uganda presentation.pptx
DESCRIPTION
The document describes the activities of grain amaranth in Kenya. It was presented to university (Addis Ababa and Makerere) staff, government officials from Uganda (Ministry of Agriculture) and an international NGO (Danish Church Aid-Uganda, Ethiopia and South Sudan) and farmers.TRANSCRIPT
Quinoa and Amaranth workshop held at Spekes Commonwealth Hotel, Munyonyo, Uganda
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Improving Productivity of Cropping Systems and Livelihoods with
Amaranth in Eastern Africa: Insights from Kenya
Julius Khaemba Egerton University
Kenya
1/10/2013
Quinoa and Amaranth workshop held at Spekes Commonwealth Hotel, Munyonyo, Uganda
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Introduction
Major problems in the developing world ◦Chronic poverty ◦Food crisis ◦Climate change
Estimate◦25-42% of species habitats could be lost due to
climate change, affecting both food and non-food crops (FAO, 2007).
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Quinoa and Amaranth workshop held at Spekes Commonwealth Hotel, Munyonyo, Uganda
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Responses to climate change ◦Mitigation, that reduces emissions or increases
capture of greenhouse gases◦Adaptation, that aids in adjustments in structures,
practices, or processes responding to CCGHG –CO2, CH4 & NO2 - Global warming
◦Livestock manure, nitrogenous fertilizers and irrigated paddy
GHG emissions Affect Hydrological cycle◦changing precipitation patterns, intensity and
extremes; widespread melting of snow and ice; increasing atmospheric water vapour; increasing evaporation; and changes in soil moisture and runoff
Rainfed agriculture affected1/10/2013
Quinoa and Amaranth workshop held at Spekes Commonwealth Hotel, Munyonyo, Uganda
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Small-scale oriented High potential areasAverage area 0.2–3 ha
◦Accounts for 75% of the total agric o/put◦70 % of marketed agricultural produce. ◦> 70% of maize◦65% of coffee◦50% of tea◦80% of milk◦85% of fish◦ 70% of beef and related products
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Quinoa and Amaranth workshop held at Spekes Commonwealth Hotel, Munyonyo, Uganda
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State of Agriculture in Kenya
Agriculture◦Contributes directly 26% of GDP◦Contributes indirectly 25% of GDP◦Accounts for 65% of Kenya’s total exports◦provides > 18% of formal employment
>70% of informal employment being found in the rural areas
80% Kenya’s population is rural based
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Quinoa and Amaranth workshop held at Spekes Commonwealth Hotel, Munyonyo, Uganda
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State of Agriculture in Kenya (Cont’d)80% of the country is ASAL with annual rainfall
averaging 400mmDroughts are frequent and crop failures are
quite common occurring one out of three seasons.
Farmers grow crops that are not suitable for this rainfall regime and soils
Sessional Paper No.10 of 1965: African Socialism and its application to Planning in Kenya
Vision 2030 of June 2010: make the country a globally competitive and prosperous with a high quality life: 3 pillars: economic, social and political
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Quinoa and Amaranth workshop held at Spekes Commonwealth Hotel, Munyonyo, Uganda
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Adaptation to Climate ChangeEvidence of CC:
◦frequent occurrence of droughts, ◦Unpredictable & torrential rains,◦ increases in infectious and vector borne diseases
Development of mechanisms that enable them cope with the changes (Khanal, 2009)
Grain amaranth (A. hypochondriacus, A. cruentus, A . caudatus and A. edulis)
High protein, carbohydrates, lipids, fibre, vitamins and minerals (Gupta and Gudu, 1991; Wekesa, 2010).
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Quinoa and Amaranth workshop held at Spekes Commonwealth Hotel, Munyonyo, Uganda
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Adaptation to Climate ChangeVegetable species :
◦ A. tricolor, ◦A. dubius, ◦A. lividus, ◦A. palmeri ◦ A. hybrids
Grain species:◦ A. hypochondriacus◦ A. cruentus◦ A. edulis◦ A. caudatus (O’Brien and Price, 1983; Gupta
and Dudu, 1991, Railey, 1993). 1/10/2013
Quinoa and Amaranth workshop held at Spekes Commonwealth Hotel, Munyonyo, Uganda
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Adaptation to Climate ChangeGrain Amaranth:
◦Drought tolerance◦Has C4 photosynthetic pathway which is
efficient in utilization of sunlight and nutrients under dry, high temperature conditions
◦Has deep and extensive root system◦Has ability to go dormant under extreme
drought conditions (O’Brien and Price, 1983)◦Capable of shutting down transpiration thro’
wilting, then recovering easily when moisture is available (Myers, 1996).
1/10/2013
Quinoa and Amaranth workshop held at Spekes Commonwealth Hotel, Munyonyo, Uganda
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Developing and Implementing Land-Use Masterplan
31% of land in high- and medium-rainfall areas under crop production—representing only 5 % of the total land in the country.
Smallholder farmers use an average of 60 % of their cropland for agricultural production
General incongruent land use patterns with the specific ecological zones
Poor land-use practices that have led to accelerated land degradation
Land masterplan in line with Vision 2030
1/10/2013
Quinoa and Amaranth workshop held at Spekes Commonwealth Hotel, Munyonyo, Uganda
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Grain Amaranth Research in Kenya
Introduced in Kenya in 1983 by Gupta of University of Nairobi
Proved ideal crop for marginal areasPerformed well even in saline soils and
yielded about 2 tons/ ha (Gupta and Gudu, 1991)
Some interspecific crosses and their offspring were sterile-A. hypochondriacus X A . Cruentus
A. hypochondriacus X A. caudatus performed well
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Quinoa and Amaranth workshop held at Spekes Commonwealth Hotel, Munyonyo, Uganda
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Grain Amaranth Research in Kenya
Average acreage under the crop in Kisumu- 0.59 & some parts 0.91 and 0.38 acres
grain yield- 1 t/ha cf to 2.5 t/ha under ferts
why farmers grow the crop◦Food or income◦It is easy to grow◦Matures fast◦Source of employment◦Medicinal values
1/10/2013
Quinoa and Amaranth workshop held at Spekes Commonwealth Hotel, Munyonyo, Uganda
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Grain Amaranth Research in KenyaConstraints to crop’s production
◦Unreliable rainfall◦Lack of awareness on crop husbandry and
utilization◦Lack of seed◦Lack of market◦Competition with other cereals◦Inadequate capital◦Pests and diseases
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Quinoa and Amaranth workshop held at Spekes Commonwealth Hotel, Munyonyo, Uganda
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Grain Amaranth Research in Kenya
Grain yields of 2.1 and 1.94 t/ha in 2008 and 2009 at N rates of 100kgN/ha (Wekesa 2010)
Intercropping with beans yields 64% more compared to maize/grain intercrop
1/10/2013
Quinoa and Amaranth workshop held at Spekes Commonwealth Hotel, Munyonyo, Uganda
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Amaranth Growing Under Farmers’ Conditions
Crop gazetted by gov via legal notice No. 287 of 19/7/91 in 1991
Poverty eradication Commission set aside Ksh 87 million(about US$ 1 million at today’s exchange rate)
Crop promotion : MoA, NGOs & churchesAbility to boost the CD4 cells in HIV/AIDS
patients and also help them cope with the side effects of ARVs
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Amaranth Growing Under Farmers’ Conditions
Western Kenya: grown in Lugari, Teso, Kisumu, Bondo and Rongo districts
Coast KenyaCentral Kenya NALEP assisted Lugari farmers to form CIG,
later to Lugari Amaranth Grain Association (302 members)
Association purchased a Ksh.4.3million (about US$ 50,000) equipment Via Western Kenya Community Driven Development and Flood Mitigation Project but has not installed it.
1/10/2013
Quinoa and Amaranth workshop held at Spekes Commonwealth Hotel, Munyonyo, Uganda
Quinoa and Amaranth workshop held at Spekes Commonwealth Hotel, Munyonyo, Uganda
171/10/2013
Gross Margin Analysis of Amaranth in Kenya
Quinoa and Amaranth workshop held at Spekes Commonwealth Hotel, Munyonyo, Uganda
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Companies Involved in Amaranth Industry
Amaranth International Ltd-local and export market
Incas Health International Ltd African Amarantha LtdAmaranth Grain LtdAll Grain Company Kenya LtdMAP International
1/10/2013
Quinoa and Amaranth workshop held at Spekes Commonwealth Hotel, Munyonyo, Uganda
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Other Industrial UsesAmaranth has lipid compounds with a high degree of unsaturation
Cosmetic and personal care products
Collaborative research of Kenyan university students and other from Australia and USA
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Quinoa and Amaranth workshop held at Spekes Commonwealth Hotel, Munyonyo, Uganda
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Amaranth StakeholdersMinistry of Agriculture (MoA)Kenya Agricultural Research Institute
(KARI)Export Promotion Council (EPC)Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service
(KEPHIS)Pest Control Products Board (PCPB)Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS)Kenya Industry Research and
Development Institute (KIRDI)
1/10/2013
Quinoa and Amaranth workshop held at Spekes Commonwealth Hotel, Munyonyo, Uganda
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Amaranth StakeholdersUniversities and Colleges of AgricultureMinistry of Health (MoH)Ministry Environment and Natural
ResourcesMinistry of Water and IrrigationMinistry of Roads and Public Works
(MoR&PW)Local Authorities (City, Municipal, Town,
Urban and County Councils)
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Quinoa and Amaranth workshop held at Spekes Commonwealth Hotel, Munyonyo, Uganda
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Regional CooperationDr David Mwangi of Kenya introduced the
crop to Uganda through Pastor Samwel Waiswa with support from American fiend Richard Dugger
Feed broilers to market weight in 7 weeks where they attained 2.5 kg with no fat.
Used to feed dairy cows, layer chicken, goat and rabbits based
1/10/2013
Quinoa and Amaranth workshop held at Spekes Commonwealth Hotel, Munyonyo, Uganda
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Acknowledgements
1/10/2013
The EndThank you
Ahsante SanaWebale