ubiquitous location - institute of navigation · 2014-09-16 · scientific market into mainstream...

1 Copyright © 2014 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved

Ubiquitous Location:challenges and opportunities of enabling all-day, everywhere location for all mobile platforms

CSNC, Nanjing

May 22, 2014

Greg Turetzky

2 Copyright © 2014 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved

Abstract: Ubiqitous Location: challenges and opportunities of enabling all-day,

everywhere location for all mobile platforms from cars to tablets to watches.

GPS became a commercially viable location technology in the early 1980s.

Over the ensuing 30 years, GPS products have evolved from a primarily military and

scientific market into mainstream consumer products. It is estimated that over 1 billion

GPS chips are now shipped every year. And yet, there are still new frontiers to conquer.

GPS has evolved to GNSS and now the challenge is simply location, and in particular,

indoor location. This talk will focus on the unique challenges of indoor location both

from an application perspective and a silicon technology perspective to meet the

opportunity presented by having location in every device that moves.

3 Copyright © 2014 Intel Corporation. All rights reservedCopyright © 2014 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved

Agenda

• Opportunity

• GNSS market history

• The new opportunity: Indoor Location

• Challenges

• Specifications and KPIs

• Silicon

Copyright © 2014 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved

Opportunity


GNSS market history

• GNSS penetration worldwide increased from 5% in 2006 to 20% in 2012.

• Global shipments of GNSS-enabled LBS devices have grown from 150 million to 800 million in the last five years (40% CAGR).

Source: GSA GNSS Market Report


GNSS market continues to grow at a rapid pace

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Un

its

(bill

ion

s)

Installed base of GNSS devices by region

EU27 North America Rest of the World

CAGR: 22%

CAGR: 9%



GNSS – Multi Constellation Trends



GNSS Market Segment - By Revenue



Major shifts in underlying platforms

Time MainVolumePlatform

KeyUseCase

FeaturedSpecification

SecondarySpecification

Early 2000s PND Urban Canyon Sensitivity TTFF

Mid 2000s Feature Phone

E911 TTFF Sensitivity

2010 - today SmartPhone

LBS ActivePower

Availability(MultiGNSS)

Coming Soon Wearables ContinuousLocation

AveragePower

Availability(Hybrid)


Alternative Location Technology ShipmentsWorld Market, Forecast: 2010 to 2018

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

(Mill

ions)

Celluar

Bluetooth-enabled

Wi-Fi-enabled

NFC-enabled

GPS-enabled

Inertial Sensors

Audio

Other (Nextnav, Boeing, etc.)

Source: ABI Location Technologies Market Data


Wearable Computing• Smart Watches• Clothing• Sports/Fitness trackers• Healthcare Monitors• Glasses/Goggles• Cameras


Indoor Location Technology Installations, Split by Vertical Market

World Market, Forecast: 2010 to 2018

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Mill

ion

s

Other

Shopping Center Malls

Universities/Educational Institutions

Sports Venues/Stadiums

Hotels/Resorts

Airports

Small Retail Stores

Dining/Beverage

Food and Grocery

Source: ABI Location Technologies Market Data

Highly fragmented supplier base

And a complex value chain• Chipset vendors• OS Providers• Device OEMs• Service Providers• Application Developers• Venue operators


Opportunity summary

• The market opportunity for location is clearly huge and still growing

• It has expanded from GPS to GNSS and now to Location

• Indoor location is the next big opportunity

• Not as a standalone opportunity, but rather because it enables “always located” capability

• Always located is a requirement for devices that are always with us and always need context

• Phones, tablets, wearables and internet of things are good examples of known needs

Copyright © 2014 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved

Challenges


Specifications and KPI

• Remember ION-STD-101: Recommended Test Procedure for GPS Receivers (Jan 1997)

Importance to Customer

Test type Setup WhenPublished

Indoor Devices

Initialized TTFF Coarse Pos/TimeNo Eph

High Not applicable

Warm Start Coarse Pos/TimeEph

Medium Low

Reacq Static vs. Block Time High Low

Static accuracy Surveyed benchmark Medium Low

Dynamic Accuracy Moving vehicle Medium High

RFI In band, loss of lock Low High

• Most of these no longer apply and new ones have arisen in their place


Requirements Summary

• Always located creates new requirements for devices

• Availability at 100%

• Multi-technology fusion since no single technology can achieve this in a reasonable infrastructure cost

• Power consumption that allows a minimum of 16 hours of usage (full day) between charges

• Standby power is MORE important than active power

• Accuracy that can vary to support multiple applications

• Size constraints driven by wearables


Impacts of new requirements on silicon design

• Standby power reduction impacts

• SRAM is the leakiest component of typical design

• Needs to be reduced or ideally eliminated

• Non-continuous fix methods

• Ability to quickly save and restore state information

• Hybrid location solutions

• Support measurements from multiple radios

• Need to share radios, not duplicate chains

• Increased integration of of multiple radios on single die

• Need more interference rejection capability

• Ability to support concurrent radio operation on single die


2 Year Technology Cycles

90 nm

2003

45 nm

2007

65 nm

2005

32 nm

2009

22 nm

2011


1

10

100

1000

10000

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

nmMicron0.7x every

2 years45nm

22nm32nm

Transistor Scaling improve performance

In GNSS, this means more gates and more memory for less cost. Improves TTFF and sensitivity by allowing more search capability


0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

2.0

um

1.5

um

1.0

um

.70

um

.50

um

.35

um

.25

um

.18

um

.13

um

90

nm

65

nm

45

nm

32

nm

22

nm

14

nm

Re

lative

Gate Delay (CV/I)

SwitchingEnergy(CV2)

Higher clock speed provide better search and more complex navigation algorithmsLower energy improves power consumption in full power tracking modes

Scaling also increases speed and reduces power


0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

2.0

um

1.5

um

1.0

um

.70

um

.50

um

.35

um

.25

um

.18

um

.13

um

90

nm

65

nm

45

nm

32

nm

22

nm

14

nm

Re

lative

Gate Delay (CV/I)

SwitchingEnergy(CV2)

IOFF

IJUNC

IGATE

But at the expense of increased leakage

This hurts standby power and the ability to save state for lower fix rates and fast restarts

Gate

Source Drain

Substrate

IOFF

IJUNC

IGATE


Transistor Performance vs. Leakage

GNSS requirements are looking more like low power than high performance

Low

er T

ran

sist

or

Leak

age

Lo

wer

Tra

nsi

sto

r Le

akag

e

Higher Transistor Performance (Switching Speed)Higher Transistor Performance (Switching Speed)

High Perf.

Std Perf.

Low Power

Ultra Low Power

32nm45nm1x

0.1x

0.01x

0.001x

65nm 22nm


Transistor Performance vs. Leakage

Low

er T

ran

sist

or

Leak

age

Lo

wer

Tra

nsi

sto

r Le

akag

e

Higher Transistor Performance (Switching Speed)Higher Transistor Performance (Switching Speed)

32nm45nm1x

0.1x

0.01x

0.001x

65nm 22nm

LaptopUltrabook™

Tablet

Pocket Device

Server

Desktop

Wider range of transistors to support a wider range of products


Design Challenges for GNSS

• Take advantage of benefits of smaller geometries

• Higher clock speeds, more memory, lower active power, smaller size

• While greatly reducing standby power from leakage

• New methodologies at chip and system design level

• Integrate multiple radios on single die to reduce cost and size

• Without creating interference to a very sensitive GNSS radio

• Integrate multiple radio sources into a single location solution

• Bring together a disparate value chain


Intel’s plan

• Bring our advanced silicon process technology to location

• Provide GNSS and Location silicon with best in class performance

• Bring our platform level integration capability to merge multiple location technologies

• Intel CPU cores provide ideal platform to integrate hardware and software for GNSS, BT, WiFi and cellular

• Bring this capability to multiple products from tablets and phone to wearables

• Ubiquitous location capability will improve the experience of every mobile product


[email protected] Connectivity Solutions

Legal Notices:Intel, the Intel logo, Ultrabook are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries.*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others

ubiquitous location - institute of navigation · 2014-09-16 · scientific market into mainstream...

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