ubiquitous computing – - the distributed systems group … · · 2003-12-30part of the european...
TRANSCRIPT
Sophia Antipolis Nov. 2001
Friedemann MatternETH Zurich
EEEETTTTHHHH EidgenössischeTechnische HochschuleZürich
Ubiquitous Computing –From Smart Devices to
Smart Everyday Objects
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From Smart Devices...
Electronic devices such as mobile phones, cameras, or CD players have become "smart" in recent years
They offer new functionsto the user that have been impossible previously
image source: IBM
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Coffee gets cold!
Water!
Message for Paddy!
Hug me!
Breakingnews!
Batteries low!
Lending period
expired!
Time for lunch!
...to Smart Everyday Objects?
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Outline
Visions and Trends of Ubiquitous Computing
Everything Smart
Implications
Friedemann Mattern, ETH Zurich
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Computing: A Clear Trend
One computer(PC) foreveryone
Manycomputersfor everyone
One computer(mainframe)for many people
Size Number
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The Trend… What‘s Next?
Manycomputersfor everyone Size
Number
smartdust?
© F. Ma. 8image source: “Die Zeit”
Ubiquitous Computing
Tomorrow everyday objects will become smart
embedded processors
...and they will all be interconnected
wireless communication
Today, the Internet connects all computers
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Processing speed and storage capacity double every 18 months
„cheaper, smaller, faster“
Exponential increasewill probably go on for the next 15 years at same rate
First Trend: Moore‘s Law
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Bit Storage Density
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Generalized Moore‘s Law
Most important technology parametersdouble every 1 – 3 years:
computation cyclesmemory, magnetic disksbandwidth
Problems:• increasing cost• energy
Consequence: scaling down
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Whole eras named after materialse.g., „Stone Age“
More recently: semiconductors, fibersinformation and communication technology
Organic semiconductorschange the external appearance
of computers„Plastic“ laser
opto electronics, flexible displays,…...
2nd Trend: New Materials
first transistor, 1947
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Electronic inkmicro capsules, white on one side and black on the otheroriented by electrical fieldsubstrate could be an array of plastic transistors
Potentially high contrast, low energy, flexible
Interactive: writable with magnetic pen
Example:Smart Paper, Electronic Ink
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Smart Paper, Electronic Ink
An electronically charged pencil rotates the “pixels”
Detailed view of the micro capsules
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Another Example:Soft Fabric User Interfaces
e.g., textiles that change conductivity when stretched
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3rd Trend: Progress in Communication Technologies
Bandwidth of single fibers ~ 10 Gbit/s2002: ~ 10 Tbit/s with wavelength multiplex
Powerline techniquecoffee maker „auto-matically“ connected to the Internet
Wirelessmobile phone: GSM, UMTS wireless LAN (> 10 Mbit/s)
Room networks , body area networks
A bluetoothmodule
Nostalgia
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Ubiquitous Information with Tomorrow‘s Wearables?
Headsets of mobile phones as jewellery?
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Ubiquitous Information –a Vision from 1895
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4th Trend: New Sensors
Miniaturized cameras, microphones,...
Fingerprint sensor
Radio sensorswithout power supply
Location sensorse.g., GPS
...POSITION N 047°
23’17’’E 008°
34’26’’
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All This Together Will Enable„Cooperating Smart Things“
Embedded processorsin everyday objectssmallcheaplightweight
Wireless communicationspontaneous networks
Sensors
Real world objects are enriched with information processing capabilities
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All This Together Will Enable„Cooperating Smart Things“
Embedded processorsin everyday objectssmallcheaplightweight
Wireless communicationspontaneous networks
Sensors
Real world objects are enriched with information processing capabilities
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Smart Objects
Can remember pertinent eventsthey have a memory
Show context-sensitive behaviorthey may have sensors
location / situation awareness
I‘msmart!
Are responsivecommunicate with their environmentnetworked with other smart objects
hello!
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Outline
Visions and Trends of Ubiquitous Computing
Everything Smart
Implications
Friedemann Mattern, ETH Zurich
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Smart-Its projectVision: enable everyday objects as smart interconnected information artifacts
by attaching „Smart-Its“ to them
Next generation of smart labelsprocessor & memory wireless communicationvarious sensors to perceive the environmentcheap, small, compact, autonomous
Part of the European „Disappearing Computer“ Initiative
Making Things Smart with Attached Components www.smart-its.org
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Smart-Its Prototype
Smart-Its module with Bluetooth-based communication
Prototype from ETH Zurich
Bluetooth
Atmelprocessor
Atmel microcontroller, 4 MIPS, 128 kB flash
Connection to sensors
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Interacting with Disappearing Computers?
Hold two artifacts (with attached Smart-Its) together –and shake!
image: TecO
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The shaking motion establishes a shared context (i.e., acceleration pattern) that no other devices will have
Shaking Two Objects Together Establishes a ”Friendship”
image: TecO
After the shared context has been established, the two devices can open a direct communication link
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A Possible Application:Child Watch
If the two objects are too far apart (e.g., radio communication breaks down), the user is notified with an audible ”beep”
Beep! Beep!
image: TecO
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Making Things Smart with Virtual Counterparts
Virtual world(Internet,Cyberspace)
Real world
virtual counterparts
pure virt. object(e.g. email)
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Virtual Counterparts asArtifact Memories
1) Aug. 3rd, 2001: ….2) Aug. 5th, 2001 10:34 …..3) Aug. 5th, 2001 10:37 ...4) ...
Virtual counterpartsact as memories for their real artifacts
Updates triggered by events
Arrived in room 564 Bayview Hotel
10:34, Sue K.opens bag
Sensors generate eventswho? where?when?
Queries from the real world return memory content
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Outline
Visions and Trends of Ubiquitous Computing
Everything Smart
Implications
Friedemann Mattern, ETH Zurich
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Responsive Objects
An objects tellssomething about itself
e.g., by displaying a dynamically generated homepage
Contentdepends on cirmumstances such as context and privileges
Cf. Cooltown project (HP)
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The Power of Directories
WWW server
Internet
Direc-tory
Label
Location
Context
DirectoryDirectory
Who operates directories?Who controls information and interpretation?Economic / legal / political issue?
Cf. Cooltown project (HP)
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How to Bridge the Gap Between the Real and the Virtual World?
?
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RFIDs („Smart Labels“)
Identify objects from distancesmall IC with RF-transponder
Wireless energy supply ~ 1 m magnetic field (induction)
ROM or EEPROM (writeable) ~ 100 Byte
Cost ~ € 0.1 ... € 1consumable and disposable
Flexible tagslaminated with paper
Chip (without antenna): ~ 2 mm x 2 mm x 10 µm (fits into 80 µm thick paper!)
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Advanced RFID Chips
image source: Hitachi
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A Context Sensitive Cookbook
Groceries are wrapped and equipped with RFID tags
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A Context Sensitive Cookbook
Place grocery items on the kitchen counter
Nearby display shows dishes that can be prepared with available ingredients
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Imagine an „Internet of Things“
„Silent commerce“ (Intershop)the ability of machines to conduct business transactions directly with other machines
„Imagine that...your products, your inventory or any of your physical assets could sense the characteristics of their environment, know their location and tell you about ityour products were self monitoring and could tell you when they were about to go outside of acceptable boundaries for temperatureyou could identify and track every product as it moves along your value chain, from the factory all the way to the consumer...“ (Accenture)
objects
objects
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Economic Impact of Ubicomp?(„Couple E-business with Star Trek Technology“)
Products that are fully integrated in information systemse.g., supply chain optimization
New digitally enhanced productse.g., networked weather-sensitive umbrellas, cooperating toys,...
New services („e-utilities“)e.g., management of smart devices at home, management of personal privacy,...
Detailed and timely knowledge of product location and life cycles, individual and dynamic prices for goods,...
e.g., milk bottle reduces its price with its age,higher taxes if product is transported by plane,...
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The M-Lab
„Mobility and Ubiquitous Computing Lab“
founded in July 2001
A common institution of ETH Zurich (polytechnical) and University of St. Gallen (business school) in Switzerland
collaboration with MIT Auto-ID Center (electronic product code,...)
Projects, industrial cooperations, and consultingbuild up a critical mass of highly qualified Ubicomp researchersidentifying and designing effective business applications based on Ubicomp technologies in life sciences, automotive, retail and logisticsfrom ideas to prototypes
www.m-lab.ch
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M-Lab Industrial Partners & Some Example Projects
Currently 7 partners, open to others, 200k CHF / year eachEx.: Automotive
how can spare parts of a car automatically determine the car‘s configuration?deliver spare parts that match the current configuration
Ex.: Pharmaceuticalswhat are the benefits from putting RFIDs on blisters?
www.m-lab.ch
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historically: industrialization, electricity, trains and automo-biles, electronic mass media
implies therefore eventually also ethical questions
social adaptation to technical impacts needs some time since this is an evolutionary process(willingness to learn, generational aspects,…)
General Impact of Ubicomp: Evolution vs. Revolution
Performance
Time
„revolutio-nary“ new applicationdomains
Technology and science have a major impact on our society and the world we live
Impact
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Privacy in a Ubicomp World?
Privacy is already a concern with the WWWwhat do they do with my personal data?are my page visits and mouse clicks analyzed?
Much more dramatic in a ubicomp world!many events of very elementary actions are registeredcould be assembled to perfect profiles
Bought on 20 Aug 2001; last travel: to London Sep 2003; contained shirt no. 1342 and 1349; was in Hotel Atlantic, room 317 on 17 Nov 2002 ...
- information fusion- data mining- search engines
How do we address these privacy issues?technical solutions, laws, social processes,…?more questions than answers!
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Conclusions
Ubiquitous computing technologies will have a major impact on our society and the world we live
Challengestechnical infrastructuresecurity, trust, dependability
Economic, social, cultural consequences?
whole new industry to build and manage an intelligent infrastructure?
The Internet only connected computers, now we begin to network all things
image: EUDisappearingComputerInitiative
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ETH Zürich & IBM Research www.pervasive2002.org
System architectures and platforms for pervasive computing Middleware and pervasive computing infrastructures Mobile, wireless, and wearable technologies Innovative small computing and intelligent devices Emerging applications and mobile business issues Scenarios for information appliances Service discovery protocols Content distribution and delivery User interfaces for invisible and embedded computing Context awareness Security and privacy issues
Paper submissions due February 22, 2002
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General ChairMahmoud Naghshineh, IBM Res.
Program ChairFriedemann Mattern, ETH Zurich
Program CommitteeEmile Aarts, Philips ResearchArndt Bode, TU MunichGaetano Borriello, Univ. of Washington and Intel Seattle Research LabDave DeRoure, University of SouthamptonOliver Haase, Bell Labs ResearchStefan Hild, IBM ResearchDirk Husemann, IBM ResearchPertti Huuskonen, NokiaAlan Jones, AT&T Laboratories Cambridge
Kazuhiko Kato, University of Tsukuba Tim Kindberg, HP LaboratoriesKazushi Kuse, IBM ResearchGerald Maguire, KTH StockholmJoachim Posegga, SAP Corporate ResearchApratim Purakayastha, IBM ResearchJun Rekimoto, SonyKurt Rothermel, University of StuttgartLarry Rudolph, MITBernt Schiele, ETH ZurichBill Schilit, Xerox Palo Alto Research CenterRoy Want, Intel Research
www.pervasive2002.org
