ucsd physics 12 energy supply and consumption overview sources and uses
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UCSD Physics 12
Energy Supply and Consumption OverviewEnergy Supply and Consumption Overview
Sources and UsesSources and Uses
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UCSD Physics 12
Spring 2013 2
The Global Energy SceneThe Global Energy Scene
• Global energy production is about 480 QBtu/yrGlobal energy production is about 480 QBtu/yr– a QBtu is a quadrillion Btu, or 1015 Btu
– so about 51020 J per year (1 Btu is 1055 J)
• U.S. share is about one fifth of this (10U.S. share is about one fifth of this (102020 J) J)– 1996 value in book (1st edition) is 93 QBtu/year
– 2003 value in second edition is 98.3 QBtu/year
– 2011 number from E.I.A. is 97.3 Qbtu/year (recession)
• 10102020 J/yr = 3 J/yr = 310101212 W W– divided by 300 million people (3108) = 104 W per
person (10 kW)
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UCSD Physics 12
Spring 2013 3
Reminder: how do we stack up?Reminder: how do we stack up?
world average = 10 bbl/yr
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UCSD Physics 12
Spring 2013 4
• More Countries
• Logarithmic scale
• Fills in the gaps
• 1971 data
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UCSD Physics 12
Spring 2013 5
The Fall of the Work AnimalThe Fall of the Work Animal
• Used to rely completely on Used to rely completely on animals for transportationanimals for transportation
• Trains entered the picture in Trains entered the picture in the mid-1800sthe mid-1800s
• Cars entered the scene in a Cars entered the scene in a big way around 1920big way around 1920
• World has never been the World has never been the samesame
• Work animal fell off the map Work animal fell off the map around 1940around 1940
• Today automotive is over Today automotive is over 95% of the story95% of the story
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UCSD Physics 12Global Amounts and trendsGlobal Amounts and trends
• Doubled energy use in 36 years: 2% growthDoubled energy use in 36 years: 2% growth– Mtoe is million tons oil equivalent: 1 toe is 39.7 MBtu
• Fraction in fossil fuels went from 87% to 81%Fraction in fossil fuels went from 87% to 81%– still a fossil-dominated world: renewables are tiny
Spring 2013 6graphic from IEA: Key World Energy Statistics
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UCSD Physics 12
Spring 2013 7
Evolution of Energy SourcesEvolution of Energy Sources
2.7% growth line in red
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UCSD Physics 12
Spring 2013 8
U.S. Consumption in 2003U.S. Consumption in 2003
SourceSource AmountAmount QBtuQBtu PercentPercent 10101818 Joules Joules
CoalCoal 1.081.08101099 tons tons 22.622.6 23%23% 23.823.8
Natural GasNatural Gas 21.821.810101212 ft ft33 22.522.5 22.9%22.9% 23.723.7
PetroleumPetroleum 6.726.72101099 bbl bbl 39.139.1 39.8%39.8% 41.341.3
NuclearNuclear 757757101099 kWh kWh 7.977.97 8.1%8.1% 8.48.4
RenewablesRenewables 578578101099 kWh kWh 6.156.15 6.3%6.3% 6.56.5
TotalTotal 98.398.3 100%100% 103.7103.7
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UCSD Physics 12
Spring 2013 9
U.S. Consumption in 2011U.S. Consumption in 2011
SourceSource AmountAmount QBtuQBtu PercentPercent 10101818 Joules Joules
CoalCoal 1.091.09101099 tons tons 22.222.2 23.0%23.0% 23.423.4
Natural GasNatural Gas 23.523.510101212 ft ft33 23.523.5 24.3%24.3% 24.824.8
PetroleumPetroleum 5.95.9101099 bbl bbl 33.533.5 34.6%34.6% 35.335.3
NuclearNuclear 790790101099 kWh kWh 8.268.26 8.5%8.5% 8.78.7
RenewablesRenewables eclectic mixeclectic mix 9.249.24 9.6%9.6% 9.79.7
TotalTotal 96.796.7 100%100% 101.9101.9
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UCSD Physics 12
Spring 2013 10
From Energy Information Agency Annual Energy Review, 2011
compare to Figure 1.5 in book (2003 numbers)
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UCSD Physics 12
• Hydroelectric pretty tapped outHydroelectric pretty tapped out
• Biofuels and wind ascending, now at ~2% and 1%, resp.Biofuels and wind ascending, now at ~2% and 1%, resp.
• ““Other” contains geothermal, solar, and waste reprocessingOther” contains geothermal, solar, and waste reprocessing
• Dominant renewables are old technologyDominant renewables are old technology
Spring 2013 11
(U.S.)
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UCSD Physics 12
Spring 2013 12
U.S. Consumption vs. ProductionU.S. Consumption vs. Production
policy change
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UCSD Physics 12
Spring 2013 13
Where is our energy produced, and of what flavor?Where is our energy produced, and of what flavor?
based on 2003 data
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UCSD Physics 12Energy By Source and Sector, 2011Energy By Source and Sector, 2011
Spring 2013 14source EIA AER 2011, Section 2
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UCSD Physics 12
Interpreting the Spider WebInterpreting the Spider Web
• The stacks themselves are straightforwardThe stacks themselves are straightforward– the left-hand stack you’ve already seen in other forms
• The connecting lines indicate % use of each branchThe connecting lines indicate % use of each branch– for instance, 93% of transportation comes from petroleum, 3%
from natural gas, 4% from renewables
– meanwhile, 71% of energy from petroleum goes to transportation, 23% in industry, 5% directly in homes, 1% for electricity
• Nuclear is Nuclear is all all for electricity, and coal mostly sofor electricity, and coal mostly so– almost half of electricity comes from coal
• Petroleum is primarily for transportationPetroleum is primarily for transportation
• Natural gas is the most versatile, followed by renewablesNatural gas is the most versatile, followed by renewables
Spring 2013 15
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UCSD Physics 12
Spring 2013 16
LessonsLessons
• Our energy production is completely dominated Our energy production is completely dominated by fossil fuels: 81%by fossil fuels: 81%– nuclear and hydroelectric make up much of the balance
• Part of our enormous appetite is due to the Part of our enormous appetite is due to the expanse of our country: transportation is importantexpanse of our country: transportation is important
• Space heating is also an issue in a country where Space heating is also an issue in a country where detached houses are the ruledetached houses are the rule
• Any industrial society (at our current scale) is Any industrial society (at our current scale) is going to have a large demand for energygoing to have a large demand for energy
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UCSD Physics 12
Spring 2013 17
References & AssignmentsReferences & Assignments• Energy Information Agency Annual Energy ReviewEnergy Information Agency Annual Energy Review
– http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/index.cfm • International Energy Agency Key World Energy StatisticsInternational Energy Agency Key World Energy Statistics
– http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/name,31287,en.html
• A recent amazing book:A recent amazing book:– Sustainable Energy—without the hot air, by David MacKay– www.withouthotair.com (get book for free!)– see 10-page synopsis for quick-read/intro
• Another worthy book: Another worthy book: ENERGY: A GuidebookENERGY: A Guidebook, by Janet , by Janet Ramage (more global perspective)Ramage (more global perspective)
• AssignmentsAssignments– Quiz #1 ready on TED, due by 11:59 PM tonight– Read Chapter 2– Homework #2 to be found on the web: get an early start!