ugc syllabus b - · pdf filecationic and anionic components of inorganic drugs useful for...
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KADI SARVA VISHVAVIDYALAYA
BACHELOR OF PHARMACY
SYLLABUS
STARTING FROM 2008‐09
Academic regulation for undergraduate degree level programme of pharmacy
Bachelor of pharmacy
1. Programme
The undergraduate Degree programme in Pharmacy , leading to the degree of B.Pharm. is offered by K.B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research. The programme is full time of four years duration ( 8 Semesters ) and is approved by Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya.
2. Eligibility for Admission:
As per the norms of the Gujarat Government. Admission through Joint Admission Committee only.
3. Components of a Course:
The academic schedule of the courses may consist of one or more of the following components with their respective scope as described.
a. Theory: Teaching learning process conducted in real and virtual classrooms with various multimedia aids.
b. Laboratory work/Practical work: (LPW)
This component consists of one or more of the following practical exercises.
Each set of practical exercises will form a UNIT.
Laboratory experiments and their reports,Viva,Synopsis,Industrial /Professional training Analysis.
c. Library Assignments: For certain subjects
.
4. Examinations
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The candidates having less than 80% attendance are not eligible to appear in examination.
For assessment of the course, each component corresponds to certain examination. These examinations are as follows:
Theory: Two Sessional examinations
Semester end examination.
Laboratory /Practical work: L.P.W. examination
One Sessional examination
Semester end examination
Term Assignment: TA (For certain subjects)
5. Scope of examination and assessment: In order to pass a course ,the candidates will have to pass all examinations of that course. The scope of the examinations and the method of assessment will be as follows:
a. In all assessment the overall percentage marks, if fractional will be rounded off to the next higher integer value.
b. Sessional Examination:
• There will be two Sessional examinations (First and Second) for theory Scheduled in equal Sections of the semester. It will cover proportionate syllabus covered during the period under review.
• Average of the marks obtained in two sessional examinations will be considered as internal marks.
• Ratio of external :internal marks will be 80:20 for both theory and practical.
• Semester end examination will be of 80 marks.
c. LPW examination:
All assignments in Laboratory /Practical work will be continuously /periodically assessed during the semester through synopsis.(Given out of 10 marks). Also one practical sessional exam. Will be conducted and marks will be given out of 10 marks. The sum of the two (continuous evaluation + sessional examination) will be considered as internal marks for that practical subject.
In addition there will be an examination for overall assessments at the end of semester carrying 80 marks.
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Oral examination will be included in the assessment at all possible stages. Each assessment will be given marks. The total marks of all Units of LPW will be aggregated based on their inter se heights to give the overall percentage of marks in the LPW examination.
d. Library assignment examination : For certain subjects
All exercises during the semester are given marks. Oral examination at all possible stages will be conducted. Student will be expected to prepare a project report of all assignments given and submit before the due date provided time to time. The Students will also have to present his work in front of the evaluation committee consisting of three experts.
The marks given by the three examiners will be averaged to get final score.
6. Marks in Examination
End semester examination.
To pass the examination, student must get 50 % marks( aggregate of internal and external marks) in individual subject heads. Theory and practicals will form separate heads.
7. Granting the term:
a. The term will be granted course wise.
b. The granting of compliance of the following conditions:
1. Maintaining good conduct and disciplined behaviour.
2. Maintaining minimum 80% attendance in all components of course.(as applicable)
Regular approval for remaining absent upto 20 % is necessary.
3. Obtaining passing marks in theory and practical examination both.
4. Obtaining at minimum total 50 % of total marks.
5. Failing in not more than two subjects , the student will be allowed to keep term (ATKT) for next semester. These subjects must be cleared in next two semesters. otherwise he will be considered as failed and will be allowed to continue further only when he clears these subjects.
6. If student fails in any semester, he can reappear in same examination maximum upto two consecutive semesters to clear the examination.
7. Aggregation of marks: At the end of 8th semester, aggregate marks will be calculated considering total marks obtained in all eight semesters.
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8 Interpretation of marks:
a Distinction : Will be given to student obtaining 70% marks and above. Normally it will be reserved for a very distinguished performance with respect to both marks and quality of output.
b. First class: Obtaining 60 % ‐70% marks
c. Second class: Obtaining 50 % ‐60% marks
d. Fail: Obtaining less than 50% marks
10. Industrial training:
Candidates must complete industrial training (manufacturing, R& D or hospital) of three months duration programme. A degree certificate will be issued only after submission of training certificate to the university.
Eligibility criteria for candidates seeking admission in the first year B.Pharm program of K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research.
a. For first year B. Pharm programme:
The candidates seeking admission in the first semester of degree programme leading to B. Pharm shall have to pass the higher secondary school certificate examination (10+2) or any recognized examination considered equivalent by the rules laid down by state government.
b. The following rules will be applicable to the diploma holders in pharmacy joining the B. Pharm course through lateral entry to the III semester.
Candidates seeking admission to bachelor of pharmacy after qualifying the entrance exam conducted by joint admission committee, Gujarat state will register for the semester III. (Diploma to Degree students)However, this candidates must pass the below mentioned subjects before entering semester VII.
Mathematics‐ I and II (Theory)
Basic Computer Applications(Practicals)
Pharmaceutical History(Theory)
Pharmaceutics‐I (Unit operation) (Theory & Practicals)
Basic Microbiology (Theory)
English Communication (Practical)
Library Assignment‐I
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COURSE STRUCTURE
SEMESTER‐II
SUBJECT CODE
NAME OF SUBJECT HOURS/WEEK Marks
Theory Lab. work Theory Lab work
SEMESTER‐I B11 Pharmaceutical Chemistry‐I (Inorganic) 3 3 100 100 B12 Anatomy and Physiology‐I 4 3 100 100 B13 Mathematics‐ I 4 100 ‐‐‐ B14 Basic Computer Applications ‐‐‐ 3 ‐‐‐‐ 100 B15 Pharmaceutics‐I(Unit operation‐I) 3 3 100 100 B16 Pharmaceutical History 3 ‐‐‐ 100 ‐‐‐‐ B17 Tutorial 4 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ Weekly Work load : 33h 900
B21 Pharmaceutical Chemistry‐ II (Physical Chemistry)
3 3 100 100
B22 Anatomy, Physiology‐II 4 3 100 100 B23 Mathematics‐II 5 ‐‐ 100 ‐‐‐‐ B24 Pharmaceutical Practice 3 ‐‐ 100 ‐‐‐ B25 Basic Microbiology 3 ‐‐ 100 ‐‐‐ B26 English Communication ‐‐ 3 ‐‐‐ 100 B27 Library Assignments‐I ‐‐ 3 ‐‐‐ 100 B28 Tutorial 4 ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ Weekly WorkLoad : 34h 900 SEMESTER‐III B31 Pharmaceutical Analysis‐I 3 3 100 100 B32 Pharmaceutical Chemistry – III
(Organic Chemistry – I) 3 3 100 100
B33 Pharmacognosy – I 3 3 100 100 B34 Pharmacology‐I 4 3 100 100 B35 Pharmaceutical Microbiology 3 3 100 100 B36 Pharmaceutics – II(Solid State
Pharmaceutics) 3 3 100 100
Weekly Workload : 37h 1200
SEMESTER‐IV
B41 Pharmaceutical Chemistry – IV (Organic Chemistry‐II)
3 3 100 100
B42 Pharmaceutical Analysis – II 3 3 100 100 B43 Pharmacognosy –II 3 3 100 100 B44 Pharmacology‐II 4 3 100 100
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B45 Pharmaceutics‐III(Unit operation‐II) 3 3 100 100 B46 Seminar presentations‐I 3 ‐‐‐ 100 Weekly workload : 34h
1100
SEMESTER V B51 Pharmaceutical Chemistry‐V
(Biochemistry‐I) 3 ‐ 100 ‐‐
B52 Pharmaceutics – IV 4 3 100 100
B53 Industrial Microbiology 4 ‐‐ 100 ‐‐ B54 Pharmacology – III 4 3 100 100 B55 Pharmacognosy – III 3 3 100 100 B56 Pharmaceutics‐V(Unit operation‐III) 3 3 100 100 B57 Semiar Presentations‐II ‐‐ 3 ‐‐ 100 Weekly workload : 36h 1100 SEMESTER VI B61 Pharmaceutical Chemistry – VI
(Biochemistry‐II) 3 3 100 100
B62 Pharmaceutical Chemistry‐VII (Medicinal Chemistry‐I)
3 3 100 100
B63 Pharmacology‐IV 4 3 100 100 B64 Pharmacognosy‐IV 3 3 100 100 B65 Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence &Ethics 4 ‐ 100 ‐‐ B66 Pharmaceutical Biostatistics 2 2 100 100 B67 Seminar Presentations‐III ‐‐ 3 ‐‐ 100 Weekly workload : 36h 1500
SEMESTER VII B71 Pharmaceutical Chem‐VIII (Medicinal
chemistry‐II) 3 3 100 100
B72 Clinical Pharmacy‐I 4 2 100 100 B73 Pharmacognosy ‐V 3 3 100 100 B74 Pharmaceutics‐VI (Dosage Form Design,
Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics) 3 3 100 100
B75 Pharmaceutics‐VII (Pharmaceutical Technology)
3 3 100 100
B76 Hospital Pharmacy 3 ‐ 100 100 B77 Elective (Theory) 3 ‐ 100 ‐‐ Weekly workload : 36h 1100
SEMESTER VIII
B81 Pharmaceutical Analysis‐III 3 3 100 100 B82 Pharmaceutical Chemistry‐IX (Medicinal
Chemistry‐III) 3 3 100 100
B83 Pharmacognosy‐VI 3 3 100 100 B84 Clinical pharmacy‐II 4 2 100 100
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B85 Pharmaceutics VIII (Drug Delivery Systems) 3 3 100 ‐‐ B86 Pharmaceutical Industrial Management 3 ‐ 100 ‐‐ B87 Project related to elective ‐ 3 ‐‐ 100 Weekly workload : 36h 1100
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DETAILED SYLLABUS
SEMESTER‐I
SUBJECT CODE
NAME OF SUBJECT HOURS/WEEK Marks
Theory Lab. work Theory Lab work
SEMESTER‐I B11 Pharmaceutical Chemistry‐I (Inorganic) 3 3 100 100 B12 Anatomy and Physiology‐I 4 3 100 100 B13 Mathematics‐ I 4 100 ‐‐‐ B14 Basic Computer Applications ‐‐‐ 3 ‐‐‐‐ 100 B15 Pharmaceutics‐I(Unit operation‐I) 3 3 100 100 B16 Pharmaceutical History 3 ‐‐‐ 100 ‐‐‐‐ B17 Tutorial 4 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ Weekly Work load : 33h 900
B11. Pharmaceutical Chemistry – I (Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry)
Theory 3 hrs / week
An outline of methods of preparation, uses, sources of impurities, tests for purity and identity, including limit tests for iron, arsenic, lead, heavy metals, chloride, sulphate and special tests if any, of the following classes of inorganic pharmaceuticals included in Indian Pharmacopoeia.
Acids, Bases and Gastrointestinal agents
Acids and Bases: Buffers, Water.
Major Intra‐ and Extra‐cellular Electrolytes: Physiological ions. Electrolytes used for replacement therapy, acid‐base balance and combination therapy.
Gastrointestinal Agents: Acidifying agents, Antacids, Protectives and Adsorbents, Cathartics.
Major pharmaceutically useful inorganic agents
Essential and Trace Elements: Transition elements and their compounds of Pharmaceutical
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importance: Iron and haematinics, mineral supplements.
Cationic and anionic components of inorganic drugs useful for systemic effects.
Topical Agents: Protectives, Astringents and Anti‐infectives.
Gases and Vapours : Oxygen, Anesthetics and Respiratory stimulants.
Dental Products: Dentifrices, Anti‐caries agents.
Complexing and chelating agents used in therapy
Miscellaneous agents
Miscellaneous Agents: Sclerosing agents, expectorants, emetics, poisons and antidotes, sedatives etc. Pharmaceutical Aids Used in Pharmaceutical Industry, Anti‐oxidants, preservatives, filter aids, adsorbents, diluents, excipients, suspending agents, colorants etc.
Inorganic Radio Pharmaceuticals
Inorganic Radio Pharmaceuticals: Nuclear radio pharmaceuticals, Reactions, Nomenclature, Methods of obtaining their standards and units of activity, measurement of activity, clinical applications and dosage, hazards and precautions.
Practical 3 hrs / week
The background and systematic qualitative analysis of inorganic mixtures of up to four radicals. Six Mixtures to be analyzed, preferably by semi‐micro methods. All identification tests for pharmacopoeial inorganic pharmaceuticals and qualitative tests for cations and anions should be covered.
Introduction to chemicals and chemical hazards.
Qualitative analysis of given inorganic mixture.(preliminary tests)
Qualitative analysis of given inorganic mixtures.(Atleast five cationic and two anionic)
Qualitative analysis of given inorganic mixture.(anions + cations)
To perform the limit test for chloride, sulphate, iron and lead.
To perform the assay of hydrogen peroxide, zinc oxide, copper sulphate and calcium gluconate.
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B12 . Human Anatomy & Physiology I
Theory 4hrs/week
1. Scope of anatomy and physiology and terminology used in these subjects.
2. Structure of cell, its components and functions: Body fluids & its composition, transport mechanisms across the cell membrane, Cell cycle
3. Elementary tissues of the human body: Epithelial, connective muscular and nervous tissues, their sub‐type and characteristics.
4. Osseous system: Structure, composition and functions of skeleton, classification of joints, types of movements at joints, Disorders of joints.
5. Skeletal muscles: Their gross anatomy, physiology of muscle contraction, physiological properties of skeletal muscle and their disorders.
6. Haemopoietic system: Composition and function of blood and its elements, their disorders, blood groups and their significance, mechanism of coagulation, disorders of platelets and coagulation.
7. Lymph and Lymphatic system: Composition, formation and circulation of lymph, disorders of lymph and lymphatic system. Basic physiology and functions of spleen.
8. Cardiovascular system: Basic anatomy of the heart, physiology of heart, blood vessels and circulation. Basic understanding of cardiac cycle, heart sound and electrocardiogram. Blood pressure and its regulation. Brief outline of cardiovascular disorders like hypertension, hypotension, arteriosclerosis, angina, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia
Health Education:
9. Concepts of health & disease
10. Classification of food requirements, balanced diet, nutritional deficiency disorders, their treatment and prevention, specifications for drinking water.
11. Demography and family planning: Demography cycle, family planning, various contraceptive methods.
12. First Aid: Emergency treatment of shock, snake bites, burns, poisoning, fractures and resuscitation methods.
Practical 3hrs/week
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Introduction to microscope.
To study the various tissue permanent slide.
To study the skeletal system using model.
To study the various instrument used for electrophysiology of skeletal muscle.
To find out the bleeding time of own blood.
To find out the clotting time of own blood.
Introduction to haemoglobinometer and haemocytometer.
To find out hemoglobin content, oxygen carrying capacity and color index of own blood.
To find out total leukocyte (WBC) count of own blood.
To find out total RBC count of own blood.
To determine blood group of own blood.
Health Education:
Introduction to food requirement, balanced diet and different types of nutrition using chart representation (seminar and discussion).
Introduction to first aid kit.
Study of various contraceptive techniques using chart (seminar and discussion).
Chart representation of communicable diseases.
Chart representation of non communicable/common diseases.
Books Recommended:
1. Human Physiology By C. C. Chatterjee
2. Principles Of Human Anatomy And Physiology By Tortora
3. Textbook Of Medical Physiology By Guyton And Hall
4. Basic Human Physiology By Guyton
5. The Living Body By Best And Taylor
6. Practical Anatomy And Physiology By C.L.Ghai
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7. Principles Of Anatomy And Physiology By Marieb
8. Review Of Medical Physiology By William F. Ganong
9. Practical Anatomy And Physiology By R. K. Goyal
B13 Mathematics‐I
Theory 4hrs/week
Mathamatical Functions: 15
Definition, Domain and range of function, various types of functions, inverse functions, examples.
Continuity and limit 15
Trignometry: 10
Introduction, measurement of angles – degree and radian, trignometric and inverse trignometic functions of standard angles, addition formula, factor formula, use of trignometric tables, examples
Differentiation: 25
Concept and definition, derivatives of some elementary functions, working rules, successive differentiation, examples and applications
Integration: 25
Definition of indefinite integral, integration of various functions,
Methods of integration:
Substitution method
Integration by parts
Partial fractions
Special integration, Definite integration and its properties, examples
Introduction to Probability 10
Definitions, Terms and concepts, Theorems and Applications of Proabability
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
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“Elements Of Probability And Statistics”: M.I. Baisnals And M.Jas 1993. Tata Macgraw Hill Publishing Co.
(E)
Theory And Problems Of Advanced Calculus (Sic Metric) Edition”: Murray R. Spiegel Scharun’s Outline Series, Mcgraw Hill Book Co.
(E)
Differential Calculus: Shanti Narayan, 1997, Shyam Lal Charitable Trust. (E)
Integral Calculus: Shanti Narayan, 1997. S.Chand And Co. (E)
Frank Mathematics For B.Pharm., G.D. Dhall, S.N. Chhibber, Hariom Trivedi. (E)
Functions, Statistics and Trigonometry‐ Scott, Foresman (Sg)
What is Mathematics? Lourant, Robbins, Stewart (Sg)
Mathematics‐ Applications and connections‐ Course ‐1 and Course – 2, Gluencoe, Mcgraw Hill
(Sp)
Middle grade Mathematics – Chapin, Illingworth (Sp)
B14 Basic Computer Application
Practical 3 hrs/week
Computer Fundamentals: MS‐Office, Networking and Internet, 20
MS‐Word 40
Preparation of documents that include text, tables, figures, calculation steps and formatting of such documents.
MS‐Excel 40
To perform calculations for
Chemical kinetics (zero and first order)
Area under curve
Solubility, buffers, fitration, acid‐base titration, oxidation‐reduction
Physical Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Engineering
Preparation of graphs
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
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Manuals provided with the licensed version of the software
Computer Applications and Basic Biostatistics: H. B. Bhadka, Dr. N. N. Jani, Dr. G. R. Kulkarni, Akshat Publications
B15 Pharmaceutics I (Unit operation‐I)
Theory 3 hrs/week
Principles of Heat transfer: 30
Sources of heat, heat transfer, mathematical problems on heat transfer, mode and laws of heat transfer, steam and electricity as heating media, determination of requirement of amount of steam/ electrical energy, steam pressure, Handling of steam.
Material of plant construction and corrosion: 10
General study of composition, corrosion, resistance, properties and application of the materials of construction with special reference to stainless steel and glass.
Industrial hazards and safety precautions: 10
Mechanical, chemical, electrical, fire and dust hazards, industrial dermatitis and accidents records etc. Methods of avoiding/overcoming hazards.( Pecautions). Industrial applications,Safety regulations, recent innovations.
States of Matter: 25
Properties of matter: States of matter, change in state of matter, latent heats and vapour pressure, sublimation‐critical point, eutectic mixtures, gases, aerosols, inhalers, relative humidity, liquid complexes, liquid crystals, glassy state, solid crystalline and amorphous, polymorphism
Stoichiometry: 20
Unit processes, material and energy balance, Molecular unit mole fraction, tie substance, gas laws, mole volume, primary and secondary quantities, equilibrium state, rate process, steady and unsteady state, dimensionless equations, dimensionless formula, dimensionless group, different types of graphical representation, mathematical problems.
Manometers and its use in measurement of pressure. 05
PRACTICALS 3 hrs/week
To determine the overall heat transfer coefficient of the given condenser.
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To determine the amount of heat transferred by condensation through resistance in series.
To determine the amount of heat transferred by condensation through resistance in parallel.
To study the effect of lagging in heat transfer capacity of the heat exchanger.
To determine concentration of sodium bicarbonate by material balance.
To calculate the conc. of thick liquor by material balance and analysis of residue.
To determine the fuel value of a given fuel and calculate the radiation loss.
To measure the gas line pressure with different manometer.
To determine the vacuum creating efficiency of the ejector pump.
To determine the volume transfer capacity of the ejector pump.
To determine the water vapour permeability across the given plastic material.
To evaluate the glass container for its suitability for packaging pharmaceutical liquids in terms of powdered glass and water attack test.
To study the corrosion susceptibility of a metal.
To demonstrate the use of fire‐extinguisher.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
Tutorial Pharmacy: Cooper & Gun E
Pharmaceutical Engineering by CVS Subramanium E
Physical Pharmacy By Alfred Martin E
Pharmaceutical Engineering By K.Sambamurthy Sg
Elementary Chemical Engineering By Max S. Peters. Sg
Unit Operations Of Chemical Engineering By Mccabe, Smith & Harriott. Sg
Corrosion And Corrosion Control: Uhlig Herbert Sg
Corrosion And Corrosion Protection Handbook: Schweltzer Philip Sg
Unit Operation Hand Book Vol‐1: Mc Ketta John Sg
Unit Operation Hand Book Vol‐2: Mc Ketta John Sg
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Introduction To Chemical Engineering: Badger Walter Sp
Perry’s Chemical Engineer’s Handbook By Robert Perry Sp
Principles Of Unit Operations: Foust Alan Sp
B16 Pharmaceutical History
B17 Tutorial
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SEMESTER‐II
B21 Pharmaceutical Chemistry‐ II
(Physical Chemistry)
3 3 100 100
B22 Anatomy, Physiology‐II 4 3 100 100
B23 Mathematics‐II 5 ‐‐ 100 ‐‐‐‐
B24 Pharmaceutical Practice 2 ‐‐ 100 ‐‐‐
B25 Basic Microbiology 2 ‐‐ 100 ‐‐‐
B26 English Communication ‐‐ 3 ‐‐‐ 100
B27 Library Assignments‐I ‐‐ 3 ‐‐‐ 100
B28 Tutorial 4 ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐
Weekly WorkLoad : 32h 900
B21 Pharmaceutical Chemistry – II (Physical Chemistry)
Theory 3 hr/week
1. Gaseous and solid state chemistry
2. Behaviour of Gases: Kinetic theory of gases, deviation from behaviours and explanation.
3. Solid State: Crystalline structures, lattices, physical properties.
4. Adsorption: Freudlich and Gibbs adsorption isotherms, Langmuir theory of adsorption.
5. The Liquid State
6. The Liquid State: Physical properties (surface tension, parachor, viscosity, refractive index, optical rotation, dipole moments and chemical constituents).
7. Solutions: Ideal and real solutions, solutions of gases in liquids, colligative properties, partition coefficient, conductance and its measurement, Debye Huckel theory.
8. Thermodynamics
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9. Thermodynamics: first, second and third laws, Zeroth law, absolute temperature scale, thermochemical equations, phase euqilibria and phase rule.
10. Photochemistry
11. Photochemistry: consequences of light absorption, Jablenski diagram, Lambert‐Beer Law, Quantum efficiency.
12. Chemical Kinetics
13. Chemical Kinetics: Zero, first and second order reactions, complex reactions, theories or reaction kinetics, characteristics of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, acid base and enzyme catalysis.
14. Quantum Mechanics
15. Quantum Mechanics: Postulates of quantum mechanics, operators in quantum mechanics, the Schrödinger wave equation.
Practicals 3 hr/week
1) Introduction to laboratory glasswares and analytical balance 1.
2) To determine the viscosity and specific gravity of the given liquids 2.
3) To determine the surface tension of the given liquids 3.
4) To study the effect of temperature on viscosity and surface tension of the given liquids 4.
5) To determine the molecular weight of unknown compound by Rast’s Camphor method 5.
6) To study the first order reaction kinetics and to determine its rate constant 6.
7) To study the second order reaction kinetics and to determine its rate constant 7.
8) To check the validation of Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm using charcoal and acetic acid. 8.
9) To find out the specific rotation of the given sample using polarimeter. 9.
10) Preparation and standardization of sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, potassium permanganate solutions 10.
Books Recommended
1) Bentley And Driver’s Textbook Of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Revised By L M Atherden, Oxford University Press, 8th Edition, 1969.
2) Textbook Of Physical Chemistry, Samuel Glasstone, Macmillan India Limited, 2nd Edi, 1995.
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3) Advanced Physical Chemistry, Gurdeep Raj, Goel Publishing House, 1st Edi, 1980.
4) Advanced Practical Physical Chemistry, J B Yadav, Goel Publishing House, 15th Ed., 1997
B22 Human Anatomy & Physiology II
Theory 4hrs/week
1. Central Nervous System: Functions of different parts of brain and spinal cord. Neurohumoral transmission in the central nervous system, reflex action, electroencephalogram, cranial nerves and their functions.
2 Autonomic Nervous System: Physiology and functions of the autonomic nervous system. Mechanism of neurohumoral transmission in the A.N.S
3 Sense Organs: Basic anatomy and physiology of the eye (vision), ear (hearing), taste buds, nose (smell) and skin (superficial receptors).
4 Digestive System: Gross anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract functions of its different‐ parts including those of liver, pancreas and gall bladder. Various gastro‐intestinal secretions and their role in the absorption and digestion of food, disorders of digestive system.
5 Respiratory system: Anatomy of respiratory organs, functions of respiration, mechanism and regulation of respiration, respiratory volumes and capacity.
6 Urinary System: Various parts, structures and functions of the kidney and urinary tract. Physiology of urine formation and acid base balance. Diseases of the urinary system.
7 Reproductive system: Male and Female reproductive system and their hormones. Physiology of menstruation, coitus and fertilization. Sex differentiation, spermatogenesis, pregnancy its maintenance and parturition.
8 Endocrine System: Basic anatomy and physiology of pituitary, thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenals, Pancreas, Testes and ovary, their hormones and functions.
Practical 3hrs/week
1. To study the central nervous system using model (brain, spinal cord, etc..)
2. To study the various sense organs (eye, ear, nose and skin).
3. To study the digestive system using model.
4. To study their GIT organ slides.
5. To study the male/female reproductive system using model.
6. To study the respiratory system using model.
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7. To record and measure the lung volumes and the vital capacity of healthy human subject using spirometer.
8. To study the urinary system using model.
9. To study the properties of normal urine and perform the analysis for it.
10. To analyze the abnormal constituents of a given sample of urine.
Books Recommended:
1. Human Physiology By C. C. Chatterjee
2. Principles Of Human Anatomy And Physiology By Tortora
3. Textbook Of Medical Physiology By Guyton And Hall
4. Basic Human Physiology By Guyton
5. The Living Body By Best And Taylor
6. Practical Anatomy And Physiology By C.L.Ghai
7. Price’s Textbook Of The Practice Of Medicine By Ronald Scott.
8. Principles Of Anatomy And Physiology By Marieb
9. Review Of Medical Physiology By William F. Ganong
B23 Mathematics‐II
Theory
Applications of Differentiation:
Maxima and Minima: Extreme values of a function‐rule, Application in pharmacy, Mean value Theorems, Rolle’s theorem, Lay range’s Mean value theorem, Cauchy’s mean value theorem, Indeterminate forms, L’Hospital Rule for intermediate forms 15
Partial differentiation: 20
Functions of two variables, partial derivatives, composite functions and their derivatives, Implicit functions and their derivatives, Homogenous functions, Euler’s theorem
Integration‐ Reduction formula, gamma and beta functions‐ Definition and
Properties, examples
Differential equations of first order first degree 25
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Definition‐ order and degree
Solution of differential equation
Differential equations and their solution
• Variable separable equations •
• Homogenous Differential equations •
• Linear Differential equations •
• Exact Differential equations •
Differential equation of order n‐ definitions, methods
Laplace Transform
Definition, L.T. of standard functions, Properties of L.T. Inverse L.T. with its properties, convolution theorem, applications of L.T. to solve differential equation, examples 25
Mathematical Modeling
Construction of mathematical modeling 15
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Advanced Mathematics For Pharmacy By Atul Prakashan 1. E(E)
2. Advanced Mathematics For Pharmacy By Dr. K.R.Kachot 2. ((E)
3. Differential Calculus: Shanti Narayan, 1997, Shyam Lal Charitable Trust. 3. ((Sg)
4. Integral Calculus: Shanti Narayan, 1997. S.Chand And Co. 4. ((Sg)
5. Theory And Problems Of Advanced Calculus (Sic Metric) Edition: Murray R. Spiegel Scharun’s Outline Series, Mcgraw Hill Book Co. 5. ((Sg)
6. Differential Equations Frank Ayres Jr. 1st Edition: Schaum’s Outline Series. Mcgraw Hill Book Co. 6. ((Sp)
7. Differential Equation‐ A First Course: Guterman And Nitecki, 2nd Edition: Saunder’s College Publishing 7. ((Sp)
B24 Pharmaceutical Practice
Theory 2 hrs/ week
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The prescription: Handling of prescription, source of errors in prescription, care required in dispensing procedures including labeling of dispensed products 20
Pharmaceutical calculations: Posology, calculation of doses for infants, adults and elderly patients, enlarging and reducing recipes, percentage solutions, allegation, alcohol dilution, proof spirit, isotonic solutions, displacement value etc. 20
Classification of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Significance of classification, different classifications based on the following; methods of preparation. Galenicals and non‐galenicals preparations, sterile and non‐sterile preparations. Physical classification, pharmacological classification, classification according to mode of application, pharmaceutical. Classification according to name of manufactures.
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Galenical liquid aqueous dosage forms
Infusions, decoctions, galenical liquid non‐aqueous dosage forms, alcoholic dosage forms (tinctures, fluidextracts), oleaginous dosage forms (oleoresins, infused oils), galenical solid dosage forms. Extracts, resins.
Non galenical aqueous liquid dosage forms
Aqueous dosage forms, waters, diluted acids solutions, douches, enemas, gargles, washes, juices, ophthalmic solutions. Sweet viscid aqueous dosage forms, syrups, honeys, mucilages, jellies, aqueous suspensions, suspensions, mixtures, magmas, gels, lotions.
Non‐glaenical non‐aqueous dosage forms
Alcoholic solutions, spirits, elixirs, dental liniments, ethereal solutions (collodions), glycerin solution (glycerites), oleaginous dosage forms (oleo vitamins, toothache drops, inhalations, sprays, liniments, emulsions.
Original pack dispensing: Methods, Equipments & accessories. 40
Labeling and Packaging of dispensed medicines 20
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. “Pharmaceutical Practice” By Diana M. Collett And Michale E. Aulton. Elbs Publishers. E
2. “Dispensing For Pharmaceutical Students” By Cooper And Gunn By S.J.Carter, Cbs Publishers E
3. “Pharmaceutical Calculations” By Mitchell J. Stoklosa & Howard C. Ansel, By B.I. Waverly Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi E
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4. “Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms And Drug Delivery Systems” By Howard C. Ansel By Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Sg
5. “Remington: The Science And Practice Of Pharmacy”, Mac Publishers Sg
6. “Drug And Cosmetics Act And Rules” By Vijay Malik Sg
7. “A Practical Guide To Pharmaceutical Care”, Rovers John P. Ed. (Et Al...), American Pharmaceutical Association Sg
8. “Current Dispensing Practices”, Nanda Arun, Vallabh Prakashan Sp
9. “Pharmacy Practice For Technicians”, Ballington Don A., New Age International Publication Sp
B25 Basic Microbiology
Theory 2 hrs/week
1. General Microbiology
Historical introduction, scope of microbiology with special reference to pharmaceutical sciences. Nomenclature in classification of micro‐organisms including virus, rickettsia, bacteria, fungi and protozoa. 10
2.Bacteria
Classification of bacteria, cell structure, morphology and functions, growth factors, growth characteristics and growth curve, nutritional requirement and nutritional factors effecting growth, Different type of media and staining procedures. 25
3.Infections
Study of infections caused by following bacterial genera:
Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Salmonella, Cholera, Mycobacterium, Helicobacter.
Various viral and rickettsial infections including rabbies, hepititus, AIDS and other emerging patogens. Rickettsial infections including leishmania and protozoal infections including malaria and others. Normal flora of human body. 25
4.Microbiology of air, water and soil. 40
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Principles Of Microbiology By Ronald M. Atlas, W.C. Brown Publishers (E)
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2. Pharmaceutical Microbiology By W.B. Hugo And A.D.Rusell, Blackwell Science (Sg)
3. “Fundamentals Of Microbiology”, Frobisher, W B Saunders Publication (Sp)
4. “Introduction To Medical Microbiology”, Ananthanarayan R., Orient Longman Publication (Sg)
5. “Introduction To Microbiology”, Rao A.S., Prentice‐Hall Of India (Sg)
6. “General Microbiology”, Stanier, Macmillan Publication (Sp)
7. “Mechanisma Of Microbial Disease”, Schaechter Moselio, Williams And Wilkins Publication (Sp)
8. “Medical Microbiology : A Guide To Microbial Infection ‐ Pathogenesis Immunity Laboratory Diagnosis And Control”, Greenwood David Ed., Churchill Livingstone Publication (Sp)
9. “Medical Microbiology”, Baron Ellen Jo (Et Al...), Willey ‐ Liss Publication (Sp)
10. “Microbiology”, Pelczar Michael J., Tata Mcgraw‐Hill Publication (Sp)
11. “Microbiology An Introduction”, Tortora Gerard, Benjamin Cumming Publication (Sp)
12. Bergey’s Manual Of Systematic Bacteriology By Williams & Wilkins‐ A Waverly Co. (Sp)
B26 English Communication
B27 Library Assignment
B28 Tutorial
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SEMESTER‐III
B31 Pharmaceutical Analysis‐I 3 3 100 100
B32 Pharmaceutical Chemistry – III
(Organic Chemistry – I)
3 3 100 100
B33 Pharmacognosy – I 3 3 100 100
B34 Pharmacology‐I 4 3 100 100
B35 Pharmaceutical Microbiology 3 3 100 100
B36 Pharmaceutics – II(Solid State Pharmaceutics)
3 3 100 100
Weekly Workload : 37h 1200
B31 Pharmaceutical Analysis I Theory 3 hrs/week
Errors and stastistics
Types of error, Precision and accuracy, Mean and Standard deviation, Confidence intrval,Comparasion of results and means of two samples,Paired T‐test, Q‐test, Corelation and linear regression, comparision of more than two means, Significant figures, Rules for retaining significant digits.
Sampling
Basis of sampling, sampling procedure and selection of sample,factors affecting sampling: sampling and physical state,crushing,grinding and hazards in sampling.
Introduction to titrimetric analysis:
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Significance of quantitative analysis in quality control, Different techniques of analysis, Preliminaries and definitions, Fundamentals of volumetric analysis, methods of expressing concentration, primary and secondary standards
Titrimetric methods
Acid Base Titrations: Acid base concepts, Role of solvent, Relative strengths of acids and bases, Ionization, Law of mass action, Common‐ion effect, Ionic product of water, pH, Hydrolysis of salts, Henderson‐Hessel bach equation, Buffer solutions, neutralization curves, Acid‐base indicators, Theory of indicator, Choice of indicators,
Choice of indicators, mixed indicators, Polyprotic system, Polyamine and amino acid systems, Amino acid titration, applications in assay of H3PO4, NaOH, CaCO3 etc.
Oxidation Reduction Titrations: Concepts of oxidation and reduction, Redox reactions, Strengths and equivalent weights of oxidizing and reducing agents, Theory of redox titrations, Redox indicators, Cell representations, Measurement of electrode potential, Oxidation‐reduction curves, Iodimetry and Iodometry, Titrations involving ceric sulphate, potassium iodate, potassium bromate, potassium permanganate, titanous chloride and Sodium 2,6‐dichlorophenol indophenol.
Nonaqueous titrations: Introduction and theory, solvents and indicators, application
Complexometric titrations: Introduction, complex ions, complexation, stability of complexes, factors influencing stability of complexes, complexones, stability constants of EDTA complexes, types of EDTA titration, Metal ion indicator, determination of cations like aluminium, barium, bismuth, calcium, copper, iron (III), silver, determination of cations in mixture i.e. Ca and Mg ions, Hardness of water, Ca+2, Ba+2, Mg+2, Mn+2 and Zn+2, determination of anions e.g. Halides, Phosphates, Sulphates.
Miscellaneous Determinations: Exercise involving Diazotisation, Kjeldahl, Oxygen flask combustion, Karl‐Fischers titration,gasometry methods.
Practicals 3 hr/week
The students should be introduced to the main analytical tools through demonstrations. They should have a clear understanding of typical analytical balance, the requirements of a good balance, weights, care and use of balance, methods of weighing and errors in weighing. The students should also be acquaninted with the general apparatus required in various analytical procedures.
1. Standardization of analytical weights and calibration of volumetric apparatus.
2. Acid base titrations: Preparation and standardization of acids and bases; some exercises related with determination of acids and bases separately or in mixture form, some official assay procedures e.g. boric acid should also be covered.
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3. Oxidation Reduction Titrations: Preparation and standardization of some redox titrants e.g. potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, iodine, sodium thiosulphate, etc. some exercises related to determination of oxidizing and reducing agents in the sample shall be covered. Exercises involving potassium iodate, potassium bromate, iodine solution, titanous chloride, and Sodium 2,6‐dichlorophenol indophenol and ceric ammonium sulphate.
4. Nonaqueous titrations: Preparation and standardization of perchloric acid and sodium/potassium/lithium methoxides solutions; Estimations of some pharmacopoeial products.
5. Complexometric titrations: Preparation and standardization of EDTA solution, some exercise related to pharmacopoeial assays by Complexometric titrations.
6. Miscellaneous Determinations: Exercise involving Diazotisation, Kjeldahl, Oxygen flask combustion, gasometry an electrophoresis methods. Determination of alcohol content in liquid galenicals, procedure (BPC) shall be covered.
Books Recommended
1.Vogel’s Text Book Of Quantitative Chemical Analysis ELBS UK, 5th Edition, 1996.
2.Analytical Chemistry By Gary D. Christian, John Wiley & Sons N.Y. 5th Edition, 1994.
3.Quantitative Analysis R. A. Day And A.L. Underwood. Prentice Hall Of India, 6th
Edition, 1993.
4.A T.B. Of Pharmaceutical Analysis By Kenneth A Connors, John Wiley Sons, 3rd Edi.
5.Analytical Chemistry Principles By John H Kennedy, Saunders College Publishing, N Y, 2nd Edi., 1990.
6.Fundamentals Of Analytical Chemistry By Skoog, West And Holler, Saunders College Publishing N Y, 7th Edition, 1996.
B32 Pharmaceutical Chemistry‐III
(Organic Chemistry I)
Theory 3hrs/wk
The subject of organic chemistry will be treated in its modern perspective keeping for the sake of convenience, the usual classification of organic compounds.
Basics
Structure and Properties: Atomic structure, Atomic orbitals, Molecular orbital theory, wave equation, Molecular orbitals, Bonding and Antibonding orbitals, Covalent bond, Hybrid orbitals, Intramolecular
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forces, Bond dissociation energy, Polarity of bonds, Polarity of molecules, structure and physical properties, Intermolecular forces, Acids and bases, general nomenclature.
Stereochemistry
Stereochemistry: Isomerism and nomenclature and associated physicochemical properties, optical activity, stereoisomerism, specification of configuration, Reactions involving stereoisomers, chirality, chiral reagents conformations, stereochemistry of specific reactions and intermediates, Stereoselective and stereospecific reactions
Structure, Nomenclature, Preparation and Reactions
Structure, Nomenclature, Preparation and Reactions of: Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes; Cycloackanes, Dienes, Benzene, Polynuclear aromatic compounds, Arenes, Alkyl halides, Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, Amines, Phenols, Aldehydes and ketones, Carboxylic acids, Functional derivatives of carboxylic acids, Reactive intermediates – carbocations, cabanions, carbenes, nitrene and nitrenium ions.
Practicals 3 hrs/wk
1. Intoduction to laboratory and safety hazards.
2. Introduction to organic compound identification test.
3. Introduction to reagent test.
4. Introduction to functional group I to V and identify the given unknown.
5. To synthesize acetanilide from aniline, p – bromo acetanilide from aacetanilide, p – bromo aniline from p – bromo acetanilide, chalcone from benzaldehyde and acetophenone, m‐ dinitro benzene from nitrobenzene, benzoic acid from toluene.
6. Introduction to the use of stereo models.
Books Recommended
1. Morrison And Boyd, Organic Chemistry
2. I.L. Finar , Organic Chemistry, Vol. I & II, ELBS/Longman, London.
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3. Vogel’s Text Book Of Practical Organic Chemistry, , ELBS/Longman, London.
4. Mann & Saunder, Practical Organic Chemistry, Orient Longman, UK.
5. Shriner, Hermann, Morrill, Curtin & Fuson, The Systematic Identification Of Organic Compound, John Wiley & Sons, USA.
B33 Pharmacognosy ‐ I
Theory 3 hrs/week
Methods of classification of plants.
Plant cell: Its structure and non‐living inclusions; mitosis and meiosis;
Plant tissue: simple and complex and tissue system.
Morphology and histology of root, stem, bark, wood, leaf, flower, fruit and seed.
Modification of root and stem.
Plant taxonomy: Study of the following families with special reference to medicinally important plants – Malvaceae, Apocynaceae, Solanaceae, Rutaceae, Leguminosae,
Rubiaceae, Labiatae, Liliaceae.
Definition, scope, history and development of Pharmacognosy.
Sources of crude drugs & Classification of crude drugs
Cultivation, collection, processing and storage of crude drugs:
Importance and Factors influencing cultivation of medicinal plant.
Quality control of crude drugs: Adulteration and evaluation
Study of Active constituents of plant.‐ Definition, classification & general
chemical tests.
Practicals 4 hrs/week
Care, use and types of microscopes.
Preparation of different types of slides and Study of different cell and tissue system.
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Microscopical examination of cell contents: starch grains, calcium oxalate & carbonate crystals and phloem fibres. & stomatas
Morphology of plant parts indicated in theory.
Microscopic examination of stem, root and leaf of monocot and dicot plants.
Microscopic examination of stem, root and leaf of monocot and dicot plants.
To study cell division in plant cells.
Morphological characteristic of plant family Malvaceae, Apocynaceae, Solanaceae, Rutaceae, Leguminosae, Rubiaceae, Labiatae,and Liliaceae,
Preparation of herbarium sheets.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
Atal C.K. And Kapur B.M., Cultivation And Utilization Of Medicinal Plants, Rrl Jammu.
Jackson Betty P., Atlas Of Microscopy Of Medicinal Plants, Culinary Herbs And Spices, CBS Publication.
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia
Bendre A. M, Ashokkumar. A Textbook Of Practical Botany Ii Rastogi Publications, Meerut, India.
Datta A.C., A Class Book Of Botany, Oxford Uni.
Harborne J B, Phytochemical Methods, Champan And Hall, International Edition, London
Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research (Csir), New Delhi.
Quadry J S, Shah And Qadrys Pharmacognosy, B.S.Shah Publication
Kokate C.K. Practical Pharmacognosy, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi.
Kokate C.K, Purohit A.P. And Gokhale S.B. Pharmacogonosy (Degree) Nirali Prakashan, Pune.
Fahn A., Plant Anatomy, Aditya Books Publication
Ashutosh Kar, Pharmacognosy And Pharmacobiotechnology, New Age International Publication
Khandelwal K R, Practical Pharmacognosy, Nirali Prakashan
Pharmacopoeia Of India, 1985, 1996, Govt. Of India, Ministry Of Health And Family Welfare.
Ross M.S.E And Brain K.R. An Introduction To Phytopharmacy, Pitman Medical. Kent.
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Trease E And Evans W.C. ,Pharmacognosy, Balliere Tindall. Eastbourne, U.K.
Tyler V.C., Brady L.R. And Robers W.E. , Pharmacognosy, Lea And Febiger, Ph
Wallis T.E., Text Book Of Pharmacognosy, 5th Edition, Cbs Publishers And Distributors.
Rangari & Rangari, Text Book Of Pharmacognosy
Iyengar, Text Book Of Pharmacognosy, Manipal Power Press.
MG Chauhan, Microscopy Of Leaf Drug, Jamnanagar Ayurved University
MG Chauhan, Microscopy Of Bark Drug, Jamnanagar Ayurved University
B34 Pharmacology I
Theory 4 hrs/week
General pharmacology:
Introduction to pharmacology, sources of drugs, dosage forms and routes of administration.
Pharmacodynamics : General Principles of Drug Action, Molecular basis of drug Targets ,
Pharmacokinetics: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and excretion of drugs. Principles of Pharmacokinetics, Bioavailability and Bioequivalence
Pharmacogenetics, Adverse Drug Reaction, Drug interactions
Bioassay, , Preclinical studies
Clinical Trials
Concepts of RIA, Radioligand Studies, ELISA, HTS
Pharmacology of Peripheral Nervous system:
Neurohumoral transmission (autonomic and somatic)
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Parasympathomimetics, Parasympatholytics, Sympathomimetics, adrenergic receptor and neuron blocking agents, ganglionic stimulants and blocking agents.
Neuromuscular blocking agents.
Basics of ANS disorders
Practicals 3 hrs/week
To study the modulation of hypnotic effect of phenobarbitone in presence of microsomal enzyme modulators.
To study biotransformation and excretion of aspirin in healthy human volunteers.
Introduction to Pharmacology.
To study some basic instruments used for isolated tissue experiments.
To study different laboratory animals and techniques for scarifying them.
Demonstration of mounting of isolated rat ileum.
To determinePD2 value of Ach/Histamine using rat/G.pig ileum.
To determine dose ratio of carbachol/Physostigmine and Ach using rat ileum.
To determinePA2 value of Atropin/Mepyremine using rat/G.pig ileum.
To find out nature of unknown drug using rat ileum.
To study the neuromuscular junction blocker activity using simulation software.
To study the effect of various drugs on cat nictating membrane.(CAE)
Books Recommended:
1. Pharmacological Basis Of Therapeutics By Goodman & Gillman
2. Medical Pharmacology By Goth
3. Pharmacology By Gaddum
4. Pharmacology And Pharmacotherapeutics By Satoshkar & Bhandarkar
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5. Essentials Of Pharmacotherapeutics By F.S.K. Barar
6. Lewis Pharmacology By Crossland
7. Pharmacology By Gaddum
8. Essentials Of Medical Pharmacology By K.D. Tripathi
9. Pharmacology By Rang & Dale
10. Elements Of Pharmacology By Dr. Derasari & Dr. Gandhi
11. Drug Interactions By Hansten
12. Principles Of Drug Action By Goldstein Aronow & Kalaman
13. Fundamentals Of Experimental Pharmacology By M.N. Ghosh
14. Handbook Of Experimental Pharmacology By S.K. Kulkarni
15. Pharmacological Experiments On Isolated Preparations By Perry
16. Practicals In Pharmacology By Dr. Goyal
B35 Pharmaceutical Mirobiology‐I
Theory 3 hrs/week
Identification of microbes: Stains and types of staining techniques, microscopy.(Light microscopy, Darkfield microscopy,Fluorescence microscopy,Electron microscopy. (15)
Nutrition, cultivation, isolation of bacteria, actinomycetes,fungi, viruses,etc,Aseptic techniques (10)
Control of microbes: Chemical methods. (15)
Disinfection, factors influencing disinfectants, dynamics of disinfection, disinfectants and antiseptics and their evaluation. (10)
Sterilization: Different methods, validation of sterilization methods and equipments used for sterilization.
Clean rooms:Class 100,Class1000,10,000 areas. Fumigation concept. (30)
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Sterility testing of all pharmaceutical products. (20)
PRACTICALS 3 hrs/week
Experiments devised to prepare various types of culture media, Sub culturing of common aerobic and anaerobic bacteria , fungus and yeast, various staining methods ,various methods of isolation and identification of microbes, sterilization techniques and their validation evaluation of antiseptics and disinfectants,
Testing the sterility of pharmaceuticals products as per I.P. requirements, microbial assay of antibiotics and vitamins, etc.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
“An Introduction To Microbiology”, Tauro P., New Age International Publication
“Basic And Practical Microbiology”, Atlas
“Bergeys Manual Of Systematic Bacteriology Vol‐1”, Krieg Noel R. Ed., Williams And Wilkins Publication
“Bergeys Manual Of Systematic Bacteriology Vol‐2”, Krieg Noel R. Ed., Williams And Wilkins Publication
“Bergeys Manual Of Systematic Bacteriology Vol‐3”, Krieg Noel R. Ed., Williams And Wilkins Publication
“Bergeys Manual Of Systematic Bacteriology Vol‐4”, Krieg Noel R. Ed., Williams And Wilkins Publication
“Disinfection, Sterilization,And Preservation”, Block Seymour S.Ed., Lea And Febiger Publication
“Fundamentals Of Microbiology”, Frobisher, W B Saunders Publication
“Industrial Microbiology”, Casida L.E., New Age International Publication
“Laboratory Manual In Microbiology”, Ganasekaran P., New Age International Publication
“Microbiology”, Pelczar Michael J., Tata Mcgraw‐Hill Publication
“Microbiology An Introduction”, Tortora Gerard, Benjamin Cumming Publication
“Pharmaceutical Microbiology”, Purohit S S, Ab Grobias Publication
“Principles And Practices Of Contamination Control And Cleanrooms”, Moorthy C.K., Pharma Book Syndicate Publication
Various Pharmacopoieas.
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B36 Pharmaceutics‐II (Solid state Pharmaceutics)
Theory 3hrs/week
Crystallization: 20
Characteristics of crystals: purity, size, shape, geometry, habit, forms and factors affecting them, solubility curves and calculation of and heat balances around Swenson‐Walker crystallizer, super saturation theory and its limitations, Nucleation mechanism, crystal growth, study of various types of crystallizers, tanks, crystallizers, caking of crystals and its prevention, Numerical problems on yields.
Micromeritics and powder Rheology: 30
Particle size and distribution, average particle size, number and weight distribution, particle number, methods of determining area, permeability, adsorption, derived properties of powder, porosity, packing arrangement, density, bulkiness and flow properties
Polymorphism and powder characterization techniques (XRD,DSC,IR) (Equipments and instruments.) 05
Complexataion: Classification of complexes, methods of preparation and analysis, applications. 05
Size reduction and Size separation: 20
Definition, objectives of size reduction, factors affecting size reduction, laws governing energy and power requirements of a mill, types of mills including ball mill, hammer mill, fluid energy mill etc
Mixing: 20
Theory of mixing, Principles and equipments of solid‐solid, solid‐liquid and liquid‐liquid mixing processes.
PRACTICALS 3hrs/week
1. To determine particle size distribution of the given sample by microscopy.
2. To study the solubility relationship of 3‐component system containing benzene, water and acetic acid.
3. To study the effect of time and speed on the solid‐liquid mixing.
4. To study the Mier’s supersolubility curve.
5. To study the derived properties of a given powder sample.
6. To find particle size distribution using sieving method.
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7. To determine the effect of glidant on the flow property of the given powder.
8. To find out the optimum concentration of glidant.
9. To evaluate given glidants by studying their derived properties.
10. To study the effect of particle shape on derived properties of powder and granule.
11. To determine the true density of the given powder.
12. To study the mutual solubility of given liquids (phenol,water) and find out upper consolute temperature.
13. To study the phase diagram of 2‐component system containing camphor and menthol and to find out the eutectic point of given mixture.
14. To study polymorphism in cocoa butter.
15. To study the effect of pH on solubility.
16. To study the effect of solubilizer on solubility of poorly soluble drugs.
17. To determine the crystal yield for NaNO3, KNO3 and cuso4 from its supersaturated solution at different temp.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. “Essentials Of Physical Pharmacy”, Derle D V, Pharma Book Syndicate Publication EE
2. “Martins Physical Pharmacy And Pharmaceutical Sciences”, Sinlko Patrick J., B I Publication EE
3. “Textbook Of Physical Pharmaceutics”, Subrahmanyam C.V.S., Vallabh Prakashan EE
4. “Pharmaceutical Engineering”, Sambhamurthy K. EE
5. “Physicochemical Principles Of Pharmacy”, Forence A.T., Macmillan Publication SSg
6. “Physical Characterization Of Pharmaceutical Solids Vol‐70”, Brittain Harry G. Ed., Marcel Dekker Publication Sg
7. “The Theory And Practice Of Industrial Pharmacy”, Lachman Leon, Varghese Publication SSg
8. “Elementary Chemical Engineering”, Peters Max SSp
9. “Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook”, Perry Robert H SSp
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SEMESTER‐IV
B41 Pharmaceutical Chemistry – IV
(Organic Chemistry‐II)
3 3 100 100
B42 Pharmaceutical Analysis – II 3 3 100 100
B43 Pharmacognosy –II 3 3 100 100
B44 Pharmacology‐II 4 3 100 100
B45 Pharmaceutics‐III(Unit operation‐II) 3 3 100 100
B46 Seminar presentations‐I 3 ‐‐‐ 100
Weekly workload : 34h
1100
B41 Pharmaceutical Chemistry‐IV
(Organic Chemistry II)
Theory 3 hrs/wk
The subject of organic chemistry will be treated in its modern perspective keeping for the sake of convenience, the usual classification of organic compounds.
Nucleophillic aromatic substitutions
Nucleophillic aromatic substitutions; α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds
Conservation of orbital symmetry and rules
Conservation of orbital symmetry and rules., Electrocyclic, Cycloaddition and
sigmatropic reactions; Neighbouring group effects, Catalysis by transition metal
complexes.
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Reagents in drug synthesis
New organic reagents used in drug synthesis.
Heterocyclic Compounds
Heterocyclic Compounds: Chemistry, preparations and properties of some important heterocyclics containing 3,4,5,6 and 7 atoms with one or two heteroatoms like O,N,S.
Practicals 3 hrs/wk
Synthesis of N‐acetyl‐glycin from glycine.
Synthesis of 4‐Benzylidine‐2‐methlyoxazol‐5‐one from N‐acetyl‐glycine.
Synthesis of 2‐methylbenzimidazole from o‐phenylenediamine and acetic acid.
Synthesis of Benzil from Benzoin
Synthesis of 5,5‐diphenylhydantoin from benzil and urea.
Synthesis of 3‐methyl‐1‐phenylpyrazol‐5‐one from ethylacetoacetate and Phenylhydrazine
Synthesis of 2,3‐diphenyl quinoxaline from o‐phenylene diamine and benzil.
Synthesis of Benzotriazole from o‐phenylene diamine.
Synthesis of 4‐benzylidene‐2‐phenyloxazol‐5‐one from benzylglycine.
Synthesis of coumarin from resorcinol and ethylacetoacetate.
Synthesis of 4‐oxo‐2‐amino‐pyrimidine‐4‐one from monoarylthiourea.
Synthesis of pyrimidone from chalcon.
To study the resolution of DL‐alanine.
To study the resolution of (±)‐α‐methylbenzylamine.
To study the molecular modeling of primary, secondary, tertiary structures of protein.
To study the molecular modeling on double helical structure of nucleic acid.
Books Recommended
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Morrison And Boyd, Organic Chemistry
I.L. Finar , Organic Chemistry, Vol. I & II, ELBS/Longman, London.
Vogel’s Text Book Of Practical Organic Chemistry, , ELBS/Longman, London.
Mann & Saunder, Practical Organic Chemistry, Orient Longman, UK.
Shriner, Hermann, Morrill, Curtin & Fuson, The Systematic Identification Of Organic Compound, John Wiley & Sons, USA.
B42 Pharmaceutical Analysis – II
Theory 3 hrs / wk
Theoretical considerations and application in drug analysis and quality control of the following analytical techniques
Precipitation Titrations: Precipitation reactions, Solubility products, Effect of acids, temperature and solvent upon the solubility of a precipitate. Argentometric titrations and titrations involving ammonium or potassium thiocyanate, mercuric nitrate, and barium sulphate, Indicatore, Gay-lussac method, Mohrs method, Volhard’s method and Fajan’s method. Gravimetric analysis: Precipitation techniques, Solubility products; The colloidal state, Supersaturation co-precipitation, Post-precipitation, Digestional washing of the precipitate, Filtration, Filter paters and crucibles, Ignition, Thermogravimetric curves, Specific examples like barium sulphate, aluminium as aluminium oxide, calcium as calcium oxalate and magnesium as magnesium pyrophosphate, Organic precipitants.
Extraction procedures including separation of drugs from excipients
Electroanalytical techniques:
Electroanalytical techniques:Potentiometry/PHmetry,Conductometry,Polarography, Amperography, Calorimetry, Karl-Fischer titration
Miscelleaneous techniques: Radiochemical techniques, RIA,X-ray Diffraction
Practicals 3 hrs/wk
List of Practicals:
1. To determine %w/v of sodium chloride using Volhard’s method.
2. To determine %w/v of sodium chloride using Mohr’s method using potassium chromate as
indicator.
3. To determine %w/v of sodium chloride using Mohr’s method using adsorption indicator.
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4. To determine %w/v of iodides by using standard solution of silver nitrate.
5. To determine moisture content of the given sample by Karl Fischer titration.
6. To find out the concentration of given acid solution by potentiometer.
7. To determine the content of sulfamethizole (from tablets) by potentiometer.
8. To find out the concentration of given acid solution by PH meter.
9. To determine the dissociation constant of given acetic acid solution by PH metry.
10. To find out the concentration of given acid solution by using conductometer.
11. To find out optical activity of dextrose in the given solution of dextrose by using polarimeter.
12. To determine sulphate content as Barium sulphate by gravimetric method.
13. To determine chloride content as Silver chloride by gravimetric method.
14. To determine content of paracetamol and diclofenac sodium from the formulation (tablet).
15. To determine ascorbic acid content from tablets of ascorbic acid.
16. To determine aluminium content from aluminium hydroxide gel.
Books Recommended
1. A Textbook Of Pharmaceutical Analysis – Kenneth A. Connors, 3rd Ed., John Wiley & Sons. 2. Principles Of Instrumental Analysis – Skoog, Holler, Nieman, 5th Ed., Saunders College Publishing. 3. Instrumental Methods Of Analysis – Willard, Merritt, Dean, Settle, CBS Publishers 7th Ed.
4. Instrumental Methods Of Chemical Analysis – Galin W. Ewing, 5th Ed., Mcgraw Holl International Editions. 5. Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry – I & II, A. H. Beckett And J. B. Stenlake, 4th Ed. CBS Publishers. 6. Indian Pharmacopoeia.
B43 Pharmacognosy – II
Theory
4 hrs/week
Systemic pharmacognostic study of following:
Carbohydrates and derived products: Agar, Guar gum, Acacia, Honey,
Isabgol, pectin, Starch and Tragacanth. 20
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Lipids: Bees wax, Castor oil, Cocoa butter, Cod‐liver oil, Hydnocarpus‐ Oil, 20
Kokum butter, Lard, Linseed oil, Rice‐Bran oil, Shark liver oil and Wool fat.
Resins: Study of Drugs containing Resins and Resin combinations like Colophony, podophyllum, jalap, cannabis, capsicum, ,myrrh, asafetida, balsam of tolu, balsam of peru, benzoin, turmeric, ginger, garlic, Guggal, Shilajit,. 25
Volatile oils: General methods of obtaining volatile oils from plants, study of volatile oils of mentha, coriander, cinnamon, cassia, lemon peel, orange peel, lemon grass, citronella, caraway, dill, spearmint, clove, fennel, nutmeg, eucalyptus, chenopodium, cardamom, valerian, musk, palmarosa, gaultheria, sandalwood. 35
Practicals 3 hrs/week
Morphological, Microscopic and chemical tests of
cinnamon bark
Eucalyptus leaf
Coriander fruit
Fennel fruit
Mentha leaf
Clove flower bud
Cardamom seed
Ginger rhizome
Capsicum fruit
Dill fruit
Linseed.
Isapgula seed.
To study morpholgy and chemical tests of cabohydrate & lipid containing drug.
To study morpholgy and chemical tests of resin containing drug.
TLC study of volatile oil containing drugs.
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BOOKS RECOMMENDED
Atal C.K. And Kapur B.M., Cultivation And Utilization Of Medicinal Plants, Rrl Jammu.
Jackson Betty P., Atlas Of Microscopy Of Medicinal Plants, Culinary Herbs And Spices, Cbs Publication.
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia
Handa And Kaul, Cultivation Of Aromatic Plants
T. N. Vasudevan & K. S. Laddha, Practical Microscopy, Yucca Publishing
Harborne J B, Phytochemical Methods, Champan And Hall, International Edition, London
Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research (Csir), New Delhi.
Quadry J S, Shah And Qadrys Pharmacognosy, B.S.Shah Publication
Kokate C.K. Practical Pharmacognosy, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi.
Kokate C.K, Purohit A.P. And Gokhale S.B. Pharmacognosy (Degree) Nirali Prakashan, Pune.
Ashutosh Kar, Pharmacognosy And Pharmacobiotechnology, New Age International Publication
Khandelwal K R, Practical Pharmacognosy, Nirali Prakashan
Pharmacopoeia Of India, 1985, 1996, Govt. Of India, Ministry Of Health And Family Welfare.
Ross M.S.E And Brain K.R. An Introduction To Phytopharmacy, Pitman Medical. Kent.
Scheuer P.,3., Marine Natural Products, Academic Press, London.
The Wealth Of India, Raw Materials (All Volumes) Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research (Csir), New Delhi.
Trease E And Evans W.C., Pharmacognosy, Balliere Tindall. Eastbourne, U.K.
Tyler V.C., Brady L.R. And Robers W.E. , Pharmacognosy, Lea And Febiger, Ph
Wallis T.E., Text Book Of Pharmacognosy, 5th Edition, Cbs Publishers And Distributors.
Wagner, Plant Drug Analysis, Springer Verlag Publication.
Anasari, Pharmacognosy Textbook Of Natural Products, Latest Edition.
Rangari & Rangari, Text Book Of Pharmacognosy
MG Chauhan, Microscopy Of Leaf Drug, Jamnanagar Ayurved University
MG Chauhan, Microscopy Of Bark Drug, Jamnanagar Ayurved University
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
B44 Pharmacology II
Theory 4 hrs/week
Central Nervous System (CNS):
Neurohumoral transmission in the C.N.S,
General and local Anesthetics,
Drug Addiction and Drug Abuse,
Alcohol, ,
hallucinogens,
centrally acting muscle relaxants,
C.N.S. Stimulants.
Pathophysiology and Drugs used in :
Insomnia,
Anxiety,
Psychosis,
Depression,
Epilepsy,
Parkinsons Disease,
Alzheimer’s Disease
Pain pathway , Opioids
Drugs Acting on Urinary System
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www.Pharmainfo.Net
Fluid and electrolyte balance,
Diuretics,
Anti diuretics,
Urine acidifying and alkalinizing agents.
Respiratory System
Pharmacology of mucolytics,
expectorant
Pathophysiology of and drugs used in :
Bronchial asthma
Cough
Practicals 3 hrs/week
To study the sedative –hypnotic effect of diazepam & phenobarbitone sodium in mice.
To study the effect of diazepam on motor co‐ordination by rotarod test in mice.
To study the effect of drugs on spontaneous motor activity & evaluate their nature as CNS stimulant or depressant using photoactometer.
To study the analgesic effect of aspirin by acetic acid induced writhing method.
To study the analgesic effect o given drug by thermal method.
To study the cataleptic activity of haloperidol in rats.
To study the anti‐parkinsonian activity of levodopa by phenothiazine induced catatonia.
To evaluate the anti‐epileptic effect of phenytoin using maximum electrocnvulsive shock (MES) seizures in rats.
To study the effect of mydriatics and miotics on rabbit eye using simulation software.
To evaluate the local anesthetic effect of xylocaine using rabbit eye (Infiltration anaesthesia).
To evaluate the local anesthetic effect of xylocain using G.pig (intradermal method).
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
To determine analgesic activity and pain threshold of aspirin for healthy human volunteers.
To determine CNS stimulation activity of caffeine on healthy human volunteers.
To study the effect of CNS stimulant or anxiolytics using different mazes.
To study the effect of urea, furosemide & Acetazolamide on rat urine output
Books Recommended
1. Pharmacological Basis Of Therapeutics By Goodman & Gillman
2. Medical Pharmacology By Goth
3. Pharmacology By Gaddum
4. Pharmacology And Pharmacotherapeutics By Satoskar & Bhandarkar
5. Essentials Of Pharmacotherapeutics By F.S.K. Barar
6. Lewis Pharmacology By Crossland
7. Textbook Of Pharmacology By Bowman & Rand
8. Essentials Of Medical Pharmacology By K.D. Tripathi
9. Pharmacology By Rang & Dale
10. Elements Of Pharmacology By Dr. Derasari & Dr. Gandhi
11. Drug Interactions By Hansten
12. Introduction To General Toxicology By Aries Simonsis & Offermeier
13. Toxicology: The Basic Science Of Poisons By Casorett & Doull
14. Clinical Pharmacology By Lawrence
15. Principles Of Drug Action By Goldstein Aronow & Kalaman
16. Drug Treatment By Averey
17. Fundamentals Of Experimental Pharmacology By M.N. Ghosh
18. Handbook Of Experimental Pharmacology By S.K. Kulkarni
19. Pharmacological Experiments On Isolated Preparations By Perry
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www.Pharmainfo.Net
B45 Pharmaceutics‐III ( Unit operation‐II)
Theory 3 hrs/week
Drying: (30)
Moisture content and mechanism of drying, rate of drying and time of drying, calculations; classification and types of dryers, dryers used in pharmaceutical industries and special drying methods, mathematical problems on drying
Evaporation: (35)
Basic concept of phase equilibria, factors affecting selection of evaporation methods, film evaporators, single effect and multiple effect evaporators, mathematical problems on evaporation,Factors affecting rate of evaporation.
Distillation: (35)
Raoult’s Law, phase diagrams, volatility, simple steam and flash distillation, principle of rectification, Mc Cabe Thiele method for calculations of number of theoretical plates, Azeotropic and extractive distillation, Mathematical problems on distillation.
PRACTICALS 3 hrs/week
To study the rate of drying and to determine the EMC, CMC and CFMC.
To study the effect of surface area on rate of drying.
To study the effect of material bed thickness on the rate of drying.
To study the effect of temp. On rate of drying.
To study the effect of type of material on rate of drying.
To study the effect of moisture content on rate of drying.
To calculate the %loss on drying & %moisture content of given sample.
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To verify the Rayleigh’s simple distillation equation for differential distillation of acetic acid‐water mixture.
To purify the alcohol‐water mixture by rectification using plate column and determine the HETP for column.
To purify the sample of aniline by steam distillation and determine the molecular wt. Of aniline.
To purify the water‐alcohol mixture by rectification using packed column and determine the HETP.
To study the principle of azeotropic distillation and to separate azeotrope by addition of third agent.
To study the effect of temperature on the rate of evaporation.
To study the effect of surface area on rate of evaporation.
To study the effect of viscosity on rate of evaporation.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
“Pharmaceutical Engineering”, Sambhamurthy K. (E)
“Pharmaceutical Engineering”, by CVS Subramanyam, Vallabh Prakashan (E)
“Elementary Chemical Engineering”, Peters Max (Sg)
“Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook”, Perry Robert H (Sg)
“Pharmaceutics : The Scinece Of Dosage Form Design”, Aulton Michael E, Churchill Livingstone Publication.
(Sg)
“Thetheory And Practice Of Industrial Pharmacy”, Lachman Leon, Varghese Publication (Sg)
“Pharmaceutical Process Engineering Vol 112”, Hickey Anthony J., Marcel Dekker Publication (Sp)
B46 Seminar Presentation‐I
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SEMESTER‐V
B51 Pharmaceutical Chemistry‐V
(Biochemistry‐I)
3 ‐ 100 ‐‐
B52 Pharmaceutics – IV 4 3 100 100
B53 Industrial Microbiology 4 ‐‐ 100 ‐‐
B54 Pharmacology – III 4 3 100 100
B55 Pharmacognosy – III 3 3 100 100
B56 Pharmaceutics‐V(Unit operation‐III) 3 3 100 100
B57 Semiar Presentations‐II ‐‐ 3 ‐‐ 100
Weekly workload : 36h 1100
B51 Pharmaceutical Chemistry‐V
(Bio‐chemistry I)
Theory 3hrs/wk
Biological macromolecules: carbohydrates
1. Biological macromolecules: carbohydrates
1.1 Introduction to carbohydrates.
1.1.1 Nomenclature, definition and classification of carbohydrates.
1.1.2 Monosaccharides.
Classification, structural aspect and biological significance.
1.1.3 Disaccharides (same as 3.1.2)
1.1.4 Oligisaccharides.(same as 3.1.2)
1.1.5 Polysaccharides.
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www.Pharmainfo.Net
1.1.5.1 Structure, classification, nomenclature and function.
1.1.5.2 Storage polysaccharides.
1.1.5.3 Structural polysaccharides.
1.1.6 Introduction to glycoprotiens and proteoglycans.
Intoduction to lipid
2 Intoduction to lipid
2.1 Structure and function diversity of lipids.
2.1.1 Definition and classification.
2.1.2 Fatty acids, Triacyl glycerols, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, steroids and other biologically imponent lipids (Tepenes, steroids, cholesterol etc)
Proteins, structure and function
3 Proteins, structure and function
3.1 General structure of Amino acids.
3.1.1 Classification of Amino acids.
3.1.2 Derivative of amino acids.
3.1.3 Ionization of amino acids.
3.1.4 Peptide bond link amino acids in proteins.
3.1.5 Protein purification techniques.
3.1.6 Composition of amino acid in protein and determining sequence of amino acid residue methods.
3.2 Structure of protein.
3.2.1 Types of protein structure.
3.2.2 Primary structure.
3.2.3 Secondary structure.
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www.Pharmainfo.Net
3.2.4 Tertiary structure.
3.2.5 Quaternaty structure.
3.2.6 Stability of protein structure.
3.3 Various other biologically important protein.
4. Enzymes and coenzymes
4.1 Structure and function of enzyme
4.1.1 Classification of enzyme
4.2 Enzyme kinetics and its mechanism of action
4.2.1 Chemical kinetics
4.2.2 Enzyme kinetics
4.3 The michaelis menton equation
4.3.1 Derivation of the michaelis menton equation
4.3.2 The meaning of Km
4.3.3 Kinetic constant indicative enzyme efficiency and specificity
4.3.4 Measurement of Km and Vmax
4.4 Enzyme inhibition
4.4.1 Types of enzyme inhibition
4.4.2 Reversible enzyme inhibition
4.4.3 Irreversible enzyme inhibition
4.5 Regulation of enzyme activity
4.6 Enzymes and iso enzymes in clinical diagnosis
4.7 Coenzyme classification
4.7.1 Role of vitamin as coenzyme
4.7.2 Biological significance
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(Involvement in metabolism, cell transport, ETC energetics)
4.8 Metal as coenzyme and its biological significance.
Physiologically important substrates.(porphyrin, bile pigments)
5 Physiologically important substrates.(porphyrin, bile pigments)
5.1 Introduction to haemoglobin.
5.2 Biosynthesis of porphyrins from urea cycle.
5.3 Disorders of porphyrin biosynthesis.
5.4 Biosynthesis of bile pigments.
5.4.1 Bilirubin.
5.4.2 Biliverdin.
5.4.3 Disorders & clinical significance of bile pigments.
5.5 Water & mineral metabolism.
Books Recommended:
E.E. Conn And P.K. Stumpf, Outlines Of Biochemistry, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
A.L. Lehninger, Principles Of Biochemistry, CBS Publishers And Distributors, New Delhi.
R. K. Murray, D.K. Granner, P.A. Mayes, V.W. Rodwell, Harper’s Biochemistry,Prentice, Hall International Inc., Latest Edition.
S.C. Rastogi, Biochemistry, Tata Macgraw Hill, New Delhi, Latest Edition.
M. Cohn, K.S. Roth, Biochemistry And Disease, William And Wilkins Co., Baltimore,Latest Edition.
U. Satyanarayana, Biochemistry, Books And Allied (P) Ltd., Calcutta, Latest Edition.
G.F. Zubay, W.W. Parson, D.E. Vance, Principles Of Biochemistry, WCB Publishers, England, Latest Edition.
S. Ramakrishnan, K.G. Prasanan, R. Rajan, Textbook Of Medical Biochemistry, Orient Longman, Madras, Latest Edition.
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www.Pharmainfo.Net
B52 Pharmaceutics‐IV
Theory 4 hrs/week
Fluid Flow:
Types of flow, Reynold’s number, viscosity, concept of boundary layer, basic equation of fluid flow, valves, flow meter, manometer and measurement of flow and pressure. 15
Solubility and distribution phenomena:
General principles,Solubility of gases and liquids in liquids, solubility of nonionic solids in liquids,Distribution of solutes in immiscible liquids. 05
Rheology:
Newtonian systems, law of flow, kinematic viscosity, effect of temperature, Non‐Newtonian systems, pseudo plastic, dilatant, plastic, thixotropy in formulation, determination of viscosity and thixotropy by capillary, falling ball, rotational viscometers, application of rheology in pharmacy 15
Surface and interfacial phenomenon:
Liquid interface, surface and interfacial tensions, surface free energy, measurement of surface and interfacial tensions, spreading coefficient, adsorption at liquid interfaces, surface active agents, HLB classification, solubilization, detergency, adsorption at solid interfaces, solid gas and solid liquid interfaces, complex films, electrical properties of interface. 15
Dispersion systems:
a Colloidal dispersions: Definition, types, properties of colloids, protective colloids, application of colloids in pharmacy,
b Suspension and Emulsions: Interfacial properties of suspended particles, settling in suspensions, theory of sedimentation, effect of Brownian movement, sedimentation of flocculated particles,
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sedimentation parameters, wetting of particles, controlled flocculation, flocculation in structured vehicles, rheological considerations, emulsions, types, theories, physical stability. 45
Buffers:
Buffer equations and buffer capacity in general, buffers in pharmaceutical system, preparation, stability, buffered isotonic solutions, measurement of tonicity, calculations and methods of adjusting isotonicity 05
PRACTICALS 3 hrs/week
To measure the surface tension of given liquids by capillary rise method.
To determine critical micellar concentration of the given surface active agents.
To determine spreading coefficient of the given liquids with respect to water.
To determine the gel‐strength of given sample of gelatin.
To determine optimum blend composition of emulsifier in o/w emulsion.
To study the protective action of lyophilic solvents.
To find work done in emulsification and rate of creaming.
To study sedimentation behaviour of suspension and to evaluate the given suspending agent.
To study temperature dependency of viscosity for given liquid.
To prepare buffer of the given ph having different buffer capacities and to verify the buffer capacity.
To study the effect of concentration of emulsifying agent on formation of an emulsion and to determine the optimum concentration of an emulsifying agent.
To study micellar solubilization of partly soluble drug and to determine the optimum concentration of stabilizer.
To find out particle size for a given suspension using andreason’s pipette.
To find iso‐electric point for a given sample of gelatin.
To calibrate the given orifice meter and to find out the coefficient of orificemeter.
To calibrate the given venturimeter and to find out the coefficient of venturimeter.
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To calibrate the given rota meter.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
“Pharmaceutical Engineering”, Sambhamurthy K. (E)
“Martins Physical Pharmacy And Pharmaceutical Sciences”, Sinlko Patrick J., B I Publication (E)
“Textbook Of Physical Pharmaceutics”, Subrahmanyam C.V.S., Vallabh Prakashan (E)
“Pharmaceutical Engineering” by Subramanyum CVS Vallabh Prakashan (E)
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www.Pharmainfo.Net
“Elementary Chemical Engineering”, Peters Max (Sg)
“Essentials Of Physical Pharmacy”, Derle D V, Pharma Book Syndicate Publication (Sg)
“Physicochemical Principles Of Pharmacy”, Forence A.T., Macmillan Publication (Sg)
“Thetheory And Practice Of Industrial Pharmacy”, Lachman Leon, Varghese Publication (Sp)
“Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook”, Perry Robert H (Sp)
“Pharmaceutics : The Scinece Of Dosage Form Design”, Aulton Michael E, Churchill Livingstone Publication.
(Sp)
B53 Industrial Mirobiology
Theory 4 hrs/week
Immunology and Immunological Preparation: (20)
Principles, antigens and haptens, immune system cellular humoral immunity, immunological tolerance, antigen antibody reaction and their application. Hypersensitivity, Active and Passive immunization; Classification of immunological preparations, Vaccines ,Sera,Toxoids– General methods of preparation, standardization and storage . Brief introduction of venums.
Immunologicals‐ (15)
MMR Vaccine, Rubella Vaccine, Polio Vaccine, Pneumonia Vaccine, Diphtheria Vaccine, BCG Vaccine, Chicken pox Vaccine, Influenza Vaccine, Anti‐Rh factor, Hipatitis B Typhoid, Anti rabbies serum, and Tetanus serum, Anti snake
Biopharmaceuticals: Definition, Classification and applications. (05)
Genetic Recombination: (25)
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Microbial genetics and variation. Introduction of DNA,Mutation and its applications, Methods of genetic modification and its applications in industrial microbiology
Antibiotics: (20)
Historical development of antibiotics, antimicrobial spectrum and methods used for their standardization. Screening of soil for organisms producing antibiotics, fermenter, its design, and control of different parameters. Isolation of mutants, factor influencing rate of mutation. Design of fermentation process.Isolation of fermentation products with special reference to penicillin, streptomycins, tetracyclines and vitaminB12.
Microbial Transformation: (10)
Introduction, types of reactions mediated by microorganisms, design of biotransformation process, selection of organisms, biotransformation process and its improvements with special reference to steroids.
Enzyme immobilization: (05)
Technique of immobilization, factors affecting enzyme kinetics .Study of enzymes such as hyaluronidase, penicillinase, streptokinase and streptodornase, amylase and proteases etc.Immobilization of bacteria and Plant cell.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
“Pharmaceutical Biotechnology”, Purohit S S, Ab Grobias Publication (E)
“Pharmaceutical Biotechnology”, Sambhamurthy K., New Age International Publication (E)
“Principles Of Fermentation Technology”, Stanbury Peter F., Aditya Books Publication (E)
“Biotechnology”, Singh B.D., Kalyani Publication (Sg)
“Biotechnology Unlipfed”, Gracs Eric S., University Press Elsvier (Sg)
“Foundations In Pharmaceutical Biotechnology”, Nagori B P, Pharma Book Syndicate Publication (Sg)
“Methods In Biotechnology And Bioengineering” Vyas S.P., Cbs Publication (Sg)
“Text Book Of Biotechnology:Fundamentals”, Jain S K, Cbs Publication (Sg)
“Biotechnology An Introduction”, Barnum Susan R., Wadsworth Publication (Sp)
“Biotechnology The Biological Principles”, Trevan M.D., Tata Mcgraw‐Hill Publication (Sp)
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
Industrial Mirobiology
Theory 4 hrs/week
Immunology and Immunological Preparation: (20)
Principles, antigens and haptens, immune system cellular humoral immunity, immunological tolerance, antigen antibody reaction and their application. Hypersensitivity, Active and Passive immunization; Classification of immunological preparations, Vaccines ,Sera,Toxoids– General methods of preparation, standardization and storage . Brief introduction of venums.
Immunologicals‐ (15)
MMR Vaccine, Rubella Vaccine, Polio Vaccine, Pneumonia Vaccine, Diphtheria Vaccine, BCG Vaccine, Chicken pox Vaccine, Influenza Vaccine, Anti‐Rh factor, Hipatitis B Typhoid, Anti rabbies serum, and Tetanus serum, Anti snake
Biopharmaceuticals: Definition, Classification and applications. (05)
Genetic Recombination: (25)
Microbial genetics and variation. Introduction of DNA,Mutation and its applications, Methods of genetic modification and its applications in industrial microbiology
Antibiotics: (20)
Historical development of antibiotics, antimicrobial spectrum and methods used for their standardization. Screening of soil for organisms producing antibiotics, fermenter, its design, and control of different parameters. Isolation of mutants, factor influencing rate of mutation. Design of fermentation process.Isolation of fermentation products with special reference to penicillin, streptomycins, tetracyclines and vitaminB12.
Microbial Transformation: (10)
Introduction, types of reactions mediated by microorganisms, design of biotransformation process, selection of organisms, biotransformation process and its improvements with special reference to steroids.
Enzyme immobilization: (05)
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www.Pharmainfo.Net
Technique of immobilization, factors affecting enzyme kinetics .Study of enzymes such as hyaluronidase, penicillinase, streptokinase and streptodornase, amylase and proteases etc.Immobilization of bacteria and Plant cell.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
“Pharmaceutical Biotechnology”, Purohit S S, Ab Grobias Publication (E)
“Pharmaceutical Biotechnology”, Sambhamurthy K., New Age International Publication (E)
“Principles Of Fermentation Technology”, Stanbury Peter F., Aditya Books Publication (E)
“Biotechnology”, Singh B.D., Kalyani Publication (Sg)
“Biotechnology Unlipfed”, Gracs Eric S., University Press Elsvier (Sg)
“Foundations In Pharmaceutical Biotechnology”, Nagori B P, Pharma Book Syndicate Publication (Sg)
“Methods In Biotechnology And Bioengineering” Vyas S.P., Cbs Publication (Sg)
“Text Book Of Biotechnology:Fundamentals”, Jain S K, Cbs Publication (Sg)
“Biotechnology An Introduction”, Barnum Susan R., Wadsworth Publication (Sp)
“Biotechnology The Biological Principles”, Trevan M.D., Tata Mcgraw‐Hill Publication (Sp)
B54 Pharmacology II
Theory 4 hrs/week
Central Nervous System (CNS):
Neurohumoral transmission in the C.N.S,
General and local Anesthetics,
Drug Addiction and Drug Abuse,
Alcohol, ,
hallucinogens,
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
centrally acting muscle relaxants,
C.N.S. Stimulants.
Pathophysiology and Drugs used in :
Insomnia,
Anxiety,
Psychosis,
Depression,
Epilepsy,
Parkinsons Disease,
Alzheimer’s Disease
Pain pathway , Opioids
Drugs Acting on Urinary System
Fluid and electrolyte balance,
Diuretics,
Anti diuretics,
Urine acidifying and alkalinizing agents.
Respiratory System
Pharmacology of mucolytics,
expectorant
Pathophysiology of and drugs used in :
Bronchial asthma
Cough
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
Practicals 3 hrs/week
To study the sedative –hypnotic effect of diazepam & phenobarbitone sodium in mice.
To study the effect of diazepam on motor co‐ordination by rotarod test in mice.
To study the effect of drugs on spontaneous motor activity & evaluate their nature as CNS stimulant or depressant using photoactometer.
To study the analgesic effect of aspirin by acetic acid induced writhing method.
To study the analgesic effect o given drug by thermal method.
To study the cataleptic activity of haloperidol in rats.
To study the anti‐parkinsonian activity of levodopa by phenothiazine induced catatonia.
To evaluate the anti‐epileptic effect of phenytoin using maximum electrocnvulsive shock (MES) seizures in rats.
To study the effect of mydriatics and miotics on rabbit eye using simulation software.
To evaluate the local anesthetic effect of xylocaine using rabbit eye (Infiltration anaesthesia).
To evaluate the local anesthetic effect of xylocain using G.pig (intradermal method).
To determine analgesic activity and pain threshold of aspirin for healthy human volunteers.
To determine CNS stimulation activity of caffeine on healthy human volunteers.
To study the effect of CNS stimulant or anxiolytics using different mazes.
To study the effect of urea, furosemide & Acetazolamide on rat urine output
Books Recommended
1. Pharmacological Basis Of Therapeutics By Goodman & Gillman
2. Medical Pharmacology By Goth
3. Pharmacology By Gaddum
4. Pharmacology And Pharmacotherapeutics By Satoskar & Bhandarkar
5. Essentials Of Pharmacotherapeutics By F.S.K. Barar
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
6. Lewis Pharmacology By Crossland
7. Textbook Of Pharmacology By Bowman & Rand
8. Essentials Of Medical Pharmacology By K.D. Tripathi
9. Pharmacology By Rang & Dale
10. Elements Of Pharmacology By Dr. Derasari & Dr. Gandhi
11. Drug Interactions By Hansten
12. Introduction To General Toxicology By Aries Simonsis & Offermeier
13. Toxicology: The Basic Science Of Poisons By Casorett & Doull
14. Clinical Pharmacology By Lawrence
15. Principles Of Drug Action By Goldstein Aronow & Kalaman
16. Drug Treatment By Averey
17. Fundamentals Of Experimental Pharmacology By M.N. Ghosh
18. Handbook Of Experimental Pharmacology By S.K. Kulkarni
19. Pharmacological Experiments On Isolated Preparations By Perry
B55 Pharmacognosy – II
Theory
4 hrs/week
Systemic pharmacognostic study of following:
Carbohydrates and derived products: Agar, Guar gum, Acacia, Honey,
Isabgol, pectin, Starch and Tragacanth. 20
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Lipids: Bees wax, Castor oil, Cocoa butter, Cod‐liver oil, Hydnocarpus‐ Oil, 20
Kokum butter, Lard, Linseed oil, Rice‐Bran oil, Shark liver oil and Wool fat.
Resins: Study of Drugs containing Resins and Resin combinations like Colophony, podophyllum, jalap, cannabis, capsicum, ,myrrh, asafetida, balsam of tolu, balsam of peru, benzoin, turmeric, ginger, garlic, Guggal, Shilajit,. 25
Volatile oils: General methods of obtaining volatile oils from plants, study of volatile oils of mentha, coriander, cinnamon, cassia, lemon peel, orange peel, lemon grass, citronella, caraway, dill, spearmint, clove, fennel, nutmeg, eucalyptus, chenopodium, cardamom, valerian, musk, palmarosa, gaultheria, sandalwood. 35
Practicals 3 hrs/week
Morphological, Microscopic and chemical tests of
cinnamon bark
Eucalyptus leaf
Coriander fruit
Fennel fruit
Mentha leaf
Clove flower bud
Cardamom seed
Ginger rhizome
Capsicum fruit
Dill fruit
Linseed.
Isapgula seed.
To study morpholgy and chemical tests of cabohydrate & lipid containing drug.
To study morpholgy and chemical tests of resin containing drug.
TLC study of volatile oil containing drugs.
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www.Pharmainfo.Net
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
Atal C.K. And Kapur B.M., Cultivation And Utilization Of Medicinal Plants, Rrl Jammu.
Jackson Betty P., Atlas Of Microscopy Of Medicinal Plants, Culinary Herbs And Spices, Cbs Publication.
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia
Handa And Kaul, Cultivation Of Aromatic Plants
T. N. Vasudevan & K. S. Laddha, Practical Microscopy, Yucca Publishing
Harborne J B, Phytochemical Methods, Champan And Hall, International Edition, London
Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research (Csir), New Delhi.
Quadry J S, Shah And Qadrys Pharmacognosy, B.S.Shah Publication
Kokate C.K. Practical Pharmacognosy, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi.
Kokate C.K, Purohit A.P. And Gokhale S.B. Pharmacognosy (Degree) Nirali Prakashan, Pune.
Ashutosh Kar, Pharmacognosy And Pharmacobiotechnology, New Age International Publication
Khandelwal K R, Practical Pharmacognosy, Nirali Prakashan
Pharmacopoeia Of India, 1985, 1996, Govt. Of India, Ministry Of Health And Family Welfare.
Ross M.S.E And Brain K.R. An Introduction To Phytopharmacy, Pitman Medical. Kent.
Scheuer P.,3., Marine Natural Products, Academic Press, London.
The Wealth Of India, Raw Materials (All Volumes) Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research (Csir), New Delhi.
Trease E And Evans W.C., Pharmacognosy, Balliere Tindall. Eastbourne, U.K.
Tyler V.C., Brady L.R. And Robers W.E. , Pharmacognosy, Lea And Febiger, Ph
Wallis T.E., Text Book Of Pharmacognosy, 5th Edition, Cbs Publishers And Distributors.
Wagner, Plant Drug Analysis, Springer Verlag Publication.
Anasari, Pharmacognosy Textbook Of Natural Products, Latest Edition.
Rangari & Rangari, Text Book Of Pharmacognosy
MG Chauhan, Microscopy Of Leaf Drug, Jamnanagar Ayurved University
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www.Pharmainfo.Net
MG Chauhan, Microscopy Of Bark Drug, Jamnanagar Ayurved University
B56 Pharmaceutics-V(Unit operation-III) Theory 3 hrs/week
Filtration and Centrifugation: (40)
Theory of filtration, filter aids, filter media, industrial filter including filter press, rotary filter, edge filter, factors affecting filtration, mathematical problems of filtration, optimum cleaning cycle in batch filters, principle of centrifugation, industrial centrifugal filters, and centrifugal sedimenters.
Psychrometry:Dehumidification (30)
Humidity control: Basic concepts and definition, wet bulb and adiabatic saturation temp., psychrometric chart and measurement of humidity, applications of humidity measurement in pharmacy, equipments for dehumidification operation
HVAC. Humidity, Ventillation and air conditioning and demonstrations of AHU. (30)
LIST OF PRACTICALS:
1. Determine the specific cake resistance and resistance offered by filtermedia. 2. To study the effect of surface area on rate of filtration. 3. To study the effect of thickness of filters media on rate of filtration. 4. To study the effect of type of material on rate of filtration. 5. To study the effect of viscosity on rate of filtration. 6. To study the effect of temperature on rate of filtration. 7. To study the effect of filteraid on the rate of filtration. 8. To study the effect of method of using filteraid (precoating, addition) on rate of filtration. 9. To study the effect of pressure head on rate of filtration. 10. To study the working of laboratory centrifuge and to determine the effect of centrifugal force on
separation of solids from liquid. 11. To calculate the humidity, %humidity, relative humidity, humid heat & humid volume by dry bulb
and wet bulb temperature method. 12. To calculate the humidity, %humidity, relative humidity, humid heat & humid volume by dew point
method. 13. To determine the relative humidity using sling pshychrometer.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Tutorial Pharmacy Cooper and Guns, CBS Publishers (E)
2. “Elementary Chemical Engineering”, Peters Max (E)
3. “Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook”, Perry Robert H (Sg)
4. “Pharmaceutical Engineering”, Sambhamurthy K. (Sg)
5. “Pharmaceutical Engineering – Principles and Practices”, CVS Subramanyam (Sg)
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6. “Filtration In The Pharmaceutical Industry”, Meltzer Theodore H., Marcel Dekker Publication (Sp)
7. “Pharmaceutics The Science Of Dosage From Design”, Aulton Michael E., Elbs Publication (Sp)
8. “Pharmaceutical Process Engineering Vol 112”, Hickey Anthony J., Marcel Dekker Publication (Sp)
B57 Seminar Presentation‐II
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SEMESTER‐VI
B61 Pharmaceutical Chemistry – VI (Biochemistry‐II)
3 3 100 100
B62 Pharmaceutical Chemistry‐VII
(Medicinal Chemistry‐I)
3 3 100 100
B63 Pharmacology‐IV 4 3 100 100
B64 Pharmacognosy‐IV 3 3 100 100
B65 Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence &Ethics 4 ‐ 100 ‐‐
B66 Pharmaceutical Biostatistics 2 2 100 100
B67 Seminar Presentations‐III ‐‐ 3 ‐‐ 100
1500
B61 Pharmaceutical chemistry VI (Biochemistry‐II)
Theory 3hrs / week
Bioenergetics and biological oxidation
1 Bioenergetics and biological oxidation
1.1 Basic thermodynamic concepts.
The first law: heat, work, internal energy, enthalpy.
The second law and entropy.
Free energy
1.2 The physical significance of thermodynamic properties.
1.3 The effect of pH on standard state free energies.
1.4 The effect of concentration on net free energy changes.
1.5 The high energy biomolecules.
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1.6 ATP is an intermediate energy shuttle molecule, its production, daily requirement effect of concentration and metal ions on the free energy of hydrolysis of ATP.
1.7 Redox potential.
1.7.1 Nernst equation.
1.7.2 Biological significance.
1.8 Enzymes and coenzymes involved in oxi‐red potential.
1.8.1 Biological significance
1.8.2 Regulation of the oxi‐red potential in biological system.
1.9 The electron transport chain.
1.9.1 Bio macromolecules fate and ETC
1.9.2 Regulation of ETC
1.9.3 Oxidative phosphorylation.
1.9.4 Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation
1.9.5 P/O ratio fir ETC and oxidative phosphorylation.
Carbohydrate metabolism.
2.1.7 Introduction to metabolism.
2.1.7.1 Defination of metabolism.
2.1.7.2. Classification of metabolism.
2.1.7.3 Role of ATP in metabolism
2.1.8 Glycolysis (conversion of glucose from polysaccharides.)
2.1.8.1 Conversion in to glucose‐1 phosphate.
2.1.8.2 Glycolysis enzyme involved in it.
Fate of pyruvate.
Regulation of glycolysis.
2.1.9 Gluconeogenesis and its role
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2.1.10 Glycogenolysis.
2.3 Pentose phosphate pathway and its regulation.
2.4 The citric acid cycle.
2.4.1 Site of TCA cycle.
2.4.2 LDH(lactate dehydrogenase)pathway.
2.4.3 Role of various enzymes involved in TCA
2.4.4 Regulation of TCA cycle.
2.4.5 The entry and exit of various intermediate.
2.4.6 The glyoxylate cycle.
Lipid Metabolism
3.2 Oxidation of fatty acids.
3.2.1 Discovery of β‐oxidation.
3.2.2 –oxidation of fatty acids and role of coenzyme A.
3.2.3 –oxidation of odd carbon fatty acids.
3.2.3 –oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids.
3.2.4 α‐oxidation of branched‐ chain fatty acids.
3.2.5 ω‐oxidation of fatty acids yiels small amount of dicarboxylic acids.
3.2.6 Ketone bodies biosynthesis and its utilization.
3.2.7 Regulation of lipid metabolism.
3.2.7.1 Role of allosteric modifiers.
3.2.7.2 Role of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation cycles.
3.2.7.3 Hormonal Regulation.
3.2.8 Eicosanoids biosynthesis (prostaglandins and thromboxanes)
3.2.9 Phosholipids and Sphingolipids biosynthesis and regulation.
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3.3 Cholesterol biosynthesis.
3.3.1 Synthesis from squalene.
3.3.2 Squlene from mevalonate.
3.3.3 Conversion of lanosterol to cholesterol.
Protein Metabolism
4.4 Nitrogen fixation and the nitrogen cycle overview.
4.5 Assimilation of ammonia.
4.6 Biosynthesis of amino acids.
4.7 Catabolism of aminoacids.
4.8 Amino acid conversion to specialized product.
4.9 The urea cycle
4.9.1 Enzymes involved in urea cycle
4.9.2 Ancillary reaction of urea cycle
4.9.3 Disorders of urea cycle
4.10 Metabolism of sulphur containing amino acids.
4.10.1 Methinine, cytosine
Nucleotides, structure, function and metabolism
5. Nucleotides, structure, function and metabolism
5.1 Pyrimidines and purines
5.2 Nucleotides
5.3 Nucleosides
5.4 Purine biosynthesis and its metabolism
5.4.1 Precursor for biosynthesis
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5.4.2 Regulation
5.4.3 Disorders of purine metabolism
5.5 Pyrimidine biosynthesis and its metabolism
5.5.1 Precursor for biosynthesis
5.5.2 Regulatuion and disorder of pyrimidine metabolism
5.6 Deoxy ribonucleotides.
5.6.1 Formulations
5.6.2 Regulations.
Nucleic acids, genetic code & protein synthesis.
6 Nucleic acids, genetic code & protein synthesis.
6.1 Introduction to genetic organization of the mammalian genome.
6.1.1 Structure of DNA.
6.1.2 DNA super coiling.
6.1.3 RNA & its types.
6.1.4 Nucleases & hydrolysis of nucleic acids.
6.2 Biosynthesis of DNA & its replication.
6.3 Repair of damaged DNA.
6.3.1 UV light causes dimerization.
6.3.2 Excision repair.
6.4 Biosynthesis of RNA.
6.4.1 Types of RNA.
6.4.2 Transcription.
6.4.3 The lac operation the ’‐ve’ & `+ve’ resulation its role, function.
6.4.4 Post translation modifications of RNA.
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6.5 Genetic code & transfer RNA.
6.6 Components of protein synthesis.
6.7 Inhibition of protein synthesis.
6.8 Regulation & protein synthesis.
6.9 Genetic engineering‐brief overview.
6.10 Polymerase chain reactions.
Types, classifications, function & biological significance.
6.11 Regulation of gene expression.
Practicals 3 hrs/wk
Introduction to Carbohydrates.
To perform chemical test of a given carbohydrate sample.
To find out % w/v of glucose by Benedict’s quantitative method.
To find out % w/v glucose by Cole’s ferricyanide – Methylene Blue method.
To find out blood glucose by Folin‐Wu method.
Introduction to protein and its test for identification.
To identify the given unknown protein sample.
To study the biochemistry of food stuffs.
To find out % w/v of Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) in the given sample.
To perform separation of amino acids by two dimensional paper
chromatography.
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Isolation of RNA from yeast.
Determination of glucose by means of the enzyme glucose oxidase.
The Folin‐Lowry method for protein assay.
Polyacrylamide – gel electrophoresis.
SDS – gel electrophoresis.
To perform estimation of serum phosphorous in the given sample.
Books Recommended:
E.E. Conn And P.K. Stumpf, Outlines Of Biochemistry, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
A.L. Lehninger, Principles Of Biochemistry, CBS Publishers And Distributors, New Delhi.
R. K. Murray, D.K. Granner, P.A. Mayes, V.W. Rodwell, Harper’s Biochemistry, Prentice, Hall International Inc., Latest Edition.
S.C. Rastogi, Biochemistry, Tata Macgraw Hill, New Delhi, Latest Edition.
M. Cohn, K.S. Roth, Biochemistry And Disease, William And Wilkins Co., Baltimore,Latest Edition.
U. Satyanarayana, Biochemistry, Books And Allied (P) Ltd., Calcutta, Latest Edition.
G.F. Zubay, W.W. Parson, D.E. Vance, Principles Of Biochemistry, WCB Publishers, England, Latest Edition.
S. Ramakrishnan, K.G. Prasanan, R. Rajan, Textbook Of Medical Biochemistry,Orient Longman, Madras, Latest Edition.
S.K. Sawhney, Randhir Singh, Introductory Practical Biochemistry, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.
D.T. Plummer, An Introduction To Practical Biochemistry, Tata Mcgraw Hill, New Delhi.
J. Jayaraman, Laboratory Manual In Biochemistry, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi
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B62 Pharmaceutical chemistry VII (Medicinal chemistry I)
Theory 3 hrs / wk
Basic principles of Medicinal Chemistry
Physico‐chemical aspects (Optical, geometric, and bioisosterism) of drug molecules and biological action, Drug‐receptor interaction including transduction mechanisms.
Drugs acting on Cardiovascular System
Synthetic procedures of selected drugs, modes of action, uses, structure activity relationship including physicochemical properties of the following classes of drugs: Diuretics, Cardiovascular drugs, anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs.
Drugs acting on Autocoids
Synthetic procedures of selected drugs, modes of action, uses, structure activity relationship including physicochemical properties of the following classes of drugs: Autocoids (Antihistamines, Eicosanoids, Analgesic, antipyretics, anti‐inflammatory (Non‐steroidal) agents); Drugs acting on respiratory system‐ Antitussive, expectorents, Respiratory stimulants
Drug metabolism and concept of prodrug.
Practicals 3 hrs / wk
Introduction to binary mixtures and importance of solubility in separation of binary mixture.
To separate and identify the nature of the organic binary mixture.
To separate and identify the nature of the organic binary mixture.
To separate and identify the nature of the organic binary mixture.
To separate and identify the nature of the organic binary mixture.
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To separate and identify the nature of the organic binary mixture.
To separate and identify the nature of the organic binary mixture.
To separate and identify the nature of the organic binary mixture.
Synthesis of Aspirin from salicylic acid.
Synthesis of 2‐methyl benzimidazole from O‐phenylene diamine.
Synthesis of N‐phenyl thiourea from aniline.
Synthesis of acetyl glycine from glycine.
Synthesis of 4‐benzylidine 2‐methyl oxazole 5‐one from acetyl glycine.
Synthesis of 3‐methyl 1‐phenyl pyrazol 5‐one using ethyl acetoacetate.
Synthesis of benzil from benzoin.
Synthesis of benzilic acid from benzil.
Books Recommended
J.N. Delagado And W.A.R. Remers, Eds, Wilson And Giswold’s Textbook Of Organic,
Medicinal And Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J. Lipponcott Co., Philadelphia.
W.C. Foye, Principles Of Medicinal Chemistry, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
H. E. Wolff, Ed., Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Daniel Lednicer, Strategies For Organic Drug Synthesis & Design, John Wiley & Sons, USA.
B. N. Ladu, H.G. Mandel & E.L.Way, Fundamentals Of Drug Metabolism & Disposition,
William & Wilkins Co., Baltimore.
I.L. Finar , Organic Chemistry, Vol. I & II, ELBS/Longman, London.
Vogel’s Text Book Of Practical Organic Chemistry, , ELBS/Longman, London.
Mann & Saunder, Practical Organic Chemistry, Orient Longman, UK.
Shriner, Hermann, Morrill, Curtin & Fuson, The Systematic Identification Of Organic Compound, John Wiley & Sons, USA.
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R. M. Silverstein, G. Claytron Bassel’s, T.C. Movvill, Spectrometric Identification Of Organic Compounds, John Wiely & Sons, USA
William Kemp, Organic Spectroscopy, ELBS, London.
Popst And Perrum, Compouter Aided Drug Design, Academic Press, New York.
C. Hansch, Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. IV, Quantitative Drug Design, Purgamon Press, Oxford.
Jurs, P. C. Computer Software Application In Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Martin, Y. C. Quantitative Drug Design‐ A Critical Introduction (Medicinal Research Monograph, Vol. 8) Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.
Exploring QSAR Vol. 1 & Vol 2, Hansch And Leo, ACS Book Catalog.
T. Nogradey, Medicinal Chemistry‐ A Biochemical Approach, Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
B63 Pharmacology IV
Theory 4 hrs/week
Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders:
Pharmacology of Pitutary, hypothalamic
Thyroid hormones
Drugs affecting Calcium homeostasis.
Corticosteroids.
Androgens and anabolic steroids.
Pharmacology of drugs acting on reproductive system
Pathophysiology of and Drugs used in Diabetes mellitus and obesity.
Chemotherapy
Pathophysiology of communicable diseases, their causative agents, modes of transmissions and prevention
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Viral diseases : Chicken pox, measles, mumps, rubella, Influenza, Dengue , Chikun gunia, poliomyelitis, hepatitis, AIDS, rabies, rubella
Bacterial Diseases: Diphtheria, Whooping cough, tuberculosis, , cholera, typhoid, leprosy, syphilis, gonorrhea, food poisoning, plague, tetanus, Anthrax
Protozoal Disease: Malaria, Amoebiasis, Leishmaniasis
Helmenthiasis: Filariasis, Ascariasis, Schistosomiasis
General principles of chemotherapy.
Sulphonamides, co‐trimoxazole, Quinolones,nitrofurans.
Antibiotics:‐ Betalactams, Macrolides
Tetracyclines, Aminoglycosides, Chloramphenicol, and Miscellaneous Antibiotics.
Chemotherapy of tuberculosis, leprosy, fungal Diseases, viral diseases, urinary tract infections and sexually Transmitted Diseases
Chemotherapy of the parasitic diseases:‐ Helmenthiasis, malaria, amoebiasis and other Protozoal infections
Chemotherapy of malignancy and Immunosuppressive Agents.
Practical 3 hrs/week
To study the estrus cycle of Rat (Smear)
To perform the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
To find out Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides and HDL
To study the effect of Oxytocin on Rat Uterus
To study the effect of Spironolactone on Urinary Sodium and Potassium
To study the effect of thyroid hormone on body weight, food intake and Basal Metabolic Rate
To study the antibacterial effect of given unknown drug by Agar plate method
To study the skeletal muscle relaxant effect of Aminoglycoside antibiotics
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To determine antibacterial spectrum of given unknown drug
To study the effect of combination of antibiotics so as to understand the mechanism of action.
Books Recommended
1. Pharmacological Basis Of Therapeutics By Goodman & Gillman
2. Medical Pharmacology By Goth
3. Pharmacology By Gaddum
4. Pharmacology And Pharmacotherapeutics By Satoskar & Bhandarkar
5. Essentials Of Pharmacotherapeutics By F.S.K. Barar
6. Lewis Pharmacology By Crossland
7. Textbook Of Pharmacology By Bowman & Rand
8. Essentials Of Medical Pharmacology By K.D. Tripathi
9. Pharmacology By Rang & Dale
10. Elements Of Pharmacology By Dr. Derasari & Dr. Gandhi
11. Drug Interactions By Hansten
12. Introduction To General Toxicology By Aries Simonsis & Offermeier
13. Toxicology: The Basic Science Of Poisons By Casorett & Doull
14. Clinical Pharmacology By Lawrence
15. Principles Of Drug Action By Goldstein Aronow & Kalaman
16. Drug Treatment By Averey
17. Fundamentals Of Experimental Pharmacology By M.N. Ghosh
18. Handbook Of Experimental Pharmacology By S.K. Kulkarni
19. Pharmacological Experiments On Isolated Preparations By Perry
B64 Pharmacognosy – IV
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Theory 3 hrs/week
Systemic pharmacognostic study of following:
1. Alkaloid containing drugs:
a) Pyridine‐piperidine: Tobacco, areca and lobelia
b) Tropane: Belladonna, hyoscyamus, datura, duboisia, coca and withania.
c) Quinoline and Isoquinoline: Cinchona, ipecac and opium.
d) Indole: Ergot, rauwolfia, catharanthus, nux‐vomica and phytostigma
e) Imidazole: Pilocarpus
f) Steroidal: Veratrum and Kurchi
g) Alkaloidal amine: Ephedra and colchicum
h) Glycoalkaloid: Solanum
i) Purines: Coffee, tea and cola
j) Quinazoline : Vasaka
k) misc: Punarnava, Shankhpushpi,
2. Enzymes: Biological sources, preparation, identification tests and uses of the following Diastase, papain, pepsin, trypsin, pancreatin.
3. Plant bitters and sweeteners.
4. Herbs as health foods
5. Herbal cosmetics.
6. Biosynthetic / Genetic pathway: Methods of investigation of biogenetic pathways and their techniques: Biogenetic pathways for the production of phytopharmaceuticals
Practicals 3 hrs/week
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To Study Morphology, Microscopy of
Datura leaf.
Withania.
Punarnava.
Cinchona Bark.
Ipecac Root.
Vasaka leaf.
Vinca Leaf.
Nux‐Vomica Seed.
Rauwolfia Root.
Kurchi bark.
Solanum xanthocarpous .
Sankhpuspi.
Ephedra stem.
To Identify Given Powder Mixture of herbal drugs (2)
To Study Morphology and TLC of Cinchona and Ipecac Datura, Withania Leaf and Root.
To Study Morphology and TLC of Vinca, Ergot, Nux Vomica, Rauwolfia.
To Study Morphology of Areca, Lobelia Leaf and TLC of lobelia and Ephedra, Kurchi bark, solanum.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
Atal C.K. And Kapur B.M., Cultivation And Utilization Of Medicinal Plants, Rrl Jammu.
Jackson Betty P., Atlas Of Microscopy Of Medicinal Plants, Culinary Herbs And Spices, Cbs Publication.
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia
Handa And Kaul, Cultivation Of Aromatic Plants
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Harborne J B, Phytochemical Methods, Champan And Hall, International Edition, London
Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research (Csir), New Delhi.
Quadry J S, Shah And Qadrys Pharmacognosy, B.S.Shah Publication
Kokate C.K. Practical Pharmacognosy, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi.
Kokate C.K, Purohit A.P. And Gokhale S.B. Pharmacognosy (Degree) Nirali Prakashan, Pune.
Ashutosh Kar, Pharmacognosy And Pharmacobiotechnology, New Age International Publication
Henry Thomas Anderson, The Plant Alkaloids, Anmol Publications
Khandelwal K R, Practical Pharmacognosy, Nirali Prakashan
Pharmacopoeia Of India, 1985, 1996, Govt. Of India, Ministry Of Health And Family Welfare.
Ross M.S.E And Brain K.R. An Introduction To Phytopharmacy, Pitman Medical. Kent.
Scheuer P.,3., Marine Natural Products, Academic Press, London.
The Wealth Of India, Raw Materials (All Volumes) Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research (Csir), New Delhi.
Trease E And Evans W.C., Pharmacognosy, Balliere Tindall. Eastbourne, U.K.
Tyler V.C., Brady L.R. And Robers W.E. , Pharmacognosy, Lea And Febiger, Ph
Wallis T.E., Text Book Of Pharmacognosy, 5th Edition, Cbs Publishers And Distributors.
Wagner, Plant Drug Analysis, Springer Verlag Publication.
Secondary Plant Metabolites By Wickery And Wickery
Wiliamson Elizabeth M. Ed., Major Herbs Of Ayurveda, Churchill Livingstone Publication
Edwin And Edwin, Textbook Of Pharmacognosy And Phytochemistry, CBS Publication.
Anasari, Essential Of Pharmacognosy, Birla Publication.
Rangari & Rangari, Text Book Of Pharmacognosy
Sims, Medicinal Plant Alkaloids, University Of Toronto Press.
Herbal Drug Technology, Paridhavi
MG Chauhan, Microscopy Of Leaf Drug, Jamnanagar Ayurved University
MG Chauhan, Microscopy Of Bark Drug, Jamnanagar Ayurved University
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B65 Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence & Ethics
Theory 4 hrs/week
An elaborate study of the following:
Pharmaceutical ethics (04)
Pharmacy act 1948 (15)
Drugs and Cosmetics act 1940 and rules 1945 (25)
Medicinal and toilet preparations (Excise Duties) act 1955 (05)
Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances act 1985 and rules (10)
Drugs price control order (07)
A brief study of the following with special reference to the main provisions:
Drugs and Magic remedies (objectionable Advertisements) act 1954 (05)
Prevention of cruelty to animals act 1960 (05)
States Shops & Establishments act and rules (05)
AICTE act 1987 (05)
Factories act 1948 (07)
Patents act 1970 (07)
A brief study of the various legal aspects of miscellaneous products, medical/surgical accessories, diagnostic aids, appliances available in the market
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BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
“A Text Book Of Forensic Pharmacy”, Jain N.K., Vallabh Prakashan (E)
“A Textbook Of Forensic Pharmacy”, Mithal B.M., National Book Centre (E)
The Poisons Act, 1919”, Law Publication (Sg)
“ The Opium Act, 1857 with Opium Act, 1878 and Opium and Revenue Laws” Law Publication (Sg)
The Drugs And Cosmetics Act, 1940”, Law Publication (Sg)
Drugs And Cosmetics Act , 1940”, Malik Vijay, Eastern Book Company (Sg)
The Drugs ( Prices Control) Order, 1987 : Alongwith New Drugs Policy, 1994 And Drugs (Prices Control) Order 1995”, Law Publication (Sp)
The Pharmacy Act, 1948”, Law Publication (Sp)
The Prevention Of Illicit Traffic In Narcotic Drugs And Psychotropic Substances Act, 1988”, Law Publication
(Sp)
The Standards Of Weights And Measures Act, 1976”, Law Publication (Sp)
B66 Biostatistics:
1. Basic concepts of Biostatistics‐
Statistics & Biostatistics, Variables and Constants, population and sample
Statistical data‐ Classification, Presentation and tabulation of data, Frequency distribution‐ graphical presentation of data (10)
2. Central tendency‐ Central tendency and its measures with their properties,comparisons of different measures, Applications in pharmaceutical studies (10)
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Variability‐ Dispersion of data, its measures, properties of different measures, coefficient of variation, Measures relating to the shape of the distribution graph‐ Skewness and Kurtosis (10)
Probability distributions‐ Binomial distribution, Poisson Distribution, Normal Distribution‐ Applications in pharmacy (10)
Correlation & Regression
Correlation‐ Definition, Types, Methods of analysis‐ Scatter diagram, correlation coefficient, spearmann’s correlation (20)
Tests of significance‐
Terms and Procedure of testing of hypothesis, Tests of significance for large samples, Tests of significance for small samples‐ t‐distribution, and its applications in testing of hypothesis, F‐distribution and its applications
�2‐test‐ �2‐distribution, properties and conditions of �2‐ distribution, Applications of c2‐ distribution in testing of hypothesis (20)
ANOVA‐ Definition, Technique and assumptions, One‐way and Two‐way ANOVA ‐ Applications of mathematical modeling (10)
Sampling Methods: Sample and population, need of sampling, sample size, methods of sampling. (10)
PRACTICALS 3 hrs/week
(Use of functions and data analysis component of Excel)
Finding average and variability
Performing various significance tests
Various excerises based upon use of computers in treatment of Pharmacokinetic data and BA –BE Data.
Demonstration of Biostatistics softwares and its application in pharmacy
Linear regression and correlation analysis
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BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
“Methods Of Biostatistics”, Mahajan (E)
“Basic Biostatistics For Pharmacy”, Atul Prakashan (First Edition) (E)
“Advanced Mathematics And Biostatistics For Pharmacy”, Dr. K. R. Kachot (Third Edition) (E)
“Biostatistics‐ A Foundation For Analysis In The Health Sciences”, Wayne W. Deniel (Seventh Edition)
(Sg)
“An Introduction To Biostatistics”, P. S. S. Sundar Rao, J. Richard (Third Edition) (Sg)
“Probability And Statistics”, Mary R. Spiegel (Sg)
Biostatistics and computer applications‐ Shah (Sg)
Fundamentals of Biostatistics – Khan and Khanum (Sg)
Fundamentals of Biostatistics‐ Rosner (Sp)
Biostatistical Methods – Looney (Sp)
Pharmaceutical Statistics, Bolton, Second Edition, Marcel Dekker Incorporation. (Sp)
B67 Seminar Presentation‐III
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SEMESTER‐VII
B71 Pharmaceutical Chem‐VIII (Medicinal chemistry‐II)
3 3 100 100
B72 Clinical Pharmacy‐I 4 2 100 100
B73 Pharmacognosy ‐V 3 3 100 100
B74 Pharmaceutics‐VI (Dosage Form Design, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics)
3 3 100 100
B75 Pharmaceutics‐VII (Pharmaceutical Technology)
3 3 100 100
B76 Hospital Pharmacy 3 ‐ 100 100
B77 Elective (Theory) 3 ‐ 100 ‐‐
1100
B71 Pharmaceutical Chemistry VIII (Medicinal Chemistry – II)
Theory 3 hrs/wk
Drugs acting in Infective diseases‐Sulfonamides and Quinolones
Synthetic procedures of selected drugs, mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship including Physico‐Chemical properties of the following classes of drugs: Anti‐infective agents (including sulphonamide).
Antibiotics
Synthetic procedures of selected drugs, mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship including Physico‐Chemical properties of the following classes of drugs: Antibiotics, beta‐lactams, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, chloramphemicol and miscellinious antibiotics.
Chemotherapy of fungal infections, tuberculosis and leprosy
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Synthetic procedures of selected drugs, mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship including Physico‐Chemical properties of the following classes of drugs: Drugs used in
Chemotherapy of fungal infections, tuberculosis and leprosy.
Chemotherapeutic agents used in Protozoal, Parasitic and other infection
Synthetic procedures of selected drugs, mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship including Physico‐Chemical properties of the following classes of drugs: Chemotherapeutic agents used in Protozoal, Parasitic and other infection.
Antineoplastic agents
Synthetic procedures of selected drugs, mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship including Physico‐Chemical properties of the following classes of drugs: Antineoplastic agents
Anti‐viral Chemotherapy
Synthetic procedures of selected drugs, mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship including Physico‐Chemical properties of the following classes of drugs: Anti‐viral including anti‐HIV agents.
Immunotherapy
Synthetic procedures of selected drugs, mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship including Physico‐Chemical properties of the following classes of drugs: Immunosuppressives and immunostimulants.
Diagnostic agents and Pharmaceutical Aids
Synthetic procedures of selected drugs, mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship including Physico‐Chemical properties of the following classes of drugs: Diagnostic agents, Pharmaceutical Aids.
Steroids and related drugs
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Synthetic procedures of selected drugs, mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship including Physico‐Chemical properties of the following classes of drugs: Steroids and related drugs: Steroidal nomenclature and stereochemistry, androgens and anabolic agents, estrogens and progestational agents, adrenocorticoids.
Proteins, hormones and related drugs
Synthetic procedures of selected drugs, mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship including Physico‐Chemical properties of the following classes of drugs: Amino acids, peptides, nucleotides and related drugs (Thyroid and anti thyroid drugs, Insulin and oral hypoglycaemic agents, Peptidomimetics and nucleotidomimetics).
Synthetic procedures of selected drugs, mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship including Physico‐Chemical properties of the following classes of drugs: Drugs affecting uterine motility‐Oxytocics (including oxytocin, ergot alkaloids and prostaglandins).
Practicals 3 hrs/wk
Introduction to binary mixtures and to study the solubility, separation and identification of binary mixture.
To separate and identify the given organic binary mixture( 7 exercises)
To synthesize 2,3‐diphenyl quinoxaline from o‐phenylene diamine. (Step 1)
To synthesize 2,3‐diphenyl quinoxaline from o‐phenylene diamine. (Step 2)
To synthesize sulphanilamide from acetanilide. (Step 1)
To synthesize sulphanilamide from acetanilide. (Step 2)
To synthesize paracetamol from nitrobenzene. (Step 1)
To synthesize paracetamol from nitrobenzene. (Step 2)
To synthesize phthalimide from phthalic anhydride.
To synthesize anthranilic acid from phthalimide
Books Recommended:
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
J.N. Delagado And W.A.R. Remers, Eds, Wilson And Giswold’s Textbook Of Organic,
Medicinal And Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J. Lipponcott Co., Philadelphia.
W.C. Foye, Principles Of Medicinal Chemistry, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
H. E. Wolff, Ed., Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Daniel Lednicer, Strategies For Organic Drug Synthesis & Design, John Wiley & Sons, USA.
B. N. Ladu, H.G. Mandel & E.L.Way, Fundamentals Of Drug Metabolism & Disposition, William & Wilkins Co., Baltimore.
I.L. Finar , Organic Chemistry, Vol. I & II, ELBS/Longman, London.
Vogel’s Text Book Of Practical Organic Chemistry, , ELBS/Longman, London.
Mann & Saunder, Practical Organic Chemistry, Orient Longman, UK.
Shriner, Hermann, Morrill, Curtin & Fuson, The Systematic Identification Of Organic Compound, John Wiley & Sons, USA.
R. M. Silverstein, G. Claytron Bassel’s, T.C. Movvill, Spectrometric Identification Of Organic Compounds, John Wiely & Sons, USA
William Kemp, Organic Spectroscopy, ELBS, London.
B72 Clinical Pharmacy – I
Theory 4 hrs/week
Introduction to Clinical pharmacy.
Basic concepts of pharmacotherapy
Clinical pharmacokinetics and individualization of drug therapy
Drug use during Infancy and in the Elderly
Drug use during pregnancy.
Drug induced diseases.
Interpretation of clinical laboratory tests and its significance.
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Drugs in clinical toxicology Introduction, general treatment of poisoning, systemic antidotes, treatment of insecticide, heavy metal, narcotic drugs, barbiturates and organophosphorus poisoning.
Drug interactions and Pharmacovigilence Introduction, mechanism, drug‐food interactions, drug‐drug interactions, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Concept of Essential Drug and Rational Drug use.
Pharmacoeconomics
Modern Dispensing aspects‐ Clinical pharmacists and patient counseling and advice for the use of common drugs, medication history.
Practical 3 hrs/week
Introduction to Drug interactions, types of D/I, effector drugs, mechanism of D/I, outcomes of D/I (i.e synergism, addition, antagonism, potentiation)
Introduction to Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) & Concept of Pharmacovigilence.
To find out D/I, type of D/I, it’s clinical menifestations & appropriate measures to prevent it for Drugs acting on CVS (Diuretics, Antihypertensives, antidysrrythmics, antianginal)
To find out D/I, type of D/I, it’s clinical menifestations & appropriate measures to prevent it for Drugs acting on blood and blood forming agents (Haemopoetics, iron supplements & folic acid, Anticoagulants, antiplatelets, fibrinolytics)
To find out D/I, type of D/I, it’s clinical menifestations & appropriate measures to prevent it for
(a)Drugs acting on GIT
( Antidiarrhoeals, laxatives, drugs for IBDs, Emetics & Antiemetics)
(b) Drugs acting on calcifications & bone turn over
(Calcium, calcium supplements, vita D analogues)
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To find out D/I, type of D/I, it’s clinical menifestations & appropriate measures to prevent it for Chemotherapeutic agents
(Antibacterials (Sulphonamides, Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides), Antivirals, Antiprotozoals, Anti fungals, Anthelmentics, Antimycobacterials, anticancer)
To find out D/I, type of D/I, it’s clinical menifestations & appropriate measures to prevent it for Drugs acting on CNS
(Anti anxiety drugs, Hypnotics, Sedatives, Antiparkinson drugs, NSAIDS, Opiods, Anaesthetics (L.A & G. A), Anti epileptics, Alcohol, Anti depressants, Antipsychotic)
To find out D/I, type of D/I, it’s clinical menifestations & appropriate measures to prevent it for Miscellaneous class
(Oral contraceptives, Insulin &Oral hypoglycemics, Immunomodulators, Thyroid & Anti thyroid drugs, Anti asthma drugs, Anti cough drug, Hypouricemics & Uricosurics)
To find out important food drug interactions, it’s clinical menifestations & preventive measures. Enlist the major ADRs, its mechanism, clinical menifestations & preventive measures for Drugs acting on CVS, Drugs acting on blood and blood forming agents, Chemotherapeutic agents.
Enlist the major ADRs, its mechanism, clinical menifestations & preventive measures for Drugs acting on GIT , Drugs acting on CNS, Miscellaneous class
To study grades of toxicity (I. e A, B, C, D, E. To give the concept of Therapeutic drug monitoring.
To enlist the drugs causing major organ damage. To find out mechanism of it & give the preventive measures.
Introduction to prescription, method of writing prescription, terms & it’s importance, misinterpretation of prescription, measures to prevent it.
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Prescription audit (Part‐ I)
Check the format, rationality/ irrationality (Acc. To DC of India), Essentiality (Acc. To WHO guidelines for essential drugs)(Refer Indian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy)(Provide prescriptions)
Prescription audit (Part‐ II)
Formulation audit (Part‐ I)
Take the formulations available in market (from SIMS, MIMS and PDR). Check essentiality, rationality. Justify the formulation.
Books Recommended:
A Handbook Of Experiments In Pre‐Clinical Pharmacology By Kasture
A Text Book Of Clinical Pharmacyp Ractice:Essential Concepts And Skills By Parthasarthi
Basic Principles Of Clinical Research And Methodology By Gupta SK
Clinical Pharmacy And Therapeutics By Herfindal
Clinical Pharmacy And Therapeutics By Roger Walker
Clinical Pharmacology By Bennet
Clinical Pharmacology By Laurence
Handbook Of Clinical Pharmacy By Yadav A.V
Meylers Side Effects Of Drugs VOL 1 – 6 By Aronson J.K
Textbook Of Biopharmaceutics And Clinical Pharmacokinetics By Keane Bil
Aids To Clinical Pharmacology And Therapeutics By Rees John
Applied Therapeutics:The Clinical Use Of Drugs By Koch And Kimble
Basic And Clinical Pharmacology By Katzung
Basic And Clinical Pharmacology Made Memorable By Luty Jason
Clinical Interpretation Of Laboratory Test By Widmann Frances
Clinical Pharmacokinetics : Concepts And Application By Rowland Macolm
CLINICAL PHARMACY By Tipnis
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CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY By Marsha Ford
Contemporary Perspectives On Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics By Kamlesh Kohli
Element Of Clinical Pharmacy By R K Goyal
Encyclopedia Of Clinical Pharmacy By Dipiro Joseph
Mcqs IN CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY By Mant Timothy
Modern Pharmacology With Clinical Applications By Craig Charles
Oxford Text Book Of Clinical Pharmacology And Drug Therapy By Grathame Smith
Principles Of Clinical Pharmacology By Atkinson Arthur
Selected Topics In Clinical Pharmacology By Kshirsagar
B73 Pharmacognosy – V (Chemistry of Natural Products)
Theory 3 hrs/week
Chemistry, isolation, estimation (selected), stereochemistry (selected) and therapeutic
importance of simple molecules of the following natural compounds.
Terpenoids: Limonene, Menthone, Borneol, Gibberellic Acid,Sitosterol, Oleanolic Acid
Carotenoids : α,β‐Caroten And Luteine
Glycosides: Digitoxin, Sennosides, Diosgenin
Alkaloids: Atropine, Quinine, Reserpine, Morphine, Papaverine, Ephedrine, Ergot, Vinca
Lignans‐ Podophylotoxin, Quassianosides,
Flavonoids‐ Rutin, Quercetin
Practicals 4 hrs/week
Isolation and identification of diosgenin from methi.
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Isolation and identification of glycyrrihizinate from glycyrrhiza powder & determination of ash value of crude drug
Isolation and identification of curcumin from turmeric powder.
Isolation and identification of Quinine sulphate from cinchona bark.
Isolation and identification of nicotine picrate from tobacco leaves.
Isolation and identification of calcium citrate from lemon juice & pectin from lemon peel
Isolation and identification of caffeine from different brand of tea.
Isolation and identification of piperine from peeper fruit powder.
Isolation of sennoside from senna powder.
Estimation of total tannin in Amla, Bahera, Harde powder and TRIFLA churna.
Estimation of tropane alkaloids from datura powder
Estimation of total vasaka alkaloids by titrimetric method.
Isolation of berberine from Berberis aristata root.
Estimation of total Rauwolfia alkaloids by colorimetric method.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
Bhat S V, Chemistry Of Natural Products, Narosa Publishing House
O.P. Agrawal, Chemistry Of Natural Products
Chatwal Gurdeep R., Organic Chemistry Of Natural Products, Himalaya Publication
Harborne J.B., Phytochemical Methods : A Guide To Modern Techniques Of Plant Analysis, Chapman And Hall Publication.
Quality Control Methods For Medicinal Plant Materials, Who Publication
Bruneton Jean,Pharmacognosy : Phytochemistry Medicinal Plants, Lavoisier Publishing
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www.Pharmainfo.Net
Finar,Organic Chemistry Vol. Ii, Chemistry Of Natural Products, Elbs Publication.
Wagner & Bladt, Plant Drug Analysis, Springer Verlag Publication.
Wickery And Wickery, Secondary Plant Metabolites
Anasari, Essential Of Pharmacognosy, Birla Publication.Latest Edition.
Herbal Drug Technology, Paridhavi
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B74 Pharmaceutics‐VI (Dosage form development, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics)
Theory 4 hrs/week
Preformulation : (20)
Study of physical properties of drug like physical form, particle size, shape, density, wetting, dielectric constant, solubility, dissolution & organoleptic property and their effect on formulation, stability and bioavailability
Study of chemical properties of drugs like hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, racemization, polymerization etc. and their influence on formulation and stability of products
Biopharmaceutics : (30)
Introduction to biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics and their role in formulation development and clinical setting.
Passage of drugs across biological barrier (passive diffusion, active transport, facilitated diffusion & pinocytosis
Factors influencing absorption: Physicochemical, physiological and pharmaceutical.
Pharmacokinetics: (30)
Significance of plasma drug concentration measurement
Compartment model: Definition & scope
Pharmacokinetic and drug absorption: zero order and first order absorption rate constant using Wagner Nelson and LOO Riegelman method
Volume of distribution and distribution coefficient
Compartment kinetics: One compartment and two compartments models, Determination of pharmacokinetic parameters from plasma and urine data after drug administration by intravascular and oral route.
Clearance concept: mechanism of renal clearance, clearance ration, determination of renal clearance.
Non‐linear pharmacokinetics with special reference to one compartment model after I.V.drug administration, Michales Menton equation, detection of non linearity (saturation mechanism)
Bioavailability & Bioequivalence:. (20)
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Measurement of bioavailability, Cmax, Tmax, and area under curve(AUC)
Design of single dose bioequivalence study and relevant statistics
Regulatory requirements for conduction of bioequivalent studies
In vitro dissolution studies: Methods, interpretation of data.
IVIVC
PRACTICALS 3 hrs/week
Evaluation of different excipients and their effect on formulation of’pharmaceuticals, like:
Suspending agents
Emulsifying agents
Diluents
Binders
Lubricants
Disintegrating agents
Preformulation studies including drug excipient compatibility studies.
Stability evaluation of various dosage forms and their expiration dating
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1.Text Book Of Biopharmaceutics And Pharmacokinetics”, Hiremath Shobha Rani R., Prism Books Publication (E)
2.“Pharmaceutics The Science Of Dosage From Design”, Aulton Michael E., Elbs Publication (E)
3.“Applied Biopharmacuetics And Pharmacokinetics”, Leon Shargel, Mc Graw‐Hill Publication (E)
4.“Bioavailability And Bioequivalence In Pharmaceutical Technology”, Tapan Kumar, Cbs Publication. (Sg)
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www.Pharmainfo.Net
5.“Biopharmaceutics And Clinical Pharmacokinetics : An Introduction”, Notari Robert E., Marcel Dekker Publication (Sg)
5.“Clinical Pharmacokinetics : Concepts And Applications”, Rowland Malcolm, B I Waverly Publication (Sp)
6.“Manual Of Laboratory Pharmacokinetics”, Curry Stephen H., John Wiley Publication (Sp)
7.“Pharmacokinetic Principles Of Dosing Of Dosing Adjustments”, Schoenwald Ronald D, Technomic Publishing (Sp)
8.“Ansels Pharmacuetical Dosage Forms And Drugs Delivery System”, Loyd V Allen, B I Publication (Sg)
9.“The Drug Development Process Vol‐76”, Welling Peter G, Marcel Dekker Publication (Sp)
10.“Drug Stability : Principles And Practices”, Carstensen Jens T., Marcel Dekker Publication (Sg)
11.“Handbook Of Pharmacuetical Excipients”, Raymound C Rowe, American Pharmaceutical Association (Sg)
12.“Modern Pharmacuetical Vol‐121”, Gilbert S Banker, Marcel Dekker Publication (Sg)
B75 Pharmaceutical Technology
Challenges, excepients, manufacturing technology, automation, packaging ,evaluation and stability studies of:
Tablets (20)
Capsules‐‐Hard Gelatin capsules, Soft gelatin capsules, Microcapsules. (15)
Liquids (15)
Sterile Preparations (15)
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Semisolids: Ointments,Creams,Gels, Pastes, Suppositories. (10)
Aerosols (10)
Radiopharmaceuticals: Preparation of radioisotops, Applications in pharmaceuticals (05)
Cosmetics (05)
PRCTICALS
Design, development and evaluation of controlled release dosage forms.
Experiments to illustrate Preparation, Physical & Chemical evaluation of Tablets.
Experiments to illustrate Preparation, Physical & Chemical evaluation of Capsules and microcapsules
Preparation, evaluation and packing of solution, suspensions and emulsions
Preparation, evaluation and packing of aerosols
Evaluation of materials used in pharmaceutical packaging
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
“The Theory And Practice Of Industrial Pharmacy”, Lachman Leon, Varghese Publication (E)
“Cosmetics : Science And Technology Vol‐1,2,3”, Balsam M.S., Krieger Publication (E)
“Drug Formulations Manual”, Kohli D.P.S, Eastern Publication (Sg)
“Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms : Parenteral Medications Vol‐1,2 & 3”, Avis Kenneth E. Ed., Marcel Dekker Publication (Sg)
“Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms : Disperse Systems Vol‐1,2 & 3”, Lieberman Herbert A., Marcel Dekker Publication (Sg)
“Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms : Tablets Vol‐1”, Lieberman Herbert A., Marcel Dekker Publication (Sg)
“Aerosol Science And Technology”, Reist Parker C., Technomic Publishing (Sg)
“Enclyclopedia Of Pharmaceutical Technology Vol 1‐22”, Swarbrick James, Marcel Dekker Publication
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
(Sp)
“Pharmaceutical Dissolution Testing Vol‐49”, Banakar Umesh V., Marcel Dekker Publication (Sp)
“Process Instrumentation Dynamics And Control For Chemical Engineers : Computer Control, Solution, Of Gate Problems With A P.C. Disk”, Chaudhuri Ray, Asian Book Pvt.Ltd. (Sp)
“Sterile Dosage Forms ‐ Their Preparation And Clinical Application”, Turco Salvatore J, Lea And Febiger Publication
(Sp)
B76 Hospital Pharmacy
Introduction: primary, secondary and tertiary care, pharmacy practice, institutional, hospital, ward, clinical, community pharmacy, patient confidentiality, patient compliance, counseling, informed consent, pharmaceutical care and planning (10)
Hospital pharmacy and management: Organization and structure, basic hospital pharmacy services, specialized services like DIC, patient participation in decision‐making regarding therapy, factors affecting patients, decision (20)
Professional responsibilities: Pharmacists as practitioners, responsibilities of pharmacy practitioners‐ comparison between developed countries and India, relationship with other health care professionals, ethics of practice (20)
Medication‐ errors, ADR and prescription event monitoring: Medication errors, types and sources, methods to study medication errors, ADR‐ definition, role of pharmacist in ADR, WHO ADR reporting programme in India
(20)
Community Pharmacy: Organization, administration, supply and control, stock control, suppliers, price and purchase control, receipt and return of goods, legislations. (20)
Skills: Communication, counseling, reading, writing, thinking, factors affecting development of these skills
(10)
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
“A Textbook Of Hospital Pharmacy”, Goyal R. K., Vallabh Prakashan (E)
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www.Pharmainfo.Net
“A Textbook Of Hospital Pharmacy”, Goyal R.K., B S Shah Prakashan (E)
“Hospital Pharmacy”, Hassan William E., Lea And Febiger Publication (Sg)
“Textbook Of Hospital Pharmacy”, Allwood M.C., Blackwell Scientific Publication (Sp)
B77 Elective
Theory 3 hrs/week
Stability studies of pharmaceuticals
Packaging Technology
Cosmeticology
Preclinical Toxicology
Clinical Research
Molecular Pharmacology
Preclinical Pharmacokinetic Studies
Entrepreneurship in Pharmacy
HPLC methods
HPTLC methods
U. V. Spectrophotometry
Synthesis of Newer Anti‐tubercular agents
Synthesis of Newer Fluoroquinolones
Synthesis of Newer Anti‐cancer agents
Standardization and Quality control of Herbal drugs and formulation.
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Different methods for standardization of
Individual alkaloid
Individual Terpenoids
Individual Glycoside
Preparation of monograph of Herbal plants of the syllabus as per Herbal Pharmacopoeia and Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia.
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SEMESTER‐VIII
B81 Pharmaceutical Analysis‐III 3 3 100 100
B82 Pharmaceutical Chemistry‐IX (Medicinal Chemistry‐III)
3 3 100 100
B83 Pharmacognosy‐VI 3 3 100 100
B84 Clinical pharmacy‐II 4 2 100 100
B85 Pharmaceutics VIII (Drug Delivery Systems)
3 3 100 ‐‐
B86 Pharmaceutical Industrial Management 3 ‐ 100 ‐‐
B87 Project related to elective ‐ 3 ‐‐ 100
1100
B81 Pharmaceutical Analysis‐III 3 hrs/wk
Quality assurance:
CGMP, GLP, ISO 9000,TQM, Quality Review and Quality Documentation. Regulatory control, regulatory drug analysis, interpretation of analytical data.
Validation, quality audit: quality of equipment, validation of equipment, validation of analytical procedures. USP parameters for method validation, ICH guidelines for method validation.
Spectrophotometric Techniques:
Spectrophotometric Techniques: The theoretical aspects, basic instrumentation,
elements of interpretation of spectra, and applications of the following analytical
techniques should be discussed:
Ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry.
SpectroFluorimetry, Introduction to Flourescence microscopy, Flow cytometry
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Infrared spectrophotometry.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy including 13C NMR.
Mass spectrometry.
Flame photometry.
Emission Spectroscopy.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy.
Chromatography:
Chromatography:Introduction and general principles,theory of following
techniques:
HPLC,HPTLC,GC,Paper chromatography, Column
chromatography, Introduction and basic principle of
hyphenated techniques like LC‐MS, GC‐MS, GC‐MS‐MS
Practicals 3 hrs/wk
To study the standards of tablets as per IP 96
Sums related to standards of tablets.
To perform weight variation tests as well as content of active ingredient test of given
sample of the mefanamic acid tablet.
Monograph of aspirin as per IP 96.
To Perform assay of calcium gluconate in given sample of calcium glucanate injection as per IP 96.
To determine the hardness of water.
To perform test of active ingredient and test for 4‐aminophenol for the given tablet of paracetamol as per IP 96.
To Perform content of active ingredient test and weight variation for tablet of Metformin HCl IP 96
To Perform content of active ingredient test for given amiloride HCl tablets as per
IP 96.
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To perform weight variation test and content of active ingredient test for given chloramphenicol capsule as per IP 96.
To perform content of active ingredient test for Co‐trimoxazole tablet as per IP 96.(Sulphamethoxazole – nitrite titration.)
To find out concentration of Potassium and Sodium using Flame photometer.
To determine % of sulphamethoxazole from given sample by Bratton marshal reagent.
To demonstrate HPLC as analytical tool.
To demonstrate HPTLC as analytical technique.
To determine dissociation constant (pKa) of indicator by using UV‐visible spectrophotometer.
Books Recommended
Principles Of Instrumental Analysis – Skoog, Leary, 4th Ed., Saunders College Publishing.
Spectrometric Identification Of Organic Compounds – Silverstein, Bassler, Morrill, 5th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Understanding ISO 9000 And Implementing The Basics To Quality – D. H. Stamatis, Marcel Dekker, Inc.
Guidelines For Laboratory Quality Auditing – Donald C. Singer, Ronald P. Upton, Marcel Dekker, Inc.
Good Manufacturing Practices For Pharmaceuticals: A Plan For Total Quality Control – Sidney H. Willing, James R. Stoker, Marcel Dekker, Inc.
O.P.P.I. Manual.
Pharmaceutical Analysis : Modern Methods, James W. Munson, Marcel Dekker, Inc.
Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry – I & II, A. H. Beckett And J. B. Stenlake, 4th Ed. CBS Publishers.
Indian Pharmacopoeia.
British Pharmacopoeia.
United States Pharmacopoeia.
B82 Pharmaceutical Chemistry IX (Medicinal chemistry III)
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Theory 3 hrs / week
Principles of Drug Design (Theoretical Aspects): Traditional analog (QSAR) and mechanism based approaches (Introduction to graph theory, applications of quantum mechanics, Computer Aided Drug Designing (CADD) and molecular modeling.
Drugs acting on central nervous system
Synthetic procedures of selected drugs, mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship including Physico‐Chemical properties of the following classes of drugs: Drugs acting on central nervous system: general anesthetics, local anesthetics, hypnotics and sedatives, opioid analgesics, antitussives and anti convulsants, anti parkinsonism drugs, CNS stimulants, Psychopharmacological agents (neuroleptics, antidepressants, anxiolytics)
Drugs acting on Autonomic Nervous System
Synthetic procedures of selected drugs, mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship including Physico‐Chemical properties of the following classes of drugs: Drugs acting on Autonomic Nervous System (Drugs acting at Synaptic and neuro‐effector junction sites, Cholinergics and Anticholinesterases, Adrenergic Drugs, Antispasmodic and Anti‐ulcer drugs, Neuromuscular blocking agents).
Biochemical approaches in drug designing wherever applicable should be discussed.
Practicals 3 hrs/wk
To separate and identify the given organic binary mixture.(Eight exercises)
To synthesize N‐phenyl anthranilic acid from o‐chlorobenzoic acid
To study reaction monitoring by TLC for reaction involving synthesis of acetanilide and p‐bromoacetanilide.
To Synthesis of 5, 5‐diphenyl hydantoin from benzil.
To synthesize barbituric acid from ethyl acetoacetate and urea.
To synthesize quinoline from aniline and pyruvic acid.
To synthesize phenacetin from paracetamol and ethyl iodide.
To synthesize phenothiazine from diphenyl amine.
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To synthesize acridine from o‐chloro benzoic acid.
Books Recommended
J.N. Delagado And W.A.R. Remers, Eds, Wilson And Giswold’s Textbook Of Organic, Medicinal And Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J. Lipponcott Co., Philadelphia.
W.C. Foye, Principles Of Medicinal Chemistry, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
H. E. Wolff, Ed., Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Daniel Lednicer, Strategies For Organic Drug Synthesis & Design, John Wiley & Sons, USA.
B. N. Ladu, H.G. Mandel & E.L.Way, Fundamentals Of Drug Metabolism & Disposition, William & Wilkins Co., Baltimore.
I.L. Finar , Organic Chemistry, Vol. I & II, ELBS/Longman, London.
Popst And Perrum, Compouter Aided Drug Design, Academic Press, New York.
C. Hansch, Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. IV, Quantitative Drug Design, Purgamon Press, Oxford.
Jurs, P. C. Computer Software Application In Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Martin, Y. C. Quantitative Drug Design‐ A Critical Introduction (Medicinal Research Monograph, Vol. 8) Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.
Exploring QSAR Vol. 1 & Vol 2, Hansch And Leo, ACS Book Catalog.
T. Nogradey, Medicinal Chemistry‐ A Biochemical Approach, Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
Vogel’s Text Book Of Practical Organic Chemistry, , ELBS/Longman, London.
Mann & Saunder, Practical Organic Chemistry, Orient Longman, UK.
Shriner, Hermann, Morrill, Curtin & Fuson, The Systematic Identification Of Organic Compound, John Wiley & Sons, USA.
R. M. Silverstein, G. Claytron Bassel’s, T.C. Movvill, Spectrometric Identification Of Organic Compounds, John Wiely & Sons, USA
William Kemp, Organic Spectroscopy, ELBS, London.
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B83 Pharmacognosy – VI (Advanced Pharmacognosy)
Theory 3 hrs/week
The holistic concept of drug administration in traditional systems of medicine.
Introduction to Ayurvedic preparation like Arishtas, Asavas, Gutikas, Tailas, Churna, Lehya & Bhasma.
Historical development of plant tissue culture, types of cultures, nutritional requirements, growth and their maintenance. Applications of plant tissue culture in pharmacy.
Chemotaxonomy of medicinal plants.
Marine Pharmacognosy, novel medicinal agents from marine sources.
Natural allergens and photosensitizing agents and fungal toxins.
Utilization of aromatic plants and derived products with special reference to sandal wood oil, menthe oil, lemongrass oil, vetiver oil, geranium oil and eucalyptus oil.
Introduction of different chrommatography methods and their application in the evaluation of herbal drugs.
Role of medicinal and aromatic plants in national economy
Standardization of crude drugs and their herbal formulations
Practicals 4 hrs/week
Introduction to Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia & Ayurvedic Formulary of India.
Preparation of churnas.
Preparation of herbal cough syrup
Standardization of herbal cough syrup
Preparation of herbal cold cream
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Preparation of herbal tooth paste
Preparation of herbal face wash.
Preparation of herbal analgesic ointment
Preparation of vatika/ gutika
Preparation of herbal shampoo.
Determination of Physical parameters.
Determination of chemical parameters.
Preparation and standardization of crude extract.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
Prakash M.,Cell And Tissue Culture, Anmol Publications
Lissa Rotundo, Health Biology, D C Health And Company Toronto
Chaudhri R.D. Ed., Herbal Drugs Industry, Eastern Publishers
Kalia A.N., Textbook Of Industrial Pharmacognosy, Cbs Publication
Kumar U., Methods In Plant Tissue Culture, Agro Botanica Publication
Narayanaswamy S, Plant Cell And Tissue Culture, Tata Mcgraw‐Hill Publication
Gamborg Ol, Plant Cell Tissue And Organ Culture :Fundamental Method, Narosa Publishing House
Pharmacognosy : Phytochemistry Medicinal Plants, Bruneton Jean
Herbal Drug Technology, Paridhavi
Medicinal Natural Products, Paul And Devick
Experimental Pharmacognosy, By Tyler And Schwarting
Practical Evaluation Of Phytopharmaceutical By Brain And Turner
Plant Cell And Tissue Culture And Bio‐Technology By Siddhiverasan
Purohit, Plantcell And Tissue Culture,
Herbal Pharmacopoeia 1‐2
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Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia 1‐4
Wiliamson Elizabeth M. Ed., Major Herbs Of Ayurveda, Churchill Livingstone Publication
Edwin And Edwin, Textbook Of Pharmacognosy And Phytochemistry, Cbs Publication.
Anasari, Essential Of Pharmacognosy, Birla Publication, Textbook Of Natural Products, Latest Edition.
Rangari & Rangari, Text Book Of Pharmacognosy
Herbal Option
The Wealth Of India ‐ First Supplement Series ( Row Materials ) Vol‐ 1to 10
Who Monographs On Selected Medicinal Plants Vol‐1‐2
Quality Control Of Herbal Drugs : An Approach To Evaluation Of Botanicals, Mukherjee Pulok
Quality Control Of Indian Medicinal Plant By Icmr
Ayurvedic Formulary Of India, Govt. Of India
B84 Clinical Pharmacy – II
Theory 4 hrs/week
Important disorders of organ systems and their management :
Cardiovascular disorders:
Hypertension (classification of hypertension, empirical t/t) Congestive Heart failure, Angina, Acute Myocardial Infarction, Cardiac arrhythmias
CNS Disorders:
Concepts of psychological & neurological illnesses, Epilepsy (classification of epilepsy based on clinical pattern, EEG, origin, tretment of Status Epilepticus), Parkinsonism (Scales for diagnosis, Cardinal features, pathology, oxidative mechanism of PD, use of stimulators), Schizophrenia (), Depression (Hamilton’s scale, types, t/t of different depression)
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Respiratory Disease:
Asthma (Classification, diagnosis, use of metered dose inhalers, treatment of Status Asthmaticus)
Gastrointestinal Disorders:
Peptic ulcer Disease, Ulcerative colitis, Hepatitis, cirrhosis (Diagnosis & clinical features of these disease, Anti Hepatitis vaccines, Alcoholic cirrhosis & treatment)
Hemopoietic Disorders:
Anemia (types of anaemia, clinical features & diagnosis & treatment)
Endocrine Disorders :
Disorders of Pituitary, Adrenal, Thyroid, Parathyroid glands (Hypofunction, Hyperfunction & autoimmune disorders of these glands, diagnostic tests, clinical features)
Infectious diseases:
Tuberculosis (types of T. B,diagnostic tests, Anti TB regimen)
Urinary tract disease/infection:
Renal failure: ARF, CRF, types of dialysis, concepts of CAPD & UTI (pathogens, Collection of Midstream urine, urine analysis)
Enteric Infections:
Typhoid, Diarrhea, dyssentry, food poisoning (clinical features & treatment)
Upper respiratory infections :
Bronchitis, pharingitis, tonsillitis, common cold (pathogens causing these diseases, clinical features & t/t)
Joint and Connective Tissue Disorders: Rheumatic Diseases, Gout and Hyperuricemia.()
Neoplasic Disorders:
Acute Leukaemias, Hodgkin!s Disease and carcinoma of Breast (clinical features, classification, t/t schedules, newer disease modifiying agents)
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Practical 3 hrs/week
Formulation audit (three exercises)
Case studies involving TDM (two exercises)
Case studies involving D/I (two exercises)
Case studies involving ADR (two exercises)
Case studies involving patient Counselling
Case studies involving Data interpretations (two exercises)
Case studies involving Data interpretations & drugs (four exercises)
Books Recommended:
A Handbook Of Experiments In Pre‐Clinical Pharmacology By Kasture
A Text Book Of Clinical Pharmacyp Ractice:Essential Concepts And Skills By Parthasarthi
Basic Principles Of Clinical Research And Methodology By Gupta SK
Clinical Pharmacy And Therapeutics By Herfindal
Clinical Pharmacy And Therapeutics By Roger Walker
Clinical Pharmacology By Bennet
Clinical Pharmacology By Laurence
Handbook Of Clinical Pharmacy By Yadav A.V
Meylers Side Effects Of Drugs VOL 1 – 6 By Aronson J.K
Textbook Of Biopharmaceutics And Clinical Pharmacokinetics By Keane Bil
Aids To Clinical Pharmacology And Therapeutics By Rees John
Applied Therapeutics:The Clinical Use Of Drugs By Koch And Kimble
Basic And Clinical Pharmacology By Katzung
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Basic And Clinical Pharmacology Made Memorable By Luty Jason
Clinical Interpretation Of Laboratory Test By Widmann Frances
Clinical Pharmacokinetics : Concepts And Application By Rowland Macolm
CLINICAL PHARMACY By Tipnis
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY By Marsha Ford
Contemporary Perspectives On Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics By Kamlesh Kohli
Element Of Clinical Pharmacy By R K Goyal
Encyclopedia Of Clinical Pharmacy By Dipiro Joseph
Mcqs IN CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY By Mant Timothy
Modern Pharmacology With Clinical Applications By Craig Charles
Oxford Text Book Of Clinical Pharmacology And Drug Therapy By Grathame Smith
Principles Of Clinical Pharmacology By Atkinson Arthur
Selected Topics In Clinical Pharmacology By Kshirsagar
B85 Pharmaceutics – VIII (Drug Delivery Systems)
Theory 3 hrs/week
Principles, Formulation approaches and Evaluation methods in brief of:
Controlled release dosage forms (60)
New Drug Delivery Systems: Oral DDS, Osmotic DDS, Transdermal DDS, Ocular DDS, (40)
Pulmonary DDS, Buccal DDS., Targeted DDS.
PRACTICALS 4 hrs/week
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Comparative study of dissolution properties of different oral modified release dosage forms using F2 value.(market brands)
Study of importance of various dissolution variables.
Preparation and evaluation of
Sodium alginate beads
Microspheres
Buccal patch
Buccal film
Preparation and evaluation of fast release products.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
“ Modern Pharmacuetical Vol‐121”, Gilbert S Banker, Marcel Dekker Publication (E)
“Pharmaceutics The Science Of Dosage From Design”, Aulton Michael E., Elbs Publication (E)
“The Theory And Practice Of Industrial Pharmacy”, Lachman Leon, Varghese Publication (E)
“Ansels Pharmacuetical Dosage Forms And Drugs Delivery System”, Loyd V Allen, B I Publication (E)
“Enclyclopedia Of Pharmaceutical Technology Vol 1‐22”, Swarbrick James, Marcel Dekker Publication(Sg)
“Controlled And Novel Drug Delivery”, Jain N.K., Cbs Publication (Sg)
“Progress In Controlled And Novel Drug Delivery Systems”, Jain N.K. Ed., Cbs Publication (Sp)
“Advances In Controlled And Novel Drug Delivery”, Jain N.K., Cbs Publication (Sp)
“Controlled Drug Delivery Vol‐29”, Robinson Joseph R., Marcel Dekker Publication (Sp)
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B86 Pharmaceutical Industrial Management
Concept of management:
Administrative management (planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling), entrepreneurship, development, operative management (personnel, Materials production, financial marketing, time/space margin/ morale). Principles of management (co‐ordination, communication, motivation, decision‐making, leadership, innovation, creativity, delegation of authority/responsibility, record keeping), identification of key points to give maximum thrust for development and perfection, total quality management(TQM).
Accountancy:
Principles of accountancy, ledger posting and book entries, preparation of trial balance, columns of a cash book, bank reconciliation statement, rectification of errors, profits and loss account, balance sheet, purchase, keeping and pricing of stocks, treatment of cheques, bills of exchange, promissory notes and hundies documentary bills.
Pharmacoeconomics:
Principles of economics with special reference to the laws of demand and supply, demand schedule, demand curves, labor welfare, general principles of insurance and inland and foreign trade, procedure of exporting and importing goods.
Pharmaceutical marketing:
Functions of buying, selling, transportation, storage, finance, feedback, information, channels of distribution, wholesale, retail sale, departmental store, multiple shop and mail order business.
Salesmanship:
Principles of sales promotion, advertising, ethics of sales, merchandising, literature, detailing.
Market research:
Recruitment, training, evaluation, compensation to the pharmacist, pre‐requisition, basic information services.
Materials management:
A brief exposure of the basic principles of materials management, purchase, stores and inventory control (eligibility, efficiency, evaluation, recruitment methodology, service conditions, termination performance evaluation etc.)
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Production management:
A brief exposure of the different aspects of production management, a visible and invisible inpits, methodology of activities, performance evaluation technique, process‐flow, process know‐how, maintenance management.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
J.A.Stoner, R.E. Freeman & D.R. Gilbert “Management” Prentice Hall, New Delhi
P. Kotler, “Marketing Management Analysis, Planning, Implementation & Control”, Prentice Hall, Delhi
H.A. Smith, “Principles And Methods Of Pharmacy Management”, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia
P.Gopalkrishan And M. Sundaresan, “Material Managemen: An Integrated Approach”. Prentice Hall, Delhi
C.B. Mannoria, “Personal Management”, Himalaya Publishing House,Bombay
L.Lachman, H. A.Liberman And J.L. Kanic, “Theory And Practice Of Industrial Pharmacy”, Lea & Febiger, U.S.A.
P. Kotler, “Principles Of Marketing”, Prentice Hall, New Delhi.
B87 Project related to Elective Subject
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