UMBILICAL CORD STEM CELL

PRESENTED BY :- SINGH ABHISHEK.C Department of Biotechnology

Ismail Yusuf collegeMumbai University

INTRODUCTION

• Blood remaining in the umbilical cord and placenta after birth is called as Umbilical Cord Blood stem cell is also known as Cord Blood.

• The blood is rich in stem cells derived from the Umbilical Cord and placenta after birth.

• After the birth Umbilical Cord Blood taken from umbilical vein after cord is cut and clamped.

• UCB blood can be stored for 25 years.

• During prenatal development, the umbilical cord is physiologically and genetically part of the fetus and (in humans) normally contains two arteries (the umbilical arteries) and one vein (the umbilical vein), buried within Wharton's jelly.•The umbilical vein supplies the fetus with oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta.

•Conversely, the fetal heart pumps deoxygenated, nutrient-depleted blood through the umbilical arteries back to the placenta

Cross section of umbilical cord. Top right and top left: umbilical artery, bottom: umbilical vein, middle: remnant of allantois.

History• 1974 First report on stem/progenitor

cells in human cord blood.• 1988 First successful cord blood

transplant to regenerate blood and immune cells in Paris, France on a six-year-old boy suffering from Fanconi's Anemia, a blood disorder donor was his identical sister.

• At the time of the first transplant, little was known about the biologic properties of CB cells and it was thanks to the pioneering work of H. E. Broxmeyer and E. A. Boyse, who studied the progenitor cell content of CB.

• 1992 New York Blood Center establishes first public CB bank.

Edward .A. BoyseH. E. Broxmeyer

How to collect UCB cells

Diagnostic test for diseases. HIVHEPATITIS B HEPATITIS CSYPHILISHTLVCMV

Pregnant Mother

Blood sample

Blood sample in biohazardous bag

Cord blood collectionHealthy baby

How to preserve CB• After the collection, the cord blood

unit is shipped to the lab and processed, and then cryopreserved.

• However the unit is processed, a cryopreservant is added to the cord blood to allow the cells to survive the cryogenic process.

• cryoprotectants such as glycerol or dimethyl sulphoxide.

• After cryogenicprotectants added blood unit should be placed in freezer or extra cold vessel

• Eg :- Nitrogen liquid (-196 degree celsius)

CB blood contain• CB blood contain stem

cell which is also known as haematopoietic cell or progenitor cell.

• This stem cell further turn into different cells, like RBC, WBC, Monocytes, Lymphocytes, Platelet, B- cell, T-cell, NK- cell etc.

• This stem cell help to cure 80+ diseases.

APPLICATION

Stem cells can be stored and used to treat over 80+ diseases including leukemia,

lymphoma and more.

CB Bank in India• RELIANCE LIFE SCIENCE First public CB

bank(2002).• LIFE CELL INDIAS First CB bank (2004).• Cryobank International associated with RJ crop

and founded Cryobank India (2006)• Stemcyte Inc. USA associated with Apollo hospital

Ahmadabad found stemcyte India(2007).• Jeevan stem cell bank public as well as private.• CordCare bank founded by Pathcare pvt. Ltd is

public CB bank.

CB price in India• Not much difference in

price to preserve CB by different CB bank.

• Minimum 70,000 and maximum 1,50,000 Rupees.

• Its very cheap and amazing gift from parents to their children or baby.

Difference between private and public bank

Cord Blood Banking (Private)

• Costs $1000-2000 initially + ~$100/year

• Ownership of the blood retained by the family

Cord Blood Banking (Public)

• Cost: free• Blood donated and not

reserved for child or family• May be used for research in

some instances (read informed consent)

Some Transplant Centres in India• Tata Memorial Hospital,

Mumbai• Adyar Cancer Centre, Chennai• Apollo Specialty Hospital,

Chennai • Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad• Christian Medical College,

Vellore• R&R Army Hospital, New Delhi• AIIMS, New Delhi

• Inlaks Hospital, Pune • Armed Forces Medical College,

Pune• Sanjay Gandhi PGIMS, Lucknow.

Most Recent Application In India

1.Diabetes (National Centre for Cell Sciences, Pune University –

Dr. Ramesh Bhonde)2.Heart (Dr. Venugopal Rao – AIIMS)3.Liver Disease 4.Parkinson's Disease (Manipal Dr. Satish Totey)5.Spinal Cord Injury (AFMC, Pune)6.Stroke 7.Alzheimer's Disease

Something About HLA Test

Definition• The human leukocyte antigen test, also known as HLA, is a test

that detects antigens (genetic markers) on white blood cells. There are four types of human leukocyte antigens: HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, and HLA-D.

Purpose• The HLA test is used to provide evidence of tissue compatibility

typing of tissue recipients and donors. It is also an aid in genetic counseling and in paternity testing.

Precautions• This test may have to be postponed if the patient has recently

undergone a transfusion.

•PreparationThe HLA test requires a blood sample. There is no need for the patient to be fasting (having nothing to eat or drink) before the test.•RisksRisks for this test are minimal, but may include slight bleeding from the blood-drawing site, fainting or feeling lightheaded after venipuncture, or hematoma (blood accumulating under the puncture site).

Advantages

• Cord blood is a rich, natural, controversy-free source of life-saving stem cells.

• The collection of cord blood does not harm the mother or child, and does not interfere with the birthing process.

• Umbilical cord blood has the potential to cure over 80 diseases.• Recent research has shown tremendous potential for

cord blood stem cells to be used in regenerative medicine, which may cure even more diseases.

• cord blood is readily available when needed, if collected and banked.

• Cord blood stem cells are the “youngest” and most adaptable form of cells, and the body more readily accepts the cells into its system.

• Cord blood has a broader match potential than bone marrow, which means that the patient and donor do not have to be a “perfect match.”•Cord blood stem cells are more resistant to infection, have fewer side effects after the transplant and require fewer transplant drugs than bone marrow stem cells.•There are nearly 10 times as many blood producing cells in cord blood. Studies suggest that cord blood may also have a better ability to generate blood cells than bone marrow. This provides more opportunity for future medical advancements.

Disadvantages

• The main disadvantage of cord blood is that the volume collected is fixed and relatively small.

• Therefore, the number of stem cells available for transplantation is low compared to the number of cells that can be collected in customizable bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell harvests.

• It’s a very costly in private bank.• Risk of high contamination .• High risk to be missmatch genetic typing.

CONCLUSION• Source of stem cells from biological

waste.• Collection of cord stem cells is

painless. • Collection of cord stem cells is risk

free to mother and baby.• Cord blood stem cells are much

more tolerant to HLA tissue mismatching than bone marrow therefore leading to lower rate.

• Cord blood stem cells have a greater ability to differentiate into other cell types.

• Save Cord blood save your future• Cord blood stem cells are being used

in the treatment of 40 medical conditions with over 72 potential disease targets

REFFERENCE

• Umbilical cord blood wikkipedia• Placenta wikkipedia• Umbilical Cord wikkipedia• Americord Bank (US)• Jayanti Tokas, Puneet Tokas, Rubina Begum, Shailini Jain

and Hariom YadavDepartment of Biotechnology, JMIT, Radaur, Haryana,

India KITM, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India

• Christina Bemrich(Tinsley Harrison Research Society).• Elisabeth Semple, PhD Scientific Director Cells for Life Cord Blood Institute Toronto.• Cryo-Save India .com•Relicord.com•Jeevan stem cell bank.•Life cell stem cell •Stemcyte .com•parentsguidecordblood.org•bmt.umn.edu health.india.com•medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com•cordblood.findthebest.com•www.alphacord.com•www.newindianexpress.com•www.cordcareindia.com•www.pharmabiz.com•www.slideshare.net

THANK YOU