uk space conference: open university session
TRANSCRIPT
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The Open University in Space
Andrew Ball, 29 March 2008
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Space in the OU Science Faculty• Planetary and Space Sciences
Research Institute– 75 people
• Earth & Environmental Sciences– 5 people (planetary
geomorphology, meteorites)• Physics & Astronomy
– 5 + astronomers (impacts, atmospheric physics, exoplanets)
• Centre for Earth, Planetary, Space and Astronomical Research
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Space-Related OU Courses• S194 Introducing Astronomy• S196 Planets: An Introduction• S197 How the Universe Works• S199 Modelling the Climate• S250 Science In Context
– incl. NEOs• S282 Astronomy• S283 Planetary Science and the
Search for Life• SXR208 Observing the Universe• S357 Space, Time and Cosmology• See http://www.open.ac.uk/courses
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CEPSAR’s Space Research• The formation of our Solar System • Minor bodies of the Solar System• Planetary surfaces (geology, geophysics,
geomorphology)• Planetary impacts• Planetary geochemistry• Origins and limits of life• Atmospheric science & climate• Exoplanets
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Research pursued through…
• World-class geochemical laboratories
• Hardware contributions to space missions
• Planetary simulation laboratories (hypervelocity impact, planetary environment)
• Ground-based observations
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Open University – flight heritage• Dust & debris detectors – ~30 years heritage• Giotto DIDSY• EuReCa, LDEF, HST solar arrays, Mars 96…• Ptolemy instrument on Rosetta Philae comet lander• Huygens Surface Science Package and entry
accelerometer• Beagle 2 – lander assembled at OU
–GAP and environmental sensors built at OU• Stardust, Genesis• ExoMars• D-CIXS and C1XS Co-Investigators• MIXS Principal Investigator
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Cassini / Huygens
Prof. John Zarnecki
CDA
SSP ESA
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What do mass spectrometers tell us?
• Elemental composition (H, N, O, S, Si, Al, Mg…..)
• Chemical information (H2O, organics?, …)
• Isotopic information (2H/1H, 15N/14N, 18O/17O/16O)
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Philae
MPG / DLR
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The MODULUS Mass Spectrometry concept: taking the PSSRI laboratory to the sample
Beagle 2 – Gas Analysis Package
Rosetta - Ptolemy
down to shoe box size…
The challenge: shrink a room full of equipment:
Methods
Of
Determining and
Understanding
Light elements from
Unequivocal
Stable isotope compositions
All isotopic results from MODULUS instruments (lab, comet, Mars, Moon…) are internally consistent and inter-comparable due to on-board reference materials
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Isotope ratio mass spectrometer(where does water come from?)
Isotope ratios:2H/1H18O/17O/16O13C/12C15N/14N
Prof. Colin Pillinger
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Summary of mass spectrometers available through OU
3 mm
GAP Ptolemy EVITA Micro MSBeagle 2 Rosetta lander Prototype PrototypeIsotope ratio MS GC-MS GC/MS,
direct entry, laser, etc.
Direct entry
C, N, O, H, Xe, Ar, Ne isotopes
Organics, volatiles,
Elemental/ molecular
Elemental/ molecular
6.5 kg <4.5 kg <1 kg 100 g?
70mm
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ESA
ExoMars, 2013
• Advanced Environmental Package
• UV / Visible Spectrometer• Entry, Descent and
Landing Science
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MoonLITE
SSTL
• Payload contributions:– Impact accelerometry
/ tilt–Volatiles detection /
geochemistry–Heat flow
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Microbial Survival in Space• A study of interplanetary transfer of rock inhabiting life by means
of meteorites
• Three parts:• STONE – the effect of capturing and landing on another planet• BIOPAN VI – the effect of space travel on survival• EXPOSE – long term survival of organisms in space
• We are investigating the survival of photosynthetic bacteria (cyanobacteria) in a rock environment
• Samples were from the cliffs of Beer, Devon, UKKaren Olsson
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• STONE• Re-entry experiment
• BIOPAN (VI)- 12 days in low orbit
Biopan lunched by a Russian Foton M3
• EXPOSE• Two years on the International Space Station,
part of EuTEF
Foton M3Biopan
EXPOSE
EuTEF
Karen Olsson
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Other Missions• Sample Returns
–Stardust: cometary coma dust–Genesis: solar wind–Asteroids (Hayabusa, Marco Polo,…)–Mars Sample Return
• Outer planets flagship–TANDEM / TSSM–LaPlace / EJSM
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OU Ph.D. Opportunities!• See http://cepsar.open.ac.uk/
• Contacts:–PSSRI: Simon Green,
[email protected]–Physics & Astronomy: Glenn White,
[email protected]–Earth & Env. Sciences: Janet Dryden,