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8/11/2019 Ullmanns Supplement CHEManager-Europe CHEManager

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|A supplement of CHEManager & CHEManager Europe |

We are delighted to present you with this supplement for the ACHEMA 2012. On the next

eight pages, we invite you to discover a one-of-a-kind reference, our leading resource,

theULLMANNSEncyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry.Turn the page to find out more about the advisory board, read extracts from key

articles, and much more. Enjoy browsing!


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ULLMANNS www.CHEManager-online.com2

Editorial

DEAR READER,If you want to learn more about novel technologies in biochemistry or nano-

technology or discover unexpected new aspects of seemingly totally familiar

processes in industrial chemistry Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Che-

mistry should be your first choice. After almost 100 years, this classic referencecontinues to provide top- notch information on the most diverse fields of indus-

trial chemistry and chemical engineering.

Written by experts from industry the engineer running the polymerizationplant or supervising the fermentation process and scientists from universityand academia, each topical article in Ullmanns gives you a concise introduction

into chemical and physical properties of a chemical, element or biological mate-

rial, its production/isolation, toxicological and environmental aspects and, last

but not least, economic importance. Other Ullmanns articles deal with basics inchemical and mechanical engineering, providing information both for students

and professionals. An extensive list of references from monographs to patents

and conference proceedings is an integral part of all articles, for those who

want to or need to learn more. The wealth of available information was fil-tered, evaluated and checked by the authors from the top international chemical

companies and research institutes and carefully edited and double-checked by

the experienced editorial team.

All areas of industrial chemistry are covered in Ullmanns: In addition toarticles on Inorganic and Organic Chemicals you find contributions on Agro-

chemicals, Analytical Techniques, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chemical

Reactions, Dyes and Pigments, Energy Aspects, Industrial Safety, Food and

Feeds, Cosmetics, Pharmaceuticals, Polymers, Reaction Engineering and Rene-

First published in 1914 by ProfessorFritz Ullmann in Berlin, the Enzyklo-pdie der Technischen Chemie

(as the German title read) quicklybecame the standard reference work

in industrial chemistry.

The third edition waspublished between 1951

and 1970 (in German).

The fifth edition was

published between 1985and 1996. This is the first

edition that was publis-hed in English language.

The second editionwas published bet-

ween 1928 and 1932(in German).

The 25 volumes of the fourth edition,

published between 1972 and 1984, weredivided into an alphabetically ordered

series of 18 volumes and a general series

of six volumes which gave an account ofthe principles and methods of chemical

engineering and process technology.

For more information on the 7thprint editionvisit:www.wiley.com/go/ullmanns

Now in its seventh edition, again in 40 volumes, ULLMANNS has hadover 600 of its articles newly written or substantially updated, in addition

to several hundred of color figures added throughout. ULLMANNS is now

fully internationally in its scope and content 3,000 authors from over 30countries have contributed.

The sixth edition was publishedin December 2002. The 40 volumesincluding one index volume contai-

ned 800 major articles, organizedin alphabetical order.

wable Resources. Besides classical keywords such as Ammonia, Acetic Acid,

Steel, Stirred Tank Reactors, Synthetic Rubbers, or Heterogeneous Catalysis,

Ullmanns also includes more specialized topics such as Hair Preparations, Den-

tal Materials, Health Value Added Food, Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Weed Control andhundreds more. For a taste of Ullmanns, please have a look at the articles on

Bioceramics, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, Microreactor Modeling and Simulation,

and Urea, which can be found on pages 4 and 5 of this supplement.The wealth of information provided by Ullmanns can be retrieved from the

electronic version (available online with quarterly updates, and on DVD with

annual updates) and from the 40 volumes of the 7th print edition published in

August 2011. More information on the different editions of Ullmanns is found

on page 7.To keep Ullmanns always up-to-date, articles are revised as soon as new as-

pects have to be included, and new keywords are incorporated as soon as they

have gained industrial relevance. In this respect we, the editors, very much rely

on the expertise and the supervision of our Editorial Advisory Board. We aredelighted that we could recently welcome several new Advisory Board members

from across the globe with expertise in the fields of Food and Feeds, Organic

Bulk and Fine Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, and Biochemistry. Read their exci-

ting self-introductions on page 3!

Yours cordially,

Dr. Barbara Elvers, Editor-in-Chief

History (Print Edition)


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Selected Articles

CERAMICS, BIOCERAMICS

ROBERT B. HEIMANN, Grlitz, Germany

1. Introduction

The development, industrial production, and clinical implementation of bioce-

ramic materials with improved lifetime, reliability, and bioactive functions arehigh on the agenda of worldwide research and development. Bioceramics are

inorganic compounds that are designed to replace a part or a function of the

human body in a safe, reliable, economic, and physiologically and aestheticallyacceptable manner. They must be mechanically and chemically stable in a bio-

logical environment but must also possess biocompatibility. According to the

degree of their interaction with living tissue biomaterials are divided into three

classes: biotolerant, bioinert, and bioactive (osteoconductive) materials.For many decades, bioceramics such as alumina, zirconia, hydroxyapatite,

tricalcium phosphate, and calcium phosphate dental cements have been used

successfully in the clinical practice Dental Materials MetallicMateri-als for Implants. In addition, applications emerge that use biomaterials in themedical device industry. The structure, mechanical properties, and biological

interaction of biomaterials, and their clinical applications in joint replacement,

bone grafts, tissue engineering, and dentistry is reviewed in [1]. The type and

consequences of cellular responses to a variety of todays biomaterials have be-en dealt in [25].

The number of patients receiving biomedical implants to correct skeletal and

dental defects, and heal diseases is constantly increasing. Worldwide, large de-

mand exists for load-bearing hip, knee, and dental endoprosthetic implants, butalso for bone replacement parts in the maxillar-mandibular area, the ossicular

chain of the inner ear, alveolar ridge, and iliac crest augmentation, and sever-

al orthodontic and periodontic applications. For example, in the United States

and in Europe more than 1 106hip and knee arthroplasties are being perfor-

med annually, with increasing tendency. The share of Germany in 2007 was355 103hip and knee joint implants. The increasing demand for endoprosthe-

ses is the result of the wear and tear the hip and knee joints are subjected to du-

ring a human lifetime. Since people generally live longer and get increasingly

overweight due to overeating and lack of exercise, the protective tissue lining ofthe acetabular cup eventually wears away, friction increases, and inf lammation,

pain, and finally immobilization will result. At this point a total hip replace-

ment (THR) is the only reasonable option to maintain mobility, freedom frompain, and, hence, a rewarding life in old age. However, more often younger peo-ple require such an operation because their lifestyle including damaging sports

activities promotes premature wear on their joints. Here a problem arises since

the younger patient will generally outlive the 1520 years lifetime of contem-

porary implants so that remediation operations are required with substantialadditional cost to the healthcare system of the country involved. Hence, the

quest for increasing the lifetime of implants through higher reliability of bioce-

ramic devices such as femoral balls, acetabular cups, and dental fixtures drives

the R&D agenda worldwide.In this contribution, salient properties of bioceramics, their specific reactions

with tissue, and clinical application will be discussed. As a prominent example,

hip endoprosthetic devices will be highlighted.

1 T. Kokubo: Bioceramics and Their Clinical Applications , Woodhead Publ., Abingdon, UK 2008,

pp. 308.2 L. Di Silvio (ed.): Cellular Response to Biomaterials, Woodhead Publ., Cambridge 2008, pp. 648.3 B. Basu, D.S. Katti, A. Kumar (eds.): Advanced Biomaterials. Fundamentals, Processing, and

Applications , J. Wiley & Sons , New York 2009, pp. 720.4 J.A. Planell, D. Lacroix, D. Best, A. Merolli: Bone Repair Biomaterials, Woodhead Publ. Ltd.,

Cambridge 2009, pp. 420.5 R.B. Heimann: Classic and Advanced Ceramics, Bioceramics, Chap. 10, Wiley-VCH Verlag,

Weinheim 2010, p. 552.

Read on at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14356007.p06_p01/full

LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS

STEPHEN M. THOMPSON, Shell Internationale Petroleum Maatschappij B.V., Den Haag,

The Netherlands

GARY ROBERTSON, Shell Internationale Oil Products B.V., Den Haag, The Netherlands

ERIC JOHNSON, Atlantic Consulting, Gattikon, Switzerland

1. Introduction

The term liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) describes hydrocarbon mixtures in

which the main components are propane, butane, isobutane, propene, and bu-tenes. Most commonly this term is applied to mixtures of propane and butane.

These components and mixtures thereof are gaseous at normal temperature

and pressure but can be liquefied by cooling, compression, or a combination of

both processes.Liquefied petroleum gas is produced from two distinct sources. The first is

by extraction from crude oil and natural gas streams at or close to the point of

production from the reservoir and contains propane and butane. The quantities

of LPG in the well stream fluid vary greatly, depending on the nature of thereservoir. Production may be (1) of natural gas from a gas reservoir, (2) of gas

and light liquid hydrocarbons from a gas condensate reservoir or (3) of crude

oil and gas from a combined oil and gas field. LPG typically is one fraction of

many (Fig. 1) produced from a given well.

The extent of recovery of LPG and heavier hydrocarbons from gas depends onthe composition of the gas produced and the quality specifications of the gas tobe transported to the consumer. Before storage or transportation of crude oil by

tanker, its vapor pressure must be lowered so that it can sa fely be contained in

a ships tank. This reduction, known as stabilization, is achieved by the removal

of LPG and lighter species to yield stabilized crude oil and additional naturalgas (see Fig. 2). The LPG components in produced oil and gas are predominant-

ly the saturated hydrocarbons propane, butane, and isobutane.

Second, LPG is obtained by processing of c rude oil in refineries and, in some in-stances, as a byproduct from chemical plants. The remaining LPG in the stabi-

lized crude oil at the refinery is separated in the crude-oil fractionation column.

The constituents of this LPG are propane, butane, and isobutane. Additional

LPG is produced in refinery conversion processes such as catalytic reforming,thermal cracking, catalytic cracking, and hydrocracking (see Fig. 3). The com-

position of this LPG depends on the processing configuration at the refinery but

typically includes both saturated (propane, butane, and isobutane) and unsatu-

rated (propene and butenes) components.So-called bio-LPG, or more specifically biopropane, is technically feasible to

produce, and is likely to be commercially available before 2015.

Read on at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14356007.a15_347.pub2/full

Figure 1. LPG and the other constituents of natural-gas production

NGLP = Natural-gas liquid from gas-processing plants; LNG = Liquefied natural gas;LPG = Liquefied petroleum gas

Figure 2. Oil gas recovery schemea) Gas and gas condensate; b) Oil and gas; c) Vent-flare; d) Gas processing plant


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ULLMANNSwww.CHEManager-online.com 5

Selected Articles

MICROREACTORS MODELING AND SIMULATION

STEFFEN HARDT, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

1. Introduction

In the field of conventional, macroscopic process technology modeling and si-

mulation approaches are by now used on a routine basis to design and optimizeprocesses and equipment. Many of the models employed have been developed

for and carefully adjusted to specific processes and reactors and allow flow, heat

and mass transfer to be predicted, often with a high degree of accuracy. In com-

parison, modeling and simulation approaches for microreactors are more im-mature, but have great potential for even more reliable computer-based process

engineering. In general, the purposes of computer simulations are manifold,

such as feasibility studies, optimization of process equipment, failure modeling,

and modeling of process data. For each of these tasks within the field of chemi-cal engineering simulation methods have been applied successfully.

Microreactors (Microreactors) are developed for a variety of different pur-

poses, specifically for applications that require high heat- and mass-transfer co-

efficients and well-defined flow patterns. The spectrum of applications includesgas and liquid flow as well as gas-liquid or liquid-liquid multiphase flow. The

variety and complexity of flow phenomena clearly pose major challenges to the

modeling approaches, especially when additional effects such as mass transfer

and chemical kinetics must be taken into account. However, there is one aspectwhich makes the modeling of microreactors in some sense much simpler than

that of macroscopic equipment: the laminarity of the flow. Typically, in macro-

scopic reactors the conditions are such that a turbulent flow pattern develops,

which makes the use of turbulence models [1] necessary. With turbulence mo-

dels the stochastic velocity fluctuations below the scale of grid resolution areaccounted for in an effective manner, without the need to explicitly model the

time evolution of these fine details of the flow field. Heat- and mass-transfer

processes strongly depend on the turbulent velocity fluctuations, and for this

reason the accuracy of the turbulence model is of paramount importance for areliable prediction of reactor performance. However, currently (2011) there is no

model available which is capable of describing turbulent flow phenomena in a

universal manner and is computationally inexpensive at the same time. For thisreason, simulation approaches for microreactors, which usually do not requireturbulence models, offer some potential to make predictions with a degree of

accuracy unparalleled by models of macroscopic reactors.

When comparing processes in microreactors with those in conventional sys-tems, a few general differences can be identified:

Flow in microstructures is usually laminar, in contrast to the turbulent flow

patterns on the macroscale

The diffusion paths for heat and mass transfer are very short, and this makesmicroreactors ideal candidates for heat- or mass-transfer-limited reactions

The surface-to-volume ratio of microstructures is very high. Thus, surface

effects are likely to dominate over volumetric effects

The fraction of solid wall material is typically much higher than in macrosco-pic equipment. Thus, solid heat transfer plays an important role and must be

accounted for when designing microreactors

While the absence of turbulence simplifies many modeling tasks, the predomi-nance of surface effects introduces additional complications, especially in the

case of multiphase flow. Some of the fundamental mechanism, for example,

those of dynamic wetting and spreading phenomena, are not yet well under-

stood, and this adds some degree of uncertainty to the modeling of these pro-cesses. As more and more practical applications of microfluidic systems emerge,

research in the field of fluidic surface and interfacial phenomena gains additi-

onal impetus. Hope fully in the following years refined models for microfluidic

multiphase systems will be formulated and will add an additional degree ofpredictability to flow phenomena in microreactors.

1 S.B. Pope, Turbulent Flows, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2000.

Read on at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14356007.k16_k01.pub2/full

UREA

JOZEF H. MEESSEN, Stamicarbon, Sittard, The Netherlands

1. Introduction

Urea [57-13-6], CO(NH2), M

r60.056, plays an important role in many biological

processes, among others in decomposition of proteins. The human body produ-ces 2030 g of urea per day.

In 1828, Whler discovered [1] that urea can be produced from ammonia

and cyanic acid in aqueous solution. Since then, research on the preparation ofurea has continuously progressed. The start ing point for the present industrial

production of urea is the synthesis of Basaroff[2], in which urea is obtained by

dehydration of ammonium carbamate at increased temperature and pressure:

NH2COONH

4CO(NH

2)

2+ H

2O

In the beginning of the 20 thcentury, urea was produced on an industrial scale

by hydration of cyanamide, which was obtained from calcium cyanamide:

CaCN2+ H

2O + CO

2CaCO

3+ CNNH

2

CNNH2

+ H2

OCO(NH2

)2

After development of the NH3process (Haberand Bosch, 1913,Ammonia, 1.

Introduction Chemical PropertiesAmmonia, Chap. 4), the produc tion ofurea from NH3 and CO

2, which are both formed in the NH

3synthesis, developed

rapidly:

2NH3+ CO

2NH

2COONH

4

NH2COON

4CO(NH

2)

2+ H

2O

At present, urea is prepared on an industrial scale exclusively by reactions

based on this reaction mechanism.

Urea is produced worldwide on a large scale; its production volume exceeds150106 t/a in 2010. The main application of urea is its use as fertilizer. Urea,

being the most important member of the group of nitrogenous fertilizers, contri-

butes significantly in assuring world food supply.

2. Physical Properties

Pure urea forms white, odorless, long, thin needles, but it can also appear in

the form of rhomboid prisms. The crystal lattice is tetragonalscalenohedral;

the axis ratio a : c=1 : 0.833. The urea crystal i s anisotropic (noncubic) and thusshows birefr ingence. At 20 C the refract ive indices are 1.484 and 1.602. Urea

has an mp of 132.6 C; its heat of fusion is 13.61 kJ/mol.

Physical properties of the melt at 135 C follow:r 1247 kg/m3

Molecular volume 48.16 m3/kmol 3.018 mPa s

Kinematic viscosity 2.42106m2/sMolar heat capacity, Cp 135.2 J mol1K1

Specific heat capacity, cp 2.25 kJ kg1K1

Surface tension 66.3103N/m

In the temperature range 133150 C, density and dynamic viscosity of a urea

melt can be calculated as follows:

= 1638.5 0.96 T

In = 6700/T 15.311

The density of the sol id phase at 20 C is 1335 kg/m3; the temperature depen-dence of the density is given by 0.208 kg m 3K1.

1 F. Whler, Ann. Phys. Chem. 2 (1828) no. 12, 253256.2 A.I. Basaroff, J. Prakt. Chem. 2 (1870) no. 1, 283.

Read on at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14356007.a27_333.pub2/full


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CHEManager:HerrProfessorWa-gemann,diegrteundbekann-testeAktivittderDechemaistdieAchema,dieweltweiteLeitmessefrchemischeTechnikund Bio-technologie.WerdenBesucherundAusstellerderMitteJuni stattfin-denden Achemaetwas von Neu-strukturierungderDechemasp-ren?

P rof.Dr.K .Wageman n :Nein,BesucherundAussteller der Achema2012werden nichts von der Umstruktu-rierungmerken.DieVernderungenbetreffen nur dieorganisatorischenAblufehinter den Kulissen.DerAchema-Kongress wird nach wievor von der Dechemaorganisiert,dieFachausstellungistnuneineAn-gelegenheitderAusstellungs-GmbH.Wir haben gegenber den Ausstel-lern schon in den Ausschreibungs-bedingungen auf diesich abzeich-nendeEntwicklung hingewiesen.DieGesamtaktivittAc hemagabjedoch fr unsere Neustrukturie-rung den wesentlichen Ansto.

Inwiefern?

P rof.Dr.K .Wageman n : D i eA c h em awar von Anbeginn an wesentlicherZweckdes wissenschaftlich-techni-schen Vereins Dechemaundwurdein der Vergangenheitvon den Fi-nanzbehrden als gemeinntzigeAktivittanerkannt.JedochhatsichdieseEinschtzungmittlerweilege-ndertunddieAchema-Ausstellungwurdebeider letzten Betriebspr-fung als wirtschaftlicheTtigkeitqualifiziert.Dadurch mussten wirunsentsprechendanpassen,weildie

wirtschaftlichen Aktivitten beige-meinntzigen Gesellschaften wieder Dechemakein bergewichtha-bendrfen.UnddaistesdieblicheVorgehensweise,dass man einee i-geneGmbHf r solcheAktivittengrndet.Im Zugeder Diskussionber eineUmstrukturierung habenwir uns auch Gedanken ber dieZukunftdes Karl-Winnacker-Insti-tuts gemachtunddiebereits frherdiskutierteberlegung,das Institutzu verselbstndigen,aufgegrif fen.SeitFebruarstelltsichdieDechemaalseinausdreiEinheitenbestehen-des Gebildedar:dem wissenschaft-lich-technischen Verein Dechema,einem davon unabhngigen,vo neiner Stiftung getragenen selbstn-

digenInstitut,undderAusstellungs-GmbH,diedenVereinDechema unddieStiftung Dechema-Forschungs-institutals Gesellschafter hatunddieAchema-Ausstellung sowiean-derewirtschaftlich geprgteAktivi-tten durchfhrt.

WasbedeutetdieneueStrukturfrdieMitgliederderDechema? Gibtes Auswirkungen,von denen sieprofitieren?

P rof.Dr.K .Wageman n :Unswareswich-tig,diesen UmgestaltungsprozessfrhzeitiginRichtungderMitgliederzukommunizieren.DienderungwarjaletztlichauchdurchdieMitglieder-

versammlungzustimmungspflichtigundwirhabeneineinstimmigesVo-tumfrdieUmstrukturierungerhal-ten.Daszeigt, dasswirgegenberdenMitgliedernsehr berzeugenddeutlichmachenkonnten,dassdieneueStrukturvieleVorteile hat.ZudenVorteilenfrdenVerein gehrt,dassersichseinen gemeinntzigenAktivittenohneEinschrnkungenwidmenkann,abermitderBe teili-gunganderAusstellungs-GmbHnunauchinderLageist,vonneuenkom-merziellenAktivittenzuprofit ieren.

Unddabei gibtes keineInteres-senskonflikte?

P rof.Dr.K .Wageman n :Nein,wirhabenhierfreinesaubereTrennungzwi-schendengemeinntzigenunddenwirtschaftlichorientiertenAktivittengesorgt.Wirhabenunsganzbewusstdafrentschieden,alle Kongress-,Tagungs-oderWorkshop-AktivitteneinschlielichderWeiterbildungwei-terhinnichtkommerziellorientiertzubehandeln.Diesebleibenim Vereinbzw.imInstitut,dennwirsehendie-sengesamtenBereich,wosichLeutetreffenundber wissenschaftlicheInhaltediskutieren,alseinezentralegemeinntzigeAktivittan.Eswird

keinenwissenschaftlichenKongressoderWorkshopimBereich derAus-stellungs-GmbHgeben.Die sewirdsich,soistunsereErwartung,neuenThemen,vielleichtauchneuenRegi-onenderWeltwidmen.Siewird ihreKompetenzimAusstellungsbereichvielleichtauchDrittenanbieten.

In welchen Regionen sollen dennneueAktivitten begonnen wer-den?

P rof.Dr.K .Wageman n : Zu den Regio-nen,dieunsinteressanterscheinen,gehrendefinitivSdamerikaeben-so wiedieGolfre gion.beralldort,wo Prozessequipmenteine Rolle

spielt unddas istnichtnur im Be-reich der Chemieproduktion wirdman sich Gedanken machen kn-nen,obdieAusstellungs-GmbHent-weder allein oder zusammen mitPartnern Aktivitten entfaltet.

DieDechemapflegtim wissen-schaftlichenBereichbereitsinten-sivinternationaleAktivitten undPartnerschaften.Hatdenn dieneueStrukturdaraufeinenpositi-ven Einfluss?

P rof.Dr.K .Wageman n :Wirsindinter-nationalgutvernetzt, sowohlaufeuropischerEbeneber dieent-sprechendenFderationenfrChe-mieingenieurwesen,frBiotechnolo-gieundfrKorrosion, alsauchwelt-w e i t , ger ad eh a b en w i r z . B . d a sjhrigeJubilum unsererjapani-schenSchwestergesellschaftmitge-feiert.Chinaistein anderes wichti-ges Stichwort.Dorthaben wir mitder AchemasiaeineMesseaktivitt,diewir in enger Kooperation mitchinesischenPartnerndurchfhren.Wir pflegen auch sehr g uteBezie-hungen zu unserer Schwesterorga-nisation AIChEin den USA.DaraufwirddieneueStruktur keinen Ein-fluss haben.Siewirdprimr inter-

essant,wenn wir z.B.neueAusstel-lungsaktivitteninanderenLndernbeginnen wollen.Dann istdieKo-operationmitPartnernvorOrt,aberauch mitdeutschen Partnern,mitdenen wir zusammen in einen neu-en Marktgehen,wesentlich einfa-cher.Wir werden knftig vielhufi-geralsesinderVerg angenheitmg-lich war,mi t Organisationenzusammenarbeiten,dienicht dengleichen Status als gemeinntzigeGesellschafthabenwiewir.Daswirddurch dieAusstellungs-GmbHwe-sentlich leichter sein.

Globalisierunghatauch EinflussaufdieForschungslandschaftunddas Bildungswesen.Es gibtzwi-schen Staaten einen immerhufi-geren Austausch von Studentenundvon Forschern.Sehen SiefreinedeutscheGesellschaftdieNot-wendigkeit,dass man dieseInter-nationalittweiterfrdert?

P rof.Dr.K .Wageman n : Definitiv! Mankann sich heuteals wissenschaft-lich-technischeGesellschaft nichtausschlielichaufdeutscheMitglie-der sttzen.Wir haben mittlerweiledoch eineganzeReihevon ausln-dischen Fachkollegen,diesich hierin Deutschlandengagieren undwirknnen froh darber sein.Ich den-ke,wir sindauf diesen Austauschmitdem Auslandangewiesen.

Wiebeurteilen Siedenn dieFor-schungs- und Arbeitsbedingungenfrdieseauslndischen Fachkrf-tein Deutschland? Es wirdimmerwiederbemngelt,dasswirDefizi-tehaben,weil andereLnderat-traktiversind.

P rof.Dr.K .Wageman n : Dadrehtsich,glaubeich,das Meinungsbildmitt-lerweile.Wir haben natrlich nachwievor dieSituation,dass mancheUS-amerikanischeUniversitteinenWeltstatus hat.

Alseine derfhrendenPersonalberatungenfrdi e Chemiewirt-schaftuntersttzenwirseitber30 Jahrenerfolgreich KonzerneundMittelstndlerbei der Besetzung vonFhrungsposit ionen.Sie vertrauenaufunsere Branchenexper t ise, unsere intensivenpersnlichenKontakte undaufunsere individuelle Betreuung.

Top-Executives gesucht?

ErfahrenSie mehrberunsunterwww.barfeld. deoder 0208/45045-0

Prof.Dr.KurtWagemann,Geschft sfhrer,Dechema

DieFortse tzungsow iedasKurzinte rv iewmitInstituts-

direk torProf.Dr.Michae lSchtzeberdieS tiftung

Dechema-ForschungsinstitutlesenS ieauf Seite12.

BesuchenSieunsaufderACHEMA

inFrankfurta.M.vom18.22.Juni,

Halle9.2,StandB28.

IhrUniversumimEngineering.

TRICADMS:DieCAD-LsungaufMicroStation.

www.tr iplan.com

www.VenturisIT.de

DieinDeutschlandbestehendeengeVerflechtung vonakademischerundindustriellerForschung findet manin

vielenanderenLndernnicht.

VerstrktesDenkeninWertschpfungsketten

Dechema willmitneuerStrukturdasNetzwerk berBranchengrenzen hinwegintensivieren

DieDechemaGesellschaftfrchemischeTechnikundBiotechnologiehat

sicheineneueStrukturgegeben.MitderAusgrndungderDechema

Ausstellungs-GmbHundderbergabedesKarl-Winnacker-Institutsan

dieStiftungDechema-ForschungsinstitutwurdedieNeustrukturierungAnfang

2012vollzogen.Dr.MichaelReuboldundWolfgangSiesprachenmitDechema-

GeschftsfhrerProf.Dr.KurtWagemanndarber,inwieweitdie strukturellen

VernderungenAuswirkungenaufdieinKrzebeginnendeAchema2012haben

werdenundwiediewissenschaftlich-technischeGesellschaftdiesich durchdie

neueStrukturerffnendenHandlungsspielrumenutzenwill.

561

32 3- 4

Volume16

April2012

ATOMPROBE TOMOGRAPHY[page10]

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EFFICIENTCELLCULTIVATION

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Mergersand Acquisitions

RochedroppeditsbidtobuyIllumi-naaftershareholdersmadeitclearthatthetermswereinadequate.Nestlis buying Pfizers nutritionbusiness for $11.85billion,bea-tingout French rival Danoneasboth battleto gain preeminencein thelucrativebabyfoodmarket.Pfizer looks to focus on its corepharmaceuticals business.

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Marketsand Companies

Solvaypresentedthegroupsstra-tegicvisionfocusedonvaluecreati-onanditsprofitabilityambitionfor2016sevenmonthsaftertheacqui-sitionofRhodiainSeptember2011.BASF isrealigningitsresearchandisfocusingevenmorestronglyonthemarketandtheglobalcusto-merindustries.By2020,thegroupaimstoconduct50%ofitsresearchanddevelopmentoutsideEurope.

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Sales& Profits

DuPont deliveredrecordfirstquar-ter earnings andsales of $11.2bil-lion,up12%versus theprior year.Celanesesaidthat its quarterlyprofitrose29%duetostrongsalesof chemicals usedto makegluesandfibers.For Q1,thecompanypostednet incomeof $183milli-on,salesrose2.8%to$1.63billion.

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Investments

Dow willbuilda new manufac-turingfacilityfor its Dow CoatingMaterials (DCM) business unit.BASF willinvest150milliontosetupanewintegratedchemicalpro-ductionsiteattheDahejPetrole-um,ChemicalsandPetrochemicalsInvestmentRegion(PCPIR),locatedonthewestcoastofIndiainGujarat.

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People:

At AkzoNobel,Ton Bchner hasbeenappointedCEO.HetookoverthehelmoftheDutchcoatingsandspecialtychemicalscompanyfromHans Wijers.Univarhas namedJ.ErikFyrwaldaspresidentandCEOeffectiveMay7.Theformer president of Ecolabsucceeds John J.Zillmer at thehelmof thechemicaldistributor.

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NEWSFLOW

Production

Trendsin chemicalplant

construction:markets,contractors,concepts,technology

Page 9-11

REACh

ECHAsDirectorof Risk Manage-

ment Speaksabout the Progressand the Impact of REACh

Page 13

5/2012May

Global Mind with Local FocusBiesterfeldsCEODiscussesSuccess FactorsfortheChemicalDistribution Industry

Chemical Distribution in ChinaServiceandProductOfferings Havea Lotof GrowingTo Do

CHEManagerEurope:Mr. Kuck,this yearsFECCCongressmottoisSustainableandResponsibleDistribution:TheFormulaforSuc-cess.How can chemical distribu-torsturnthisvaguestatementintoconcretesolutions?

B. K uck:Firstofall,ina companylikeBiesterfeld with such an old tradi-tion,sustainability and responsiblebehavior are fixed in our funda-mentals.To achieve our aim tobe the technical leader togetherwith our suppliers and customers

in Europe we have to distributein a fair and responsible way witha comprehensive and long-termstrategy without disregard for ourvalues.In general,one essentialfactor and,of course,a formula forsuccessforeverychemicaldistribu-tor is the product portfolio.It getsmore and more important that theproducts are environment-neutraland smart.We consider productionconditions and environmental be-havior of our suppliers as well as

effectiveness and environmentalimpact of the products.This can berealized with energy-saving prod-ucts,which help to reduce energyand production costs.We also wantto preserve resources;e.g.,by op-timizing transport logistics andsystems we can reduce effort,pro-tect the environment and reducecosts for our business partners aswell as our costs.Likewise greenchemicalsbecomemoreimportant.These products and pre-products

were won by recycling or in aneco-friendly way.The demand bythe entire production chain is con-tinuously increasing.

Whatotheraspectsarecrucial foraglobal chemicalsdistributor?

B.K uck:Iseefivecentralkey successfactors of every distributor.First,as mentionedbefore,therearetheproducts.Second,the employeesarevery important.You needfittingknow-howto satisfy your suppliersandcustomersneeds.The rightmixtureof experiencedspecialistsandown newbloodis importantfor our success.Wehaveno plantsor brands,thus,wehaveto investin our people.Third,suppliers areacentralbusiness factor.Findingandgetting newsuppliers is noteasy.Therelationshipto our suppli-ers is long term andis fulfilledbytrust,transparency andstability.Itis importantto installanddeveloprelationshipmanagementacrosshierarchy levels andto buildupanetworkwithinthesupplierorgani-zation.Thefourth key factor is thecustomer.

UndevelopedMarket ICIS,

a provider ofmarketingintelligence

on theglobal chemical industry,pub-

lishedareportinJulyonthetopglobal

chemicaldistributors.LedbyBrenntag

with$10.1billioninsales(2010),atthe

end ofthelist,therewas a Canadian

distributor named Interatlas Chemi-

cal with sales of$10million.And not

a singleoneofthese160companies is

headquartered in China.

NumerousChinesedistributorshavesaleseasilyexceeding$50millioncompanies such as Topship,GoldenBridgeor thedistribution arm ofSinochem.After all,thetotalChi-nesechemicaldistribution marketisestimatedat16billion(2009),soitcertainly has thesizefor biggerplayers.Butapartfrom indicatingthelimitedunderstanding of AsianchemicaldistributionmarketsintheWestern world,thelistmay also beinterpretedto illustrateabroader

point,namely theimmaturity ofchemicaldistribution in China.A

number of aspects areproof of thisearlydevelopmentstage:thelimitedproductportfolioofChinesedistrib-utors,their limitedfocus on specificcustomer segments andindustries,and,mostimportantly,their verylimitedserviceofferings.

A tYourService

Letus takealookatasmaller U.S.chemicaldistributor,HubbardHall,with 2010 sales of about$48 mil-lion,andcomparethiscompanytoatypicalChinesechemicaldistributor.Despitethelimitedsize, HubbardHalloffersabroadrangeofservices: Blending andpackaging Customizedformulations Storageand handling of

chemicals Laboratory analyses Tankcleaning Safety training Process audits Drumless delivery services

Suchserviceofferingsarequitetypi-

calfor chemicaldistributors in thedevelopedmarkets andaccountforalargeshareoftheirsalesandmar-

gins.In contrast,Chinesedistribu-tors of similar sizeprimarily focuson trading andlogistics of chemi-cals.With afewnotableexceptionssuch as Zhong Yung (which offerstolling,blending andmarketinginformation services notavailablefrom its competitors),their serviceofferings arequitelimited.

Coming backto our example,HubbardHallprovides abroadportfolio of materials includingelectronicchemicals,heat-transferfluids,metal treatmentandfin-ishing chemicals,paintstrippingchemicals,phosphatecoatings,rustprevention chemicals,andwatertreatmentchemicals.Again,this isafairly typicalportfolio for aWest-

ern chemicaldistributor,with its

largeshareof relatively special-izedformulations.In contrast,mostChinesechemicaldistributors haveonly arather limitedportfolio (of-ten just20-50 differentchemicals,noneof which areformulations),andinsteadof sophisticatedformu-lations for specific industries,theirproducts aremainly basic solventsand/or plastics.Consequently,whileWesterndistributorsfrequentlyspe-cializein specific customer indus-tries andtry to offer them as broadaportfolio as possible,Chinesedis-tributorsaremoredrivenbyvolumeproducts andtendto focus on onlythebiggestcustomer industries.

A n Un developedMarket

This does notmean thatchemicaldistributors in Chinado nothave

an importantrole.Given thevastgeo-graphicalexpanseofChinaandthehigherimportanceof intimatecustomer knowledge(notleastwith regardtooffering andcontrollingpaymentterms),particularlyWestern companies definitelyneeddistributors to servelargemarketsegments.However,atthemoment,thedistribution marketmay indeedberegardedas imma-turecomparedwith Western mar-kets.In China,mostdistribution isinprice-sensitivesegmentswithlowmargins (1 %-4 %) rather than inthehigher-margin (5%andabove)segments in which services areim-portantandwhich aremuch more

importantin Western distributionmarkets.Thereasons for this dif-ferencearemanifold.Chinesedis-tributors prefer to focus on tradinglargevolumes of alimitednumberof chemicals rather than on maxi-mizing their margins.

Load quickly

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ChemicalConnectionAs a link between producers and customers in the

complex supply chain ofthechemical industry,chemical distributors arefacing

numerouschallenges.Inadditiontomatchingsupplyanddemandanddelivering

chemicalsandformulationsinatimelyandsafemanner,distributorshavetooffer

additional services to their principals and buyers and earn a profitablemargin in

anincreasinglycompetitivepricingenvironment.Inrecentyears,compliancewith

tightened regulatory standards or sustainability and responsibility requirements

havealsobecomemorerelevantforthedistributionsector.Internationaldistribu-

torsliketheGermanBiesterfeldGroupneedtocopewiththisdemandingbusiness

environment.In thecourseofmorethan 100years ofexistencethetraditional

Hamburgtradinghousehas developed into a groupwith worldwideactivities in

theareasofpolymers,specialtychemicals,industrialandagrochemicalsaswellas

pharmaceuticalrawmaterialsandagents.Thisproductportfolioiscomplemented

with a rangeofservices in thefields ofchemistry,logistics and related compli-

ancemanagement.Biesterfelds CEO Birger Kuck,a speaker at this years annual

congress oftheEuropean AssociationofChemicalDistributors (FECC),elucidates

thechallenges and success factors for his industry.

Globalizationdefinitivelyhas

changedourbusiness.

BirgerKuck,CEO,Biesterfeld

Continues Page8

Continues Page4

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