UK Approach to National Security

19 Jan 11

> Our approach> National Security Strategy> Strategic Defence and Security Review -

SDSR

Content

Approach

> Defence as part of National Security> Afghanistan> Trident Value for Money Study> Defence Reform Unit> Regular Reviews

> Strategic Context> Britain’s Distinctive Role> National Security Risk Assessment> Adaptable Britain> National Security Tasks & Planning Guidelines

National Security Strategy

> Strategic Context

– Terrorism - international and NI-related– Changing character of conflict– Increasingly multi-polar and interconnected– Scientific and technological innovation– Social and demographic trends– Climate change and natural resources

National Security Strategy

> Britain’s Distinctive Role

– Connected and at the heart of many global networks– Role in international affairs– Enlightened national self-interest– Openness exposes us to risks and opportunities– Our response - 2 strategic objectives:

• A secure and resilient UK• Shaping a stable world

National Security Strategy

> National Security Risk Assessment

– Domestic and overseas; 5 and 20 years– Likelihood and impact– Vulnerability– Tier 1 risks:

• Cyber• International military crisis• International terrorism• Major accident or natural hazard

National Security Strategy

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Likelihood

Impact

> Adaptable Britain

– Respond to highest priority risks– Respond to low probability but very high impact risks– Focus on upstream activity– Retain a broad spectrum of security and defence

capabilities– Strengthen relationships with key allies– Coordinate and integrate whole of Government

response

National Security Strategy

> National Security Tasks & Planning Guidelines– Identify and monitor risks and opportunities;– Tackle the causes of instability;– Exert influence;– Enforce domestic law and strengthen international norms;– Protect the UK and our interests at home, at our border, and

internationally;– Help resolve conflicts and contribute to stability. Where necessary,

intervene overseas;– Provide resilience;– Work in alliances and partnerships.

National Security Strategy

> Process> Principles> Military Tasks> Planning Assumptions> Force Structure> Decisions

SDSR

Phase 1 - Policy Baseline

Publication

Phase 3 - Force Testing

Phase 6 - Implementation

Policy and Capability StudiesPolicy and Capability StudiesPhase 2 - Policy and Capability Studies

May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Phase 4 - Synthesis and

Costing

Phase 5 - Decision and Presentation

SDSR Process

May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Phase 1 - Policy Baseline

Publication

Phase 3 - Force Testing

Phase 6 - Implementation

Policy and Capability StudiesPolicy and Capability

StudiesPhase 2 - Policy and Capability

Studies

Phase 4 - Synthesis and

Costing

Phase 5 - Decision and Presentation

SDSR Wider Process

Green Paper

Future Character of Conflict

Jul 09 Feb 10

Feb 09 Feb 10

Global Strategic Trends

mid-08 Feb 10

> Use of Armed Forces> National interest> Upstream activity> Flexibility

Principles

> Providing strategic intelligence> Providing nuclear deterrence> Defending the UK and its Overseas Territories> Supporting civil emergency organisations in times of crisis> Providing a Defence contribution to UK influence> Defending our interests by projecting power strategically

and through expeditionary interventions> Providing security for stabilisation

Military Tasks

Policy ChoicesPrioritise Capabilities and shape the force structure to achieve affordability

Homeland Influence Intervention Stabilisation

Matching Resource to Aspiration

Increasing Levels ofAmbition

Developing the Policy Response

The Armed Forces in the future will be sized and shaped to conduct:

• an enduring stabilisation operation at around brigade level (up to 6,500 personnel) with maritime and air support as required, while also conducting:

• one non-enduring complex intervention (up to 2,000 personnel), and• one non-enduring simple intervention (up to 1,000 personnel);

OR alternatively:• three non-enduring operations if we were not already engaged in an enduring

operation;

OR: • for a limited time, and with sufficient warning, committing all our effort to a

one-off intervention of up to three brigades, with maritime and air support (around 30,000, two-thirds of the force deployed to Iraq in 2003).

Defence Planning Assumptions

Future Force 2020

> Maritime defence of the UK and Overseas Territories> Nuclear Continuous at Sea Deterrence (CASD)> Credible and capable presence in priority regions> Strike – carrier strike and submarine (TLAM)

Future Force 2020> Single operational carrier; 2nd at extended readiness> 4 Vanguard SSBN and 7 Astute SSN submarines> 19 Destroyers/Frigates> 14 MCMV plus logistic support and RORO ferries> 3 Commando Brigade and Commando Helicopter Force Merlins> c30,000 by 2015; 29,000 by 2020

Royal Navy

Reductions

> Decommission HMS Ark Royal> Decommission HMS Illustrious> Decommission 4 frigates and a Bay-class amphibious

support ship> Place an amphibious landing ship (HMS Albion or

Bulwark) at extended readiness

Royal Navy

> Standing commitments eg bomb disposal and Falklands> Light specialist forces for short interventions> Multi-role forces for more complex interventions or enduring

stabilisation operations> The ability to command coalitions

Future Force 2020> 5 x multi-role brigades and 16 Air Assault Brigade> Approx 1/3 less heavy armour; but buying FRES Specialist and

Utility Variants> “Best Effort” deployment of 3 brigades> c95,000 by 2015; 94,000 by 2020

Army

Reductions

> Challenger 2 tanks by around 40%> AS90 heavy artillery by around 35%> One deployable brigade (as we restructure to 5 multi-role

brigades)> Significantly reduce non-deployable regional command

structure> Rationalise deployable headquarters

Army

> Air defence of the UK, Falklands and deployed forces> Credible and capable combat air presence> Expeditionary combat air incl strategic and tactical airlift> ISTAR and RAF Regiment ground units

Future Force 2020> Typhoon and JSF (Carrier Variant - jointly operated by RN & RAF)> C17, A400M, Airbus A330 transport/tanker> Chinook, Puma, Merlin> E3D Sentry, Rivet Joint, UAVs> c33,000 by 2015; 31,500 by 2020

Royal Air Force

Reductions

> Remove Joint Force Harrier (RN/RAF) in 2011> Do not bring the Nimrod MRA4 into service> Reduce VC-10 to refuelling role, and aim to withdraw by

2013> Remove 3 variants of Tristar from 2013> Withdraw C130J by 2022> Withdraw Sentinel once it is no longer required in

Afghanistan

Royal Air Force

> Commitment to continuous at sea submarine-based deterrent

> 1st new submarine in 2028; decision needed 2016> 8 missile tubes (vice 12)> 40 warheads per submarine (vice 48)> No more than 180 warheads (vice 225); decision on replacement

needed 2019> £3 Bn cost reduction over 10 years

Strategic Nuclear Deterrent

> Contribute to a wide range of intervention and stabilisation operations, as well as other commitments

> Maintain regular SF front line units> Significantly enhance support capabilities

Special Forces

> New UK Defence Cyber Operations Group

– Cyber operations will be conducted in parallel with more conventional actions in the maritime, land and air domains

– Mainstream cyber throughout Defence activities– A cadre of experts to secure our own networks and

develop new capabilities– Integrated planning, training and exercises– Close relationships across Government, with Allies

and with industry

Cyber

> Decrease by 25,000 to 60,000 by 2015

– Natural turnover– Limited external recruitment– Early release programme– Consultation with Trades Unions

Civil Service

> Armed Forces Covenant> Defence Estate

Other

Alliances & Partnerships

> New models of bilateral cooperation:– Greater reliance on capability, role sharing and equipment

collaboration with close Allies– Reinforced relationship with US – Intensified cooperation with France– Greater cooperation with regional partners to shared security

concerns> Enhance effectiveness of multilateral cooperation:

– UN - improve effectiveness, conflict prevention focus, coordination with NATO/EU and cyber cooperation;

– NATO reform - support Strategic Concept, NATO reform, EU/NATO cooperation

– EU - continue enlargement; focus resources on support to (civilian and military) missions.

Alliances & Partnerships

> Strategy for Defence> Technical Instruction> Defence Strategic Direction> Defence Industrial Strategy> Review of Reserves

Implementation

> Uncertainty: adaptability; readiness> Future Conflict: intelligence; precision; mobility> Independence: UK; Overseas Territories> Multilateralism: risk management> Combat Focused: reductions in non-front line areas> Affordability

SDSR Themes

Questions