Ukraine marked its 25th year of post-Soviet inde-pendence in 2016 with a military parade throughdowntown Kiev and an address by Pres. Petro

Poroshenko. He stressed unity in the face of a Russian-backed frozen conflict in Ukraine’s Donbas region.Although the line of control in eastern Ukraine had large-ly stabilized in the wake of a 2015 cease-fire agreement,skirmishes remained a daily occurrence, and nearly 10,000people had been killed since fighting began in April 2014.The election of Donald Trump as president of the UnitedStates in November sent shock waves through Ukraine, asTrump had openly expressed his admiration for RussianPres. Vladimir Putin. Days after Trump was elected,Ukrainian authorities dropped the investigation into PaulManafort, a former manager of Trump’s campaign, overfinancial ties to deposed Ukrainian president ViktorYanukovych.

DemographyPopulation (2016): 44,921,000.Density (2016): persons per sq mi192.7, persons per sq km 74.4.

Sex distribution (20162): male46.29%; female 53.71%.

Population projection: (2020)44,630,000; (2030) 42,370,000.

Major cities (20162): Kiev 2,906,569;Kharkiv 1,449,732; Odesa (Odessa)1,010,848; Dnipropetrovsk 983,836;Donetsk 929,063.

Urban-rural (20162):

Ukraine

Official name: Ukrayina (Ukraine).Form of government: unitary multiparty republicwith a single legislative house (VerkhovnaRada1 [450]).

Head of state: President Petro Poroshenko.Head of government: Prime Minister VolodymyrGroysman.

Capital: Kiev (Kyiv).Official language: Ukrainian.Official religion: none.Monetary unit: hryvnya (UAH); (Sept. 1, 2016)1 U.S.$ = UAH 26.65; 1 £ = UAH 35.44.

Ethnic composition (2001):

Religious affiliation (2004):

Area and populationarea population area population

20152 20152

Regions sq km estimate Regions sq km estimate

Cherkasy 20,900 1,251,816Chernihiv 31,865 1,055,673Chernivtsi 8,097 909,965Dnipropetrovsk 31,974 3,276,637Donetsk 26,517 4,297,250Ivano-Frankivsk 13,928 1,382,553Kharkiv 31,415 2,731,302Kherson 28,461 1,067,876Khmelnytsky 20,645 1,301,242Kirovohrad 24,588 980,579Kyiv (Kiev) 28,131 1,729,234Luhansk 26,684 2,220,151Lviv 21,833 2,537,799Mykolayiv 24,598 1,164,342Odesa (Odessa) 33,310 2,396,422Poltava 28,748 1,448,975Rivne 20,047 1,161,151

Sumy 23,834 1,123,448Ternopil 13,823 1,069,936Vinnytsya 26,513 1,610,573Volyn 20,144 1,042,918Zakarpattya (Transcarpathia) 12,777 1,259,570

Zaporizhzhya 27,180 1,765,926Zhytomyr 29,832 1,255,966

Autonomousrepublic/disputed area

Krym (Crimea)3 26,081 1,895,915

CitiesKiev (Kyiv) 839 2,887,974Sevastopol 864 398,973TOTAL 603,628 45,224,166

Age breakdown (20162):

Vital statisticsBirth rate per 1,000 population (2015): 10.7 (world avg. 19.5).Death rate per 1,000 population (2015): 14.5 (world avg. 8.1).Life expectancy at birth (2015): male 66.4 years; female 76.3years.

Adult population (ages 15–49) living with HIV (2015): 0.9%(world avg. 0.8%).

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National economyBudget (2008). Revenue: UAH 229,597,600,000 (tax revenue 73.8%,

of which VAT 40.1%, tax on profits 20.7%; nontax rev-enue 19.9%; grants 3.4%; other 2.9%). Expenditures:UAH 241,490,100,000 (public services 33.4%; social pro-tection 22.0%; education and health 12.4%; fuel andenergy 6.4%).

Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture,forestry, fishing (2014): corn (maize) 28,496,810, wheat24,113,970, potatoes 23,693,350, sugar beets 15,734,050,sunflower seeds 10,133,750, barley 9,046,060, soybeans3,881,930, rapeseed 2,198,020, apples 1,211,4005, sourcherries 200,8005, garlic 185,6005; livestock (number oflive animals) 7,922,200 pigs, 4,534,000 cattle; roundwood(2015) 18,337,000 cu m, of which fuelwood 55%;

fisheries production 138,662 (from aquaculture 18%). Mining andquarrying (2013): iron ore (2013–14) 69,944,000; ilmenite 670,000;manganese9 515,000; gypsum 430,000. Manufacturing (value of salesin UAH ’000,000,000; 2012): food products, beverages, and tobaccoproducts 254.5; base and fabricated metals 223.8; textiles and wear-ing apparel 98.8; transportation equipment 74.0; refined petroleumproducts 63.1; chemicals 60.0. Energy production (consumption):electricity (’000,000 kW-hr; 2014) 171,000 (143,000), by source(2013): fossil fuels 49.7%; nuclear energy 43.1%; renewable energy7.2%, of which hydroelectric 7.2%; coal (metric tons; 2013–14)57,400,00010 ([2013] 70,800,00010); crude petroleum (barrels;2013–14) 20,700,000 ([2011] 58,400,000); petroleum products (met-ric tons; 2012) 4,968,000 ([2011] 11,550,000); natural gas (’000,000cu m; 2013–14) 17,000 ([2013] 48,000); peat (metric tons; 2011)736,000 (n.a.).

Average household size (2011): 2.6.Public debt (external, outstanding; 2014): U.S.$34,549,000,000.Population economically active (2013): total (2015) 18,097,900; par-ticipation rates: ages 15–70, male 71.6%; female 58.9%; unem-ployed 7.2%, of which youth (ages 15–24) 17.4%.

Gross national income (GNI; 2015): U.S.$112,432,000,000(U.S.$2,620 per capita); purchasing power parity GNI (U.S.$7,810per capita).

Land use as % of total land area (2011): in temporary crops 54.0%,left fallow 2.1%, in permanent crops 1.5%, in pasture 13.6%, forestarea 16.8%.

MilitaryTotal active duty personnel (November 2015):

204,000 (army 71.1%, navy 2.9%, air force/air defense 26.0%); reserve 9,000,000.Russian forces in Crimea3 (November 2015)28,000. Military expenditure as percentage ofGDP (2015): 4.3%; per capita expenditureU.S.$88.

Foreign trade8

Imports (2013): U.S.$76,964,000,000 (machinery andapparatus 16.2%, natural gas [in gaseous state]15.0%, chemicals and chemical products 11.0%, trans-portation equipment 7.7%, plastic and rubber 6.0%). Major import sources:

Exports (2013): U.S.$63,312,000,000 (iron and steel22.6%, machinery and apparatus 11.0%, cereals10.1%, chemicals and chemical products 6.8%, ores,slag, and ash 6.1%, crude and refined petroleum 4.5%,metal ore/metal scrap 4.1%). Major export destinations:

Transport and communicationsTransport. Railroads (2013): route length 13,425mi, 21,605 km; passenger-km 49,098,300,000; met-ric ton-km cargo 224,017,800,000. Roads (2013):total length 105,415 mi, 169,649 km (paved 98%);passenger-km 49,091,700,000; metric ton-km cargo 40,487,200,000. Vehicles (2011):passenger cars 6,900,541; trucks andbuses11 1,587,643.

Education and healthLiteracy (2011): 99.7%.Health (2015): physicians 186,000 (1 per 231 persons); hospitalbeds 333,000 (1 per 129 persons); infant mortality rate per1,000 live births 7.9; undernourished population (2006–08)less than 5% of total population based on the consumptionof a minimum daily requirement of 1,950 calories.

1Translated as Supreme Council. 2January 1. 3Russia forcibly annexed the Ukrainian autonomousrepublic of the Crimea in March 2014. 4Includes “Kiev patriarchy,” “Moscow patriarchy,” “no particu-lar patriarchy,” and Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox. 52013. 6Net indirect taxes and taxes on pro-duction less subsidies and less imputed bank service charges. 7Unemployed. 8Imports c.i.f.; exports f.o.b.9Metal content. 10Includes negligible (less than 1%) production/consumption of lignite. 11Includes vans.12Subscribers.

Internet resource for further information:• State Statistics Service of Ukraine www.ukrstat.gov.ua

Structure of gross domestic product and labour force2008 2010

in value % of total labour % of labourUAH ’000,000 value force force

Agriculture, forestry, fishing 64,297 6.8 4,089,700 18.5Mining and quarrying 49,714 5.2Manufacturing 179,644 18.9 3,861,700 17.5Public utilities 29,583 3.1Construction 34,741 3.7 1,303,600 5.9Transp. and commun. 91,193 9.6 1,469,500 6.7Trade, restaurants 130,205 13.7 3,630,200 16.5Finance, real estate 1,033,200 4.7Pub. admin., defense } 284,353 29.9 1,106,800 5.0Services 3,771,300 17.1Other 86,1346 9.16 1,785,6007 8.17

TOTAL 949,864 100.0 22,051,600 100.0

}

Communications units unitsnumber per 1,000 number per 1,000

Medium date in ’000s persons Medium date in ’000s persons

TelephonesCellular 2015 60,72012 1,44012

Landline 2015 9,113 216

Internet users 2009 15,300 335Broadband 2015 4,97912 11812

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