ultra-precise clock synchronization via distant entanglement selim shahriar, project pi franco wong,...
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ULTRA-PRECISE CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION VIA DISTANT ENTANGLEMENT
Selim Shahriar, Project PIFranco Wong, Co-PIRes. Lab. Of Electronics
DARPA QUantum Information Scienceand Technology
May 2004 / Chicago
Selim Shahriar, subcontract PIDept. of Electrical and Computer EngineeringLaboratory for Atomic and Photonic TechnologiesCenter for Photonic Communications and Computing
Ulvi Yurtsever, “subcontract” PIJet Propulsion Laboratory
Http://lapt.ece.nwu.edu/research/Projects/clocksynch
Dr. Marco Fiorentino, Dr. Frieder Konig,Taehyun Kim (GS)
Dr. George CadosoDr. Prabhakar PradhanDr. Venkatesh GopalDr. Gaur TripathiKen Salit (GS)Jacob Morzinski (GS)Ahmed Hasan (US)
Dr. John DowlingDr. Chris AdamiDr. Robert GringichDr. Attila BergouDr. Hwang LeeDr. Demetri Strekalov
POGRAM SUMMARY
Picosecond scale synchronization of separated clocks, and remote frequency-locking will increase the resolution of GPS systems
Quantum memory will be produced with a coherence time of upto several minutes, making possible high-fidelityquantum communication and teleportation
Sub-pico-meter scale resolution measurement of amplitudeas well as phase of oscillating magnetic fields would enhance the sensitivity of tracking objects such as submarines
Non-deg Teleportation
Bloch-Siegert Oscillation
Frequency Teleportation
Relativist Entanglement
Decoherence in Clock-Synch
YR1 YR3YR2
Entangled Photon Source
CLOCK A CLOCK B
f
TRAPPED RB ATOM QUANTUM MEMORY
ULTRA-BRIGHT SOURCE FOR ENTANGLEDPHOTON PAIRSDEGENERATE DISTANT ENTANGLEMENT BETWEEN PAIR OF ATOMSQUANTUM FREQUENCY TELEPORTATION VIA BSO AND ENTANGELEMENTRELATIVISTIC GENERALIZATION OF ENTANGLEMENT AND FREQUENCY TELEPORTATIONSUB-SHOT-NOISE TIME SIGNALING VIA ENTANGLEDFREQUENCY SOURCE
POTENTIAL BENEFIT
PROJECT ELEMENTS
TIMELINE OF EFFORT
Entanglement variation can be used to account forRelativistic ---including Doppler --- effect withoutHaving to measure velocity separately, thus increasingAccuracy of Time Transfer
tt1 t2
A
1
3
THE BLOCH-SIEGERT OSCILLATION
“Driver Phase Correlated Fluctuations in the Rotation of a Strongly Driven Quantum Bit," M.S. Shahriar, P. Pradhan, and J. Morzinski, to appear in Phys. Rev. A
KEY STEP OF PROTOCOL: USE BSO SIGNATURE TO TELEPORT PHASE INFORMATION
A
1 2
3
B
1 2
3
BAt 31)(
t
t
ALICE:
BOB:
t3 t4
t1 t2
t5 t6
t7 t8
BABA
t 2
1)( BA
t 1)(
RESULT OF THE PROTOCOL:
BOB
f
“Physical Limitation to Quantum Clock Synchronization,” V. Giovanneti, L. Maccone, S. Lloyd, and M.S. Shahriar, Phys. Rev. A 65, 062319 (2002)
“Wavelength Teleportation via Distant Quantum Entanglement Using the Bloch-Siegert Oscillation ” M.S. Shahriar, P. Pradhan, V. Gopal, J. Morzinski, G. Cardoso, and G.S. Pati under review for Physical Review Letters
0.35 mm hole
Rb
Oven
1 mm hole~1 mm~1 mm
Liquid N2 Cold Trap
4.5 mm
7 mm
16.5 mm
RF coil
Nozzle Collimator
~15 cm ~15 cm
Fluorescence
Imaging lens
uB(t)
Atomic beam
Opticalpumping
APD
Probe beamRF coil
EXPT APPARTUS FOR OBSERVATION OF BSO USING RB ATOMIC BEAM
USE ZEEMAN SUBLEVELS
THERMAL VELOCITY SPREAD DOESNOT CAUSE BSO WASHOUT
REASON: BSO MAPS PHASE AS SEENBY AN ATOM AT THE LOCATION ANDTIME IT IS DETECTED --- VIA FLUORESCENCE
BSO FOR AN RF-EXCITED THREE LEVEL SYSTEM
F=1, m=-1
F=1, m=0
F=1, m=+1 m=0
F=1, m=-1
F=1, m=0
F=1, m=+1 m=0
F=1, m=-1
F=1, m=0
F=1, m=+1 m=0
F=1, m=-1
F=1, m=0
F=1, m=+1 m=0
F=1, m=-1
F=1, m=0
F=1, m=+1 m=0
F=1, m=-1
F=1, m=0
F=1, m=+1 m=0
2-LEVEL
3-LEVEL
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP FOR ANALYZING RABI-FLOPPING AND BSO
6061A RF synthetizer 1
Freq. = f
50 WAmplifier
Standing Wave meter
Coil around atomic beam
Fluorescence
APD13.5*105 V/W
SR560 1 MHzPreamp and filters
6061A RF synthetizer 2Freq. = f +
Correlated within10 Hz
Low-pass filter
Sin(t(scope)
Spectrum Analyser
Fluorescence spectrum(scope)
Phase syncronization
BSO signal Rabi flopping
6061A RF synthetizer 1
Freq. = f
50 WAmplifier
Standing Wave meter
Coil around atomic beam
Fluorescence
APD13.5*105 V/W
SR560 1 MHzPreamp and filters
6061A RF synthetizer 2Freq. = f +
Correlated within10 Hz
Low-pass filter
Sin(t(scope)
Spectrum Analyser
Fluorescence spectrum(scope)
Phase syncronization
BSO signal Rabi flopping
Atomic Beam
Probe Laser
Lens
APD
RF
Bo sin (t +)
Io sin (2t +2)
Atomic Beam
Probe Laser
Lens
APD
RF
Bo sin (t +)
Io sin (2t +2)
Lens
APD
RF
Bo sin (t +)
Io sin (2t +2)
0 2 4 6 8 10
Ato
mic
Flu
ores
cenc
e (a
rb. u
nits
)
Time (s)
F=2
F=1
RF
F=1
F=1
RF
F=0
F=1trigger
Atomic Beam
Probe Laser
Lens
APD
RF
RF source frequencydoubler
oscilloscope
signal
DIRECT OBSERVATION OF THE BSO AT 2 IN REAL TIME
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
Ato
mic
Flu
ores
cenc
e (a
rb. u
nits
) (b)(a)
0.8T
Time (s)
trigger
Atomic Beam
Probe Laser
Lens
APD
RF
RF source frequencydoubler
oscilloscope
signal
0.4T delay line (a)
DIRECT, LOCALIZED MEASUREMENT OF PHASE OF RF FIELD
“In-Situ Observation of the Absolute Phase of a Microwave Field via Incoherent Fluorescence Detection" G. Cardoso, P. Pradhan, and M.S. Shahriar, under review for Nature.
TWO SEPARATE TRAPS FOR ALICE AND BOB
FORT
MOT
LAUNCH
QMG
FORT
MOT
LAUNCH
QMGFORT
MOT
LAUNCH
FORT
MOT
LAUNCH
MOT
LAUNCH
“Long Distance, Unconditional Teleportation of Atomic States Via Complete Bell State Measurements,” S. Lloyd, M.S. Shahriar, J.H. Shapiro and P.R. Hemmer, Phys. Rev. Letts.87, 167903 (2001)
|a>
|b>
L L
d
vx
π/2 π
π/2
1 1 1
2 22
1
2
BCI
CI
|a>
|b>
x
z
|a>
|b>
L L
d
vx
π/2 π
π/2
11 11 11
22 2222
11
22
BCI
CI
|a>
|b>
x
z
A SINGLE-ZONE, CONTINUOUS ATOM-INTERFEROMETER
“Continuously Guided Atomic Interferometry Using a Single-Zone Optical Excitation: Theoretical Analysis," M.S. Shahriar, M. Jheeta, Y. Tan, P. Pradhan, and A. Gangat, under review for Physical Review A.
A SINGLE-ZONE, CONTINUOUS ATOM-INTERFEROMETER
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.020.02
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
Distance x (m)
CO
M D
ispl
acem
ent (m
)
|a>
|b>
|a>
|b>
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
-1 0 1
l/l
η
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.020.02
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
Distance x (m)
CO
M D
ispl
acem
ent (m
)
|a>
|b>
|a>
|b>
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.020.02
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
Distance x (m)
CO
M D
ispl
acem
ent (m
)
|a>
|b>
|a>
|b>
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
-1 0 1
l/l
η
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
-1 0 1
l/l
η
AA
BB
a
b
3035 MHz
121 MHz
F=3
F=2
DOP
R1
R2
F’=4F’=3
1517.5 MHz
OP GALVOSCANNER
D
PM
T
R1
R2A
B
DEMONSTRATION OF THE SINGLE-ZONE, CONTINUOUS ATOM-INTERFEROMETER
-0.0095 -0.0090 -0.0085 -0.0080 -0.0075
Unit: SecU
nit:
Arb
Uni
t: A
rb
A
B
-0.0095 -0.0090 -0.0085 -0.0080 -0.0075
Unit: SecU
nit:
Arb
Uni
t: A
rb
AA
BB
Phase Scan
Atom Interferometer
M-Z Interferometer
Rotation at rate causes fringe minimum to shift by
“Demonstration Of A Continuously Guided Atomic Interferometer Using A Single-Zone Optical Excitation," M.S. Shahriar, Y. Tan, M. Jheeta, J. Morzinksy, P.R. Hemmer and P. Pradhan, under review for Phys. Rev. Letts
THE SINGLE-ZONE INT REVISITED: TWO-LEVEL MODEL
|a, 0>=|A>
|e, k >=|E>
At Start: |> = |A> |1>
After Excitation:
|> = Cos(/2)|A> |1> + Sin(/2)|E> |0>
= 2 U m /
* Replace 2-lev with 3-lev system in practice
** Replace single atom with ensemble possibly
“Single-Photon, Single-Atom Interferoemetry for Entangling Macroscopic Rotors,“M. S. Shahriar, P. Pradhan, and R. Nair to be submitted to Phys. Rev. Letts.
SINGLE-ZONE ATOM-INTERFEROMETRY FOR FREQUENCY LOCKING
Bob
Alice
a b
a b
A
B
EPP-Source
A-Clock A
B-Clock B
Post-Selection Correlation: Cos[B-A) ]
Enables Asynchronous Frequency Locking
Will Require Ensemble Interaction to Enhance Single Photon Coupling Rate
Summary on entanglement sources
• Demonstrated an ultrabright source of polarization-entangled photons– Total output flux is entangled without spectral, spatial, or
temporal filtering– novel configuration with bi-directional pumping and collinear
propagation– 795-nm center wavelength for coupling to trapped Rb
• Demonstrated extended phase matching in PPKTP– 100 nm phase-matching bandwidth for second harmonic
generation– setting up to demonstrate coincident-frequency entanglement
and full recovery of HOM dip in pulsed pumping
Ultrabright dual-pump downconversion source
…with a new twist
PPKTP source• Type-II collinear downconversion• One crystal with bi-directional pumping• Outputs are completely indistinguishable• Entanglement is independent of direction of
emission and wavelengthPPKTP
Split pump
I1
I2S1
S2
|HV + ei |VH2
| =
An old idea…• Combine two identical sources
|HV + ei |VH2
| =
Dual-pump SPDC experimental setup
UV pump interferometercontrols the phase :
singlet or triplet
quant-ph/0309071
P P K T P
S 1
I 1
I 2
S 2
Id ler
U Vd etecto r
C o u n ter-p ro p a g a tin g p u m p s
P B S
In terferen ce filter
Ir is
P o la r iza tio n a n a ly zer
H W P
Characteristics of dual-pump SPDC
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Iris diam eter (m m )
0
4000
8000
12000
16000
0 2 4 6 8 10
Iris diam ete r (mm )
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
79 4 79 6 79 8 80 0Signa l w ave len gth (n m)
Id ler wavelength (nm )
79 8 79 680 0 79 4
Vis
ibili
ty
Coi
n. c
ount
s (s
mW
)
Vis
ibil
ity
High flux Wavelength independent
Almost independent of aperture size
Quality of dual-pump polarization entanglement
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250
deg
Coi
ncid
ence
s/s
Bell’s inequality measurements
0.76 mW pump power; 3-nm filter; aperture size = 3.1 mm
S = 2.599 ± 0.006
SUMMARY OF PROGRESS
Demonstration of Launch and catch FORT, as precursor to singletrapped atoms
Observation and Analysis of BSO in an atomic beam under multi-level excitation
Demonstration of A Compact, High Flux Source for Polarization Entangled Photon Pairs at 795 for Entangling Rb Memory Elements
Developed Model For How Entanglement Variation Can Be Used To Infer Relativistic Effects And Correct For Them
Construction of a Pair of Integrated Cavity-Fort for Remote Frequency Locking
Demonstration of a Single-Zone Atom-Interferometer
Developed a Model for Using a Frequency Entangled Source For Enhanced-Accuracy Timing Measurement
Developed Technique for Producing The Frequency Entangled Source
Built a Pair of Traps for Single Atom Plus Cavity for Freq Teleportation Developed Technique for Freq Teleportation via Single Atom Interferometry
“Long Distance, Unconditional Teleportation of Atomic States Via Complete Bell State Measurements,” S. Lloyd, M.S. Shahriar, J.H. Shapiro and P.R. Hemmer, Phys. Rev. Letts.87, 167903 (2001)
“Wavelength Teleportation via Distant Quantum Entanglement Using the Bloch-Siegert Oscillation ” M.S. Shahriar, P. Pradhan, V. Gopal, J. Morzinski, G. Cardoso, and G.S. Pati under review for Physical Review Letters
“Physical Limitation to Quantum Clock Synchronization,” V. Giovanneti, L. Maccone, S. Lloyd, and M.S. Shahriar, Phys. Rev. A 65, 062319 (2002)
“Driver Phase Correlated Fluctuations in the Rotation of a Strongly Driven Quantum Bit," M.S. Shahriar, P. Pradhan, and J. Morzinski, to appear in Phys. Rev. A.
MOST RELEVANT PUBLICATIONS/PREPRINTS
“In-Situ Observation of the Absolute Phase of a Microwave Field via Incoherent Fluorescence Detection" G. Cardoso, P. Pradhan, and M.S. Shahriar, under review for Nature.
“Super Efficient Absorption Filter for Quantum Memory using Atomic Ensembles in a Vapor," A. Heifetz, A. Agarwal, G. Cardoso, V. Gopal, P. Kumar, and M.S. Shahriar, to appear in Optics Communications
“Continuously Guided Atomic Interferometry Using a Single-Zone Optical Excitation: Theoretical Analysis," M.S. Shahriar, M. Jheeta, Y. Tan, P. Pradhan, and A. Gangat, under review for Physical Review A.
“Demonstration Of A Continuously Guided Atomic Interferometer Using A Single-Zone Optical Excitation," M.S. Shahriar, Y. Tan, M. Jheeta, J. Morzinksy, P.R. Hemmer and P. Pradhan, under review for Phys. Rev. Letts
“Single-Photon, Single-Atom Interferoemetry for Entangling Macroscopic Rotors,“M. S. Shahriar, P. Pradhan, and R. Nair to be submitted to Phys. Rev. Letts.
"Negligible Bloch-Siegert oscillation in an effective two level Lambda system : An advantageous platform for fast and precise rotation of a qubit," P. Pradhan, G. Cardoso, J. Morzinski, and M.S. Shahriar , under review for J. Opt. Soc. Am. B.
R. Jozsa, D.S. Abrams, J.P. Dowling, and C.P. Williams, Phys. Rev. Letts. 85, 2010(2000)
U. Yurtsever and J.P. Dowling, “ Lorentz-invariant look at quantum clock synchronization protocols based on distributed Entanglement,”quant-ph/0010097
V. Giovannetti, S. Lloyd, L. Maccone, and F.N.C. Wong,"Clock Synchronization with Dispersion Cancellation," Phys. Rev. Letts. 87, 117902 (2001)
Robert M. Gingrich and Christoph Adami "Quantum Entanglement of Moving Bodies," Physical Review Letters, 89, 270402 (2002)
Attila J. Bergou, Robert M. Gingrich, and Christoph Adami "Entangled Light in Moving Frames," To appear in Phys Rev. A.
Ulvi Yurtsever "The Holographic Entropy Bound and Local Quantum Field Theory", http: //xx.lanl.gov/abs/gr-qc/0303023
“Generation of ultrabright tunable polarization entanglementwithout spatial, spectral, or temporal constraints,” Marco Fiorentino,. Ga´etan Messin, Christopher E.Kuklewicz, Franco N. C. Wong, and Jerey H. Shapiro, submitted to Phys. Rev. Letts