st $e lar'e eno&'" to overcome ot"er mo$ile stations in t"e

$andidt" t"at is t"e receive si'nal in t"e *S m&st reac" E$?o 6ener'y per &ser $itto noise spectral density7 re%&ired $y t"e service demod&lation.

+ser Ks si'nal6E$ ? o7 ; = +ser Ks "andlin' 'ain ×

Total receive poer 6it"o&t its on si'nal7

T"e a$ove form&la can $e ritten intoG

> P ;6E$ ? o7 ; = ⋅

v ; = ; total − P ;

>"ere > indicates t"e c"ip rate 3.4 Mc"ip?s.

v; indicates &ser ;@s activation factor.

=; is &ser ;@s $it rate.

P; indicates receive poer for si'nals from &ser ;.

total indicates total $road$and receive poer it" t"e t"ermal noise poer incl&ded of

t"e *S.

From t"e a$ove form&la e ,no t"at t"e receive poer at t"e *S receive end s"o&ld

meet t"e folloin' form&la so t"at t"e &ser si'nal can meet t"e demod&lation

re%&irementG

1P ; = total

>1+

6E$ ? o7 ; = ;v ;

Define a connection load factor ;G

1 ; =

>1+6E$ ? o7 ; = ; v ;

; indicates t"e ratio of &ser si'nal poer to t"e total *S receive poer so a sin'le


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P ; = ; tatal&ser si'nal poer P; is represented to .

T"e total receive poer of all &sers from one cell isG

∑ P ; = ∑ ; tatal ;=1 ;=1

enerally t"e total receive poer at t"e *S receive end consists of in)cell &ser

interference poer o&t)cell &ser interference poer and *S t"ermal noise t"at isG

tatal = Pin + Pot"er + P

>"ere Pin indicates t"e total interference poer of in)cell &sers.

Pot"er indicates t"e total interference poer of o&t)cell &sers.

P indicates t"e *S t"ermal noise poer.

*eca&se t"e o&t)cell mo$ile station interference poer is not controlled $y t"e local

cell *S t"e interference is "ard to determine. enerally define t"e ratio of t"e

interference from ot"er cell to t"at of t"e local cell as t"e nei'"$or cell@s interferencefactor iG


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Define t"e &plin, load factor as

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1

η+ = 61+ i7∑ ; = 61+ i7∑>

;=1 ;=1 1+ F6E$ ? o7 ; = ;v ;

o

η r+ indicates t"e ratio of t"e &ser si'nal poer at t"e *S receive end to t"e total

mreceive poer of t"e $road$and.

u

T"en t"e noise liftin' can $e represented to l

1 a = =1−η+ =6d*7 = −1(


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Calc&late t"e %&antityCalc&late e%&ivalent

of e%&ivalent voice c"annelsintensity of services

in a cell

Calc&late t"e varianceT"e %&antity of virt&al

avera'e val&e and capacityc"annels in t"e sell

factor of t"e mi8ed service

:irt&al traffic A of t"e:irt&al traffic * of t"e cell

system

A?*

&m$er

of cells

Fi'&re 2.3)1 Flo C"art of Estimatin' +plin, Capacity

1 Calc&late t"e virt&al composite traffic of t"e system.

*eca&se vario&s services "ave different effects on system load s&c" an effect

can $e e%&ivalent to t"e effect of m&ltiple voice c"annels on system load. T"e

calc&lation form&la is as follosG

amplit&de serviceJ 6=service 8 E$?oservice 8 vservice7? 6=voice 8 E$?ovoice

8 voice7

>"ere = represents service rate.

E$?o represents %&ality factor of t"e service.

v represents t"e activation factor of t"e service at t"e p"ysical layer

Accordin' to t"e Campell t"eory t"e virt&al composite traffic of t"e system can

$e calc&lated.

2 Calc&late t"e %&antity of e%&ivalent voice c"annels provided $y a cell.

S&ppose t"at system capacity load is represented $y η t"e &plin, capacity


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form&la is as follos

1

η = 61+ f 7 ∑ > 1 1 ; 1+

= v E $ ;

o

>"ere η represents load factor f represents interference factor from an ad;acent

cell v represents activation factor and represents t"e %&antity of c"annels.

Accordin' to t"e a$ove form&la t"e %&antity of e%&ivalent voice c"annels

provided $y a cell can $e eval&ated.

3 Calc&late t"e %&antity of virt&al c"annels in every cell

*ases on t"e %&antity of e%&ivalent voice c"annels eval&ated in step 2 and t"e

folloin' form&la

voice c"annelJvirt&al c"annelC

>"ere voice c"annel is t"e %&antity of e%&ivalent voice c"annels

T"e %&antity of virt&al c"annels in every cell can $e eval&ated.

4 oo, &p Ta$le Erl * accordin' to t"e %&antity of virt&al c"annels eval&ated in

step 3 and 'et t"e %&antity of virt&al traffic in every cell.

- Calc&late t"e %&antity of cells

Accordin' to t"e virt&al composite traffic of t"e system eval&ated in step 2 and

virt&al traffic of every cell eval&ated in step 4 calc&late t"e %&antity of re%&ired

cellsG

t"e n&m$er of cellsJcomposite traffic?t"e virt&al Erlan' n&m$er every cell

T"e %&antity of *Ss re%&ired in t"ree sectors is calc&lated as follosG t"e

n&m$er of cells?3.

2.+ Donlin) Capacity Estimation

2.+.1 Analysis of Donlin) *oad

"en no poer in total *S

poer can $e allocated to a ne &ser air interface capacity reac"es its limit. T"at is to

say "en a *S transmits t"e total poer &sed for normal r&nnin' of all &sers e8ceeds


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t"e rated poer of t"e *S donlin, capacity reac"es poer limit. T"erefore donlin,

capacity is limited $y t"e total transmittin' poer of t"e *S.

Similar to t"e analysis met"od of &plin, capacity analysis of donlin, capacity starts

from t"e E$?o val&e re%&ired $y si'nal demod&lation. To correctly demod&late &sef&l

si'nals on t"e donlin, t"e mo$ile station m&st overcome interference from t"e

folloin' t"ree aspectsG interference ca&sed $y nonort"o'onality of t"e c"annel in a

cell interference of si'nals from t"e o&tside of t"e cell and t"ermal noise from t"e

mo$ile station. T"at is

tatal = 61−α7P + Pot"er + P

>"ere P represents total *S transmittin' poer.

Pot"er represents total interference poer of si'nals from t"e o&tside of t"e cell.

P represents t"ermal noise poer from t"e mo$ile station.

α represents %&adrat&re factor of t"e donlin,.

? = ; ;=1

>"ere > represents c"ip rate at 3.4 Mc"ip?s.

v;represents activation factor of t"e &ser ;.

= ;represents $it rate of t"e &ser ;.

α ;represents c"annel %&adrat&re factor from t"e &ser ;.

i ; represents t"e ratio of *S poer received $y t"e &ser ; from ot"er cell to t"at from


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t"is cell.

α ;*eca&se mo$ile stations are distri$&ted randomly in a cell and i ; are related to

t"e location of &sers. For t"e avera'e val&e of cell load factors adopt its similar

avera'e val&e in t"e "ole cell t"at isG

6E$ ? o7 ;

ηD = ∑v ; Q61−α7 + iR> ? = ;

;=1

>"ere α represents t"e avera'e %&adrat&re factor in a cell. enerally it is 0(O for

t"e m&ltipat" c"annel and !(O for t"e non)m&ltipat" c"annel. i represents t"e

avera'e ratio of t"e *S poer received $y t"e &ser from ot"er cell to t"at from t"is cell.

enerally it is --O for t"e omni antenna macro cell and 0-O for t"e t"ree)sector

antenna macro cell.

D&rin' t"e analysis of donlin, capacity estimation of *S transmittin' poer is t"e

most important. T"e estimated *S transmittin' poer is avera'e poer not pea, poer

at t"e cell $o&ndary $eca&se t"e transmittin' poer distri$&ted $y t"e *S for eac" &ser

is determined $y t"e avera'e loss from t"e *S to t"e mo$ile station and t"e sensitivity

of t"e mo$ile station.


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)

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v; represents activation factor of t"e &ser ;.

=; represents $it rate of t"e &ser ;.

n t"e case of a sin'le service eval&ate t"e c"annel %&antity provided $y every cell

&nder t"e ma8im&m alloed transmittin' poer accordin' to t"e form&la 627 and

f&rt"er eval&ate t"e total n&m$er of *Ss satisfyin' donlin, capacity re%&irements.

n fact t"e analysis of &plin, and donlin, lin, performances is a "ard process.

*eca&se t"e performance of donlin, depends on many $asic elements very m&c" itsanalysis cannot $e streamlined li,e t"e analysis of &plin,. T"e E$?o val&e ran'e of

donlin, is a parameter c"an'in' 'reatly it" movin' speed and m&ltipat" condition.

n addition t"e mo$ile station receiver does not &se antenna diversity. T"e reason "y

t"e re%&ired E$?o val&e c"an'es it" t"e mo$ile station is t"at at least to pat"s

cannot $e ens&red &nless it is clearly ,non t"at t"e mo$ile station is in soft "andoff or

softer "andoff stat&ses. S&c" a c"an'e randomicity of mo$ile station location and

interference level from t"e s&rro&ndin' cell ma,e t"e analysis of donlin,

performance complicated. n desi'nin' a very conservative concl&sion can $e 'otten

in t"e case t"e orst condition is considered. enerally estimate capacity after

analyin' t"e c"annel %&antity re%&ired $y &plin, capacity and o$serve "et"er t"e

donlin, can s&pport t"e mo$ile station to or, in t"e desi'nated covera'e area and

its c"annel %&antity reac"es t"e c"annel %&antity 'enerated $y t"e &plin,.

2.+.2 Donlin) Capacity and Scale Estimation

Donlin, estimation is a verification process. T"e process of donlin, capacity and

scale estimation is as follosG First calc&late t"e %&antity of e%&ivalent voice c"annels

to $e provided $y t"is cell in t"e c&rrent service model and t"en calc&late t"e %&antity

of e%&ivalent voice c"annels availa$ly provided $y t"e cell accordin' to t"e donlin,

poer calc&lation form&la and s&$se%&ently compare t"ese to res&lts. f t"e %&antity

to $e provided $y t"e cell is less t"an t"at availa$ly provided $y t"e cell it indicates

t"at donlin, poer is eno&'" and t"e c&rrent scale satisfies system capacity

re%&irements. f t"e former is lar'er t"an t"e latter it indicates t"at donlin, capacity

is limited. To ma,e donlin, poer eno&'" add some *Ss.

1 Calc&late t"e %&antity of e%&ivalent voice c"annels to $e provided $y every cell.

+nder t"e precondition of ,non reverse capacity and scale yo& can eval&ate

t"e traffic of vario&s services in every cell &nder s&c" a scale. T"en accordin'


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to t"e e%&ivalence of voice c"annels yo& can eval&ate t"e %&antity of e%&ivalent

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voice c"annels to $e provided $y every cell. T"is %&antity can $e calc&lated $y

folloin' several steps $elo

17 Calc&late t"e avera'e traffic of vario&s services in every cell accordin' to t"e *S

%&antity of &plin, and total traffic of donlin,.

Avera'e traffic of vario&s services in a cell =

TotalDonlin,Traffic

+plin,*aseStation5&antity ×3

>"ere t"e *S %&antity is t"e lar'er val&e $eteen estimated &plin, covera'e

and estimated capacity res&lt.

27 Accordin' to t"e Campell t"eory calc&late t"e virt&al Erlan' traffic in every cell.

T"e calc&lation met"od in t"is step is t"e same as t"at of &plin,.

37 oo, &p Ta$le Erl * accordin' to t"e virt&al Erlan' traffic in every cell

eval&ated in step 2 and calc&late t"e %&antity of virt&al c"annels in every cell.

47 Accordin' to t"e %&antity of virt&al c"annels eval&ated in step 3 and t"e

folloin' form&la

6Ci − ai 7Capacity =

c

yo& can eval&ate t"e %&antity of e%&ivalent voice c"annels to $e provided $y

every cell.

2 Calc&late t"e %&antity of e%&ivalent voice c"annels availa$ly provided $y t"e

cell.

Accordin' to t"e forard poer form&la

6E$ ? o7 ;

P v ; ∑ > ? = ; ;=1

P =

6E$ ? o7 ;1− v ; Q61− λ ; 7 +α ; R∑ > ? = ;

;=1

>"ere P represents t"e noise poer spectr&m density on t"e front of t"e

mo$ile station receiver and it can $e calc&lated $y t"e folloin' form&laG

P = 9T + F = −1/4.(d*m + F 6s&p poseT = 2!(97

F represents t"e noise coefficient of t"e mo$ile station receiver it" t"e typical


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val&e of - d* to ! d*.

represents t"e avera'e pat" loss "ic" is eval&ated $y s&$tractin' 0 d*m

from t"e ma8im&m pat" loss. λ ; represents t"e avera'e %&adrat&re factor.

enerally it is (.0 for t"e m&ltipat" c"annel and (.! for t"e non)m&ltipat"

c"annel.

α ; represents interference factor from an ad;acent cell. enerally it is (.-- for

t"e omni antenna macro cell and (.0- for t"e t"ree)sector antenna macro cell.

T"e %&antity of e%&ivalent voice c"annels availa$ly provided $y t"e cell can $e

calc&lated.

3 Compare t"e a$ove to res&lts. f t"e %&antity to $e provided $y t"e cell is less

t"an t"at availa$ly provided $y t"e cell it indicates t"at donlin, poer is

eno&'" and t"e c&rrent scale satisfies system capacity re%&irements. f t"e

former is lar'er t"an t"e latter it indicates t"at donlin, capacity is limited. To

ma,e donlin, poer eno&'" add some *Ss.


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3 Scale Estimation E,ample

3.1 Ass%med Conditions

S&ppose t"at t"e service model data of t"is area is as follosG

C"annel environmentG T+ 3 ,m?"

System desi'n loadG -(O

:oice service $loc,in' rateG (.(2O

nterference factor from t"e ad;acent cellG (.0-

5&adrat&re factorG (.0

Area of t"e city oneG 4(. s%&are ,ilometers

Services in t"is area are planned as follosG

+plin,G

:oice CS04 PS04?04 PS04?12 PS04?34

Data rate6,7 12.2 04 04 04 04

Activity factor (.0/ 1 1 1 1

E$?o 4./ 2./ 1.0 1.0 1.0

Forecast traffic 3((( 4(( 1(( - 2

Donlin,G

:oice CS04 PS04?04 PS04?12 PS04?34

Datarate6,7 12.2 04 04 12 34

Activity factor (.- 1 1 1 1

E$?o /./ /./ /.4 0.4

Forecast traffic 3((( 4(( 1(( 4( 2(


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3.2 Estimation Process

3.2.1 Estimation Flo C!art

np&tGsystem load re%&irment and

covera'e re%&irement

+plin, covera'e Donlin, covera'e +plin, capacity

estimation estimation estimation

5&antity of *Ss 5&antity of *Ss 5&antity of *Ss

satisfyin' &plin, satisfyin' donlin, satisfyin' &plin,

covera'e covera'e capacity

Compare t"e res&lts

and eval&ate t"e

lar'er one

*ased on traffic type *ased on poer

5&antity A of 5&antity * of

c"annels to $e c"annels availa$ly

provided $y every cell provided $y every

on t"e donlin, cell on t"e donlin,

oA*

Lse

End

Fi'&re 3.2)1 Estimation Flo C"art

3.2.2 Uplin) Covera&e Estimation1 Eval&ate t"e ma8im&m alloed pat" loss t"ro&'" lin, $&d'et


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T"e calc&lation form&la of &plin, $&d'et is as follosG

T"e ma8im&m alloed space pat" loss = mo$ile station transmittin' poer

6d*m7 + mo$ile station antenna 'ain 6d*7 − "&man $ody loss 6d*7 − *S feeder

loss 6d*7 + *S receivin' antenna 'ain 6d*i7 + soft "andoff 'ain 6d*7 − $&ildin'

or car $ody penetration loss 6d*7 − slo fadin' mar'in 6d*7 − poer control

mar'in 6d*7 − interference mar'in 6d*7 − *S receivin' sensitivity 6d*m7

:oice CS04 PS04 PS04?12 PS04?34

Ma8im&m transmittin'21 21 21 21 21

poer 6d*m7Transmittin'

Antenna 'ain 6d*i7 ( ( ( ( (end

#&man $ody loss 6d*7 2 ( ( ( (

Effective transmittin' poer 1! 21 21 21 21

T"ermal noise poer )1/4 )1/4 )1/4 )1/4 )1/4

spectr&m density 6d*m?#I7

T"ermal noise poer 6d*m7 )1( )1( )1( )1( )1(

=eceiver noise coefficient2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

6d*7=eceiver noise 6d*m7 )1(- )1(- )1(- )1(- )1(-

=eceivin'nterference mar'in 6d*7 3 3 3 3 3

end*it rate 6,$it7 12.2 04 04 04 04

Processin' 'ain 6d*7 24.! 1/./ 1/./ 1/./ 1/./

=eceivin' E$?o 6d*7 4.2 2./ 1.0 1.0 1.0

=eceiver sensitivity )124 )11 )11! )11! )11!

Antenna 'ain 6d*i7 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/

ine loss 4 4 4 4 4

Poer control mar'in 3 3 3 3 3

Soft "andoff 'ain 3 3 3 3 3


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,1 1-2.4

,2 44.0

,- )13.2

,0 )0.--

#eff 3(

91 and 92 parameters "ave 'reater effect on t"e $&d'et res&lt. >"ile 93 and 94 "ave

less effect so t"eir val&es are (.


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E $ $it rate for service × for service

(=elativeamplit&de=

E $ $it rate for amplit&de1× for amplit&de1

(

o$tain

voiceG 1

CS04G 04 8 1 8 1((.2/?12.2 8 (.0/ 8 1((.42 J -./0

PS04?04G 04 8 1 8 1((.10?12.2 8 (.0/ 8 1((.42 J 4.3

PS04?12G 04 8 1 8 1((.10?12.2 8 (.0/ 8 1((.42 J 4.3

PS04?34G 04 8 1 8 1((.10?12.2 8 (.0/ 8 1((.42 J 4.3

27 Calc&late t"e mean of composite traffic

mean = ∑erliai = 3(((×1+ 4((×-.0/ +1((×4.3+ -×4.3+ 2×4.3 = -/00.1i

37 Calc&late t"e variance of composite traffic

2 2 2 2variance = ∑erliai = 3(((×1+ 4((×-.0/ +1((×4.3 +-×4.3 + 2×4.3 =12/1./

i

47 Calc&late t"e capacity factor

capacity factor = variance?mean = 3.1/

-7 Calc&late t"e virt&al composite traffic of t"e system

composite traffic = mean?capacity factor = -/00.1?3.1/ = 11.!0 6Erl7

2 Calc&late t"e %&antity of e%&ivalent voice c"annels availa$ly provided $y t"e

cell

Accordin' to t"e &plin, load form&la

1

η = 61+ f 7 ∑ > 1 1 ; 1+

= v E $ ;

o

>"ere η = -(O and f = (.0-

'et t"e %&antity of e%&ivalent voice c"annels = -4

3 Calc&late t"e %&antity of virt&al c"annels in every cell


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Accordin' to


c

'et t"e %&antity of virt&al c"annels in t"e cell = 6-4 − 17?3.1/ = 10

4 oo, &p Ta$le Erl * accordin' to t"e %&antity of virt&al c"annels eval&ated in

step 3 and 'et t"e %&antity of virt&al traffic in every cell t"at is !.3 Erl.

- Calc&late t"e n&m$er of cells

&m$er of cells = :irt&al traffic of t"e system?virt&al traffic of every cell =

11.!0?!.3 = 10

T"e n&m$er of re%&ired t"ree)sector *Ss = 10?3 = 02

After t"e a$ove calc&lation e ,no t"at 4 stations are re%&ired for &plin,

covera'e. T"e eval&ated n&m$er of stations is less t"an 4 so it meets $ot"

covera'e and capacity re%&irements.

3.2.+ Donlin) Capacity Estimation

Donlin, capacity estimation is a verification process. >it" t"e donlin, poer

form&la verify "et"er t"e n&m$er of *Ss eval&ated from &plin, covera'e and

capacity $&d'et meets t"e poer re%&irement. Add *Ss &ntil donlin, poer meets

t"e re%&irement.

1 Calc&late t"e %&antity of e%&ivalent voice c"annels to $e provided $y every cell.

17 Calc&late t"e avera'e traffic of vario&s services in eac" cell accordin' to t"e *S

%&antity of &plin, and total traffic.

Avera'e traffic of vario&s services in every cell isG

:oiceG 3(((?4?3 J 11.! Erl

CS04G 4((?4 J 1.-! Erl

PS04?04G 1((?4 J (.4 Erl

PS04?12G 3-?4 J (.14 Erl

PS04?34G 2(?4 J (.(/! Erl

27 Calc&late t"e virt&al Erlan' traffic in every cell.


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E%&ivalent service intensity of eac" service on t"e donlin,

:oiceG 1

(.// (.//CS04G 04 8 1 8 1( ?12.2 8 (.0/ 8 1( J /.

(./4 (.//PS04?04G 04 8 1 8 1( ?12.2 8 (.0/ 8 1( J /.3

(.04 (.//PS04?12G 144 8 1 8 1( ?12.2 8 (.0/ 8 1( J 13.1

(. (.//PS04?34G 144 8 1 8 1( ?12.2 8 (.0/ 8 1( J -(

T"e mean of composite traffic is

Mean J 11.! ×1 + 1.-! × /. N (.4 × /.3 N (.14 × 13.1 N (.(/! × -(

J 33.(4

T"e variance of composite traffic is

:ariance J 11.!×1 + 1.-! × /.2 N (.4 × /.32 N (.14 × 13.12 N (.(/! ×

-(2 J 3--.1!

Capacity factor J variance?mean J 3--.1!?33.(4 J 1(./-

:irt&al traffic of t"e cell

composite traffic J mean?capacity factor J 33.(4?1(./- J 3.(/ 6Erl7

37 C"ec, Ta$le Erl * and o$tain t"at t"e %&antity of virt&al c"annels re%&ired $y

every cell is /

47 Calc&late t"e %&antity of e%&ivalent voice c"annels re%&ired $y eac" cell.

Accordin' to t"e form&la


c

eval&ate t"e %&antity of e%&ivalent voice c"annels isG / × 1(./- + 1 = /0.

2 Calc&late t"e %&antity of e%&ivalent voice c"annels act&ally provided $y every

cell.

Accordin' to t"e donlin, poer form&la


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6E$ ? o7 ;

P v ; ∑ > ? = ; ;=1

P = 6E$ ? o7 ;

1− v ; Q61− λ ; 7 +α ; R∑ > ? = ; ;=1

>"ere P represents t"e ma8im&m service transmittin' poer "ic" is 13 >.

P represents t"e noise poer spectr&m density on t"e front of t"e mo$ile station

receiver and its val&e is )10! d*m.

represents avera'e pat" loss "ic" is eval&ated $y s&$tractin' 0 d*m from

t"e ma8im&m pat" loss.

λ ;represents avera'e %&adrat&re factor "ic" is (.0 for t"e m&ltipat"

c"annel.

α ;represents interference factor from an ad;acent cell. t is (.0- for t"e

t"ree)sector antenna macro cell.


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met.

n t"e case t"e *S covera'e radi&s is 4(.? ?1.!- = (.4 9m

umts capacity estimation

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