Luqman Yousuf Sp14-BSM-027

Sohail Abbas Sp14-BSM-031

Talha Ahmed Qureshi Sp14-BSM-025

Haroon Akram Sp14-BSM-001

Umayyad in Cordoba

Biggest country of Europe Al Andalus and Hispania Ruled out Spain for about 8 centuries Civilized and Charming Land

Umayyad in Cordoba

o Ruled by a cruel ruler Christian ruler “Roderick”o Musa Ibn Nusayr conquer Spain o General Tariq sailed for Spain with an army of 12,000 men.o Tariq defeated the army of Roderick o The Muslim rule started in 714 AD.

The long Muslim rule in Spain could be conveniently divided into three phases

The period of confusion and chaos: 714-756 AD (93-138 AH)

The golden era of power and progress: 756-1036 AD (138-428 AH)

The awful age of anarchy and annihilation: 1036-1492 AD (428-897 AH)

The period of confusion and chaos:

• The period of confusion and chaos started in 714 AD.• Which ended in 756 AD (138 AH).• Abd al-Aziz was appointed the first Amir of Spain.• But the chaos started just after the conquest.

Reasons of Chaos

Abd al-Aziz had married the widow of emperor Frederick. Inter-Muslim differences between Arabs and Berbers Clashes among Syrian and Madinite tribes Conflicts were started by the Christians of the Andulus.

Abdul al-Rahman al-Dakhil

Founder of Umayyad's dynasty Born near Damascus in SyriaSon of the Umayyad prince Mu'awiya ibn

Hisham Abdul Rahman survivedFled to Al-Andulus and join Berbers

revolt Became Emir of Al-Andulus

Abdul al-Rahman al-Dakhil

Abd al-Rahman managed to sneak into Spain. Al-Dakhil establishement Defeated the tottering Syrian government in Spain Captured the whole of Spain.

Rulers Of Umayyad DynastyAbd-al-Rehman I

Hisham I

Al Hakam I

Abd-Al-Rehman II

Muhammad I

Abd Allah Al-Mundhir

Muhammad I

Abd Allah Al-Mundhir

Muhammad

Abd-al-Rehman III

The Golden Era of Power and Progress (756-1036 AD)

Starts 756 AD (138 AH) under Abdul Rahman Solid foundations of a sovereign and progressive Umayyad government High caliber in administering System of law and justice

The Golden Era of Power and Progress

Knowledge and learning. Invited and celebrated scholars Spain became world centre of arts and sciences. Constructed magnificent mosques and beautiful buildings.i. Palace of Cordovaii. The great of Cordovaiii. Bridge of Guadalquiviriv. Charming garden outside the Cordoba city

Place Of Cordova

Hisham I

o 788-786o Andaluso Portion of franceo Battle of Lotuso Knowledge centero Scholarso Maliki School

Al Hakam

o 996-822o Lack of Leadershipo Leisure time activitieso Revolts and Tyrannyo Political disaster

Abd-al-Rehman II

o 822-855o Continued Northo Scholarso Developmento Eradicated Povertyo Build Navy

Al Hakam II

o Library Toledo• 600,000 + Bookso Public Education System• Free Schools• University Of Cordova• Scholars

Library Of Cordova

University Of Cordova

Abd al-Rehman III

o Last Ruler of Umayyad dynastyo Called him Caliph instead of Emiro United all Andaluso Super power nation o Scholars migrationo Obedient servant of the Calipho Naval Forceo Jiziya for Protectiono Declared himself Caliph

Economic System:

Social System

Paper System

Pump or Engine System

Mosque

Architecture

The awful age of anarchy and annihilation: 1036-1492 AD (428-897 AH)

Collapse of the amr Dynasty Starting in 1036 AD to 1492 AD The eventual exit of the Muslims from the Spanish scene Muslims got divided into about two dozen petty states Spanish Muslims were at daggers drawn with each other

Reasons of Collapse

Divisions of Muslims Muslims disunity short-sighted rulers luxury-loving rulers Muslim states used to clash with each other quite frequently Christian powers were busy uniting themselves against the

disarrayed Muslims.