ubuntu
TRANSCRIPT
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Ubuntu
羅珮綺
姚宇謙
王韻茹
林瑞明
杜穎
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OPEN SOURCE
linux
Ubuntu簡介
Ubuntu和其他GNU/linux
的比較
Ubuntu發展史
Ubuntu現況、未來發展
作業系統架構
DEMO
Q&A
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1. Free Redistribution2. Source Code3. Derived Works4. Integrity of The Author's Source Code5. No Discrimination Against Persons or
Groups6. No Discrimination Against Fields of
Endeavor7. Distribution of License8. License Must Not Be Specific to a
Product9. License Must Not Restrict Other
Software10. License Must Be Technology-Neutral
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Richard Stallman →1983,
GNU Project「自由地使用、複製、
修改和發佈」
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1.可以在任何目的之下自由地使用這些程式2.可以自由地研讀這些程式是如何運作的,並且各取所需
3.可以自由地在散佈拷貝版,以協助週遭的人4.可以自由的修改程式,並且將改善的部份公開發表,受惠整個社會
GNU宣言
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1991Linus Torvalds
↓Freax
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↓Freax
1991Linus Torvalds
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Mark Shuttleworth, 2004/10/20
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很短的更新週期六個月
LongTermSupportSince 6.06
3~5年
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和 Debian一樣使用 .deb的軟體包格式
和 Debian一樣使用 apt-get指令
可以安裝大部分的 Debian軟體套件
那,我幹嘛用Ubuntu?
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i386 POWER PC
AMD64 UltraSPARC UltraSPARC T1
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人性化的桌面應用介面
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自行加強 Kernel
無法直接以最高權限管理者登入
系統相關指令強制 sudo
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錯誤回報機制
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易用性 國際化
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Ubuntu Fedora SUSE Gentoo Mint
2004-10 2003-11 1994 2002-3 2006-8
• PC• 伺服器• Smart
phone
• 商務行政伺服器
• 教學用• 企業雲端平台 • 檔案伺服器 • 商業用途
• 介面簡單容易操作
• 安裝簡單快速• 病毒少
• 網管與安全性佳
• 應用功能較多且新
• 安裝簡便• 安全性高• 系統穩定
• 提供多平台支持
• 高度自定性
• 易於安裝• 介面似於微軟
• 更新太頻繁• 使用者介面不穩定
• 介面不夠人性化
• 軟體安裝困難• 實驗軟體
BUG多• 支援 JAVA不完善
• 高技術性
• 安裝不易• 安裝過程過久• 更新 BUG多• 必須熟悉
Linux
• 硬體支援不足
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• 規律推出新電腦版 OS,估計明年四月將推出 14.04版• 推出手機 OS系統現在
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• 2014年第一季發布 Ubuntu Edge,第二季 Ubuntu平板預計上市• 和中國大陸合作,開發國家作業系統基準架構
未來
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By C語言POSIX標準
Display
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顯示器視窗管理員
Display
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圖像生成自由軟體平台
Display
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使用者介面應用程式
Display
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Termial
GUI
Unity
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basic
3.11.0-12.19v3.11.3 upstream Linux
fromkernel
process SymmetricMultiprocessing
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processthread
fork()exec()clone() For creating threads
For creating processes
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scheduling
SCHED_OTHERStandard Robin Round Scheduling
SCHED_BATCHFor "batch" Style Execution of Processes
SCHED_IDLEFor Running Very Low Priority Background Jobs
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Real-timescheduling
Real time range0~99
Nice value100~140
The lower value, the higher priority
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kernelsynchronization
SpinlocksFor locking the kernel since it’s preemptive
SemaphoresTo control accessing of a common resource
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memoryallocating
ZONE_DMA0~16mb
ZONE_NORMAL16~868mb
ZONE_HIGHMEM868mb~
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Firewall netfilterWhitelist & Blacklist
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Security
AuthenticationPluggable Authentication Modules
Access ControlUser/Group/the Rest
Execute(x)/Write(w)/Read(r)
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Security
EncryptionTo Encrypt the /home folder
KeyringTo collect all the password of a user
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demo
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① Operating System Concepts, 8th edition, International stucent version,
Abraham Silberschatz, Peter B. Galvin, Greg Gange, Wiley 2010
② https://help.ubuntu.com/11.04/installation-guide/i386/what-is-
ubuntu.html
③ https://help.ubuntu.com/11.04/ubuntu-help/unity-introduction.html
④ http://www.linux.com/news/featured-blogs/171-jonathan-corbet/
421304-2638-making-things-just-work
⑤ https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UsingTheTerminal
⑥ https://help.ubuntu.com/6.06/ubuntu/desktopguide/C/linux-
basics.html
⑦ http://www.kernel.org/doc/gorman/html/understand/
understand005.html
⑧ http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/natty/man8/init.8.htm
⑨ https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SaucySalamander/ReleaseNotes
Q&A