1. A Model Environmental SustainabilityVISION221LA Agenda for Los Angeles Next Mayorand City CouncilDECEMBER 2012

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This report is a product of the Emmett Center onClimate Change and the Environment at UCLA Schoolof Law, the Evan Frankel Environmental Law andPolicy Program at UCLA School of Law, and the UCLAInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability.This project was supported by a generous grant fromthe Andrew Sabin Family Foundation.EMMETT CENTER ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND THEENVIRONMENTThe Emmett Center was founded in 2008 as thenations first law school center focused exclusively onclimate change law and policy.www.law.ucla.edu/emmettEVAN FRANKEL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND POLICYPROGRAMThe Evan Frankel Environmental Law and PolicyProgram fosters informed analysis of timely andimportant issues involving governance and regulationin environmental policy.www.law.ucla.edu/environmentINSTITUTE OF THE ENVIRONMENT ANDSUSTAINABILITYThe Institute of the Environment was created in 1997as a campuswide institute for interdisciplinaryresearch and instruction coupled with eight differentenvironmental research centers.www.environment.ucla.eduAll images used in this document are either licensedthrough Microsoft Office or credited to the authors.AUTHORSMark Gold is the Associate Director of the UCLA Institute of the Environment andSustainability.Sean B. Hecht is the Executive Director of the Environmental Law Center and directorof the Evan Frankel Environmental Law and Policy Program at UCLA School of Law.Megan Herzog is an Emmett/Frankel Fellow in Environmental Law and Policy at UCLASchool of Law.Cara Horowitz is the Andrew Sabin Family Foundation Executive Director of theEmmett Center on Climate Change and the Environment at UCLA School of Law.Katie Mika is a recent Ph.D. graduate of the Henry Samueli School of Engineering andApplied Science and researcher at the UCLA Institute of the Environment andSustainability.Stephanie Pincetl is Director of the California Center for Sustainable Communities atthe UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability.Xiao Zhang is a recent J.D. graduate of the UCLA School of Law and researcher at theEmmett Center on Climate Change and the Environment at UCLA School of Law.REVIEWERSThe authors are grateful to numerous reviewers for invaluable support and advice, including: JoelEpstein; Donald Spivack; Elva Yanez (Colibri Strategies Inc.); Bahram Fazeli (Communities for aBetter Environment); Rachel Surls (Cooperative Extension L.A. County); Craig Perkins (The EnergyCoalition); Clifford Gladstein & Erik Neandross (Gladstein, Neandross & Associates); Walker Wells(Global Green); Stephanie Taylor (GreenLA); David Nahai (Lewis, Brisbois, Bisgaard & Smith); GregGood (LAANE); Paula Daniels (L.A. Food Policy Council); Kristen Eberhard, Adrian Martinez, DamonNagami, & David Pettit (NRDC); Dean Kubani & Shannon Parry (City of Santa Monica); David Hertz(Studio of Environmental Architecture); Andy Lipkis (Tree People); Ethan Elkind, Erik Hoek, NuritKatz, Juan Matute, Paul Ong, Suzanne Paulson, & Mike Swords (UCLA); and Ken Button (VerengoSolar). Reviewers did not necessarily review the document in its entirety. Listing as a reviewer doesnot imply that an individual or her organization or affiliates endorses the recommendationscontained in this document. The authors would also like to thank Ellen Isaacs for editing this report.Any errors are our own. 3. TABLE OF CONTENTSIntroduction ............................................................................................................ 2How to Read This Document .................................................................................. 5SUMMARY: Sustainability Goals for Los Angeles to Achieve by 2021 .................... 6SUMMARY: Key Targets to Achieve Sustainability Goals in Los Angeles by 2021 .. 71. Energy & Climate .............................................................................................. 82. Climate Change Preparedness ........................................................................ 153. Green Buildings ............................................................................................... 184. Transportation ................................................................................................ 225. Air Quality ...................................................................................................... 286. Environmental Justice .................................................................................... 337. Waste .............................................................................................................. 378. Water .............................................................................................................. 429. Open Space & Urban Greening ....................................................................... 4910. Green Economy ............................................................................................... 5411. Food System .................................................................................................... 58Next Steps ............................................................................................................. 62Glossary ................................................................................................................. 63References ............................................................................................................ 66VISION221LA 1 4. VISION221LAINTRODUCTIONLos Angeles has taken great strides over the past several decades tobecome a greener and more livable community. Improvements inair quality, public transit, clean energy, solid waste recycling,greenhouse gas emissions, water quality, and in other areas havemeant a better quality of life for many. But there is still atremendous amount of work to be done to transform Los Angelesinto an environmentally sustainable and healthful place to live for allof its residents.Population growth;constrained water supplyresources; persistent air,soil, and water qualityproblems; sea level rise;rising temperatures; anevolving economy; aginginfrastructure; and tighterfederal, state, and localbudgets are all puttingpressure on Americasgreat cities. As the secondlargest metropolis in theUnited States, serviced bythe nations largestmunicipallyowned utility, and with its history of pioneeringinnovative environmental solutions, Los Angeles is uniquelypositioned to emerge over the coming decade as a national and worldmodel of urban sustainability. Los Angeles can confront thesechallenges and serve as a role model, while improving itsneighborhoods and attracting new businesses to remain aprosperous, healthy city.WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY?Sustainability is often described as the product of the triple bottomline the economic, environmental, and social impacts ofdevelopment and decisionmaking. Sustainability is rooted in theconcept that human wellbeing depends on our natural environment.Environmental sustainability acknowledges that natural systems,resource availability, and the generation of externalized goods andharms affect our collective ability to thrive in the future.Sustainable development describes development that optimallymeets the needs of our present generation without compromising theneeds of future generations. In recent decades, sustainability hascome to play a larger role in urban public policy as cities haverecognized that past urban development decisions have resulted inunintended longterm economic, environmental, and social costs.Urban sustainability requires us to think of our city as aninterconnected system and to recognize that our decisions aboutnatural resource use today can impact future generations.1VISION221LA 1 5. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN LOS ANGELESThe City of Los Angeles recognizes its environmental challengesand the opportunities they provide. In response, City agencies,communitybased organizations, research institutions, large andsmall businesses, service providers, and even private citizens haveinitiated plans and programs to surmount the Citys environmentalchallenges and achieve sustainability objectives.Despite producing a variety of highly focused plans and programs,the City has never developed a comprehensive environmentalsustainability plan. Such a plan, like those adopted by othermajor U.S. cities (including New York City, Seattle, Philadelphia,and Portland), lays out a unified vision for achieving acommunitys sustainability goals, accompanied by specific targets,metrics, and timetables for implementing that vision.THIS DOCUMENTIn 2013, Los Angeles will have highly competitive mayoral and citycouncil races, and the environment is sure to be a critical issue forvoters. Recognizing that the next Mayor of Los Angeles will have thepower to shape the Citys environmental future, environmentalfaculty and researchers at the UCLA School of Law and UCLA Instituteof the Environment and Sustainability, with input from localstakeholders and other environmental experts, developed Vision2021 LA: A Model Environmental Sustainability Agenda for LosAngeles Next Mayor and City Council. Vision 2021 LA is anambitious plan that sets realistic sustainability goals that the City canachieve over the next two mayoral terms (eightyears), along with clearly defined target actionsand measurable indicators to gauge the Citysprogress. These actions will set the stage forthe challenging but necessary longtermreconfiguration of Los Angeles as a sustainablecity far into the 21st century.Vision 2021 LA gathers, distills, and expandsupon existing sustainability research andplanning. The result is a unified, clear, andmeasurable sustainability platform ready foradoption by the incoming Administration.Vision 2021 LA sets forth a bold agenda toreduce natural resource consumption throughmaximized efficiency, dramatically movetoward a green infrastructure predominantlyreliant on carbonfree energy and pursue anintegrated approach to increase local watersupplies and reduce water pollution and floodSOME ENVIRONMENTALPLANS AND PROGRAMSFOCUSED ON LOS ANGELES: CLIMATE LA GOOD FOOD FOR ALLAGENDA GREEN LA INTEGRATED RESOURCESPLAN LONG RANGETRANSPORTATION PLAN LOS ANGELES WORLDAIRPORTS SUSTAINABILITYREPORT Million Trees LA RENEW LA SAN PEDRO BAY PORTSCLEAN AIR ACTION PLAN URBAN WATERMANAGEMENT PLAN VISION FOR CLEAN AIR VISION LOS ANGELES WATER QUALITYCOMPLIANCE MASTER PLAN2 December 2012 6. risk. This plan includes actions to mitigate and adapt to climatechange impacts, protect public health from exposure to harmfulcontaminants, move towards zero waste integrated wastemanagement, and expand the access of all Angelenos to socioenvironmentalbenefits like green space and lowemission publictransportation. In short, Vision 2021 LA is a proposal to put LosAngeles on the path to becoming the greenest big city in America.Vision 2021 LA calls upon the citys next generation of leaders tocommit to achieving realistic targets in eleven goal areas:1) ENERGY & CLIMATE2) CLIMATE CHANGE PREPAREDNESS3) GREEN BUILDINGS4) TRANSPORTATION5) AIR QUALITY6) ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE7) WASTE8) WATER9) OPEN SPACE & URBAN GREENING10) GREEN ECONOMY11) FOOD SYSTEMSEIZING THE OPPORTUNITYThe time is ripe for the Mayor and City Council to decisively move LosAngeles toward a green, renewable energy infrastructure that is bothefficient and resilient. Los Angeles future energy system shouldincorporate electrified transportation, maximum integration ofrenewable energy resources, and smart grid technology to reduceharmful air emissions and the citys contribution to climate change.Decarbonization should be the goal. Now is also the time to bolsterthe citys climate preparedness through bolstering our water supplies,developing a regional climate preparedness strategy, and rethinkingour built environment paradigms.Furthermore, making sustainability a City priority is key to securingLos Angeles longterm economic viability. Investing in environmentaloutcomes will help Los Angeles stay economically competitive withother urban innovation centers by attracting the next generation ofentrepreneurs and green industries. In addition, neartermenvironmental investments can avoid the need to address far morecostly climate change impacts down the road. Investing in thetransformation of 20th century gray infrastructure into modern greeninfrastructure will spark new growth for Los Angeles economy. LosAngeles can show the world that the environmental challenges weface can be solved through determined local efforts. Our city can bea model for greening other economies, both in the United States andabroad.The success of our efforts to create a sustainable Los Angeles willbe measured by our children. It is with them in mind that we mustact today. Together we will transform Los Angeles into thecleanest and greenest big city in America.Los Angeles Mayor Antonio R. VillaraigosaGREEN LA, 2007VISION221LA 3 7. SPARKING A DIALOGUERefocusing Americas second largest city is a longterm effort thatcannot be fully achieved by one Mayor; but we must start now topave the way for the future and avoid repeating the mistakes of thepast. This document demonstrates how, over the course of twomayoral terms from 2013 to 2021, the next Mayor and City Councilcan set and achieve targeted goals that will transform Los Angelesinto a measurably more sustainable city and set the stage for furthertransformation throughout the rest of the 21st century.Although Vision 2021 LA primarily focuses on the environmentalaspects of sustainability, we recognize the significant economic andsocial challenges that face Los Angeles in the coming decade. Wehope our document will encourage others who care about and arestakeholders in Los Angeles future to develop parallel agendas thatfocus on other aspects of sustainability for the next Mayor and CityCouncil. Clear, measurable, publically available, and realistic neartermgoals and targets can help Los Angeles residents monitor ourCitys progress and hold our elected officials accountable for newpublic policy goals.We see this proposal as a first step toward realizing real change in theenvironmental sustainability of Los Angeles. We hope Vision 2021 LAwill spark a dialogue between mayoral and city council candidates,media, and voters about the candidates environmental visions forLos Angeles in 2021.A CALL TO ACTIONVision 2021 LA seeks answers to the following questions from each ofLos Angeles 2013 mayoral and city council candidates. Do you share the VISION221LA goals for our City? Will you incorporate the VISION221LA targets into yourplatform? Will you pledge, if elected, to adopt by 2014 a sustainabilityplan for the City of Los Angeles that includes goals, targets,measurable indicators, implementation measures, and animplementation timeline, and requires annual reports? Will you pledge, if elected, to assign implementation of thesustainability initiative to an office reporting to the Mayorthat has access to resources to direct and implement policyinitiatives that promote sustainability? Will you pledge, if elected, to build the Citys capacity fordata collection, analysis, and monitoring of sustainabilityissues?4 December 2012 8. HOW TO READ THIS DOCUMENT Goal Areas ExampleTopic categories for the purpose of organization. Goal areas are interrelated,and targets within one goal area can advance the goals of another goal area.(For example, meeting local water use targets furthers both Water and ClimateChange Preparedness goals.)TRANSPORTATION GoalsBroadly supported visionary statements to guide the Citys policy decisionsover the next eight years.Ensure all Los Angeles residents access tosustainable transportation options throughintegrated planning and investments in publicinfrastructure. TargetsMeasurable steps necessary to achieve broader sustainability goals. Increase public transit trips from 11.3% to 20% ofall transportation trips. IndicatorsMetrics linked to each target, so that the Citys progress can be measured. Public transit trips as a percentage of total trips Implementation MeasuresSuggested actions, policies, plans, and funding sources that would supportachievement of targets.Invest in transit stops with high boarding rates byproviding benches, shade, restrooms, and realtimearrival data. Lead AgenciesKey local entities to be held accountable for the achievement of targets andgoals.Department of Transportation Italicized terms are defined in the Glossary at the end of the document. Endnotes refer to References at the end of the document.VISION221LA 5 9. VISION221LA SUMMARY: SUSTAINABILITY GOALS FOR LOS ANGELES TO ACHIEVE BY 2021ENERGY & CLIMATE1. Reduce Los Angeles contribution to climate change.2. Modify LADWPs electricity resource mix to eliminate coal, andmaximize renewables, energy efficiency, and demandsidemanagement.3. Aggressively promote zero emission vehicles as a first priority, andpromote other alternative fuel vehicles as a second priority.CLIMATE CHANGEPREPAREDNESS1. Protect the health and welfare of Los Angeles residents from impacts ofclimate change, including increased temperatures, sea level rise,increased wildfire risk, and changes in precipitation.2. Adapt to climate change impacts through comprehensive preparednessplanning, implementation of preparedness measures, and continuousresearch and monitoring of climate impacts.GREENBUILDINGS1. Significantly increase energy conservation and efficiency in buildings.2. Diminish the environmental impacts of Los Angeles built environmentthrough continual improvement and implementation of green buildingpractices.TRANSPORTATION1. Ensure all Los Angeles residents access to sustainable transportationoptions through integrated planning and investments in publicinfrastructure.2. Upgrade Los Angeles streets to meet the multimodal needs of the citysresidents.AIR QUALITY1. Protect public health by eliminating residents exposure to aircontaminants at levels that pose a significant health risk.2. Draft a plan by 2015 to implement a zero emission containermovement system to fully deploy zero emission trucks and rail to andfrom the Port of Los Angeles by 2035.ENVIRONMENTALJUSTICE1. Reduce adverse cumulative environmental health impacts inoverburdened communities through improvements in zoning, land useplanning, monitoring and enforcement, and mitigating hazardous landuses and mobile emissions.2. Continue and expand stakeholder engagement and participation inenvironmental decisionmaking.WASTE1. Divert 87%+ of waste from landfills by reducing the amount of wastegenerated, increasing the amount of reused and recycled material, anddeveloping and implementing alternative waste technologies.2. Improve environmental and public health by decreasing improperdisposal of household hazardous waste.WATER1. Obtain 32% of water supply from local sources through increasedcapture of stormwater, increased use of recycled water, and increaseduse of local groundwater.2. Decrease water consumption to 100 gallons per capita per day.3. Achieve clean lakes, rivers, and coastal waters that meet all waterquality standard deadlines and are clean enough to support beneficialuses.OPEN SPACE & URBANGREENING1. Create an urban environment in which all residents are within mile ofopen space.2. Create an open space master plan for Los Angeles with an emphasis onincreasing open space access for underserved and/or high densitycommunities.3. Develop and sustain sufficient open space to support diverse usesthroughout the city such as natural functions/wildlife habitat toconserve and enhance biodiversity, active and passive recreation, andstormwater control.GREENECONOMY1. Establish Los Angeles as national leader for clean technologies andgreen jobs.2. Incorporate sustainability into city government procurement decisionmaking.FOOD SYSTEM1. Encourage the citys major institutions to commit to the Los AngelesFood Policy Councils Good Food Purchasing Guidelines.2. Foster healthy neighborhoods by expanding access to healthy foodretailers.6 December 2012 10. VISION221LA SUMMARY: KEY TARGETS TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABILITY GOALS IN LOS ANGELES BY 2021 Energy & Climate Generate 0% of Los Angeles electricity fromcoal and 40% from renewable resources. Reduce greenhouse gas emissions associatedwith city government activities, includingLADWPs electricity generation, to 60% below1990 levels. Introduce a vehicle sharing program thatallows city residents access to a zero emissionvehicle for local trips. Climate Change Preparedness Create a regional climate preparednessstrategy to protect Los Angeles residents, Cityinfrastructure, and other property from theimpacts of climate change, with milestones,deadlines, and implementation measures. Increase square footage of cool roofs to 4million ft2 and significantly increase squaremiles of cool paving. Green Buildings Create an annual Energy Star benchmarkingand disclosure program and require allbuildings subject to benchmarking to achieveEnergy Star score of 75 by 2018, and all Cityownedbuildings to achieve Energy Star scoreof 75 by 2016. All new Cityowned buildings are LEED Goldrated (or equivalent) starting 2018, and allexisting Cityowned buildings are LEEDExisting Buildings: Operation andMaintenance certified (or equivalent) by2021. Transportation Increase walking, biking, and public transittrips to 30% of all transportation trips. Increase percentage of people living within mile of regular public transit to 60%. Air Quality Meet National Ambient Air Quality Standardsfor ozone and particulate matter. Fully implement the SAN PEDRO BAY PORTSCLEAN AIR ACTION PLAN. Environmental Justice Establish pilot Green Zones in Pacoima,Boyle Heights, and Wilmington to attract newgreen businesses, safeguard sensitive landuses, and apply standards to new andexpanded commercial and industrial uses. Waste Achieve diversion rate from landfills for allmaterials from all sectors of 87%+. Significantly increase the percentage ofrecycled or composted material that is reusedlocally. Water Obtain 32% of water from local sources, suchas stormwater, recycled water, andgroundwater. Management, treatment, or beneficial use of42% of dry weather runoff and 47% of wetweather runoff. Open Space & Urban Greening Significantly increase percentage of people,particularly in underserved communities, thatlive within or mile of open space. Significantly increase funding for maintenanceand operation of existing and planned parksand open spaces, particularly in underservedand/or high density communities. Green Economy Create 100,000 new green jobs in Los Angeles. Provide demonstration opportunities forlocally developed clean technologies tobecome commercially viable, and createincentives to attract 50 new clean technologybusinesses to Los Angeles. Food System All major hospitals and college campusescommit to following the Los Angeles FoodPolicy Councils Good Food PurchasingGuidelines. At least 1 healthy food retailer for every 3 fastfood or convenience stores in low andmoderateincome areas of the city.Vision 2021 LA lays out keysustainability goals that the City canachieve over the next eight years,along with clearly defined targetactions and measurable indicators togauge the Citys progress.VISION221LA 7 11. VISION221LA1. ENERGY & CLIMATELos Angeles future as a sustainable city is inextricably linked to itsenergy policies. Energy generation and fuel combustion are primesources of both traditional air pollutants and the greenhouse gasesresponsible for climate change. Reducing the citys energy needsthough energy efficiency programs, and switching to less carbonintensivesources, like solar energy, wind, and alternative fuels, willreduce the citys contribution to climate change, improve air quality,and establish Los Angeles as a national leader in greening its energysupply. Improving energy efficiency will also help Los Angeles avoidsome of the worst local impacts of a changing climate, discussed inmore detail in the Climate Preparedness goal area below.Los Angeles has recognized the need for progress in energy andclimate. In 2007, the City adopted an innovative climate action plan,CLIMATE LA, which calls for shifts in the municipal vehicle fleet, energyefficiency programs, and improved land use planning. The CLIMATE LAmeasures put Los Angeles on track to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions from city activities to 35 percent below 1990 levels by2020.2 The L.A. Department of Water and Power (LADWP) alreadyhas reduced its GHG emissions 21 percent below 1990 levels,3 farahead of the scheduled statewide requirements in Assembly Bill 32,the law that requires the state to reduce GHG emissions.4 The Citysper capita GHG emissions have also fallenover the past decade.5Despite these positive steps, Los Angeles continues to emit moreGHGs than many small countries. And although the proposed shorttermtargets are within reach and will provide concrete improvementin these areas, they are only the first steps to position our City toachieve core climate and energy goals for 2050 and beyond.6 The Cityis well situated to lead the charge on energy transformation, energyefficiency, and GHG mitigation. City government operations accountfor onethird of Los Angeles overall GHG emissions.7 As the largestmunicipallyowned utility in the nation, LADWP has the power tocritically influence Los Angeles electricity generation andconsumption.LADWP has committed to reducing fossil fuel usage, increasing use ofrenewable energy sources like solar and wind, and promotingefficiency.8 One essential change LADWP can make in the next eightyears is eliminating coal, Los Angeles dirtiest and most GHGintensiveenergy source, from the energy mix. As the City transitions from coal,however, it must be mindful of the dangers of locking in longtermreliance on other fossil fuels and the need for a reliable energysupply.We also call upon LADWP to generate 40 percent of its electricityfrom renewable energy sources. To achieve this target, and to helpmeet Governor Browns statewide objective of 12,000 MW ofCalifornia solar, the City can install solar projects on City property,8 December 2012 12. encourage smart meters, and promote feedintariff mechanisms andsolar incentive programs. To ensure that renewables can beincorporated into the electricity grid effectively, LADWP also shouldinvest in distributed energy storage solutions, beginning withdemonstration projects and installations on existing substations.Decarbonizing Los Angeles transportation system (which is furtheraddressed in the Transportation and Air Quality goal areas below) isintegral to reducing our contribution to climate change. The Cityshould aggressively promote zero emission vehicles, which do notdirectly emit criteria pollutants like nitrogen oxides or particulatematter, as a first priority. Examples of zero emission vehicles arevehicles powered by an electric battery or fuel cell. Where it isunfeasible to replace conventional fleet vehicles with zero emissionvehicles over the next eight years, the City should transition to otheralternative fuel vehicles, such as hybridelectric vehicles or vehiclespowered by propane, natural gas, and/or biofuels that exceed theCalifornia Low Carbon Fuel Standard by at least a factor of two.Overall, the Citys ultimate goal should be to move Los Angelestoward a zero emission fleet. The Mayor can set a powerful exampleby personally driving only a zero emission vehicle. The City canencourage other residents to commit to zero emission vehicles, too,by introducing a vehiclesharing program that will allow residentsaccess to a zero emission vehicle for local trips.While focusing on innovative technologies, it is important to keep inmind the state of our existing infrastructure. LADWP shouldaccelerate and deepen programs to ensure that its existing energyinfrastructure can meet the challenges of the future. Beginning nowto address Los Angeles longterm energy and climate challenges isessential to securing the Citys prosperous future; but the vision welay out for Los Angeles is not without costs. Thus, we supportincreasing LADWP rates as necessary to meet the renewable energyand other targets advocated here.GOALS:1. Reduce Los Angeles contribution to climate change.2. Modify LADWPs electricity resource mix to eliminate coal,and maximize renewables, energy efficiency, and demandsidemanagement.3. Aggressively promote zero emission vehicles as a first priority,and promote other alternative fuel vehicles as a secondpriority.VISION221LA 9 13. INDICATORS TARGETS IMPLEMENTATION MEASURESClimate Change Mitigation Lead Agency: Los Angeles Dept. of Water & Power (LADWP)Los Angeles GHG emissionsReduce Los Angeles GHG emissions to 30%(MMTCO2e/year)below 1990 levels.9Eliminate coal from Los Angeles mix of energy sources.Implement CLIMATE LA measures, such as increasing the efficiency ofnatural gasfired power plants.Ensure all Los Angeles residents access to sustainabletransportation options.GHG emissions associated with Citygovernment activities, includingLADWPs electricity generation(MMTCO2e/year)Reduce GHG emissions associated with Citygovernment activities, including LADWPselectricity generation, to 60% below 1990levels.10Eliminate coal from Los Angeles mix of energy sources.Implement CLIMATE LA measures like reducing energy use in Citybuildings, installing pilot solar lighting systems, and replacing HVACequipment with more efficient units.Electricity Resource Mix Lead Agencies: LADWP, DPWAnnual total electricity consumptionReduce Los Angeles annual electricitycompared to a moving baseline ofconsumption by 15%.11projected annual power use establishedin 2010 (GWh)Maintain the energy efficiency program budget at or above $140million per year, and continually review and revise programs toensure maximum efficiency improvements are achieved.Work with experienced thirdparty provider(s) to offer behavioralbasedconservation programs to customers.Develop and implement a formal demand response program thatincentivizes homeowners and businesses to curtail electricity use attimes of peak demand.Convert all appropriate streetlights to more energy efficient LEDbulbs.Incentivize conservation and efficiency by increasing the unit costof electricity for highvolume users.Install solar reflective cool roofs to reduce City buildings coolingenergy needs.Target commercial and industrial users with education programsand information about their facilities energy use.Develop and implement smart grid technologies.10 December 2012 14. INDICATORS TARGETS IMPLEMENTATION MEASURESUtilize revenue from capandtrade allowances to benefitratepayers through aggressive investments in energy efficiency.Percentage of homes and businesseswith smart metersInstall smart meters in all homes andbusinesses.Mayor aggressively promotes smart meters to the public.Explore LADWP energy efficiency grants as a potential fundingsource for smart meter installation programs.Percentage of LADWP electricitygeneration from coalReduce percentage of Los Angeles electricityfrom coal from 40% to 0%.12Accelerate LADWPs plans to replace coal generation from theIntermountain Power Project.Percentage of LADWP electricitygeneration from renewable energysourcesGenerate 40% of Los Angeles electricity fromrenewable energy sources.13Work with the California Energy Commission and SouthernCalifornia Public Power Authority to invest in grid integrationtechnologies to ensure renewable energy projects can connectseamlessly to the existing electricity grid.14Phase out the Green Power program and replace it with a SunShares program to allow city residents to receive a credit on theirmonthly electricity bill for supporting a local solar project.15 Furtherenhance the program by connecting customers via fieldtrips withreallife solar projects in the city.Implement Virtual Net Metering, which would enable thegeneration from a common facility (e.g., a solar project on aresidential apartment building) to be credited by LADWP to the billsof the individual units.Accelerate interconnections with Southern California Edison andselfgenerators to allow addition of more small distributed windand solar capacity to the system.Capacity of new distributed solar energyprojects in the LADWP service area(MW)Capacity of energy projects in the feedintariff program (MW)Install 1200 MW of local distributed solarenergy projects, including 600 MW via thefeedintariff mechanism, to meet LosAngeles fair share of Governor Browns12,000 MW state goal.16Incorporate local renewable energy targets into overlay maps,siting criteria, and planning documents.17Streamline the permitting process for rooftop solar panelinstallation.Expand LADWP solar incentive programs, which offer city residentscash back for installing solar on their property.18VISION221LA 11 15. INDICATORS TARGETS IMPLEMENTATION MEASURESAmend LADWP policies to allow thirdparty power purchaseagreements for distributed solar energy projects.Ensure that IOUs and POUs apply the states Loading Order,19 whichfills electricity needs with renewables (after efficiency) beforeplanning new fossil fuel resources, during long and shorttermelectricity planning and implementation.Solar energy projects installed on Cityproperty (MW)Install 400 MW of solar energy projects onCity property.20Identify priority properties for solar installation.Number of energy storagedemonstration projects per councildistrictDevelop 2 energy storage demonstrationprojects per Council district.Identify priority properties for energy storage installation.Revise LADWP procurement process to reward energy storageprojects for cost savings.Percentage of LADWP substations withenergy storage componentInstall distributed energy storage componentsat all LADWP substations.Prioritize funding for energy storage components.Existing Infrastructure Lead Agency: LADWPFunds allocated annually to rebuildingAccelerate and enhance LADWPs Powerinfrastructure and proactiveReliability Program to upgrade existing energymaintenance ($/year)infrastructure.21System average interruption frequencyindexSystem average interruption durationindexNumber of circuits that have failedcomponentsNumber of poles replaced andreinforcedUnderground transmission cablesreplaced (miles)Prioritize funding for LADWPs Power Reliability Program.12 December 2012 16. INDICATORS TARGETS IMPLEMENTATION MEASURESZero Emissions and Alternative FuelVehiclesLead Agencies: General Services Dept. (GSD), City Council, Metro,Proprietaries, LADWP, SCAQMDCollaboration between LADWP andSouthern California Edison to expandelectric vehicle charging infrastructureat workplaces and multiunit dwellingsNumber of workplaces and multiunitdwellings with newly installed electricvehicle charging infrastructureEstablish a partnership between LADWP andSouthern California Edison to collaborate onexpanding electric vehicle charginginfrastructure at workplaces and multiunitdwellings by 2015.Streamline permitting and installation of electric vehicle chargingsystems in multiunit dwellings.22Require new construction to incorporate electric vehicle rapidcharging systems with Level 2 charging capability.Percentage of total municipal vehiclefleet that are zero emission oralternative fuel vehiclesPercentage of solid waste collectionvehicles that are zero emission oralternative fuel vehiclesTransition 85% of the municipal vehicle fleetto zero emission or alternative fuel vehicles,including 100% of solid waste collectionvehicles.23Increase funding for the GSD Vehicle Replacement Program.Explore new transportation fees, taxes, and publicprivatepartnerships to raise funds for vehicle purchases.Continue to construct additional alternative refuelinginfrastructure.Implement an exclusive franchise waste hauling system in LosAngeles, including contracts that require alternative fuel solid wastecollection vehicles.24Percentage of natural gas used by themunicipal vehicle fleet fuel that isrenewable natural gas30% of any natural gas used as transportationfuel by the municipal vehicle fleet isrenewable natural gas.Support policies at the state level that responsibly spurdevelopment of renewable natural gas.Zero emission vehicle sales as apercentage of all new car sales in LosAngelesIncrease zero emission vehicle adoption from9% to 13% of new car sales in Los Angeles.25Conduct consumer awareness campaigns.Streamline permitting and installation of electric vehicle chargingsystems in multiunit dwellings.26Require new construction to incorporate electric vehicle rapidcharging systems with Level 2 charging capability.Zero emission vehiclesharing program Introduce a zero emission vehicle sharingprogram that allows city residents access to azero emission vehicle for local trips withoutthe cost of owning a private vehicle.Explore the possibility of including electric motorcycles, bicycles,and threewheelers as well as traditional sedans in city vehiclesharingprograms.VISION221LA 13 17. INDICATORS TARGETS IMPLEMENTATION MEASURESMayor drives a zero emission vehicle The Mayor drives a zero emission vehiclestarting in 2014.The Mayor can allow other leaders and media representatives todrive the electric vehicle, and promote the vehicle by driving it topublic events.14 December 2012 18. VISION221LA2. CLIMATE CHANGE PREPAREDNESSIn the coming years, climate change will bring dramatic changes toLos Angeles, with wideranging effects on the health and welfare ofits residents. By midcentury, the number of extreme temperaturedays above 95 degrees is predicted to triple in downtown LosAngeles, quadruple in parts of the San Fernando Valley, and jump fivetimes in other parts of Los Angeles County.27 Higher temperatureswill worsen air pollution, increase risks of asthma and other diseases,threaten vulnerable populations like children and the elderly, andplace new and growing demands on our energy and water supplysystems. Climate change also brings other threats to the city,including increased wildfire risks, and flooding risks in coastalneighborhoods.To prepare for these profound local impacts, Los Angeles must bothmitigate its impact on the environment by taking measures to reducegreenhouse gas emissions outlined in other sections of this plan, andadapt to changes that are already underway that threaten the wellbeingof its people. Los Angeles has begun to create a preparednessstrategy through the Mayors AdaptLA climate change planningprocess. In partnership with UCLA, the Los Angeles RegionalCollaborative (LARC), USC Sea Grant, and the International Council forLocal Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI), forecasts of climate changeimpacts on the Los Angeles region are in the works. The collaborationhas already released a midcentury temperature forecast and isscheduled to complete studies on the effects of climate change onsea level rise, precipitation, cloud cover, wind, and hydrology.28 Thecurrent Mayors office is committed to using these studies to developa regional climate preparedness strategy, originally scheduled forrelease by Spring 2013.Going forward, Los Angeles must incorporate climate changeforecasts into all aspects of city planning, and perform ongoingresearch to ensure that decisions are based on the most current data.GOALS:1. Protect the health and welfare of Los Angeles residents fromimpacts of climate change, including increased temperatures,sea level rise, increased wildfire risk, and changes inprecipitation.2. Adapt to climate change impacts through comprehensivepreparedness planning, implementation of preparednessmeasures, and continuous research and monitoring of climateimpacts.VISION221LA 15 19. INDICATORS TARGETS KEY IMPLEMENTATION MEASURESPreparedness Planning Lead Agencies: Mayors Office, AdaptLAA regional climate preparednessstrategyDraft and implement a regional climatepreparedness strategy, with milestones, deadlines,and implementation measures, by Spring 2014.29Building on AdaptLAs vulnerability assessment efforts, create aregional climate preparedness strategy to adapt Los Angeles to theimpacts of climate change, with milestones, deadlines, andimplementation measures.Submit annual progress reports on the implementation of theregional climate preparedness strategy.Collaborate with City of Los Angeles departments to include in theclimate preparedness strategy a plan for protecting climatesensitive habitats and ecosystems, the most vulnerable cityinfrastructure, and other property.Percentage of existing city plansthat integrate climate changeconsiderationsIntegrate climate change considerations into allexisting city and agency plans (e.g., drought plans,natural disaster risk plans, coastal storm plans,etc.).Through the Mayors office, coordinate an effort to include climatechange preparedness considerations in all existing City plans,including considerations of coastal planning and wildfire risk.Ongoing research panel to assessclimate change impacts on LosAngelesCreate a panel to conduct ongoing research andmodeling of climate change impacts, andmonitoring and reporting on the progress of theclimate preparedness strategy by 2014.Building on the partnership with LARC, develop a panel modeled onthe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Working Groups tocontinually generate, compile, update, and analyze data on LosAngeles vulnerability to climate change and preparedness capacity,and to develop monitoring, modeling, and other decisionmakingtools that generate and make publiclyavailable local climatechange projections and climate vulnerability data.Take advantage of existing relationships, including with C40, aglobal group of cities working to address climate change, as sourcesof research and climate preparedness ideas.Preparedness Measures Lead Agencies: Mayors Office, AdaptLA, LARC, LADWPSquare footage of solar reflectivecool roofsIncrease square footage of solar reflective coolroofs by 4 million ft2.30Create widespread use of cool roofs by increasing public awarenessand education, adjusting the building code, offering rebates, andstreamlining the permitting process.3116 December 2012 20. INDICATORS TARGETS KEY IMPLEMENTATION MEASURESMiles of streets and alleys withSignificantly increase miles of streets and alleyscool paving32with cool paving, and square footage of parkingSquare footage of parking lotslots with cool paving.with cool pavingIn hotter areas, require cool paving with Solar Reflectance Index of35 or higher in all municipal parking lots and all new private parkinglots 1,000 square feet or larger.Require cool coatings and/or lighter aggregate and/or specificmaterials for street, sidewalk, and other parking lot surfaces.Square footage of concrete andother surfaces that retain andradiate heat on city propertySignificantly reduce square footage of surfacematerials that retain and radiate heat on cityproperty.Replace surfaces with vegetation that do not increase irrigation use.Tree canopy coverage Increase canopy coverage in neighborhoods wheretrees would mitigate the heat island effect andwould be adequately funded, without increasingirrigation use.33Identify neighborhoods where increasing tree canopy wouldmitigate the heat island effect.Increase tree canopy if there is sufficient funding for treemaintenance, using trees that do not significantly increase irrigationuse.Percentage of city neighborhoodswith a cooling centerEstablish cooling centers to help residents deal withextreme heat in the hottest areas of the city by2015, and other neighborhoods as needed.34Identify neighborhoods most in need of cooling centers, andprioritize the creation of cooling centers accordingly.Participation by residents inenergy and water conservationprogramsSignificantly increase participation in distributedelectricity generation, energy efficiency, and waterconservation programs.Promote solar rooftop installations by incorporating localrenewable energy targets into planning documents, streamliningthe permitting process, expanding LADWP solar incentive programs,and allowing thirdparty power purchase agreements fordistributed solar energy projects.Provide customer rebates for energy efficiency.Promote and incentivize water conservation.VISION221LA 17 21. VISION221LA3. GREEN BUILDINGSIn Los Angeles, buildings consume a significant portion of our naturalresources. Buildings are responsible for up to twothirds of the cityselectricity load, and nearly onethird of the citys annual carbondioxide emissions.35 Green building practices focus on developinghighperforming facilities that efficiently use energy, water, and otherresources, while protecting occupant health. Increasingimplementation of these practices will help Los Angeles meet thetargets in many other parts of this report.The City has led the way in constructing more sustainable municipalbuildings. The total square footage of municipal buildings certified tomeet the U.S. Green Building Councils Energy and Design (LEED)standards has grown from just 9,000 in 2004 to nearly 1.8 million in2010. Currently, the Los Angeles Green Code requires all municipalprojects to attain LEED Silver. In addition, Los Angeles has continuallyranked as the city with the greatest number of EPArated Energy Starcertified buildings in the nation.36 A combination of using greenbuilding standards and reducing energy use will help transform grayinfrastructure into green infrastructure.Los Angeles must seize the opportunity to continue to lead byexample. Committing to higher green building standards and energyefficiency for municipal buildings, and encouraging the private sectorto do the same, will help Los Angeles meet its GHG reduction goals,reduce the impact of the built environment, and create moresustainable and enjoyable buildings for its residents.GOALS:1. Significantly increase energy conservation and efficiency inbuildings.2. Diminish the environmental impacts of Los Angeles builtenvironment through continual improvement andimplementation of green building practices.18 December 2012 22. INDICATORS TARGETS IMPLEMENTATION MEASURESEnergy Efficiency and Conservation Lead Agencies: City Council, Bureau of Engineering(BOE), LADWPEnergy use intensity of Cityownedbuildings (BTU/ ft2)100% of new Cityowned buildings achieve energy use intensityof 50 BTU/ft2 or less.BOE pursues energy conservation and efficiencymeasures.Percentage of Cityowned buildingsthat have an Energy Star score of 75or higher100% of Cityowned buildings that qualify have an Energy Starscore of 75 by 2016.37BOE pursues energy conservation and efficiencymeasures.Annual Energy Star Benchmarkingand Disclosure ProgramCreate and implement an Energy Star Benchmarking andDisclosure program for buildings greater than 50,000 ft2starting June 1, 2013, buildings greater than 10,000 ft2 startingJune 1, 2014, and buildings greater than 5,000 ft2 starting June1, 2015.38City Council passes an ordinance that establishes anEnergy Star Benchmarking and Disclosure program,administered though the Department of Building andSafety.Percentage of buildings subject tothe Energy Star benchmarking anddisclosure program that achieve anEnergy Star score of 75 or higher100% of buildings subject to the Energy Star benchmarking anddisclosure program achieve an Energy Star score of 75 by 2018.LADWP offers incentives to achieve an Energy Starscore of 75 prior to 2018.Conduct audits to ensure achievement of an EnergyStar score of 75.Participation in Energy EfficiencyRetrofits programs annually (% ofbuildings)Increase participation in LADWPs Energy Efficiency Retrofitsprograms annually to achieve 100% participation by 2021.39LADWP offers incentives to participate, which couldinclude performing numerous free or discountedenergy audits, and establishing on bill financing tohelp fund retrofits that residents can pay back lateron the power bill.40Insulation and energy efficiencyupgrade requirements for buildingsat point of sale and time of majorrenovationRequire insulation and energy efficiency upgrades for 100% ofcommercial and residential buildings sold and transferred,100% of commercial and residential properties undergoingrenovations of $50,000 or more, and 100% of commercialproperties that have additions to the building area of 10% ormore.LADWP establishes a list of required insulation andenergy efficiency upgrades.Perform audits to ensure compliance.Building energy use per capita Decrease per capita building energy use by 3% annually. LADWP and Mayors office engage in outreach to helpindividuals make behavioral changes to conserveVISION221LA 19 23. INDICATORS TARGETS IMPLEMENTATION MEASURES(MMBTU/capita) energy, such as by tracking and comparing energyuse.Work with experienced thirdparty provider(s) tooffer behavioralbased conservation programs tocustomers.Green Building Lead Agencies: City Council, BOE, LADWPGreen building standards tailored toLos AngelesCreate a set of green building standards, modeled after U.S.Green Building Councils LEED, with tailored standardsappropriate for Los Angeles, including an emphasis on waterconservation.Develop a tailored green building standard andprogram for Los Angeles.Empower City inspectors to issue certifications as analternative way to meet the LEED requirementsspecified below.Percentage of new Cityownedbuildings that are LEED Gold (orequivalent)100% of new Cityowned buildings are LEED Gold rated (orequivalent) or higher starting Jan. 1, 2018.41City Council passes an ordinance requiring all newCityowned buildings to have LEED Gold rating (orequivalent) or higher starting Jan. 1, 2018.Percentage of existing Cityownedbuildings that are LEEDEBOM (orequivalent)100% of existing Cityowned buildings are LEEDEBOM (ExistingBuildings: Operation and Maintenance) certified (orequivalent) by 2021.BOE pursues retrofit efforts to achieve LEED EBOMcertification (or equivalent) for all existing Cityownedbuildings.Percentage of new private buildingsthat are LEED certified (orequivalent) or higher100% of new private buildings greater than 50,000 ft2 are LEEDcertified (or equivalent) starting June 1, 2013, and LEED Silverrated starting Jan. 1, 2018.42City Council passes an ordinance requiring all newprivate buildings greater than 50,000 ft2 to be LEEDcertified (or equivalent) starting June 1, 2013, andLEED Silver rated (or equivalent) starting Jan. 1, 2018.Percentage of existing privatebuildings that are LEED EBOMcertified (or equivalent)20% of existing private buildings are LEED EBOM certified (orequivalent) by 2021.LADWP creates incentives to encourage water andenergy conservation and efficiency.Sustainable building requirementsfor new buildingsEstablish sustainable building requirements for new buildingsto achieve water and energy savings.City Council passes ordinance that establishessustainable building requirements, including LID,solarready roof equipment, and zero emission20 December 2012 24. INDICATORS TARGETS IMPLEMENTATION MEASURESvehicleready garages.VISION221LA 21 25. VISION221LA4. TRANSPORTATIONOver the past few decades, the City and County have spent billions ofdollars on transportation infrastructure in an attempt to refocus LosAngeles on efficiently and sustainably moving people instead ofcars.43 Bus and rail service has expanded throughout the city, the Cityhas installed miles of bikeways, and CicLAvia events, whichtemporarily close portions of the city to car traffic, draw attention tothe need to make streets safer for active transportation andrecreation. Still, the vast majority of the citys 1.4 million commutingresidents still rely on personal automobiles.44 Vehicle use and trafficcongestion contribute to climate change, consume fossil fuels, anddisproportionately burden communities located near freeways withharmful air emissions.Los Angeles can do more to make sustainable transportation modes,including public transit, car and rideshares, carpooling, biking, andwalking, accessible and desirable to its residents. For instance, theCity can coordinate with local and regional entities to distributediscounted EZ transit passes, expand Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) lineswith dedicated bus lanes, install bicycle parking structures, promotevehiclesharing programs, and upgrade bus stops and stations.In general, the Citys transportation resources should be used toinvest in buses, rail, bike lanes, and other transit alternatives; anyresources spent on new highways should be limited to projects thatcreate dedicated lanes for buses and maintenance. And of course,prioritization and expansion of transit operation must complementany new investments. The next Mayor and City Council must committo expanding and protecting existing transit operations andmaintenance, and advocate at the state and federal levels for transitoperation funds in addition to capital for expansion.Additionally, the City needs greater commitment to an integratedland use and transportation planning process that focuses onachieving communities within which public transit works. Currently,fewer than half of Angelenos live within onequarter mile of regulartransit.45 The next Mayor and City Council can support policies andprograms that link residents, workplaces, and transit to discouragesinglepassenger vehicle trips.46 Importantly, the City must ensurethat newly transitoriented neighborhoods retain the sameneighborhoods and do not displace existing residents. Likewise,improvements in sustainable transportation access should equallybenefit residents across income levels. When thinking aboutsustainable transportation improvements, no neighborhoods shouldbe off the table both low and highincome communities must beincluded.Increased investment in streets to meet the multimodal needs of theCitys residents must also be a priority. Our streets should be safecorridors for bicyclists and pedestrians as well as cars. Los Angelescommitment to promoting bikeable and walkable communities will22 December 2012 26. have positive benefits for both the environment and quality of life forall Angelenos. We also call upon mayoral appointees to the MetroBoard to commit to our transportation goals.GOALS:1. Ensure all Los Angeles residents access to sustainabletransportation options through integrated planning andinvestments in public infrastructure.2. Upgrade Los Angeles streets to meet the multimodal needsof the citys residents.INDICATORS TARGETS IMPLEMENTATION MEASURESSustainable Transportation Lead Agencies: Dept. of Transportation (DOT), MetroShared ride trips as a percentage ofIncrease shared ride trips from 10.5% tototal trips20% of all transportation trips.47Limit funding for highways to projects that create dedicated lanes forbuses and maintenance.Work with Los Angeles event venues and event planners to ensure thatall city events have an easytouse ridesharing tool, including a widget onevent websites and email confirmations.Work with vehicleshare providers to provide premium city parking,especially in crowded commercial districts. Pass a city council ordinanceoutlining vehicleshare parking requirements.48Explore pointtopoint and peertopeer vehicle rental programs.49Active transportation trips as apercentage of total tripsIncrease active transportation trips (walkingand biking) from 4.4% to 10% of alltransportation trips.50Install secure bicycle parking structures coupled with strategically placedrepair service and supply shops to encourage cycling.Fully implement the 2010 BICYCLE PLAN, which directs the City to add 200miles of bikeways every five years.51Develop city demonstration facilities of workplace changing room andshower facilities for bicycle commuters, and transit station bike storageand repair facilities.Develop a citywide bike share program.VISION221LA 23 27. INDICATORS TARGETS IMPLEMENTATION MEASURESPromote and increase the number and scope of CicLAvia events, whichtemporarily close portions of the city to car traffic to make streets saferfor active transportation and recreation.52Public transit trips as a percentageof total tripsIncrease public transit trips from 11.3% to20% of all transportation trips.53Transition from an automobilecentric method of transportation impactanalysis to a multimodal or modeagnostic method, under which busonlylanes on highvolume transit corridors become an effective mitigationmeasure rather than a generator of significant impacts under CaliforniaEnvironmental Quality Act (CEQA).54Ensure that mayoral appointees to the Metro Board commit to protectingbus riders and making civil rights and environmental justice protection akey part of Metros transportation mission.Commit to expanding and protecting existing transit operation andmaintenance. Advocate at the state and federal levels for transitoperation funds. Through Metro, identify new local sources of operationsfunding by protecting unrestricted Proposition A and C funds foroperations.Support implementation of the nearterm transportation strategiesoutlined in VISION LOS ANGELES, a 30year consensus action plan to improvemobility in Los Angeles.55Raise funds for public transit through real estate transfer taxes, benefitassessment districts, and taxincrement financing.Following Metros 30/10 Initiative, use longterm revenue from theMeasure R sales tax as collateral for bonds and a federal loan to constructkey transit projects in 10 years, rather than 30.56Invest in transit stops with high boarding rates by providing benches,shade, restrooms, and realtime arrival data.Ensure that all Measure R transit projects include bicycle and pedestrianplanning from the outset so that bicycle and pedestrian access isintegrated into all new stations and stops.Advocate for expedited financing for local railway projects at the stateand federal levels.Increase bus frequency, reduce transit time, and improve the ontime24 December 2012 28. INDICATORS TARGETS IMPLEMENTATION MEASURESperformance of buses.Work with Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) toensure that federal transportation funds have public transit as a firstpriority.Focus on last mile transit improvements, such as bike trails, bikestorage facilities, van shuttles, and parkandride/kissandride lots, as theusefulness of trunk transit lines fails without a local link to residences.Improve public transit links to open spaces (e.g., shuttles betweenExpo/Crenshaw lines and Baldwin Hills recreational area).Work with L.A. County Metro to support transit projects identified inMetros 2009 LONG RANGE TRANSPORTATION PLAN as top priority projects.57Market discounted monthly and/or quarterly Metro transit passes.Number of new Bus Rapid Transitlines with an ITDP score of silver orbetterCreate 20 new Bus Rapid Transit lines with ascore of silver or better according to theInstitute for Transportation & DevelopmentPolicy (ITDP) BRT Standard Scorecard.Focus investments on improvements prioritized by ITDPs BRT StandardScorecard, such as expanded hours of operation, multicorridornetworks, segregated rightsofway, passing lanes at stations, minimizingemissions, pavement quality, platformlevel boarding, integration withother transit, and pedestrian access.58Number of SCAG meetings Mayorand City Council members attendper yearMayor and City Council members attend atleast four SCAG meetings per year in theirex officio capacity.Mayor and City Council members publically announce their jointcommitment to attend at least four SCAG meetings to advocate forpolicies and programs that help achieve Los Angeles sustainabletransportation goals.Percentage of Los Angeles residentand employee population with amonthly EZ transit pass25% of all Los Angeles residents andemployees have EZ transit passes, which aremonthly passes for local travel on 24different public transit carriers throughoutthe Los Angeles region.59Work with employers and Neighborhood Councils to offer a deepdiscount on EZ transit passes if a large proportion of employees or groupmembers sign up for a monthly pass (e.g., if 100% of members sign up, agroup could receive the passes at an 85% discount).Encourage transit ridership by making discounted monthly passesavailable to as many residents and workers as possible.City Planning, DOT, and Metro collaborate to negotiate a standardagreement for transit passes for Los Angeles residents and employeesthat can be implemented as a traffic mitigation measure during CEQAreview.VISION221LA 25 29. INDICATORS TARGETS IMPLEMENTATION MEASURESLand Use Planning Lead Agencies: City Council, Southern California Assoc. of Governments(SCAG)Percentage of population livingwithin mile of transit that runs atleast every 15 minutes duringweekday daytimeIncrease percentage of population that liveswithin mile of transit that runs at leastevery 15 minutes during weekday daytimefrom 46% to 60%.60Ensure that new housing and commercial units being built in the City arefocused around existing and planned transit corridors. Target funding toexisting communities.61Establish target job and housing densities for station areas, transit stops,and corridors to help ensure sufficient transit ridership and discourageopposition.Number of households withincomes below the Los AngelesCounty median that are locatedwithin mile of rail or Bus RapidTransit stationsSignificantly increase the number of lowincomehouseholds within mile of rail orBus Rapid Transit stations.62Adopt an ordinance requiring No Net Loss of affordable housing within mile of rail or Bus Rapid Transit stations.Renew any locally subsidized housing contracts in station areas that areset to expire in 20142021. For the 30,000 federally subsidized unitscurrently located in station areas, promote renewal of any contracts thatare set to expire in 20142021.63Enable existing tenants to stay using developer impact fees, and enforceand expand tenant protections.Incentivize construction of additional affordable housing units in stationareas, and include affordable housing in transitoriented developmentplanning.Limit the number of parking spaces for transitoriented developments byremoving parking minimums, imposing parking maximums, andunbundling parking.Work with nonprofits, land trusts, housing coops, and other communityorganizations to track and target affordable housing units in station areasfor removal from the open market.64Upgrading Streets Lead Agency: Dept. of Public Works (DPW)Number of intersections withInstall computerbased traffic signal controlcomputerbased traffic signalsystems at all intersections.control systems installed.Expedite CLIMATE LA measures to install Automated Traffic Surveillanceand Control Systems (ATSAC) or Adaptive Traffic Control Systems (ATCS)at city intersections.6526 December 2012 30. INDICATORS TARGETS IMPLEMENTATION MEASURESNew miles of bikeways. Add 500 miles of new bikeways. Raise funds for bikeways through dynamically priced parking meters,whose prices change over the course of a day according to demand forparking.Fast track the first FiveYear Implementation Plan for the 2010 BICYCLEPLAN, which directs the city to add 200 miles of bikeways every fiveyears.66Complete the Los Angeles River Bikeway Network.Percentage of population within mile of dedicated bikeways.Increase percentage of population that liveswithin mile of bikeways from 35% to50%.67Prioritize the development of new bikeways in communities thatdisproportionately lack them.Develop bike lanes and paths to connect Central Los Angeles and the SanFernando Valley.Number of bicycle collisions withvehicles per 1,000 cyclists ascompared to 2010 levelsNumber of pedestrian collisionswith vehicles per 1,000 pedestriansas compared to 2010 levelsDecrease pedestrian and bicycle collisionswith vehicles by 50%.68Establish safe bicycle and pedestrian safety corridors in areas with thepoorest safety records to target improvements.Install bicycle and pedestrian accommodations at busy intersections,including crosswalks, pedestrian push buttons, countdown signals,sidewalk bulbouts, island refuges, and bike boxes.Complete pedestrian travel networks by connecting discontinuoussidewalks.VISION221LA 27 31. VISION221LA5. AIR QUALITYAlthough Los Angeles has made great strides in improving air qualityover the past several decades, it is still ranked as one of the mostpolluted cities in the country for ozone smog and particulatepollution.69 Additionally, there is more work to be done to reduceemissions of toxic and carcinogenic chemicals within the city.In California, harmful air pollutants are responsible for an estimated19,000 annual premature deaths, 280,000 annual cases of asthmasymptoms, 1.9 million annual lost work days, and more than 1 millionrespiratoryrelated school absences every year.70 Los Angeles has thehighest estimated rate of air quality related premature death in thestate, representing nearly ten percent of all premature deaths.71 Noresident of Los Angeles should be exposed to air contaminants atlevels that pose a significant health risk. The city must move morequickly toward attainment of National Ambient Air QualityStandards.72Mobile sources (including trucks, ships, aircrafts, and personalvehicles) emit 90 percent of the regions air pollutants, and freightvehicles are responsible for most of these emissions. The Port of LosAngeles (POLA) and stationary sources like refineries and powerplants contribute significantly to poor air quality in their surrounding,disproportionately lowincome communities. The City of Los Angelesmust ensure that the SAN PEDRO BAY PORTS CLEAN AIR ACTION PLAN73 issuccessfully implemented to reduce Portrelated pollution.Moreover, the City must make significant progress toward a zeroemission container movement system (ZECMS) for the Port that useszero emission technologies like batteryelectric or fuel cellpoweredvehicles. Zero emission technologies must be the longterm goal ofthe Port, as they have significant toxic air pollutant and carbonbenefits over alternative fuel technologies. Nearterm components ofsuch a system, like zero emission short distance drayage trucks andtruck trips to and from the ports, should be implementedimmediately.GOALS:1. Protect public health by eliminating residents exposure to aircontaminants at levels that pose a significant health risk.2. Draft a plan by 2015 to implement a zero emission containermovement system to fully deploy zero emission trucks and railto and from the Port of Los Angeles by 2035.28 December 2012 32. INDICATORS TARGETS KEY IMPLEMENTATION MEASURESAir Pollutants in Los Angeles Lead Agency: Mayors Office, South Coast Air QualityManagement District (SCAQMD)Number of asthmarelated hospitaladmissions or emergency room visitsper yearAnnual premature deaths due to airpollutionAnnual cases of asthmaAnnual respiratoryrelated lost workdaysAnnual respiratoryrelated schoolabsencesSignificantly decrease number of asthmarelatedhospital admissions or emergency room visits per year,annual premature deaths due to air pollution, annualcases of asthma, annual respiratoryrelated lost workdays, and annual respiratoryrelated school absences.Task the Mayors appointee to the SCAQMD withcommitting to the airrelated targets in this document.Increase zero emission and alternative fuel truck trips toand from the Port of Los Angeles and the Los AngelesWorld Airports.Increase walking, biking, and public transit trips.Create new Bus Rapid Transit lines and dedicated buslanes.Increase zero emission vehicle adoption in Los Angeles.Reduce cumulative environmental health impacts inoverburdened communities through use of Green Zones,preventing siting of sensitive land uses near toxic emissionssources, and mitigating the impact for sensitive land usescurrently near toxic emission sources.Number of days per year ozone exceedsthe National Ambient Air Quality 8hourstandard (ppm volume airconcentration)Significantly reduce the number of days per year ozoneexceeds the National Ambient Air Quality 8hourstandard (2008 standard of 0.075 ppm volume airconcentration, or most recent standard).74Implement measures listed above to reduce air pollutionrelatedhealth impacts.SCAQMDs 2012 plan would bring the South Coast Basininto attainment with the 8hour ozone standard by 2023.7524hour average PM10 concentration(g/m3 average mean over 3 years)Maintain attainment of National Ambient Air Qualitystandards for 24hour average concentration of PM10(150 g/m3).76Implement measures listed above to reduce air pollutionrelatedhealth impacts.Annual average PM2.5 concentration(g/m3 annual mean over 3 years)Meet National Ambient Air Quality standards forannual average concentration of PM 2.5 (15 g/m3) by2014. 77Implement measures listed above to reduce air pollutionrelatedhealth impacts.VISION221LA 29 33. INDICATORS TARGETS KEY IMPLEMENTATION MEASURES24hour average PM2.5 concentration(g/m3, averaged over 3 years)Meet National Ambient Air Quality standards for 24hour average concentration of PM 2.5 (35 g/m3) by2014.Implement measures listed above to reduce air pollutionrelatedhealth impacts.SCAQMDs 2012 plan would bring the Basin intoattainment with the 24hour PM2.5 standard by 2014, witha possible 5year extension.78Carcinogenic risk from air toxics(number of additional cancers in apopulation of one million individuals,exposed over a 70year lifetime)Significantly reduce carcinogenic risk from air toxics,focusing on the mostly heavily impacted, highdensitycommunities.79Implement measures listed above to reduce air pollutionrelatedhealth impacts.Air Pollutants from the Port of LosAngelesLead Agency: POLAA plan by 2015 to implement a ZECMS Draft a plan by 2015 to implement a zero emissioncontainer movement system (ZECMS) that fullydeploys zero emission trucks and rail to and from thePort of Los Angeles by 2035.Building on the SAN PEDRO PORTS CLEAN AIR ACTION PLAN80 andthe ZERO EMISSIONS ROADMAP TECHNICAL REPORTS81, evaluatethe feasibility of zero emission technologies, providedemonstration opportunities for zero emissiontechnologies, and draft a plan with milestones, deadlines,and implementation measures.Percentage of truck trips to and fromthe Port of Los Angeles that are zeroemission truck tripsIncrease zero emission truck trips to and from the Portof Los Angeles to 60% by 2021, including 100% of thetruck trips to and from near dock rail yards by 2017.Implement the portion of the Port of Los Angeles Board ofHarbor Commissioners STRATEGIC PLAN FOR 2012 TO 2017that calls for an action plan to be completed by 2014 toincrease natural gas and electric truck trips.82Include a zero emission component in every new project atPOLA.Annual PM, NOx, and SOx emissionsfrom oceangoing vessels, cargohandlingvehicles, and heavydutyvehicles (tons/year)Fully implement the SAN PEDRO BAY PORTS CLEAN AIRACTION PLAN as updated in 2010 to keep the Port of LosAngeles on track to reduce annual emissions of DPMby 77%, NOX by 59%, and SOX by 93% by 2023(relative to 2005 levels).Implement the measures outlined in the SAN PEDRO BAYPORTS CLEAN AIR ACTION PLAN, including imposing controlmeasures on oceangoing vessels, heavy duty vehicles,locomotives, and cargohandling equipment; establishing aforum for research and development of emissionsstrategies; and expanding emissions monitoring.30 December 2012 34. INDICATORS TARGETS KEY IMPLEMENTATION MEASURESUpdate the CLEAN AIR ACTION PLAN withmeasures to address the overallsustainability of the PortUpdate the CLEAN AIR ACTION PLAN to improve thesustainability of the Port, with measures to increaseenergy efficiency, increase the use of renewableenergy, decrease greenhouse gas emissions, andincorporate a zero emission component in all newportrelated projects.Build upon the SAN PEDRO BAY PORTS CLEAN AIR ACTION PLAN.83Cancer risk from Portrelated PMemissionsSignificantly reduce cancer risk from Portrelated PMemissions in communities located in and proximate tothe Port region.Implement the measures outlined in the SAN PEDRO BAYPORTS CLEAN AIR ACTION PLAN.84Health risks from railrelated emissions Reduce incompatible land uses that locate new portterminals or rail yards in close proximity to homes,schools, or other sensitive receptors.Prioritize ondock rail in Port expansion planning, if morerail capacity is needed by the Port.Build or expand ondock rail capacity and do not build orexpand rail yards located in adversely impactedcommunities.Plan to ensure that oceangoing vesselsmeet ECA requirementsAccelerate the implementation of the North AmericanEmission Control Area (ECA) by developing a plan toensure that oceangoing vessels calling at the Porthave access to the fuels and services necessary tomeet ECA requirements.Incorporate in the plan fuels and services such asinexpensive services to clean scrubbers, purchase area forselective catalytic reduction, and access to liquefied naturalgas for those vessels that have converted to natural gas.Air Pollutants from the Los AngelesWorld Airports (Los AngelesInternational Airport, LA/OntarioInternational Airport, Van Nuys Airport)Lead Agency: Los Angeles World Airports (LAWA)Percentage of LAWA fleet vehicles,airport shuttles, and taxis that are zeroemission or alternative fuel vehiclesSignificantly increase percentage of LAWA fleetvehicles that are zero emission by 2021.Increase percentage of LAWA fleet vehicles that arealternative fuel vehicles or comparable to 100% by2015, increase percentage of airport shuttles that arealternative fuel vehicles or comparable to 50% by2015, and increase percentage of taxis that arealternative fuel vehicles or comparable to 10% byEstablish and implement a zero emission target for LAWAfleet vehicles for 2021, set target date to achieve a 100%zero emission date.Achieve the targets in the LOS ANGELES WORLD AIRPORTSSUSTAINABILITY REPORT JUNE 2011.85Only allow alternative fuel taxis to serve passengers, andthen only allow zero emission taxis to serve passengers.VISION221LA 31 35. INDICATORS TARGETS KEY IMPLEMENTATION MEASURES2015.Increase percentage of ground serviceequipment powered by electricityConvert 100% of diesel ground service equipment toelectrical equipment or to the cleanest technologyavailable by 2015.Achieve the targets in the LOS ANGELES WORLD AIRPORTSSUSTAINABILITY REPORT JUNE 2011.86Reduce VOC emissions from the airportas compared to 2010 levelsReduce volatile organic compound (VOC) emissionsfrom the airport by 10% from 2010 levels by 2015.Achieve the targets in the LOS ANGELES WORLD AIRPORTSSUSTAINABILITY REPORT JUNE 2011 by following California AirResources Board standards for using lowVOC products,including solvents, and limiting idling time of offroaddiesel vehicles to 5 minutes.87Collaborative between LAWA, the U.S.Military, research universities, and theaerospace industry to expand the use ofadvanced biofuels and other emergingtechnologies in and around the airportcomplexesEstablish a collaborative between LAWA, the U.S.Military, research universities, and the aerospaceindustry to expand the use of advanced biofuels andother emerging technologies in and around the airportcomplexes.Mayors office takes the lead to establish the collaboration.32 December 2012 36. VISION221LA6. ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICEThe effort to transform Los Angeles into a more healthy and livablecity must contain steps to eliminate environmental health disparitiesbetween communities. In Los Angeles, hazardous facilities andcorridors for goods movement are located primarily in lowincome,minority communities, such as Boyle Heights, the Figueroa Corridor,Pacoima, Watts, and Wilmington, burdening these communities witha disproportionate share of our environmental pollution. Residents ofthese vulnerable toxic hotspot communities are exposed toparticulate matter and air toxics, which aggravate asthma andcontribute to heart attacks, cancer, lung disease, premature death,and preterm births.88 These same communities contain a largenumber of sensitive land uses, such as homes, childcare centers,hospitals and schools, and harbor populations most vulnerable to theadverse health effects of air pollution, like children and the elderly.Los Angeles needs to address the cumulative impacts of thecombined emissions and discharges from all sources in toxic hotspotcommunities. Municipal government has a number of powerful toolsat its disposal. Improvements in land use planning and zoningcontrols, increased enforcement capacity, and targeted economicdevelopment can ensure that all neighborhoods in Los Angeles have ahealthy future.Los Angeles has begun to take steps in this direction. The GeneralPlan for the City contains a policy to ensure the fair treatment of allpeople of all races, cultures, incomes and education levels withrespect to the development, implementation and enforcement ofenvironmental laws, regulations, and policies.89 In addition, the CityCouncil is considering a Clean Up Green Up (CUGU) policy to create,on a pilot basis, overlay districts or Green Zones in threeoverburdened communities: Pacoima, Wilmington, and BoyleHeights. The CUGU policy elements target funding and otherincentives to encourage local businesses to clean up and green up,and to attract new green businesses to the Green Zones; assureimproved and more coordinated enforcement of current regulations;apply a set of specific conditions to new and expanded commercialand industrial uses; safeguard against the introduction of sensitiveuses into industrial districts; and put in place a management systemto assure the effective functioning of the policy within the Zones. LosAngeles next Mayor must ensure full and adequate funding for theCUGU pilot policy as a means to test this model and thoroughlyevaluate its effectiveness as a step prior to considering a broadereffort to address the problem of cumulative environmental impacts inLA.90It is important to note that environmental justice is highlighted hereas an individual goal area because of its importance in ourcommunity. It is also important to note that environmental justicemust be a factor in all City environmental and land use decisionVISION221LA 33 37. making. Achieving the targets outlined in other Vision 2021 LAcategories, including Air Quality, Transportation, Open Space & UrbanGreening, Waste, and Green Economy, will contribute toenvironmental justice in Los Angeles.GOALS:1. Reduce adverse cumulative environmental health impacts inoverburdened communities through improvements inzoning, land use planning, monitoring and enforcement, andmitigating hazardous land uses and mobile emissions.2. Continue and expand stakeholder engagement andparticipation in environmental decisionmaking.INDICATORS TARGETS IMPLEMENTATION MEASURESCumulative Impacts Lead Agencies: City Council, Mayors OfficePublication of a database measuringDevelop a public database measuring toxic releases andtoxic releases and identifyingidentifying environmental health exposures and risks in Losenvironmental health risks in LosAngeles at the neighborhood level.91Angeles at the neighborhood level.Draw upon existing screening and mapping tools.92Call upon local research universities to help the citydevelop, adopt and implement the data collectionand analytical tools needed to ensure that LosAngeles is making progress in environmental justice.Incorporate stakeholders and engage in publicoutreach.Environmental Health and Justiceelement in the General PlanIncorporate an Environmental Health and Justice elementinto the Citys General Plan.Coordinate with the Planning Department.Clean Up, Green Up (CUGU) Pilot Policy Lead Agencies: City Council, Mayors OfficePacoima, Boyle Heights, andWilmington are designated as pilotGreen Zones by 2013Development of relevant performancestandards for application in the GreenZones for: 1) new and expandedEnact the CUGU pilot policy by 2013 to create Green Zonesin the vulnerable communities of Pacoima, Boyle Heights,and Wilmington through overlay districts or similarmechanisms. The Green Zones elements: encourage localbusinesses to clean up; attract new green businesses;improve enforcement of current regulations; applystandards to new and expanded commercial and industrialDirect the City Attorneys Office to review anordinance for City Council action on CUGU.Through the City Council, enact and designate fundingfor the CUGU policy and programmatic elements.94Through the Mayors Office, endorse a City Councilaction on the CUGU policy and programmatic34 December 2012 38. INDICATORS TARGETS IMPLEMENTATION MEASUREScommercial and industrial uses and 2)uses; safeguard against the introduction of sensitive usessafeguarding the introduction ofinto industrial districts; and put in place a managementsensitive uses into industrial districtssystem to assure the effective functioning of the policy. 93Development of a program andprotocols for improved and morecoordinated enforcement of currentregulations in the Green ZonesEstablishment of an OmbudspersonOffice to coordinate economicdevelopment and implementation ofemissions compliance strategies in LosAngeles toxic hotspot communitieselements.Broaden the citys partnerships with the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, California Dept. ofToxic Substances Control, and SCAQMD, and exploreroles for LADWP, POLA, and the L.A. CommunityDevelopment Dept. in funding programs andimprovements to businesses and communities inGreen Zones that improve business operations,reduce cumulative adverse environmental impacts,and better the physical and economic environment inthese communities.Organize outreach and education campaigns to makebusinesses aware of available financial assistanceprograms from federal, state, and/or local agencies toupgrade technology towards achieving emissionsstandards compliance.Publication of a final evaluation reportwith recommendations regarding theCitywide strategy to addresscumulative impacts by 2017If the CUGU pilot program evaluation isfavorable, broader implementation ofthe CUGU program by 2021Develop and implement a formal evaluation of the CUGUpilot effort over a threeyear period following adoption ofthe implementing ordinance. If the evaluation of the CUGUpilot is favorable, implement the program in a broader set ofneighborhoods across the city by 2021.Evaluate the CUGU pilot initiative as the first step informulating a broader, citywide strategy to addressthe problem of cumulative impacts.Mayors Office secures funding and oversees theevaluation of the CUGU initiative.Brownfields Lead Agency: Bureau of Sanitation (BoS)Number of brownfield sites identified,Collaborate with state and federal entities to increase thetracked, and monitored by Cal/EPAsnumber of brownfield sites identified, tracked, andDepartment of Toxic Substancesmonitored by Cal/EPAs Department of Toxic SubstancesControl and/or the Regional WaterControl and/or the Regional Water Quality Control Board.Quality Control BoardSeek pilot project funding from U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency.Collaborate with U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency Region 9, Cal/EPAs Department of ToxicSubstances Control, and the Regional Water QualityControl Board.Expand the Citys provision of engineering services toVISION221LA 35 39. INDICATORS TARGETS IMPLEMENTATION MEASURESbrownfield assessment processes.Acres of brownfields remediated Help ensure the most polluted brownfields sites areremediated.Explore state and federal grant opportunities to funassessment and remediate brownfield sites.Assist property owners and communitybasedorganizations in navigating brownfield remediationregulations and redevelopment options.36 December 2012 40. VISION221LA7. WASTEBoth the State of California and City of Los Angeles are alreadypursuing aggressive goals to better manage waste and minimize theamount going to landfills. While properly managed landfills can bevaluable alternative energy sources, improperly managed landfills canrelease global warming gases and toxic leachates into theenvironment. Locally, urban landfills are reaching capacity, and it isnot anticipated that any more will be sited within Los AngelesCounty.95 Further, much of currently landfilled material can berecycled, reused, or composted. Recovering these materials from thewaste stream and reusing them locally would decrease our need fornonrenewables and other diminishing resources as well as provideopportunities for local green jobs.California State Assembly Bill 341 requires a 75 percent reduction instatewide solid waste landfilled by 2020.96 Los Angeles has alreadyachieved a diversion rate of 65 percent through better managementof recyclables, construction and demolition waste, and organics.97 LosAngeles adopted the RENEW LA plan, which aims to achieve zerowaste by 2025. RENEW LA defines zero waste as reduc[ing],reus[ing], recycl[ing], or convert[ing] the resources now going todisposal so as to achieve an overall diversion level of 90 percent ormore by 2025, and to dispose of only inert residual.98 It is alsocritical to ensure that any of the materials recovered from the wastestream that can be reused locally, are used locally.Increasing waste diversion rates will increase the need for relatedinfrastructure, such as mixed recycling facilities and alternative wastetechnology facilities.99 It is important to ensure that communitiesalready burdened with high concentrations of industrial activities donot also host the majority of these new facilities. A new wastestrategy should make certain that both the costs and the benefits ofany new infrastructure needed to achieve a zero waste goal areequally spread across all city communities.We endorse the plans outlined in RENEW LA that call for 87 percentwaste diversion by 2020 and 90 percent or more waste diversion by2025. Los Angeles can achieve these increased diversion rates underthe hierarchy of priorities set out in the California Integrated WasteManagement Act (A.B. 939): source reduction; recycling andcomposting; environmentally safe transformation100 and landdisposal.101 Further, we support the implementation of the exclusivefranchise system for waste collection from multifamily andcommercial properties in Los Angeles that was proposed by theBureau of Sanitation and recently supported by the City Council.102VISION221LA 37 41. GOALS:1. Divert 87%+ of waste from landfills by reducing the amount ofwaste generated, increasing the amount of reused andrecycled material, and developing and implementingalternative waste technologies.2. Improve environmental and public health by decreasingimproper disposal of household hazardous waste.INDICATORS TARGETS IMPLEMENTATION MEASURESSolid Resources Lead Agencies: Department of Public Works Bureau of Sanitation(DPWBoS), Mayors Office, City CouncilAmount of waste diverted (measuredby recycled, composted, etc.) fromcitycollected waste (residential up to4 units)Amount of waste diverted (measuredby recycled, composted, etc.) fromprivately collected waste (residentialgreater than 4 units and commercial)Amount of solid waste landfilledAmount of solid waste disposed percapita103Amount of commercial and industrialwaste recovered and reusedAchieve diversion rate from landfills for allmaterials from all sectors of 87%+.104Follow Zero Waste and the SOLID WASTE INTEGRATED RESOURCES PLAN toachieve a diversion rate of 87%+.105Implement the exclusive franchise system for waste collection frommultifamily and commercial properties in Los Angeles.106Implement and expand upon policies outlined in the RENEW LA plan.Direct flow of construction and demolition waste through Buildingand Safety project permit requirements to maximize materialrecovery.107Obtain a waste collection fee increase to fund projects to increasediversion rates.Target high waste areas for programs to reduce the volumes ofwaste generated.38 December 2012 42. INDICATORS TARGETS IMPLEMENTATION MEASURESNumber of alternative wasteImplement at least one alternative wastetechnology facilitiestechnology facility by 2021.Build at least one alternative waste technology facility and evaluatewhether more facilities are needed. If more than one facility is built,an analysis should be completed on the waste streams to make sureappropriate technology is used. There should be a limit of onefacility per wasteshed (seven total), sited in a manner that will notadd to the disproportionate impacts in communities adjacent to thefacility. Particular focus should be placed on facilities for processingorganic waste (e.g., composting or anaerobic digestion). Further,these facilities must comply with the most stringent local, state, andfederal environmental standards.Study the efficacy of waste conversion at each facility.Ensure that these facilities are only used for materials that cannot bereused or recycled.Number of establishments usingsingleuse paper and plastic bags orexpanded polystyrene food packagingBan singleuse paper and plastic bags, blownpolystyrene food packaging, and expanded orextended foams such as Styrofoam at retailestablishments by 2017.Expand the ban on polystyrene foam from City facilities108 tocitywide, and include expanded polystyrene food packaging by 2017.Implement a plastic bag ban by mid2013.Annual funding for litter and debriscleanup in communities underservedby litter cleanup programs ($/year)Significantly increase litter and debris cleanupin streets, alleys, catch basins, and vacant lotsin communities underserved by litter cleanupprograms.Explore avenues to increase funding for litter and debriscleanup incommunities underserved by litter cleanup programs.Work with other community and professional organizations toincrease volunteer cleanup programs in these areas.Composting & Green Waste Lead Agency: DPWBoSAmount of waste compostedIncrease composting and green wasteNumber of compostable and greencollection to achieve overall diversion ratewaste dropoff sitesfrom landfills for all materials from all sectorsof 87%+.Number of restaurants and grocerystores with access to composting binsPercentage of Los Angeles restaurantsEstablish a fund to pay for composting through Sunshine CanyonHost fees.109Include compostables and green wa