Ultrasound -How does it work Gerald R. Aben, MD FACR Department of Radiology College of Osteopathic Medicine

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Ultrasound

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Diagnostic Ultrasound • High frequency sound waves emitted from

sound source (transducer) • Transducer placed on patient’s body • Sound waves echo off interfaces of internal

structures and return to transducer • Information is processed and displayed on a

monitor based on time and intensity of returning echo

• Special terms used on ultrasound reports • Echogenic, Hyperechoic, Hypoechoic,

Anechoic

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Ultrasound Principles

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Ultrasound Principles

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Ultrasound Principles

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Ultrasound Abdomen

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Diagnostic Ultrasound • Interfaces are the signal source • Major applications:

• Gall bladder evaluation • Fluid collections • Differentiation of cysts from solid • Fetal evaluation • Solid organ evaluation, heart, liver pancreas,

kidney • Doppler ultrasound particularly useful for

vascular flow

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Ultrasound Machine

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Ultrasound Machine in use

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US 1st Trimester Fetus

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Cystic Hygroma

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Brain Parenchymal Hemorrhage

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Normal Liver US

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Normal Liver – Common Duct

Common Duct

Portal Vein

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Normal Gallbladder Ultrasound

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Gall Bladder US Gallstones

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Gallstones • Ultrasound upper

abdomen • Longitudinal scan • Round echogenic

structures in gallbladder = stones (arrows)

• Acoustic shadowing (lines)

• Bile is dark (anechoic)

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Normal Renal US

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Normal Right Kidney

Normal Renal US

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Normal Right Kidney

Renal Cyst

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vessels

Uterus outlined

Endovaginal Imaging

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Pelvic Ultrasound IUD

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Pelvic Ultrasound

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The Older Patient

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Appendicitis

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Mucoceole Appendix

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Testicular Torsion/ Infarction

Bright echo related to infarction

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