ubiquitous network: the next networking paradigm beyond...
TRANSCRIPT
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NOMS2004
Ubiquitous Network: The Next Networking Paradigm beyond Internet
April 21, 2004
Tomonori Aoyama
The University of Tokyo
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Contents
Trend of IT Evolution
What is ubiquitous XXX ?
Examples of Ubiquitous Network Research
Direction of a New Network Paradigm
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Security
IT Evolution
UbiquitousExpansion of Variety
BroadbandExpansion of BW
IPv6Expansion of Address
Digital Camera Keitai with CameraDigital TVDigital Cinema
RFID Tag Sensor
Robot Consumer
Electronics
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What is Ubiquitous ?
- Anytime, anywhere, anything Now, here, this !
- Full mobility support
- Terminals: Computer & Communication devices
+ Consumer electronic devices
+ All kinds of goods, food, animals,・・・・
- Real world + Virtual world Super world ?
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Desk-top PC Consumer Electronics
Note PC Household System
PDA Car Navigation System
Server Robot
Cellular Phone
IC Card
RFID
Wearable Device
Sensor
The devices to be connected will determine the ubiquitous network properties
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RFID Sensor
Integration of the Real World with a Virtual World
A ubiquitous society is a new environment that integrates the real world with a virtual world
Virtual World
Real World
Information and Services
Information and Services
Super World
Network
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Key Appliances in Ubiquitous Networks
RFID Tag
Sensor
Cellular Phone
Robot ( Actuator )
Impact on Network Architecture
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Sensor and Sensor network
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U3: sensor network testbedResearch of AML
• Wireless off-the-shelf sensor node
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Demo Video of U3
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Basic Structure of a Sensor Network
Ian F. Akyildiz etc,”A Survey on Sensor Networks”, IEEE Comm. Mag., pp.102-114, August 2002
•Wireless communication: Large errors
• Low power consumption• Low computational capacity,
small memory• Infinite number
A node called a sink collects the data
Users send queries to the sensor via the Internet or another network
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• The proliferation of mobile computing devices allows any user to fetch content and access services everywhere. On the other hand, the objective of context-aware computing aims at personalized services based on the user’s situation, preference, etc.
• In our project, we seek a new content delivery paradigm for mobile devices based on users’preference, environmental and physiological states.
• We monitor users’ context with a set of off-the-shelf worn sensors. The monitored context includes user’s location, environmental situation and physiological states. This information is then used to trigger a notification to the user’s content as well as the content selection.
Goal: A Context Aware Content Delivery Service
Sensor
NetworkContext
Contents
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Context Inference:sensor data abstraction on the resource limited devices
Accel. Meter•Used MICA•Wrists, Ankles, Waist•X�CY 2 axis 10bit in depth
Sensor Array•A/D Conversion using PIC•Record data in PC
GPS:To obtain locat ion
HumidityHumidityMotion
Alcohol
BrightnessUV
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Experiment:Context inference using tiny off-the-shelf sensors.
Acceleration Sensor
time
Moving A
verage
Environmental Sensor
time
Sensor Reaings
UVHumidityBrightnessTemp
I: RunningII: WalkingIII: Standing Still
user’s situation (a user is in indoor, outdoor, in the train, with the possibility of 95%)
stopping, walking, or running (90%). standing or sitting (100%)
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Application:A User Navigation system CoCo
• CoCo: a context-aware user navigation system – CoCo system aims at navigating users in Jimbo-cho, the largest book market of the
central Tokyo.
• Content recommendation using the user context and preference
40Bookshop2
60Bookshop1
80Cafe2
100Cafe1
ContentsRank
Context_Preference_Vector = (pref1, pref2, pref3, … ,Context1, Context2,… )
Context Preference Vector
Relevance Table…055…10300Bookshop2
……51000Bookshop1
…-10005…00105Cafe2
…-10005…00510Cafe1
…Context3 Context2Context1 …Preference4
Preference3
Preference2
Preference1
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Prototype Implementation:
•objective of the visit•preference•time of the day•Location•context
CalculateContentsRank
Contents / Navigation map
Accel SensorLaptopPCIn the bag
Arrival of the contents is notified with a beep sound
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Ubiquitous Monster: Ubimon
Virtual World
Real world
Players catch monsters moving in real world
Monsters live in virtual world
Monsters are controlled by real world data
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Acquisition of data for game
Detction of real world Detction of player’s
action
Detction of players(Spider)
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Demo Video of Ubiquitous Monster: Ubimon
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RFID in ubiquitous Networks
OperationStore information related to a product in a database together with the tag identifier attached to the productControl the reader to obtain the tag identifier within the transmission rangeUse the tag identifier to obtain the information for the product to which the tag is attached from the database
RFID Tag Reader
Antenna
id
query: id
information
id
command
id
interrogation
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Demo Video of RFID
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Key Functions required for Ubiquitous Networks
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Ubiquitous Network Middleware:STONE
User requirement
Interface-basedService Description
(Service Graph)
Service resolver network
SRSR
SRSR
SRSR
Internet
User requirement is converted Into service graph
Functional objects
Service
Dynamic binding
自動登録 Synthesized Service
Proposal by AML
Name resolving and Routing
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Service Synthesis
Collect appropriate modules / components
Connect themThe InternetThe Internet
Multiple NamingSystem
ServiceSynthesizer
Name Resolution
Name ServiceComponent
CameraFO
DisplayFO
DisplayFO
CameraFO
Transcoder
ComposedService
Service Graph for Video Conference System
Use “Naming”
Ubiquitous Network Middleware:STONE
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Merits of name-based routing
“The nearest displayto the user” Data (JPEG Image, etc…)
MNSS
MNSS
MNSS
MNSS
MNSS
MNSS
MNSS
SenderFO
• Even if the nearest display has changed, the sender FO need not to be aware of the change of the destination FO.
Example: Display presentation image at the nearest display Sender FO (Power Point Sender) sends the following packet.
Resolver routes the packet to the destination FO while resolving names in the packet's header.
FO: Functional Object
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Current service access
Please give me the contents Y on the address X.
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Ubiquitous Service Access
Please give me the contents Y.
Server
Replica/Cache
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Demo Video of STONE
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Session management is separated fromdata transfer process
Association
ApplicationPresentation
TransportNetwork
Data LinkPhysical
Session Session
Service Handoff
Data Channels
Session layer protocol maintains services regardless of heterogeneity
Proposed by AML
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構成図
ApplicationLayer
Session Layer
Transport /Network
Layer
Control Channel Data Channel
SLLibrary
Application
TCP/ UDP - IP
SLSocket
Socket
Management Terminal Data Terminal
TCP/ UDP - IP
Socket Manager
Session Manager
Socket Socket
Synchronize Session Information
SessionTable
ReferRegisterUpdate
Inform Inform
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Mobile communication is one of the key
technologies for ubiquitous network
What is 4G ?
- 4G means high speed physical layer. Yes
- 4G means all IP-based cellular phone. Yes
- 4G means seamless mobile environment to cover
heterogeneous networks. Yes
- 4G means a mobile network with ubiquitous networking
capability. Yes
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Direction of 4G
A. Mobile Ubiquitous with Ubiquitous Gateway
over IP-based Network DoCoMo Proposal
B. End-to-end IP over Cellular Network Infra.
C. Connection of WiFi with End-to-end IP
D. Combination of A, B and/or C
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4G Radio Access
4G Network Network
Ubiquitous WorldUbiquitous World
4G Architecture using Ubiquitous GW
Mobile WorldMobile World GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
Extend 4G Network putting Gateway (GW) on its edge Source: NTT DoCoMo
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Integration of broadband Internet
and 4G cellular core network
WLAN
Broadband Internet
・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・
Sensor
Network
FTTH
4G Cellular
Divergence & Convergence
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A video to show ubiquitous applications
in 2008
Small Stories in 2008
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Characteristics of Ubiquitous Networking
Variety of Contents ⇒ from 100 b to1Tb
Human handling machine ⇒ goods, food, animals, etc.
Traffic ⇒ A few percent of total users occupy
80-90 % of total traffic.
Scale of Web ⇒ Huge Portal Site to Tiny Home Page
World of Power Law p(k) = k - γ
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K M GTraffic [pages/day]
K
M
G
T
P
Yahoo300 M pages/day
Internet TV Guide11 M pages/day
Expansion of the World Wide Web
Con
tent
Cap
acity
SDTV relayDVD=Several GB
Web average=10 kB/page
MP3=Several MB/db
DigitalCinema=Several hundred GB
Content commerce
Digital delivery
HDTV relay
Cinema delivery
B2C
B2B
[bit]
Ubiquitous Society Content
Expansion of sensor networks
S2M
P2P
38BW requirements
#users
C
A
B
ADSL GigE
A. Lightweight users, browsing, mailing, home useNeed full Internet routing, one to many
B. Business applications, multicast, streaming, VPN’s, mostly LANNeed VPN services and full Internet routing, several to several + uplink
C. Special scientific applications, computing, data grids, virtual-presenceNeed very fat pipes, limited multiple Virtual Organizations, few to few
ΣA ≈ 20 Gb/s
ΣB ≈ 40 Gb/s
ΣC ≈ 100 Gb/s
Source: Cees de Laat, UvA
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Heterogeneous Networking Environment
Cellular PhonePortability AnytimeConnectivity Anywhere
Wireless LANHot-sot connectivityLow cost base station
Sensor NetworkConnection between real world and virtual world Small data, but large number of sensors
Ad-hoc NetworkTemporal networking for special purposes such as emergency occasions, military applications, etc.
Personal Area NetworkBluetooth, Zigbee, IrDA, ・・・
Short reachLow cost
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World of Power Law Power Law appears in the critical phenomena
Solid ⇒ Liquid ⇒ Gas
Magnetization
Super Conductive State
Critical Phenomena is appearing in the Internet !
Random Scale-free
P(k)=k-γ
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Direction of a new network paradigm
Reach ability
Physical layer : Sensor network, 4G, PAN, ・・・
Aggregation : Aggregation other than packet is needed.
Flow-based control, Optical Burst、・・・
Collaboration among protocol layers
Improvement of service performance and quality
Overlay network
Rich middleware
Service mobility support in heterogeneous networks
Naming system
Security functions
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Structure of JGN II
NW-A : OAM NW
NW-B : Tera b/s core networking
GMPLS Control
10G (1G×8)
10G
Kitakyushu Kanazawa
10G10G
10G×2
10G Tsukuba
Otemachi
CRL Keihanna
CRLKoganei
10G
10G
CRLKashima
10G
Sendai
Sapporo
1G
1G
Nagano
Kochi Nagoya1G 1G
1GFukuoka
Dojima
10G (1G×8) 10G
(1G×8)
1G
Okinawa
10G10G
(1G×8)
Okayama
CRLKobe
1G
Kanazawa
Kanazawa
Fukuoka
Fukuoka
Dojima
Dojima
Okayama
Otemachi
Kitakyushu
CRLKeihanna Tsukuba
CRLKashima
TsukubaOtemachiDojima
CRLKeihannna
Dark Fiber NW : Photonic Networking
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Conclusion
- Power law is occupying Internet
- Uncontrollable using single architecture
and protocol
- New network paradigm is required
- Ubiquitous Network Beyond IP
44Thank you for your Attention !
Univ. of Tokyo
Campus
Thank you for your attention !
http://www.mlab.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Univ. of Tokyo
Hongo Campus