ulrich beck logic of weath risk distribution

8/4/2019 Ulrich Beck Logic of Weath Risk Distribution

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1ON TH l.OlG1C OFW'EAtTIH,D IS TR JB IU T'IO 'N A ND R IS K

D1STRIB 'UTI ,ON10. adan~d l l i todefui ty ['IU: 50: ial ' t ' , "*dt l ' ,Ct lOIl ofKl'i'alrh 18 S Y l l U : W i B : l : i ;: ! d ! ys .;;o o mp iJ me d b y l Ie s oc ia l p ~Q d lm :ri o'l l orri-Jib. Ac: :cordiq . l~ T : l i l e [ l f o 6 I e r o c ! ia~InRkts rc!atm,g to disldb\ill' li!l:l~ in n ~CC1~t'Y Q f :5carei ty overlap w i , t J : IIhl probl.em~ and o o n i l i c l : S , lha~ ,anse 'from d;'I~Inoduc t i on . defmitiw M,dd in ibu 1iQ ln o f techn~'Oi,e11lti:fi~I}' p:roducM ri ' l .!r." fh i s t l1iaRse ' fmw the : Iog t c o lr wealth t lnri~lt l~C\Din a i S C ' l r c i i : t y ( ; I i s c i H " C i t y

tel ' I. h ~ l o g i c of !risk: M'ETi i t iU l i orJ i' G l a - t i e '!lIO~'t:t i s o o n n ec t re o a l, 'ni5 lorieai l )l 'IIIl(a' l least) tWa oond ij 'l io l l ls" f i ' l'S l , i'~ eceurs - as is re()~able t o 'd a ;. v -whc;;e and to , ' lh il !: C:Kum,t L h r u : IZrm,II;~e li'N1I~tial fleed can be e b j e i ; t 1 " c l j 'r cd r. uc ed a nd s(J:eial l , i~(),I ' lued th l i ough t i le d i '! y e l. o pn n :l l J: or human 1'A .d~ ~ b n o L og i ca I p ,r o d. u. C Ii 'Y i lY . a s w~l as tbrol lS,h l~sal an d wclr


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acb.ow1e"daif i l i l . a,' I 'oidlinl o r gOIl~5 :W~b ' li I. aza rd s with lI~ed '[0.iPec ia l ly t lI c fr i iD e . . d i i 1 Io r i z :c m (If F C ! 1 e v " J I ! l f l ! ( l ~ "[h~prO!lOile d :f secLlri lY g r o ' W sv f . i t : 1 i t 1111);isks ~nd.de~t[u~~on ;md m U~t be 'reaffirm ed o ve r and! ,OIV,er381MB~ o an . ~ ' al ld e ri ri 'C 'aJ l Pu b'~ : 'tIl!)O. el : l ! l ,me~~cor l I1ealmterv ,mt i l) .n~ ~fI theU:Chlli1l'~Cn{.lm1~ aev~IO'JiIment.,B otb ' 'P 'i U 'a d iSm 5 ' o f iftqqllJalil:ll' lU ' ! c Y5tem:ati!cfJ.!li~ re lated to de fun te :ptrio~ O 'i ~'oll iemizatiol1, T he d iS lr ib uL im ii o f Sioelauy pt -od' I lLOOl: i I~a.hhHind f~la!'l.:ed ,oon.f1. j i; l :s I'c~a~llJ' 'I:h.~ fO'.WIl!g,riOLind :roI.oIllK M ( !b lo '. ii OU~; m.a:~eil'iiruneedt dli,l. dW t3 i[ or sb .ip oif Sl~ f~ ' ~ ii'i:! il,~ '~!he r'.I1iibUS~II.an d : a ! : l l i C J l I I Q 'f IlCOfll~(as, Kld~ iilil.lm'"g,tpafh, of t . 'M ~.cau. 'ed Thlli'd Worldl)". ~JrUU:t!l!fithd l :S~ c~l'1Id.i-tinillllof'~ty SOi~'" t lw e ! l1 .o li emma 'I l. Q Il I p r oe~ !l la k le s p~ ~: (i with th~, ch um .o f openilllg t h e - gales t o h id ' Il iJ I :Sllii.rn~ ~f socia l W~ilmJ:bwW b Iblll' ~ey$o f t c dmf i ! ' ie i e f l lr i 'f i ~ d(l'telop,~!lit, T i ie 5 c p rom is e S : 'o , { em a. 'I 'I ci pa li :o a ( [( u nund:~di poverty aJnd,d.nd~i!! i U n I : I I C T I i e , a a i o l ' l ! . ltu:nJghlt3:!l4 r~talcb,l n ' hI :! , c raoo,go. r i . ' 1 , l ; ! i of s a c i j a l l i ne ~ ua L i' !j '. f rom t he e la ss thro. rn a ~u:alifioo~(I libe ~id\lanO!:ed ,l O cilltli'.

] 11 th ~ ! l l, SQ1l0J risks, ~ot.~bal danBlC'rS w~e- , [Jwt 1 I . r i . s 1 : ~D r ,a U o f . Ii IU :mBmt) ' I i' l1 o m m l l ., i: 'l e a r 'Imoll or " e sE ,orage oft J i o s e fir'; rn ~ d rlI. d' j, ~I"" b d r . t '_.. ;,ii::iii'f~ w ,w ;, iA ! . . ~Iml j !:al ,erp ilif ..O . ' . ! .I II CO W 'O I! '. ~. n~.~ Iiii'!, a eoe 0~r....._. '1 < r ~'" r .. lll 1"I!lra~'~f)I' aJld rtdr!(aIl'Lnre, :l1ot tne t~ruart ,0. se,.1 . ' J i ! ,sU' ' l l lmOO ''0. ;:Yo life Q i I 1 JEluh. . r " , . , ~ . I.. 'f'ore.stii O i J ' I 4 ' ailS,1) b ~1iI d,Yi.IiI!JO'r 5 0 i m e , 'C - e O t i !l ;l 'l e 'S !llO W - IL l j i s t hiiiJ)l!I!gh:Mipg l r~n s f :Cmled i nt o. u c ld ,s " dtt3 till r e u g h r e ek le ss ( ) ' 'I ' e n : . I, t u m g . BI ! .I~hedeaill of CO I ' , l ' (\(Ida, O,eCi~ g l o . b a . / ' i J I " as [he fmplidl o o~ Qu em .Q e o fi nd ~ tr l~ i2 ll t' i0 1' l - wi r iD q u iM mffi!l !reBt socii] and , l : 1 I l 1 , i t i c am coueql leiu: :e. s,t(ea,! l i ly woodEd counfries l iib Norw,I!}i ' ;and SW ed' I ! I l , whlc:b h . i 1 . f \ ~ U y ha,!!i l . f I ! l ' l 1 I " o ! l u l a _ n t - ~ I i 1 J l ; e ! ' J j s h ' l l induStries ,o f (heir (I/'I'i'D" ~u'e a I D s o a rf rG C ' l H i. Th~ha~~ te !fn tle up 'till! poU l l1 l ion ac.OOUlIlt5 of lJ~her l i i . i g i h l : ! ' i r .u ius , t r i


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!LIVING ON TH E V01(J\NO OF CIVIUZAnON'p.o crty ris.k ' - ! ,., ept I~e: l l ine! .enl1i l CC'!1 l i lW) hold ing , j,[8 tv.re-a~h. 'Th:reatst ~O' , sI d 11 11 a nd ' he al tl h! rub" have long been il dl~Dl~'0:[ , a u U l , ~ u U : i Q ' 1 I It PfOCC.SS.es alld 'lh!l!~rl!!~ab!d'SJOCi.aI CC l l l r u~ t ~ i : iPffl.I!CliO'li l_!i (and ~aK .. ott) . ]1, I l i I " I i I~ ta :!o :~ sO im~ ~ ' i. l' I II ,eElnd s t ru~.e : te ~ !ta'b[ js b ,$ iOC 'l !a 1 .W,elIfar,iS : i i i I < l 1 t ( : ' norms ;}I'!dmifiim.be 0 , ( , t imi t t ~ e 5 e t i n G t s of risk poUli.cally. NiW e r t h: ~ I !S . tll~e o o f ( l ' caj, .rd'-,' ~ e c h . r isks dU~( & . a V Il :' l W l J !I se t 1 I I: I. e publ ic e i : r r ~(l,me: Y C ~ GRI i )W , wl!1iclli "'Iill b.~ ! . h e focus of WJ : I 3~ . i lcdlows" have a n e . w i 1 J . 1 ! J a B i i t Y [1 I t h eaff l ie l io:ns fhro~uc~ ' Ih _ e t ie no . [0. e' f t i ,ed to Ihe i r o, l :8a:oE Q~i (thl!!lrlls~~SFlUU, BJ' tltlei:r rHI1!l.'I 'l!tie, e n , d ) a 1 l ! i S r Q ' l f ~Qr:rn!Ulf~i~QD[~ ' i l .,!!!.1mel. The nonnat ive ba5~ df [bwr ealcl!!luiOn - the ceneepi of 3Gcid:Cf l l t{lf1!d msJVaB~~ " Pl~dieaL p:reCiiliIllUOD:lS, and ~:O on - do n,oL lit th e bMic( l imens j,J)m of lhes~ mbd ! el ' 'I 1 ~h r- e aL ". A~omk p l r u U . l i . t":or t l ! :J : < l J m p ~ t : \ 3 , b ' 1 l l Dfo r p r i i ' o a . I ; e ~ : : rl l l s u r e d e r i ns ur ab le . A t il m il ie I D :l c id e i dU a rc acddenls n O I n O I l" C l (i ntb ~ n n l i . t e d : s ; e i 1 l ~ eo f ~ : h I , t l ! o \ r o r i i 1 'a .c dd e n t ' ) . . TI .e~y JO l l d l ! JS l ~ rue i l '~U ] ( J J ' ls ; . Th e !f f~t .ea EYli:lII include ' tho ..~ noi ' y e t a!iv.e !It t he l im . ., Olin th e J l ace whe'l\e- : [ !c: -cld l iml !J~l!ff'i 'ed ' In bo rn !fear! ~ale] ' m 'ld W oo s d ' i ! l lanres away .Th~s , ! 'fII,eam; l i Ia ( ~he. ~ ~ u l l a t i D n D r ( ' risk ~ it. ha s boon ~8bl j lShed 1 9 1 0 , fu

~ s(:]~PC (i an d ~egal inst i 'lUtions,(NJllaps:es.Dcati:ng y ,' ~t b t bl ". S C 'OOI lS 'e '"(l1'~eM!';~ ' ! ; I f m'l:Hlem: , .rOthll~tlW IU],d dest t ' l lcrivJ(l , f!.ll'OeS i l l i l l rlii.'i!:nOmla l t e : 1 ' I ' BSi l I r risk ' is 8 false bu t neV. r th e le s s v e ry le f fecdy t '!~ .~ o f legiirimh!. 'imtgtnem.Risk C~e!!liti1.s normWJi , . . . -do 50 3; i Ihere:is m ' a .o l the gap o .f a cfmtur~'~~:l~J[ the 1.oc:a'1l ! I t t :ide~ ' t s o f the mml'i:t~tmh ~~l1Itllll'9.n d [ 1l ~ o fl e~ c r- ,e ie ~~ng. ,clwtmplne pOoor ih Is at me ' end of tlll.~ Iwenl re l : i1 :foo:nn1'. I nd e e d .~f -yO'~ , d ; ~ ~ i s h b e tw e en c a J. cu l .! lh le a ! ' l , d nC .RKt 9 lI c tl .1 a b h ; : . ' I. h f' O O I S . l II !. d @ r th es~rfa;C4 of risk ca lC \! la :tlo _ n ~w k in ds o f im : ilJ91. l 'i o l 'h f !d . , t i iJ ( js i'Ot l !- f )FOdut f !dIf l ta{r~lkibNiJr~r1s.0,1(1 ait6Ql$ a'il,t!: s j lT1!Eld ' i~g ,wi l~ in the: g 1 o ba ' !: in l io T l o f ' h i W a zrisk mi~J.rles. wileche;r f e n ' \iHlrr~reor we1fare pU l! 'D O 'S e cS .M~ We ' bI !r '~IiIl.Q Cpl_@ r ~'oiiaJi~ion .1110 lo ng er ,g rasps this IruI1l ' I l i' I i !l l i em rea l iTY ,p to d uQe l :l b il f ~ u ~ ~e $ $' fi jl mlki iDa ' l~aH.o i l l . ~/onj' 'Il 'ir/r lhe Mtnlli~,!gmeadzyo f r e d 'm i 'C . tH ,(J{J'.fimlJ; tZ.~kmrilman.t(J(j groh ,&, : t h C 2 i .ru:: :aI~ultl 'blJ.wud #Itir

1 'f;on~9)~wices.CDm~ EQ these global c . o n s ~ q u e m : e s , d'ii! ,IIMal'ds of" "mary i nG II I. J !l 'I :r i :ab i zru :i o findeed .b elo ng ed u " ~ d l~ ffir re lU ,~ (!. T he d a~ rsof l iI ' igh ly dc\, 'eIQped . D l ll de a.r B U rl C ' l lem l ca l p r o du C ' t h' c fOf\ooS a .hol ii sl l e li ter~ftlnilfati;Ofijj,nd ~wso:ri!!s all-cording to wmch w' hll\lQ ILhoqh[ l.'!!fcldact'e9~o ~O!mp'oirDJ." s:ucb as ~.plJl;ol!J3irldliJ~t w ark m d le'iS l/!i\e ' Iim.e, f ae 'mryand.nation stale, lM.", i i even he bor li li e rs b( f{ y ,, 'ceo corl l i 'n.imUi. To pm ir eIdi:rrer~rl l : .ly , in tbe : r is k . s oe i, l! {y t he YllI.tt'lO'WILlld urfiinnIJ.md~d C~lefBi!>icornel!) bi! < I i . diimill l .allt ~11i il'iuotjl and soeiet~.lT be s o . ; ; i a l .u -b i~ ,~ iu re a ll d poL i t iO ' li I ' y . umti c s 1 ) s u c n pOl-ei l rials fo r

5 t :t f eM l l. D ,I 'e r :m .e n t i n cWil~:nuO'DI \ l r i 1 ' 1 OI2IJ1,Y L h e ~nl er I j J I f ~~m:: d[sCIl 5 -:s;i(J'~. The argumenl aQ he seL (IUU "in fiv.!! l : l! leses:(l) ;R. iskll s uc h a s rh oS ?i! pr(jdli~d ~!lU l e ] a~ ;e :Plll'ldeml(Y d~nl[rreS:i'tlfltiallilyfrom wtahn, B, risks I Qll!lm ablll...e al~rcad'oac:rivl i t3l ' . w l r i i ~ 1 r J . ~omp~:G't~

I~ades human ~roept~ve abil i t ies, bu t aim t ox bl $ , an d p oH :u 1 al 1! ts in d l < i:r u r . Im e wai e: ri ii 'd f o od s lU l '" iS . E.Ol!lei1lii! '[ wi lh e l i l. ea~~J I' j ,p8 51 : 1 01 ' 1 , a n . dlonl~'mn cffett'l O J ] p l3 !1 U c. animals and p!oph:,. They induce: ! 5 Y S l . e m l l . l 1 1 ::

lDG~C Of WEALTH ~ND RISKDISTRI.BUfION , 1 3 ,.oi td " f t f~ j!!e.rH!~s,~bJ!.}i.iUl~' g~n.~~iI!~YriC'~ailn.~Il lsttJIB. a [ , e b as ed . onu w I trlfe; lWumms"an d lhl ! l : s IlIDInaJ]y on1 l} ' e x J_-S1~ te rm s of the ~.S i~eJl~~il o r a n I j ~ s( ;i e m i~ ~ ) Imo~etf'~ IiIbou~~~~'" Th_~):HIl_ thin be changed,- rli fi ed . d rim J. au ze 4 o r JDlfllliflmd_ wlLliiIrn ~J l ,owle~j 3Si 1111hW ' .S~ 0'1' de f inmA~k5i lilec:ORl'I:' )my sodal i anDlpolit ic


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2' 4 LOGIC OF Wf,.H liND RISK OIST~IBblTIO"l iV ING 'O N THE VOlCANO O f OVILIZATIONmnst ~ , td ai bo r' il rt ie d


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UVING C11... ll if VOLCANO OFOVIIILIZ:AJ~ONf1re~n.~c-d [I) an 3 i1 .! li nnlo!d , p l l i b l l ! C Q!t!)m L1lti~LiO~a1:c:d ~lllifif1li)a: llni1I.l ' l l Wmllill~'.,dirr.;;r~1iIlIDat~d al.oIllS. re g ioua l Igl!l::~ ' . Th t he e :n ,a l' lt r c: ha rl tbe: SLaU!' ~,IF It l~en",iroJ !m ml ~ 0 0 be .D l1~ I~d in U'liswuli ' , . U l i i : s IT IQde o lt ;P~S~Il~ation . a n d !~olf!.!!


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28 U V"liN G O N T H E VQU:AINO O f ClVI,LlZATliGN,fh.m d L ! l e t e o ! i i o u . s - e f fe c t j Cillll! b e , I n mod~tIJI,izaJki:n r : i s ; k s t then, ~:nililgs, w1dcha r e S ; u b sl o o t iv e l )' - ob j ,ew \ le l ,y . . s'-pa'liaUy ~f id I[CIifi~a!I~lI' dl kpata t l{ :8 . re ' d t :i 1 I'W l iIr ;o g c ti e r c au s a: ny alid ~hu r s : bm, , * l! i t i l R l t o , ii, !s(!ciat and I gal co.ntext o f:~pOJ1lsi tJUilY. A li 'w e b a ' v e : k no wn a~ le ail s ;m c~ , H l l I m l i l . , howeYef. l l i [~l IJJmp-~ t on s o f c au 5 :9 li ly e so c ap e {lrUf p~:pliorri., They m ll st al w, ;\ IY $ b e im3 igW~d . ,i r n p U o o ~:o b e : Lm~" b e . W i e > y . e d . ,l D this SCI: ' IS~'( '00. ,riSks ,aflie , i n v [ s , i ' b t c : . n"c;bn,pliGd c 3 .U s a J j~ 1 B l il 'i "' l )' S f i l lf l ' il:allf ls mere o r less u n c e r r l i f i : n . alDd 1 ~ e : I JU i l ' ( j , \ l l c .Thu.s w e are d~s Viith a t l i ,e.oft:l :iml . a n a I i le-I l.cca scif ' l l ,r(wi/coru;~usnes$,c~n li n ilia 'jVmday CotlSCjDU!5it~1l ,af r~si:s.lrt'rAl.dr BthiuE V en i Ul li isc a: l! Js :a 1i nk in g o J t he : imdtut ionalJl ,y separar(ed doos ne t $,ufitO:.lU~b '~lpC( ! i a Ji zJ i :l t c ll :1 ; aDd : d-vcID~ an d SI ~ d Ow n accordim'l , l to thdr OW I I l

f \ . . l !lO GIC .oF W fAJlLTH AN D RlSt( DI 5TRJBI JT ION 29


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30 t . IV&~Ci (IN THE VOLCANO Of CIVILlZAlnO IB lXh :: lm t me an s , 2 i li ln ib .i l! \\ lUoo, Bu t rhe ,qufJl!i!'illiab&e CO~pLS (I,f rbk Qoncw-t.ratq;' O'!il t ' l iJ~ pr obab l e 'OlOcuf1relil,~gf an i~dide'l1:1 a .! 1 d d l ! n y l: hc : d j f fe r o n ~j~e l W S'N:Ji be tween iii l imnited a :i rc fl li tr G r :a sh 8 rn d dre e :x ;dos ioJ ] oJ , 0 0 0 0 I l t , o o o c] : I i l a n t - " im l ' t l uobabteas it migh t b e " ~hicb wffe!l :S nadol l l s and~e ' fMJioms[Jj(i } l - c t ' bo :r ll l. F u rL h. en n .o :r e" i n !! Ie p 'U Ib l1 .i; clise,ussiolts, ba,i:ardolli 'i:!IlIaJ1,iest ia v .c r "9 1 :C ; .5 ;W ~ i ! ;: h a: ~ 11 iO [ di:i'll\t w~'Ih ,S'l aU i n m e ' [ r i s k s tu d i e s, s ud l , 3$ , th ep,ro'l i f 'ert t l iol ' i af naelear YI 'QapORSi t1:le tchoalitSe2billity o r ,chemiw end,a'to:rmc ~ t ! l hno i o g i e s r~O!l] c i : i I 'U to n l I i t l i l< l ! fY :U s eS aM, p urp os es ; ti le gr,OII) ':ro:ne ' b@ t ~ n om t3 1 a nd W i ll f! pf (l du di ,o n- whl:~b c.);pMds.- Y ; ' i ~ ' b ~ ' x p 8 r l u U n : 1 ! ;risk i n d i n s t d e s 2 :od matk,ns ~G O'l'~r tb ~ w{ldC'l: the ~omlNildi~~olil.bet\lree 'fi1, bu m a n ,i _l ) ( m i i ti i! t~


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32~ritiwm. For ewry sodal1' leG(ipi:ied "caU:5!!:" to'IIi1B under ~iLv~Pf~Si1 l~ fOr e:bamge. andwilh iil,~ tn; S) ' :s1 ,em ,oi f 8 ! Q t i o n in v.'h ich il lo r il iDW : ~. e v e Ji l!if thiis pub l ic P r l ~ 5 1 1 1 : . ! . ! : ~ S I f en d e d! o f r. ~ :des df(lP. markct ,oo1I~eiUil;d the "lmlS' t ; oi[ , ou s tO t n eT1S ~8 JS U ) I tiroW(I']l back ,ami stl'~lilSibl~' b , IM ' I , ~ , ~wl!ViI!: ad"4nii~i, l l ig c a:m , pa :i :S : I G ~ . ~ l '" a u;t om ?b ~ _ 't be 'du~fpt ilh.l il :er ,of: the I li lS t lc [ !IJ~0 0 0 i l l d i tlllro~ ~ l : ' e a N ' ' If:Dl1ecst ! - d l l , e rl '? Or i i $ 1 , ' ; rhmilili~ti~eto i n , U I I l l MElb:.q' llaiil ly" &laooof J~bi ! "~Ht ~ i I : ' l ! i J b b t n g , 1,'f13ilil' l U S I'n ~~aDi-nifMpQ'W,CiI' pllmcs.? O r WG1 ! l l d lhat ' l ~D~aps . :pr( f~ u5e less . ~ i T I ; ~ l i IeponUian t~ wlticb call!;iI! d i e : rorest ttl ,!'ie ,Ilr'~ d 'e l lvcrm "~'Me ~;o'1lItrdO( l rSfcp. (or "' fRe ~o ou r forcs:[ ') from t h~ t >mo , ke s tl o b S i n d I i . ' ! .XDU5i1 ~ilpe.sQ ,f ! 1~ ighOOr in g ~DlIllt r ies?E 'I'~h~ tl(l: s~ () iU ii sh t $ n s i :< l l [" ( :h ,o f a 'CIl1Ur8e : l' ia l l)s" f i re bt -e! ! iks , O U L ' , : ! ! Otil) ~li!ii!an,DI tli'le;lltasti.ly assembled MI.d ,ood" GqLli,ppeci~at~lniUIiUOI!rlRi (;QIIlI,PMY' must l ! I f Y tel put il!o'ut witlll alPG\V~~rul ~U,~, o~rOQili,f!"f-iaq,l.IiIi1.~ts" rutd ~a\l~ '~I l l.aU!!\I Iercan ~J l be sa. 'I f\ d .Th~' e: w l ro 'rm a t nigm -' 5 . f . l m Y ~ S 'i,~,he pi ll !lU ii : :pUlery W l r isk pf ii l: i! li 1J~efS'r,efut )! Ih ~ ~ 1 1 l ~ r g e s,as w < ~ 1 ] l ast r n , e ~ y 'i;ilill; with ,the ~i d o f illl j O O l l n l , = : r : . ., s c : i e ' l ' I, c ; i :sta.xliual~y ~~Qfl'i~~ imtitH-t : i o!Ra~i i


9/17

lIVllNG ON THE VOllCANO OF C'IVILIZATIIONO n tll le : ni le hand . maDlY b;u af~ 8 If I .d Idamages, 0 ' 1 1 ' a! l i ready real lPaay:i P D n l l t ~ d and d ym g b otii! es O J r w; u ~u ; ! t he d@SII: ' l ! lo l tD[I o f I [ h e : fio~~t. ue .w1[) lJI '~ of ~'la!ll!d so OD . ~B the c:!:hef ~na~c! I , .me lJ.(il~.a1, soef :a!l imJ lus( If , f~k!l l ie s i n th e P-Iojw:retJ ,dtm,fle~rJf thf!ulwe., In chis :Sl :n~g tb~re areh~ wmelil,t if lhe)' occur . w(lIlddl ITUiM de5,CIiJlilc.ti.olilon UIi:'b a ~e .thaL,;wtW:l!ll ~ r l e : E ' W ' < l i l i ' d s , ' \ ll ' o ll t ld i be p J ! " , a . c I . l ~ b ' !Jnpoll:S:iiJ:I,IC'.T he re fo re , e 'V !!! !l ilS,l i o ~ j~ I H 'e s . a s tMea:t :si to tbra. f u r l Il l l T e " as J ) I iOa I ' IOS~. , d U l ! JI t : !O i IY Cand dg~lgpI!I 11'l1j'~~iw rel fi y ,anCe ~opmv,r:m~m'l 'l ! 3 ! t? thJD lIs. " (" ;i1 leo o n t G "1 ' o r 'riSk e . o r l i ! i . c i o m > -n ess ~ r m ;no t il l th e PJe-S'ell t , bu t in' t:lwJ~Jllm!., In t h e r . 1 s : k ; soc . i i l ly . , the p~

, I~!es. . 'tlw. pow. . .= ttl(l. c k le r~ .. - e ~ ~. _m m . ~S ~~nt. Ij.s , _ [ I I a ee .. b ~ a~ e n b y , t h~ f l! lt ur t: !~c 'h~. SO!i! l l~bUl,1lI man-cXiIS'tel l l t, m\!cr1![cd. I f ict l ! I>C as ~~U l eause (I,f c~n te'XperienDe an d ac t ion. W , e be c ame ac"Live: ! tOday iiI] o~de1 '" t o 'P f, I! ,V li lt .,aUC'i! ia~{: D r ~9k~ p l l e c ' a U : I L O : r u > apWt t he : p ro bl .e R ll s a nd c ri se s of oomormw9ID1,dhe &)1 g n e r Hl,morrow - OJ' IiOI W (10 ~O. D u t t l: e ne c ks , l n ~ h lt l ab o rmar:k:et prq j ;ee ted . inmaL!h ;(l1 l"1aHca l mode l s ~~\Ii, a direct ,c : t~eel on ~d'lH:a"E . tO i l ! l r E i l , b~\t jJor. A.~.:li"cip!lld. n l J ! ' C a l e m i b l 'F j , un~m,plo"mel 'l1[is ~Iii , e s 1 ) ; ~ m ! K i l l J ldil'tenninQl!I1'l I)~ ' l : b e ool1d'i[ to . sel~Dtiy~I~1 diS'l,ribUI:~5 an djust i 'fi le:s wtdesirabl'e corueqmence.s"

LOGIC o r W E AL TH A ND R IS K D IS T,ltliB UT IQ NC 1~ped ne R iL -TII~ I~:PC. patitM and ~edia~ ~,r :Ihe. ,dillt1f.jllnUio~l,0f ,r!:lb ditier!l:(!~~I,y filom those of [be dIS.Enb~IIOIi'! of ~a~th. 'That d~ Doti '~ lu dC ' r ~s k5 f rom ofl ief l l beirra,g ~ isnmbutecl in ~5traJ t -med er' C~Elli$-sp-~jrlC~ ; y .'!IiIthis sense.:1 he1C' a r ,e_ t I ; ro~ ?, ,~r.hIPpliDg, a r e i l ll S , _' l :u~"L~?I'-; :~d~:ss'~dri !;1k;soc ie-Ly. The ' ItI.5lO'r)1 of irllg~ ~nrDblJUol,l sh~,s ~ h!l~; Id tl ! 'l'I'll!alUt t risks3li1he~~O' I h . : : c t a . : s ; s p a t I J e , ! l i \ , O'~ m v ! r ,: ;: d r- w e : a~ l b aCAillillu~!t~~ a ~ rtJ~ lop"r i Sb a t l2Ie bol~om. T(I that I~b.nu:., ri'filkli se em 10 S i , r F ; r J s , r h e ' r J , 001 . ~(1s bo t i i i l . the cl{lS :!rociel)'. POlICrly .RIl~racrs an uI1I!Ci,r lUThil. ' l ;e i f l J b ' U l l d a l l ~ e ofrisks. By CDn!:rnst. th e w e a J l th y ( i : l 1 : in e om , e" p o w ] ' lor eduC3t io-J I j CMpfltdase sa fcl )" a nd r,c ed om froni ;risk. Thi ~aw! of th~ c1ass-sp! !c i f i ! ;i!11i5trilb1iltiolili . ( ! i f r ks an d thw o of 'th~ i i l t c l l l s i f i c a ' l : i o n (If cl l il rSs a~~n.ism.sI h rauah ,! h.~ CWlCCinil f 'S:r : iol l . i;jf r1sks alli'lOQg l 'bc:' POOl ' Imd ~ & w weak was\I ;:IIld for iii long tilmc and sd ! I ;;!pj;J~noda.r ~Cl50m.i;!~elltram dtllll.6;slQD$O 'f risk. The lis' of becom'i91 liti1!~wpji'de"~ed i$ iCQII!I:, ide.!:~~IX6t:1~r r~rui : l!$k i : il~d d1~! ii f o r s k il le d WO:l't'iIli'S" r u : s > l $ rUI,m .stfi,!S$, a d W i ti ~n , m d ~Iol'liIQ ' I .mntalB m a t ~I!',~ ' O O i . u l f C l ~ e d l . [Q .zoi ,kfng li n ~b1)~d'irn,i'!U!!ih:ls,~ri~fp fi ii a a re ' l. li .n .e :y c~~ :,l~striII:Hl~d !i!!'lQ~ :!~ci'ili;c Q~i; '!, I!iJitm!s. ~PJsi"l)i'EM O ' H e a p e . r rcslde:nual ~ a s r o l l ' klw~m:cl):mg;grou~ !l.ear centers ofJJ](h!lttri:tl!l producli.ol'l dial are permanently e - x ~ i ' !ed i : c - v a r i o u 1 5 o l : I U t a r i l ufr i d ie , ai r. . t n . e w r u er a lt d " 1 1 b'! !" "i 'o iM 1 \. t . iI l h e 'r t o h~ r! ! l !~ ca JI I ! l i e Ol'!'SIIi w - { [ ~ h .Ll!m.iMcat of II. l os s o r i 'IiIJl\ODlie.

H ~fe il is flItJ;l j u S t this sociaJ f i l ter ing, Oli' ~mp~ff iC i l i [ io l i l .dfm wb~t;.bprod,uD!s ,d!l!!l~5.I:lilC.iific a fn ffic do N. T he possib . i l i t t~s 00.;1 abHhie5 ' [ I deallW'ill~ deSks I' i lL'\ ! ,oidrt l rlem oreo.iWl l2!n;! i~i I(e fOil"' t li ~m ~ ~ Itft:!(~ablt un~gu~Urdh'lllll~d nJO:Q@ th e v a J r i J O l ; I s , C I ~ J l l ~ u i o n a ' l ,md ,~d'y:~d~,l'I!ru$~retil.WhQqvell'h < l 5 I 1 ~ l l ~ ec 58 W ry 'I 1)1JI1!t~m : n ; :- a o .. .c l ': i J ' C U : 5 h l i 0 : 1 13i l H l ! 1 d , o a l i l illLtempt, maV~ld ns.k tn!JIoul ib the ,chioiol: ota pl:aa: of il:'1~idi:!f!~ or LM ~'~~ILIPof 'E 'h~~:!I;I'mce i ( S~~r ,~or IIb.m~~ a ~~OODd hease, :1i '~Qjt io~Jjeoo.J. Tin: same ise ,ror IlUi~n.[lnl,. , I !ducauon Md Lim rela~ed In:i'toiVlor p$l~DS, in ,~atingt i : d tnr~lI Ig, on eso~ : t _ A su f f i c imdy w~1E mm~~l.'i 'aHet puu Qn~il l l a pDsi.~Q dm c on ~gg_~,_n:l~ ' col1 leDtca, IU :l lI s' a nd! S~dSrfQ~ " p a m p t i : ' I" C ' ! : io fl cU :I .1C ie : " EducaflOn! an d aUil!!ilb'\o!CO.lle:S5tG IruormBfi~ < 0 1 . . . . . . ,'1'11!i!!!Ji i 'o . . ~"'.I.'" . .. .- ...~ "".-"" H . . -JJf~D ~~lL lI IIJ~ , of deal in g 'wit' ~ fl d a .Yoi 'dmg , r is ks ,. O n e < :a lf .j ::Ii!tOI~oo.r!,ainS( lJfhis~~ (1t_.I l .Ii~~li.J~~ o~ s~ee~a E :h hiP lev eil~ O if 1 ~~ ). ,M d I li r< lU l. ,t ;l lIU 'l !~ h em ,eatc:d. I!lU1rHl?lil'd tecju:m.'q~~: < l ; 1 i I i ! elm. "" , IU)' '!'lite w~~!dy! fJ !~ n t! i o thait

- f Vl '. mClals. lilli Morth S~a f ls 'h ,a ll '! dis:5'ol 'l !ed s'-'O'iIi'lI""" .... ~.."lI ,nr 'ilClItratl:!,g b. ',- . . _. ,_. o. . -''IF;F- ..'''''''''i~ ,,",ill.1clU.lr~ , :I I r : ft I, ~,ti l:lXfC ch.I!rm.~!i ~n pori: an a lea_Cor IDi!fyb; 't~u.~yiVej Q( J ,( / . . r. . ~1'I :~ra,.U?!_ Cq_O 'k l~S_ and e -at i! tl s 0 l 1 ' 1 ! ' ib itO O mifi,B a k in d o f imp,ftcit

..",e.oltl,Sfru. a l 'I 'nd "1'w .T ' , ; ~ " " , ~ " '- ' . . .I ialDlful dc;-' h. ..._g u lI .. ~o n In" rc"'~" m:Mll l t_w InIDll:mtz:e'nUl":-'. , t ' i _5. , H~f e 'lIuue ext~f!i~]V'~ I knowEedgc ,ISrtqu~rtd m ome r useI O . [ DO l lm engineer' . -.. I J " " - - , - , .lion (If - '. QlIg 1 0 p :a !y a utle pOl/al!J!): tnc!t elln t&e' OIl l':UplfOOfue-- - pOllutants "'.. ,.,.."\""';1'1" L -~ .;1 ' 1 1'd .,N Onfthrl( ! _ , '. "" .~~ ''''''''[ '" , "llIle t'! ~1H.1Ccu ,a:Jlo ~n ;C :_~~U! ! " lh . lfl m tne s ....c:htlllJ- I ' - s~ . ~L~. "'en' , ' r iobaible [liliU e~asss,peejfjeaJ]~J d~~ribl:l~d 'ali!tti-c a . .rut rh 1 0 D t d runt 1 i \ l ~ n P i 1 f 1 8 : 1 : I , i [ ~ (/jpr:mJ , 1 1 \ 1 1 ' kuo wlm,g~ a .l td ! \ \1 .1 1 1


10/17

lIVllNG (J -r THlEVOLCANO Of CIVllUZAJlON~m l :r g ~ . iu liea~l~On 11,0,ew.s aboue p olh n'io n in ! th e lUGS .and l~b:v[l!ioll. Ini l l .u td l ia~ ; 1 IWUle w e J i l h ee lC !d l! j~ en ttii o f th .~ poptJ!laliofli. t IUs ev : e ry I E l J a y ' a n t J i ,- ( , B E l m i : 5 ( r y ' ~o:rlileDl b f O d g h t Mtt t t iy p a , e ! k a S J I i '~(I' C!)rulUmcli!i: as ~,off:d'io;{H i ( ) f t~ t1hemicai iru:l~SUi.y)1 will tu rn e'!'e ry area o,r slIIataJ..c(~mi:t We ou t - f t? ' Q : m . ~ood ~O'h(irJas~g~ f r o m i i llnes:s. ~o I d s ~ h il !ha l1 r ip r ( andi~ 1 I 1 J M . a]m.a>d~ dof!~ t hQ ; ). F! Ium t ll Ds !, o~ ! ~ .0 !. )h 'l ll .d. t ' :ri:v,e~l1e 8~~ii 'al ~~8-D i ' l, Q n ~ 1 E ~ t l i [ ' t rn-o\lgh fh~:se r e l1 ec rl v c a nd ' '!i\Idl f i ' I l I R n 'C l e d i d e a U l l 1 J I i ' w ~t h r is k s[ hi t: o ~ d s ,o . e. ia 1meqli!!aliil!i~ SIR ; 5 .t r. emg th~n.Ed on It Rew le v ,e t B ut 'that d '{I~s,,01 ,triire at : 'the ft.em ot ' Ilh~, d li s tr ib lU iQru I ,l ~ ogh :: o f r i 5 ' 1 1 : ~ _

f ' . a f f iUe! 0 0 t he i t ! , ' t~Qif ic ruio. l l of ' risk positi.'(lIIlS,. the! p dv at e e -s ea :p ~ I iOUW~d pos5 ib iliU es ~Of com:pi!liIIsllIti!on shrin_1c: mull are siinrlUl~J):(IUS~;I!Iropasil:t~d. Th~ exponeP l j j8 ! l growth of m,ks, '1 m impossibilli ty of escapiQgfrom !:M m. pOti1i~ ~bSl.in:.er.u:o'8iDd Ike l ir ll il ff l! lf lc eD il on l : a rod sa le 0' ,riv:ne~ e a: p: OP . lc 'T lW ' 1!m ~ eondit,irm o n e am il o ti Jr er ., : f i ' , o r san,.,!' f oo 'ds ~ b J i . s~ul.e,c .v ~'o II= ~ d (ln m ay ! td l l l h~1 P . b l: !i t al1'(l!llId, m . Imte' waleii'! supply aL I t~e~ wchda !;i:a:UI, are t t! 0; 1! I 1O J ~l e d. U l ' '11~i!!S!l!!ml!!~[~' When 01iI:~ loob M ' f OO ' ) e : i 'i :skel~lon~,'~ 1 i I . :mll ' .a1 kl!.yn~.~l . i i i " ~movcd- from iindl!!i{[" i ' l . i IJ ~ l! Ii es , e lea rIliat Ittie d~s'p'~d.fic b a , r r j , e , r . ! i l fliD 'b~f :OF~ t lJ ,~ Ritv.'I l ;all b((latfhill;. ' t i l . l ! : l e s emcum~L~M~li" O'liIrlynot eaDq:., mU dlf l l iLk:ing and m .H b:rMthing OOlld~p ro vi.d e e rt~ liv ~ p ro te ed t.> n .. A nd e ,v en cthat .CI~nll'l iJel ,ps to a d_ ' S~I : !~ .Afruall. we 'bUll"" wbat is, h3ip~ to ~h~st.O!!l1! iI n bl.I i ldinl(gs and t l l ,e Iici!'u!DS0111 'I:l 'ie groill1iiid.

Glnballli7.itns, m e ~ ~f Chlll1u11.0DR ie d il l o o {J ~ iII f : o fU i l u m a ; povuJ j is h i 'em; h ic . - s/ lJ : .o gis ilenwwatf,c. WidllthtccK~ans~ 'QH of m . od ~ !: m .i J. :t i, li (H I , ~ ri l5 k 8 - w : l l l . b ~ 1 1 e ' amg~d[l1B o :f I i l a l D r e ,h e: a ,U i I , . l J u t r i t io n. a ri ; d 50 0 ;0 - 11 'lIliC: soc ia l d i f f l n ' e : t u . : c s an d U m i 1 : ,l l Mere lad~iZed. . V ( f . f ' J I di:r;fe te t1t c:olLleqll!rell~ coi~tinu~t,o 'be d rawn from ~his.01Jjf(;j.l~tfly. ~ k o w e Y . !'i:sks d H [ p 1 1 a : l ' a n q t JY J . / i z i lJ , r~ffe :a t wjl lh i i l t 1 t , m r : ! r o O p ; " .and amo ll i g t b .o . se l ~~~u ! d by t h em . . 't is pl"~c~l)' dtucin I:hm thlrlir [lnvdIl(jlliti~ p o.w e t r.a sid es,. I n [l iti s ' efls c: ~ Ik so c[ oC 'lie s a .re . n o r ~ ac ,tly cla sssocietie.s; t~J! ' :dsk p(l .Si '!:kl l l lSl['a'nIJjO~ b~ unde r s t oOOla s dLl iSS posi t i0 [1~ ort h e ll f c o fi ru ~U $c l as s c : oa f l: ic l "S . .Th~s.b~mes ne.1'II ' l e ar e u:w ] lm a 'l l l ; ' ! jM~g : ! l f i le : particular ~:yl".1 1 Mlil'ilI!l:Ucu1ar ICli!ltriburJon 'Ii!lUem. of mmlleroiutil:lH m,li's.':rhic:y ~ :Q ss es s a nImhuent' (f!Jf,deJ.l'ey ,t6M1W'm .g }o .l )aJ . it ; fiUtm . A 'W'I l i~ 'CJS!' I Ji2a:t lom oi l" h~Zil I: r ti8eWm ll ~e !i il il du '1 lt rl ii ll p rc a :u c li on . ,7m1 ,ep -eo cl en t o f t h - ~ p 1 3 : 0 0 wlulr' l:!: I :hl!':ElJllep;r~ dy~d: fODd owns ~O:_li[n~ft practicalily ~\I'rI!ryg.nt '011 earth ~e\I.l!;r)l'one else. T he) ! d ip , unde;rl!iorder~. ',[,heaci!!l ( l oD l en ( at thiG: ai r is no lo nly m il blilll!i::alt S(:wptlJl!t"eIi, an d atLisric l.re as utc ts . h ab o 1 01 18alO InolJgb(a'bout lh~ di!i,inl~gr.nioli t of modtrn cw;to'IffiI'~blllmcrs. E.....n in Cll1!iJch' l lLh~11lIkesh~v~ ~onl~ a ci di fi ed . a :n d f or e8 !l l ll!l;'~ dy.ing e v em , in t he n on he rofMC~ of .semcHlila~ia.... _ ' :h~ R iobal .i za tt i. an ~eli!d~t'icy b rilil:lli a bw u: a rrnc Uoms, w l 'i ii i. c !b .aRl OlWCa~ l!Iili.~ .~ir. c 1R ~hlM:r _ ne ru lity . W ! ftJe i!~G'o'uydlUwg lW']lS m(Jo 31 .hlD}l~r4,

LoGJC O IF 'W E ALTH AND RISK DISTI!lBUTION 17

TIle /Ioornuan:s Effeclconl.iPncd w . i [ li l i n the ,g l 'Qbal izatjor ru anui yil Q!~!lfly dire(~nE!iakd fram . w Iis a d i S ' t ri t i u li o n pa il le r: !! oF r id; :s wmch eQ !i !' tr un s aJ oons'dC[iii lb~! ~( I~! lU 'o f. po l il k~ c \! ip lg . s. iv , e. S ~ r Dr l i I ~ r tl1~. i s k s ~ .b i o ~~ tc ~ u l! _ w il : 1 iI ~ ~ w b oprod~'C o r _Rf 'Of i t HO! iU t if i~ . . Ri id1$ , l i i s p J a : , ' a s:Qii;laJ~!liDrom'~1!'J dftfJl in, 1t I~ uw f fw i. on : e " '~m t : b ~ f i < c b and , - ~ ~ i \ ! i I ~ r ! l ! ! l i lJ)1: n;at SIIf; r I' ill'Tlu :r~f;m~rly;Iat~nts (I' e . f m e : I : s ' sttiik~ b~.d; .rY~!i!ai U ~ C cmtet5 Qf l lhelrI i ImdLiDdu. The ap :n f J5 : o f mdli leh1i~t ion tbemlid,\I'l!s : i ! 1 i ' e ; ~ m , 1 1 m I ~ i 1 . l 1 y\ l ' 8 I u R i J [ j:DI [ 1 r I ~ f J F ! ~ ' ll 'l 'r 'D l i I l o f h~~b: ~ b a : t Ibey u n I D e a s b . !W d :pllolit f fl o m .T I J i ~ dilll l : u l r J , l p c n U n ,8 mU1Lt'ii tuaf;, l Q )F w.~ys~T3Itc !hI! ! ! ' X . a m p l e (If agri~llhnr~ og el!: . glllin. h i! aenn3 !n . y~ lh~oonmm:~

do n or amr a. cia l f en il i. mr & i V W f liom ~4 3 c o' ,3 18 :k . i l 'Q~amspel' hoo~3Ire overtM p i: Ii o d ' l' 95 I l a' 1 9 .5 3 . IUI.tII th ~ u s e Q f a : g r . ic ' L 1 l m r w chi l 'mJcaJs e e s e frDm~ 00(11 ~(I' 3S.000 tannes ~w~ 19 ;1 5 i 'l ! nd n ~ 8 l . .The' yi~idspet bectar~a:lSIJ : ro se . b u . 11iIa! Ilearl, alii fMt ali [h e exp:'llIse fO f f' 'r l i l~l 'l i: l iId ~tidd.c:s"Y i e ld s d ou D le _d J for a : t W I I a.nd Wl\!~ ~ O .JI~nI: ibighin" . r ow p O it at ot -B . Aail i! ! i , I '(lpm"li .oookly . $ n m / J ' iru::rc~:;~ ,of ; , icl ,d!s in [ ' ! . l i s t i e ] : ) ~O ' th~' 1I1iC: Q i!f l! rt il iz e rm d . c hem , i~ l s DCilil.trM~,S mith a ! I iI ~ I l. p m p O . r l[ 'C l W t c 1 l y ( a J ' 8 , J l l i InCJ"le'illSt:IJH ~ht l l11lYHiJ. dHlrucn.on ~hall.i s " is ~b l, e and] :plllilldill to' th e f u : r r n e l . 1Alii O'ULS[andillig i m d ~ x : < O i r l~ aI;}rm:iog ' ~ ~ ' I I e . T O J l , n H U : u is tllIe s1'r"liI~

d~T~e i)n f t lany 'Wi ldp l:3 ! ll lt mid anrmli!lBi 5 [ J J . e c e s . The ' ted J i s t s : " IIbat s e r v ~~ I lr rt cl al ~ d e al l] . c~ l "l il ie a 1i e .s : tQ [ GOO l d t he s e E : t D r , ! . 3 U i'E Oe x i S l c : n ~ 1H'~Gmw~m 8 lo ng er - an d IO nlS tr.~f ,689pla~! s,~es octUmng ll ii ( i re :eru !nnd .S'i!iI'are elld:MgeJi!~. Ti l e ' IKlPUla-: 7 : , . . .; )$ b , m l ~il!;!i depend!ml . l i l ~ 1 i 1 1 ~ a d 1 l 1 . W l i ..u d ! 1 1 . 5 1 ~ ' bC w l it tl C : : n o ri lr :, l ih ethe 1 or 11t! '~11111l~al,:u i~' da:' feamIlBdlJ' I I~uca.I_I~~t C l p !e : 3 r .c l 'W I! l_ l 'O p~.eI k i l b n :ilM ~l'lb!11i1 B a v a l l t i l l ~~r?Ulli~!!J'~~~w l ll 1 ln ! !sp !r4gr i' ilm"_,_ 'n~atrtaed.1 l J i ' ~ ~ I?;r,~d~ R J l o l ll n i !l i i I. e s l IJ I : n a : .b i l ~ ~ ~ O ! ! r ! ! m l l b : :lItEihe,.& O P ~r f ol K ! ~ Im i ll s : ' J l . I ) I :~mf: bud.li,., Yoi! s ~ndl I d1;1-8O: i ln l~ , or ~hoses~ItU~i1 ~1 1 r~d whiJ:1~ i~lite wl'!o~ i ! : _ c a r , , : . ! r o l l ' ln$I I l I~;C hl].1!~~!'!:stt~ 'I l. : i 1 r1 ) W t t In~ar ; ii v ai fu 'b l e t it n J >. 'U . 8 -h2 1 1 1 1 l i I 'O '~mB g~!!iom. ( R i U ier S!llclh! iC'I '8!4!!~I( t t' . i 'lOOr Urow elt f i l 'l IgclI 1 , 9 B 5 !For~l'fy 'u ..,,, - s""""-d ~- b-".b , _,. .""hih e n , _ . _ " . . . . . .1i I _ a r y ' ' 'U)ect:s C m ; ! t s ~lXIm~ v l: s U il e p ri m a ry ' d fe C ! m I i

l iOn of ~1i~h'~~U~aiI :luod!!I.ooon~~g(icrsdlIH1'I!S'~cs. Th; PKlg'IlJ~'iO


11/17

UVI~G ON THE votCA 0 Of C:WIIl .JZA,l fONj ;fg~f: thefen,l l lY o ,r m e ; ! jai l deciliriii~5. !{Jt;al l ,~m.pOli t2 l i l i l af1l~mali i !lind pbu us. di,a$jX3.1\ . ami , I l l! ! dt ' l l1i lg~r,of :roi l ~(lm1 aI10'WS,,"T~e ,cin~ub:r.it.ror this social endaoge:ri:ng Chi! b~ ,Bel'le'rnl'ized: l.I!llder [he[ ', ooi f o r mo-d :em i' za t "o . iI l d f iks , /l(!rp.f!I'!'al'O,.,.. Q t J d victim SCil!Oler o r m E l ! . l : e ;bco ome : !~,tiICflt. ln , t l i; e wo r s [~ u:~thhll lkab,le c as~ . a nuc lear w orl d w ar ,:thi '!i i~ IcvIdent ; it aliso dest rOf~ the aggr,e'Ssofri . Rete - n e c om e s ~II' thatth e &rth es be c ome an j~CiEorr ~8i( ~hi1lt n o k ln .g er f O C < l : g n i ~ aJ][~I d l i' ~ L h k : t ru c m s b e ~we cm : ri ch al1d p o or . l b, l! lt k, S i nd whJte, ~olrtl'il and! SGl!Jtlit,orema:nd w~t. fhn J I I l e : eff~c t onJy ' ~n is ' t s:WJu!~ it OI; ;CUl~, aM ! w'A~!1 itooeu ' f~; , it 110 19n9c:r ~l5lS. b !! c! tu s a n o th in g ,~:dSliS ainy mere, Ti l l ",;'i:,potiil!l'Jitic tIU~:al l tu rr d: ar o t ea .\ I~ s ~ ' . h i l l , t i l 1 : i C ! ' l-s~ibk rraees ill thft Rt)W[I f ~f$ ' d lr e at , (An i! le r s 1 9 ' 8 : : n . That is d U f e r i e l i L i t ji G U1:~ e a t . J 1 ' D : g i ~ r u crisis: .. IIu : n d e r m . L J t e 5 e v , e . D t h e ! W o no :m n i c : fomdafi'om Q;f IlSricujtufiiil. a n : d i t I!I.lID~b ~:fo, (ld 51.1~'pl.!fo ,r ill'L~:Pi!QJi'Ie: lil:emse[!les,. H.ete:i-(;~'I~ 31 f , C vi~~Je which :llIulike~hl1lpi"~ar~ not j tUU ill! Oil!lturce,bUE9!soin. IU]!!! ~ ~< d:lb o'ok 5 'of th e ~'C3:1fh,l I! !r u i t ll 1 i1 ! h e a J . h i of [~ pm\1let ,ful . .from oGrilIpI!!li!mt In! 'thari~iC'S. u d fI(Jti l lI i v jd c d : ~ p!U:iir t i l! i :C S , ~ t 9 .1 1 '" aile t3,11 hear Qu :i u: s hr il l. , ~ p. oc ~i ID c :: !iQ 'l ,n Jdsi n t h is field. -,EooIo.1 tJ'eVtl:ilt,lifioli and bpropriQtj,(J';~T be D~l G a!'.o . . t : :1~ 'Qr .:bury 1 I i11 lea .mj]JIi~J. ,~~O, PIl:!"L'Yan.'.O(S 1 1 1 ' ( 1 1 u st sl 1'i l1 e a cJf d~ r~ l,y a f th l: ~ i f: id i 'l '1au . . 1 S O l J l l ii l e ; in a whi,)tesal~l1!,sa~it'Bir::iMWiI;Y it . lmp


12/17

~(sitLlation il S '(Ju,j"a din;e..el'l~for fbt pos:it!onli. A!~:;'Ol!lellff~d1~d!i1rY th~ UIliadl, oft, b ll 'l , d C lp 'd v cs , i li e other 'S. the R{)n-aftet :100 of nothing,Exp r~sed in 3IiI, a Jl !l aJ :o g y :t he ' d la ss " o f lhe'affected' , d o t s not CO I ' I ~O : D Ia ';dniill," [hat ls no t 3 i l fec~iedl . It G : i~ n fn m ts ~ L most a ~h us 'o f ll~l:)f'~affecllldl p~~. "h~~,a)iui.IliG; s~w or beaUt:! will d_r l'lol ie~ve n ' l . b o < s e stil.lw c m t C(r r tod )ay (~l l be:al! lb8.'f l ;d wc1,.I ;Jeii i lg:) iPl~Q' !he' r_b l o f tl.e SOU l ! , )t i . tQ1ul :m;J pn:r \ l'~ded b l' ~D!lsUirancetOmi~

UVING ON n'I IE VOLCANO. OF 1(1V!IUlATIO'N

R i s !; . P -o $ lr it m a s F uleTb~ : in tema tiQn. ;d in l rac tab iLi ty of mQd. e 'm i z a l~oo rbits i; s gla :~l lbcd b~ dU IW iD ' ~ !'pTcad. A t least [o r thi!! C{I'J:lI$'I!Imef. their blVis.1bUill} ' i J W i t lI I y !e~~< I I . d , e . ; i $ l O D OI!)e'R., They ue p.iggy-book PI1oI!lUiJl,S~ whidiJI arl!: iMl I1~ ori lQge-stcdl w r ' r h othi!!T. ' t li : t m g s . TIil~l' !ililC the ' $fOw,QIII ' ! '1YsQ{ n ti rm :m r .f Jl iS w n lp "110"". Th~lt nm'tJ on 1hl' w i ll l. d an d m E l n . c 'h'3iter. T liey ~ biii in ~insand e ' ~ lI D l il :g , a nd , a l ! l > J l I g with ~h~ ~bSlll,~b; neQ~hi~5, Q , f " M e - iff tE l

'!.Dt:I:tC o r WlfAl TH AND R ilS IK DISTR IBUT ION 4 W.1Jj. f oo d" ~ oJI iU Dg . home fumi i p 1 0 . u t M i V i l :m lic lsm to (l iU~ l au ! : ! ;! :ad ! l ie ;v~me:o ls ; (If ~ec lm i cal c i \l ~ li ~ liO " I 'I . Is, i' t in ,a upfI'lSibll! [0 create alnd mlain'lai! l i ! . !l cri lk~l dman~ towards 1~ oneCiUlTlO[ ~ ca ile 'l" I s il peil'liI1~s,o;~b~co abandoiD. acd1ica l ! disf~mI~~ j! ! l.oSlbeazweom : lim'IflOI ~eqpe ill, a l ld re f le e se tb~l l lc , i i tab le ' with Smrn o r c y ni ci sm : "i nW f fe [a ll ;e ' Of j r u b . i l a t i : O l ' l ?


13/17

4! LIVING ON THE VOLO\NO,QF CIVl li .l .lA.f IONon the ~l~ use: of ptS:udrdes. in Sri l:!ulk::!I.~ fer w~ant:e.i'TheJi~ they: s p r , j ! 2 d DD T 3 l r ( l ' l ! l l D Q w ilb bare l lan ds. t1h:e 'p eop l e a re p owd 'e l ie d w h ke ' , .iOn I.he. A!l'idJL~iahmd of Trinlidad ( 'Populat ion Ll milUi.o,n) a [,alai o,f 120d o o r ~ frl)m, p~t ic ides w e r , e ' re p O i i[ o o . 'A f:a'lmil! r: ., If y ou d io n iE ~ ~c tafter &:(l!t:ayilq. ) f O : I : I i 'hann't spr.a.yedc>oo,ush,u, ,(l).e1' Spif!gell'8:4. 00. : S O l : -U9',.f'1f!'1~~~ p,~pplcthe oom:p,le:< i~E~hnioJcS of IllruG'4lllliemicaJ~aciD~ w ; t ' i l l J

~[he i" .impo~~q: pip~ ~liId" saaks are e; , tPef.i~i~ gyml~ls . o ! s u o r; :: e- s ~. TMt. d : e a t l i l [moo' t t h e y OO~[ ta : iH. b y OODHast~r e tnams l . i l f S . - e f l y ~nvIgb]e. For them._ I J 1 ' ~l1e-~e!tU~ I '~tic~ds RndlIDerbldd.es tllt0)t "p~oduce:5i~lliifyab0"e a"q:.r emM~~~alUin f~om. im~t_"a" .11_= . ',~a!l'e' IJf'Heq,U18llt~~0 . 't.egr~~~ f,~o ru tJG n~ , !hl~, syst(}m~U_(:~II lY; ;UP lC l or te~_ ~~ ' the ~~emm?lUln~l

....Jrj'ifsla.le5,. M! :rawsed.food Pl 'Odw:: tIOI i h i , 10 perc. .ef l l l ,8l ld I'm SOl in i ! :AS Ian lind. L { L at in A :lI Il er ic ll fi OO lJ nt 'r ie :s be y 40 : pu ,e e :n t I }Y , e r '!:tiI.apast f ew y ,r ur rs . Th,t ' fm:r~ ![!J,~~e v e :r y : ~r 's C 'I Ie I 'a ! h u nd l 'M tho :woud l io n n es o :r :pes l ic idM: M\!! ~p:ra . ,ed.. . O lll O (lU :o n aT u~!ri~ fi~his, on to 'b;aco o m ~ fru it pmantad~nls~ 0Ul]m!dies ~elii'~ 1 . 1 rI .~ E8 ia8 ib l~ ~1 ;1 I~~ l !Ks~ ,In lbf~ co:m:pe:!ilio(l1b~rw~~n the

W s"l l i~e thiil:ail o f d ea th f ro m f tt;! !I' !g i!i rd rim iD",isibl 'e lhr-el l t . ,00f d e "u ~ fmm .{ a i - H e : & em ic al5 :; ~ h:e e -\l~ de !n ~ !1~ainst ml!lcrial mlISe , '1 _ " . rieus,( '!l ..~:.it: 1: .'e'WIC!espread l!se ~micm ma:(e;ri iaJls, the!,rjeldls O :r t:e: l iaJrulwOI.!~dI . s i D I : a nd i1 1'1 ~c ti San a s p!) i] a~ ~ i) '1 J1 d OOJUUILm,C tltcir ~m , W:ithch'im'li~aJs~he j pDo ,r c ;Gwnri e: s of i ! : i 1 ~ p(!liplutry ean build; up dlelr own~li)cts of 'foOdsLwI'fs lo an:dgain a bit o f i :n d e ]' e tu hme -e f rom !the powef~ej;\Jte!' iof I:M' i in d um i a. l w ,i l: r: ld . Th e ehemical ra~[,oitjtsn the Third Wo~d~ioJor~e ~ i I 1 i s impression o ~ . ll 'I de pe n de no .c . in 'p ro dtl :e U on a n d f mm ~X~I1:-f iV( l [ w] ;l "r l: s. T i le $ L :r u, U 1c 3 :g ahi li S I bWIl i !Je t ' an d r(lf au.talll~m)l f oms . lbe:PI'O'D~"Ii.\li) ~ h i L 1 i l d " " ' 6 i l l l i I i l Q w n w ' ~ .~ ~fia~rJd~-!Impc!i'~~ptl '.~.!u al~Y ,~!, , 1 l ! I ' CSllplpf!~~l, mmi :m iud 00


14/17

LIVING ON THE VOLCANO Of C1VIUlATIONIn d'ii!: d~)I Oir BOOP31 Bll i n d ' t . i l 5 . t r i M D~~p.sJC wi tl ilOl ll t :panillel in IWitc.ry~rl1ld IME S'lJ[liday Illisl , I . . a n d M om ! li l morrung. 1\ ~i)l.ili;Iolld esmpEd froma,dJl:filIea1 r~o(r H!lIdl smh:.tiIU;cEI :shwud !il~=t - i iUy .f iY\~ l 'Iid '!:kI)' s~u~ sqliL!If~

' l: j_~~I!!J '5 i; WhCR it f i n ! J I ' I ) ' d i . s s l P i i I J i ! i i I " s he ! S i ck ly s Y , , ' e e t ! > m eU , ol i :l iC di l' . .. .. ., 5 \ Pr e adm~ . 1 1m ! c i ty : il i u il l ui n - cd i ! l _ w ~ b3Jldi!!r.~ld. in ' Inc midlJ~ 'Ilf ~ce. l l imld! l lt llJirn~d nub dead iO n ,C'tiilmotion p!yr'~, ~w,m(J i iv~ iit II ~ i m . I l '. , SOOI ! . !filer,t w qI!! .~'I!Qr!>!IgI; (If Wr io d1 f ar t'hli: r l ~ ! . ! . a l g ' ,~ i ru i ii ,i ,a li - E ! bU>S~ !! 'i !I Ii S~e I lame -s ~i~~S i f ' O W i t d t h e : ~pscs,. TItUi 'MM'l ' l lm '!l:Cli!reliery , b c l l a r n e 1 11 4 1emwd~d , & 'I 'i iC ir gr a' ll l ' .l! "nu: l to be o p e ll O O l . . ~rell~'ing lt1icl'ly !i:oml1llanillmml5 ~f ~ i S l; M : Q . ' [ tnaw h's , a s into b!![Q' lW(iI ~p:li! i l ' i a $11 I. sl eJU

In ~OfinM.\ I~~ maluial poe r tY: I l1o;w~wr,. ' the ' I J ' a l l ! l : p e l ' i : m f i i O I i l 1 0 & t .be TfiirdW o t l (l ( 'h fi ). !! .& b Jl .a zl u d ~ - is o o nt ag i.D u 5 f O f tM w~tthy. T: l le m l :! l E ipHc3: ti 'ohoT ~uw, wor ld so~il!ty tio o~ntr.iO! ~1fI~O ! commulI1i ty' orc:ll~ej. T beb O Qm ~~ li 1g d f ec ~. : s1 dk el p j\ ec is e1 y t ho :s ~ 'oift 'allhy ( . Ioun tr i~ v/hiiCh 1 ! I a . d:b~d to g,~i,I " i l : l o f ha:zou:d!i ' b e " 'LGllJjt~r:i".1 t h i :! m . Ol, 'er.:5 It -a5 , ~U't ' lh!:fi ho dI l i a IITI~ c . h e a p ~ r fQHS , t, l! II rf s . . Tbe: 'pa6cid~s U i ' i . e l : u r n [0 t l i l e i , r bilJlIll~m d ~ s l r i !l i li .m d J iu).me~ u n f~e' f f U f f i l , ~Cai ) be:al!isaII!!'l t e a 1 .M . ! ji ~ . 'fieeJltr~Jilfi~ i~tr. lr1!. ::u:iMII l l i'O!I!qIlBllilill!l, ~r b 3 .i i: d .p b 'w ~ [. The o....mainties brc l~ s, $ o ci !l i~ RI,! in , Lb i s . scm s e tn e ~el1!iiil!l~iii!S: I j' a t C l l r u l U r ~ .oF 'IIi$fbifi'lJ:~~~ hll'l1,g ,l!r contrl'lS'I with J i! ,1 ~ ~ de ry .: paJ la re s w i t] il lI D v! :] s, . s t! ,hm d . o [ will i rags.'niI!se : ev i~Cl i l l Q : u ; a l ~ t ie s of t i I > c blDsibt~ 11]0lonprhold iD . neik rrocicl.ies.What 'cscapes p er cc e: l) 'L ih i. Ut y n o l on ge r c oin ci de s w :iil b dIe l!l!ILifMl. l in n , ca ni l l .i i t e - -a d , e v m POO;ESS ;Il! h i : s : t i e r de , g roe , ( ! f h!~FdouS reatit,y. lDUili1!dil'l;Ui n e l ! dcompetes ' i'dLilllhe' I(now!l elemgnr ofruk. Tlu!' wodd of viSi~ scaKi(!o' orS,lIirplws g rows d ~m MdeJ f lu! pr,ed:0~q;e of f ' i sks . .

LOGrtC OF W~LTH AND RllSfI(DIlRIIBUlION 45The l '3.oe; tecw~n _l'!!)~~~'I,ilb]e'~ Md bDlIl:II~Plilb~-~~ e . a. nn o t, b eo n bY the lau cr . T he \'ISIIlJe cannOl o o m:p ~e 'w ~d l l.h!.ll:'!,V~Sll!,le.ParaiM

w . ~ that /or tha t !p er! ,l'illJSOIJ the' m . v l s 'L b l c ' . rl S k s W ' l . ! 1 I t h e r a e . c o .d:cr- r .. " _ .... ." _ . '. 'b' "";_I. aI. '[ 'he : i g w H I I ( ) ftlh" ~ ! : . . . atare m arm tycu e: l I I! I' Ip l l ! rl l ; : , p u ~ ~ e " WW!.iu W , I I ! ,'! int is iE $ jlmEl -~Ion: 1111_~~ e!l i .mimation .o.r ~b!~ ~!d- a~ . i l l t fact1M 1 .1 1 1 'i iS d l a~ J~SUf i ea t l o l1 .~~ee ~ h i l' ' T b 1 [\ 1 1 1W ' O f ld I , -15 ,[h , l ' ; cuhll.r,iit1lfimldg ~ : H I i . ~ 1 so i m Oll! w l n i c : h l ~ . r i s k s a n d tuwLrdls' l ! 'ow.fpto(;m an'd' , t ln ' l> ' e . 1 1 l L:: o vnJ~ and COiililpelhiolll be twem m e ' p~llb~tm1i of~I;I&s. buhmstJ; iaJ ,a r idm;rrkel ~:U:!J (, In o n e ' si ,d~ mull r 1 t { ) ! 5 : ~ (If [111~ r il lk s o ci e ty 1 0 1 : 1 .1 i I : e Qth~rt theraBle of ,!,,~Ilh proii1U(I.i~lIaJ,!W~!. i r u > . in aoo( I1\ \~hm,~ " , , 1 1 1 U te p.o,w~'r(e . IUO' l ' l ! ! IPS a 1 l l : .sll,am lams o f re le vane e - and. JlJ. f ' tfwt l i .' e Q i 1'i!llS,lJn l l i t er iP.;- satiety is r. i . lUmalt l ) ' '~iCIO,i(Jw. Th~t~qibilijf.yof need 5:Up~ ~,~fjl'm (rE risks ' but only Ute per,cl!pt iOI~. ncn ~heir rea l i ty 'Dr th~i . r,e-rrlXtl!; r isks de med g ro w ~ ci3 ]l l ' 'l lw cl lJJ ' an d. ' w c l l l . . A t a l ~ a i J I : I . $Ui ,P!.o r .s.Qci.d p i 'o d u .e t ic H l . e I w a r B It :U ! : I ' : iz _ ~ dbf d'lJ~ deli'e]o:p.1llU~ni~ o f t : n ~ dl~eaJiMUSI .T~ , Ibu~ also by re.ae~or tcCJlliI;Ol(lgy" mlr:,c~~eclfoni,~. imd 8ll!n!I!'t1,i:t e c h iI[!1 0 , ! Y i [ h i e : p : 'l "( l d o m i : m : w ~ c e of ~ I : u . ~ ]~il1i'C:a : n ; d llonillictl!l. o f' w~EIilI:lti :p~.Qithlii!cjo n. and rhu s U te : s:o cial l .il1W.~s~blility of [lii!~ risk. l S o ! : ! l 6 t y " is [1(1, p . r o o l E Q f it sl lDCeal~~ on the C'Dll i . l : racy. it t is Il mo ,t!i U" f or the , or i, g. in o f tbe dsk sac iiftyWId IIIW SJ p roo f that it i s b > !! C om i ~1 ~ LT Ili! i ~ w lla t the o l lC ' J i lJ a p JJ in g A A ' d ampli i ffeadon o f e :1 ass and risk 1)0.5,1-r. o m . i n lhc T l i l . i r r c i World i [ eaches; t h e : s am , ~ c e n I l i i e w'd, h o l W r e ' \f \ e r . o f S ii l : O O : m

an d i .houghlt in the . wea~ll~ iindl!li~t!iru ~omnt r i e s . Pro: tec : I in :1 e c c m o : r : n h :r e GOW : r yand g i r l o w o : h s~i l l enjoys u n ,c ha ne ng ed f' mt p ri or it y. Tbe. thR 'a l : tn-mS, lo$ i of fobs i s p . 1a y~ d '!J.p. illorder t i C I ~p 't!!it IoO,Pbo,i e~ : i : n rnt"sct i ibedcm l . i . ' l i o I l i S r esu l ;f lj ti oms w, i d~ , and ~:Il"l 'I !fD : r, ,: emen' t h l 'l l: ,. o r 10 1:t i l : .v~IU myIfiV~.a]iIOlq, mill) c e I 1 l a : i n . I~o


15/17

Rill< i s ~ .o ,i nV en :[ kll l e lf mddern t i lm ~. ][ l i !i LIQ]( l !r1l i~~d1n ~ S i~ a :r e ai 5 el f: s Q c i :a l 1 i !l 1 e . 'll~' d J ~ a , t l : l s : f l ! : !M . 1 i I u ) a r I ' i c ' ~cldefl" I.Sc. fO I " i .l IDs t 9~ . R J , i I \ c r j yc~r am i . d t i J l . e - . ! I ; i~ d .ciJty D (i:emili_:Y d , is . a ,p P e . a T ' !! w i : ! :: I :! o l !! t a I lIaiL\1~. '~(I tQ~,peak.p:~lfa~ l 1 a \ " 1 ; l : ~~~n,ot ,~ totllat: '80 & e , r e j ;~pff i~liI l l 'Q:r m s spa~andM~ ' fO r Lil!:ll~.mini-ca:I .~Lrophe:l l w l l i l l '. u : t h ; ) ' H r r l l ! e rnil : l (l 'r i~1 m , W3~tC or Sl.lClit(~hese~'!'~ in ,an), CM C ~tJ(!m:t!~y ' ~ l i ~ e 1 y . OOtlSmeri l l lS G~f~ ~ML1tytc~h..M~b,al.

B\I ' I e :H 'iM d ! i ! l l ! i j ) m ' l ! n ~ r e -~f !~hi~r.I~i!U'P"c'~latilOn. ~ I : I [ n . o : t ,delud~ u s: 1 1$ [ 0 i tC s [ ~(If remJi t )!, . :~lSyjetowy is at P y . r . r h f ( . ! OI1~". Wtnl rc . i t p ; r ie v a : i . ls it pTailllucel! ' 'Whatit d ll fl 'i es 'f ' Ib e mk ~~i~E. l B . 1 r u t there: is mo, !!olMbmUOiIliolb

T h C ! 111 jUI ! l "k~~~!!XP3ndi iJ rug~ ;q l lo j ; t 'adl ) ] ! [; 1 I f r U'lilc s f8 :~ q r~ a ~ r,a ~ ~ o ! B in dl~Gb n ' ll ro e I ! L r e ' < "e a W i :n : g a : n rd COI1lI~ i iJl ig r i s k s - w j~b t ( h e e f f ~ c t [1lia1 u J l t . ~ m a : l \ c . I .! t i f li l i l

' . ' I t - . OW ! , w . .i ti ~ C '.I i f l . c~'a'.[~e .p . ~ . ( i l ,b t m l . '. I m i g h ~ n{lt ~~,ilt 'i~,()I:~dollir Y l l . l e . II . ' I I U l i q~I~~CJ'~filS f ["~ w b " 8 i .t , . w h ~ ( ~ f \~ 5 P O I il l~ ~ b J I~ l 1i ~ r~I:~!!ea~ are b c i i n g l\'M "sa~ ,[l,r [elill~ed w ~ro~~ ~!J~! ' 5p.ec l l !~ Ia. t tOM.. l u m w~Ib~:r Uu:CO(r '31~ ~IN[ .ri ~k is [ lo t ~hcl~~:!l~iw _,? fa, dip l ! ;' l (W pol.hit;!] dm Ml!f., ~w ~ e ~ tr!!~jl!~ iJlJiGl1d'SsolU!nlt1il"~nfl Iq,yioo' { )~ ff er ur n "",b~~~I:~~ew~~dl~risks, alw(i! pr-OdlIDe~rJn~Yf){l r l l {$l l1 ' tdfJ" 'ZQt ifW1. ~e d1 i I ; ~3d!l3lf1J~gn, whleb t _ m~ :PI\OdU~, at leas t wll"leilhey M _ ! flO~a:l f y ll ;; -d ! ve , ~opedL. A ~ s(m~ ~:s. t l tegr , -OWI'n,(l , e lememu 'of , ~a :O 'I ~. m~ \j cs~ 'II '! ! ''' ' ~ l t e : a d v .; U i I "L < I ( B g , .s ,n.OI l l l f f e r e J l l o e s mdt , away . . , 8@~ r o r ~~ fI\'iibmU ll' ~ - - I~:~. . I' '.~''", (J' ~h. .ty pr~!le!'l[ u s wHh tilmat:S'i 'W ' l ~ il w i I ,wU l i li l li l, r~a lb l !z ( ! : l i s ! t i l ,l n . ( l I ' l l:matl l imlg: ZOJil ,~ o ,fnon . impJveme :J lt . . ( 1l l, erisk ~~j~ty lm c ![ l, nt ra sl: [ ,~ c la ss oo ei~:y } d llv do P'- 'i al e n d C ' I 'I I W l o gWln)f~b!liv tc [~m s in g 1o ba'l risk p o s ru t i O [ ll S . 1 1 i ! .Urue l iumit ing c , ~ n ~ ,I h ~ [ I ! frien\l! a n d r::~'~.li'!ai$tilncl ~~.ab1}lI'c < l m . d i iI:I~l)W,ciry ~ilild QOI;I.~~:ry.! l O u t h iO O " iO i : : t i l 1 are iii ( . \" X ! :p Q ~ a 00 d I D i " ' ] e ! o ! d h ~ g PI'~IJIl'll: ( ' i f d i J e ex;pOllHlin;.l i i i l i j !.fD!:ilI\\'Ii'in:; f ! $ ; l b . 0'1 c:Ml I i~~ [oo .msr~oc:W e ,s MJ@ n [ l ~ l a : : ; I ! ; S(;lCI.:!~S- I (11 ~, I l IO l 311yin,g lelJle~. The y cunl:


16/17

__ ON THE VOLCANO OF CIV1UZATIONS (l~ tl ti o < m , [0 [ he i eI D f iJ fd U '~ d 'l:[l:dU8,eriIl~ r 1 l l 'r u . e : r c iS S ' e - 5 ~1'I le s s- U f e i u z h i s f f i "i & t 1 o l l l ' i! ;i m ~ ~ , be,d"C'(iMd t o& l y . . , - ' l 'U I l 1 C l l l i m e l l l ta !p ro bl em s , ea n- ol 'l ly b e ~oh,r(l,~ ilil < 3 D Q 'D je cU yel y mewu l1 g fu 1 'w ay in b ord er.span.dQ8, r ! , i l .S2_t j~~~aI ld iD~Ie'fl!Jalio;J1allJgr'l!emen.~ ~d ' the ~a.'I OO.~!Qacco:r,dinsly lMds ~I} l:ion~et!l!Iil~~sa n a ~me-m 'i![QSS;I~g, mili~.llrya l J l i a l 1 l l C : i : s . The thru~hm the5:tol'a~ of rlllIJ;lea:r w e ; a p o : I l S wi~b ' I 1 - n i - ~ . a ! t q : l ' - -able d:~~Ln.I;cl.h~pqw:er upSel,S, people ' ~Iil ,a~1mi~ital) $;ph~! , "~ and ,cre~ a, te or om lU il lt y o r th,r-w. whmi:e \ l ' k t b i 1 i t . y m~~ . sl il J p J 'o ve it~df.T~Nti-rt11 ~i:rartM1J!

'~~u~b attem ,;ts to Sa:ilfil,1 . 1 : 111!3;5,L;j ' p o ~ i d l ! ! a l m~3inJ,ng J,fro'm,~~:e i.!!iffOi! tbatt 'aIDI,oE be! I IUU : lc r si ood , ' C anl flQ 'l blmd U S 1 '0 , h i e fa'Cl that the -e: [I l: w- li y ,o ~~ ctiv e o om mo nalk ics 'o f d !a:~ ge r have so far l:mCriI :Roat1l 'l1gD t hi n i Il ir in!Jb~ po l i'li:iliI~ a lild ~ no :m h;: .5~ ~e. 'O n UK' QO l 'l ,l n ;r y . I tl l: c y ~o]U diewU hlla;th:ilil;ais'~~et~li,Qi~m8i'ld :lhJ.l l r f ' l ~ Y { l l J J . ' 1 E I 1 i:n~f,il.ei~1part:/., il'ujQ!l!lrri~ md~ nE e m lt , o.g m iZ a l' io n s 0 " indu ' l lmal s Q C .i ct i; ;s . T M 'r r'C ! ' i s n .o p la e ~i l1jU1ng l!!o f cn l : 'WJa lm - o o c i c t ) l [!).1 s,udil, global , riskl! t.hat ! !pam giQJi~. Heree l>ery Q! ! 'gan i zar 'i o l\ lw it s C;nen'l~I~an d lilli, ~odtt l! rnriIHi!!u"consistingO'p;PO.nI~fU;$ and ~! w bo aile tQ b~ ,ac IL' II '. atW < l !I ld pliil.yec un 2!~,ali1$~ 01:\ao tbu . 'be ICcmnu::IiI'I:illity o f , d ;~ g c! l' S :o . D f I : O O U th.~ : p I . n t t T a : l i 5 t W : O ; i l r l ll ~ l n n ' ! ; -o f w t Q \ rm : p'Ql:Irn:;Irgs.ti,olliii - w i t h ' ! W ; m . o , S . 1 , h u o l t ! b L c . ~o,Wei'lu. Ii~Qf.lfl[l.s:~ dUll -m:l Iu~aj~yw'o! i"b:d I Q I , 1 : 1 : IIml. w c - D w 'Qm ~o~p rr o ln i e J IOu t in .e s .II: ~ true; the dangers grow, btu I:h~)' .;ue DlotP(I).i.Il


17/17

so LMNG ON T I-11EV OL CA NO O F OV II U: ZA T I ONa : m < i e r y h a s nOl l b ~ n I I f 0 1i m da ri il > ID I f O Lf n t t i o n l : l , 1 etten, I : s , U l l ! i~ , \ i l $ S L ! ~ p t l O q11.0 W a ng er y ,atid e ithe v' I anx i l~y ' " u,ri l l l re mm~! i 'i i aJ ne e d ! - l lerhIlJ!:s a \ I , e r y~ . ' r A iQ i o l i l f o r ' po ti t ic : rl l m . cv em e [l ( !s '? < C a n d l) ;e oommllm.l}'_ of'.all~ietyp tJ :' . J p s c (y ,e ll l be blown apart by t il e weak dnn ofoouli1Ilcr-'lliIfofflllalIIGlJ1

2TH E POLJTICS OF KNJO'WiLE.D'GE ~NTH E R ISK SQ'CIIETYN . o . i l l ! i i i

l .M~-luitt{)fj :mlmll!l YII!J ,~ of tftl1no!tcglml r:I'LioMlliu.ti~n md J i i l l i i l ! ! l i i M .ill WM '' ' ' ,tIi\QorpniJQlio,;g. bill. b~l'Olitidj [ [ 1 I lI d lJ d :e ;! i I I )l I t' b 1 11 1: 1< ( ,:nC ' ~lIal'l~ "' ~!K iC I: g J ~ 1 U ! ! r . 1 ; I ~ l c r i s t _and li~tim-:JI blolfil;p,1'I1D,. ll1 I~ rmDderi:i: iry fil!l:rlS,er'I~ &Ii!~ 1989; . -Al c; ! !Q]u lu IUdS n Q i ll :J i lk a . a M I D "2: : P I I I " . m o r e 5 l' l1 p br s~ t ct l d d '! [~ n :c " .I o_ ru ; ' i lH l t w - . c - < 9 1 , f i S ! . : : in . i L ' l - t ! l , L ! l S ' t r i ~ ~ ~ lI il ' , . . W il t! ; 1 ' 1 , l.l ill n i l l :!I~1rIY He Oee-k ( l '1 j J~11 .i1ll.dU9;~), .

3IPQ1:i~iCIJI ~!mt~ l i l ' iC$agiiliMl I'hi! ' o rg 'i ll 1~ i n ~p o !l ,$ i lb ll il l~ " im~d isclW iE d: in ~ , ~ i ,BS ) ..:I Thi:!l M ilm le l1l ' . i n ! X l rnpl t t t l i[ d':I iEet i I h . e I'!l-fiuivil- p oi ll ic lm li ol l o f ! l i s l e tDnf f i -e l ! l ! .~ U 98 11 ':P arr I~ i 1 951 1;Iln i;l 1m Po UUIf,.

Im nUscmU ,1 l1 :! a ir C~Obatiulll~Bm h if l rl iu l [ l i l !U! ': l~tl lJnll .C~lI . l t lr ) ' ,~n,d rodla! !{ . OOt lS , equ l ln cC$ ~-per i ruwed t l : yt t le butt Orhlll l l lB' I1hy ;as doiW.3sl .aUII- !~n oonn( l led 'W ~rk ~he ! tQ-cial processo f l ud u ur na Ji za ti O Il a nd modrmza: l i ,O l l . W i d ! bo th e ,po cl! is we Ire O O ,U 1~rrorm:d i U~ d r Jl ! St ie IlInd t lU

o n! m oiV cd b~' (hl!S :e qu esd ong m ust b e' inte re ste d in It:re:s oem : i . an dAr I~{ lro l dynam. i l! lS cn " th e _risk S-Q!l;~ty -Imongsid e lts ' t echmeaJ, cl:ll!mi,C

ulrich beck logic of weath risk distribution

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