ubcg presentation revised final mongolia.ppt city group...-develop practical manuals and...
TRANSCRIPT
12/11/2013
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ULAANBAATAR CITY GROUP (UBCG)
Meeting on Environmental Statistics, 2-4 December, Bangkok, Thailand
B.BADAMTSETSEG, Director of Macro EconomicStatistics Department
OUTLINEOUTLINE
I. Introduction of UBCGI. Introduction of UBCG
II. Responsibilities of countries and international organizations
III. Main activities of UBCG
IV. Set of indicators for measuring the impact of mining sectormining sector
V. Future activities
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I. Introduction of UBCGI. Introduction of UBCG
- The UBCG is a joint initiative of the Mongolian andAustralian NSOs;
- UBCG on Statistics for Economies based on NaturalResources was established (UNSC 43th session,2012);
12 countries and 2 IO joined SC and 13 countries and- 12 countries and 2 IO joined SC and 13 countries and2 IO joined EG (still open for countries!!).
I. Introduction of UBCGI. Introduction of UBCG
Main goals of the UBCG:
- Play a leading role in developing methodological andpractical guidelines and recommendations by poolingbest theoretical and methodological practices;
- Serve as a platform for sharing the expertise ofnational and international statistical organizations andother interested parties;
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I. Introduction of UBCGI. Introduction of UBCG
Main goals of the UBCG (cont.d): g ( )- Collaborate with the UN and other agencies on
developing and improving statistical methodologiesand standards for statistics on natural resources andprovide support in this area;
- Develop practical manuals and recommendations thatensure coverage, reliability, accuracy and relevance ofstatistical data that are based on best practices.
I. Introduction of UBCGI. Introduction of UBCG
Four work streams were defined;
Work stream 1: Develop a harmonized system of standard indicators for data collection
Work stream 2: Assess the impact of the mining industry on economies and develop practicalindustry on economies and develop practical recommendations;
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I. Introduction of UBCGI. Introduction of UBCG
Wo k st eam 3 De elop methodologies and Work stream 3: Develop methodologies andindicators for assessing the impact of miningindustry on the social sector;
Work stream 4: Develop practical recommendations for measuring the impact of the mining industry on hthe environment.
II. Responsibilities of countries and II. Responsibilities of countries and international organizationsinternational organizations
Workstream 1Indicators
Workstream 2Economic impactIndicators
• Mongolia • Russia • UNIDO
p• Australia • CISTAT • Kazakhstan • Russia – (National
Accounts/Enterprise) • Iran
Workstream 3 Workstream 4 Social impact • Madagascar • Azerbaijan • Mexico • Kazakhstan • India
Environmental impact • China • Norway • Brazil • Vietnam
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III. Main activities of UBCGIII. Main activities of UBCG
The 1st meeting of the Group (20-22 August 2012,Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia);
Expanded Meeting of Group as a side event of the 44thsession of UNSC (25 Feb 2013, United Nations, NewYork);
The 1st Meeting of the Expert Group (19-20 June 2013,Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia);
A video conference of the Expert Group (20 June A video conference of the Expert Group (20 June2013);
The 2nd meeting of Steering Committee (17-18September 2013, Moscow, Russian Federation)
IV. Set of indicators for measuring the IV. Set of indicators for measuring the impact of mining sectorimpact of mining sector
- Mongolia drafted the set of statistical indicators (total214 indicators) to measure the impact of the miningindustry on the economy, society and environment;
- Above mentioned indicators were introduced andsupported during the regular Steering Committee andExpert group meetings.
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V. Future activitiesV. Future activities
- Hold an expanded meeting of UBCG during the 45thSession of the UN Statistical Commission in 2014;;
- Make a greater use of information technology such asvideo conferences and e-mails forconsultation/discussion of the Steering Committee andExpert Group;
- Provide support and stimulate activities of workstreams;streams;
- Prepare the manual with relevant cases and countrypractices and obtain suggestions of the group on thetitle of the manual.
THANK YOU FOR YOURTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Government Building IIIBaga Toiruu-44Ulaanbaatar 20а MongoliaUlaanbaatar-20а, MongoliaTel: (976)-51-263152Fax: (976)-11-324518 E-mail: [email protected]: http://web.nso.mn/ub_city_group/
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APPENDEX
The statistical indicators to measure the
impact of the mining industry on
the economy,
the social sector
the environment
I. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the economy
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
1. Measurement of mining - Total production of mining - Total production of the mining
production in terms of
quantity and value;
products, by value
- Total production of mining
products, by quantity
- Total production of mining
products by commodity
industry is total value of the
mining products produced in
current period.
2. Measurement of prices of
mineral commodities and
- Export and import unit price
of mining productsmineral commodities and
the impact of mineral prices
on the terms of trade, as
well as mining‐induced
terms of trade impacts on
the rest of the economy;
of mining products
- Export and import price index
of mining products
- Terms of trade index (ratio of
export price index to import
price index) *
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I. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the economy
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
3. Measurement of
intermediate
consumption in the
A. Fuel and electricity:
- Consumption of energy in the mining
industry, value and quantity
Intermediate consumption
consists of the value of the goods
and services consumed as inputsp
mining industry,
including energy
inputs;
y, q y
‐ Fuel by type
‐ Electricity
‐Purchased
‐From own production
B. Water:
- Consumption of the water in mining
industry, by volume and by source
‐ Surface water
‐ Ground water
p
by a process of mining
production. Of which, the cost of
energy consists of value of the
electricity and thermal energy
consumed in the production
process.
- Share of the consumption of water in
mining industry to total consumption of
water *
C. Purchase of materials and chemicals by
type (CPC) quantity and value:
‐Payment for services
I. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the economy
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
4. Measurement of mining - Total income of the mining Mining gross operating surplus is the
gross operating surplus; industry
- Total expenditure of the mining
industry
difference between total income and
expenditure or income before tax of
the mining activity at the current
period.
5. Measurement of mining
inventories;
- Fuels
- Materials and supplies
- Work in progress
Fi i h d d
Inventories are produced assets that
consist of goods and services, which
came into existence in the current
i d i li i d d- Finished goods
- Goods for resale
period or in an earlier period, and
that are held for sale, use in
production or other use at a later
date.
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Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
6. Measurement of mining
fixed capital investment (for
example, current and expected
di i l k
Value of gross fixed capital formation by type:
- Dwellings
- Other buildings and structures
- Machinery and equipment
Fixed assets are tangible or
intangible assets used repeatedly
or continuously in processes of
d i f h
I. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the economy
expenditure, capital stock,
capital services, consumption
of fixed capital expenditure)
- Machinery and equipment
o Off‐train / locomotive, wagon etc./
o Vehicle and rolling stock
Heavy vehicle for mining
transportation,
Heavy mechanism for
mining activity
Other transport equipment
- Cultivated biological resources
- Costs of ownership transfer on non‐
produced assets
production for more than one
year.
- Research and development
- Mineral exploration and evaluation
- Computer software and databases
- Entertainment, literary or artistic
originals
- Other intellectual property products
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
7. Measurement of - Portfolio investment is defined as cross
I. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the economy
financial investment
(including foreign
investment, both direct
and portfolio) and
associated incomes,
including retained
earnings;
- Financial investment
- Foreign direct investment
- Other investment
- State budget investment
- Private investment
- Cash flow
border transactions and positions
involving debt or equity securities, other
than those included in direct investment
or reserve assets.
- Foreign direct investment arises when
an investor resident in one economy
makes an investment that gives control
or a significant degree of influence on
the management of an enterprise that is
resident in another economyresident in another economy.
8. Measurement of impact
of mining on trade
statistics, including
coherency with production
statistics;
- Total sales of the domestic
trade sector
- Total sales of the mining
products at the domestic
market, by types of minerals
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Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
I. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the economy
9. Measurement of mineral
exploration, discoveries and
sub‐soil reserves;
- Total output of mineral
explorations, by types of
mineral, by physical quantity
- Number of discoveries, by
natural resources, by physical
quantity
- Soil resource, by physical
quantity
- Total output of mineral
explorations is the total
physical quantity of the natural
resources which is explored at
the current period.
- The number of the discoveries
is total deposits which is
discovered in the economicquantity discovered in the economic
territory.
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
I. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the economy
10. Measurement of the
impact of mining on
government finances,
including measuring of taxes
on mining;
- Corporation income tax
- Royalty
- Value added tax, repayment of VAT
- Fee for exploration and mining
special permit of the mineral
resources
- Other royalty
- Cumulative royalty
- Exports duties
- Contributions and donations to the
local government and individuals
from the mining enterprises
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Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
11. Measurement of
productivity in the
- Total productivity of mining
industry *
- The total productivity is calculated by the ratio of
the value added and the sum of the intermediate
I. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the economy
mining industry; - Total factor productivity of
mining industry *
- Labor productivity of mining
industry *
- Fixed capital productivity of
mining industry *
- Main raw material productivity
of mining industry*
- Electricity productivity of
mining industry *
consumption, labor (payment) and fixed capital
(consumption of fixed capital).
- The factor productivity is calculated by the ratio of
value added and the sum of the labor and capital
expenditure or the payment and consumption of
fixed capital.
- The labor productivity is calculated by the ratio of
value added and annual average number of
employees.
- The fixed capital productivity is defined by the
ratio of value added and consumption of fixed
capital.
- The main raw material productivity is determined
by the ratio of value added and the main raw
material expenditure for the production.
- The electricity productivity is determined by the
ratio of value added and the electricity costs.
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
12. Measurement of
construction activity
Construction, capital repairs and maintenances
associated with the mining industry. In which:
- Construction work
includes the activities
I. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the economy
y
associated with the
mining industry;
g y
- Residential building
- Non residential building
o House building industry
o Trade and service
o Hospital, school, cultural institutions
o Others
- General engineering construction
o Energetics
o Communication
of building of houses,
bridges, banks as
engineering
construction and
creating of fixed
capital, expansion,
repairs, restoration.
o Railway
o Road
o Bridge
o Dam, ditch, cable, network
o Minor works and other
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Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
12. Measurement of
construction activity
- Capital repairs and maintenances
o Energetics
I. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the economy
y
associated with the
mining industry;
g
o Communication
o Railway
o Road
o Bridge
o Dam, ditch, cable, network
o Minor works and other
Measurement
issuesAppropriate indicators Rationale, definition
13. Measurement
of impact of mining
- Freight turnover of the mining products, by mln ton km
o Railway
- Freight turnover is
estimated by multiplying
I. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the economy
on transportation; o Road
o Water
- Carried freight of the mining products, by ton
o Railway
o Road
o Water
- Passenger turnover of the mining employees, by
pass.km
o Railway
o Road
o Air
the total amount of the
weight of transported cargo
by the shipping distance.
- Passenger turnover is
measured by multiplying
the total amount of the
transported passengers by
the shipping distance.
o Water
- Passengers carried ‐ mining employees, by number of
people
o Railway
o Road
o Air
o Water
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Measurement
issuesAppropriate indicators Rationale, definition
13. Measurement
f i t f
- Freight turnover of the mining products per 1 km railway
l th b t k
I. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the economy
of impact of
mining on
transportation;
length, by ton km
- Freight turnover of the mining products per 1 km
improved auto road, by ton km
- Average intensity of traffic per day, by type of vehicle, by
conversion to light car from heavy vehicle
- Tarmac and macadam road, power capacity of road
construction, by value
- Power capacity of crossroad of railway, by value
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
14. Measurement of other
economic activity to
- Total supply, by
products and economic
- Production multiplier measures how
much the size of production of a
I. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the economy
y
support the mining
industry, including role of
input‐output analysis;
p
activities
- Total use, by products
and economic activities
- IOT analysis. In which:
o Production
multiplier, by
economic
activities*
o Income multiplier,
p
particular industry changes in response
to a change in final demand by 1 unit.
- Income multiplier measures how much
the income of a particular industry
changes in response to a change in final
demand by 1 unit.
- Labor multiplier measures how much
the number of employees changes in
response to a change in final demand
by economic
activities*
o Labor multiplier,
by economic
activities*
by 1 units.
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Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
14. Measurement of other
economic activity to
o Input multiplier, by
economic
- Input multiplier measures how much
the input or total expenditures change
I. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the economy
economic activity to
support the mining
industry, including role of
input‐output analysis;
economic
activities*
o Backward and
forward linkages,
by economic
activities*
- Energy consumption
matrix
- Environmental matrix
the input or total expenditures change
in response to a change in final demand
by 1 unit.
- Backward and forward linkages are the
way to compare the structure of
production of commodities of a
particular industry with the same
production of commodities and the
production of commodities of other
industries. It is seen that the industries
(based on green house
gases or other pollution
causes)
with the highest backward and forward
linkages (key sectors) are the most
effective industries.
Measurement issues Appropriate indicatorsRationale,
definition
15. Measurement of ‘down‐
stream’ economic impacts of
- The impacts of the mining to the other economic
industries' productions, especially:
I. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the economy
mining, including the
manufacturing of mineral
products;
o Total production of the electricity, gas, steam and
air conditioning supply
o Total production of the water supply; sewerage,
waste management and remediation activities
o Total production of the wholesale and retail trade;
repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
o Total production of the transportation and storage
o Total imports of the heavy machinery, mechanism
and equipments
16 Measurement of - The telecommunication indicators at the mining industry :16. Measurement of
infrastructure to support
mining activity;
- The telecommunication indicators at the mining industry :
o Telephone lines
o Transmitting TV stations
o Wired‐radio stations
o Cable television users
o Mobile phone subscribers
o Permanent internet subscribers
o Computers
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Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
I. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the economy
17. Measurement of
mining impact on national
income, including balance
of payments incomes
associated with mining
and measures of real gross
domestic income and real
net national disposable
income;
- Value added of mining sector, at current
and constant prices
- Annual change of value added of mining
sector
- The share of value added of mining sector
to the GDP
- GNI , at current and constant prices
- Annual change of GNI
- GNI per capita; p p
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
18. Measurement of national - Natural resource (oil, coal, natural gas,
I. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the economy
wealth;
( , , g ,
minerals etc.)
- Produced assets (machinery and
equipments, buildings and urban land)
- Human resource (number of employees)
19. Measurement of impact
of mining on regional
economies (including
regional prices and regional
- Consumer price index, by regions
- Housing price index, by regions
regional prices and regional
housing markets);
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Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
20.General measurement issues,
including dealing with
l i i l i
- Number of multinational enterprises at
the mining industry
I. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the economy
multinational enterprises,
dealing with confidentiality
issues, correction of ‘off year’
reporting, ensuring coherence of
information from different
sources and consistency thereof,
by developing a coordinated
approach to large mining
projects, measuring informal
mining activity);
- Number of mining companies with FDI,
percentage of FDI
- Main indicators of the artisanal mining
(total output, intermediate consumption,
value added, total tax paid, contributions
to the local government, number of
employees, land damage, remediation)
21. Measurement of the
procurement of nationally
produced goods and services;
- Total procurement of nationally produced
goods and services of the mining units
22. Standardization of units of
measure;
‐ USD, ton, barrel?
II. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the social sector
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
1. Labor force
1.1 Measuring
employment in the
mining industry
- Number of employees at the mining
sector
- Number of foreign employees at the
mining sector, by nationality
- Number of engineering and technical
staffs required newly in coming 3
years, by professions
- Employed means all citizens
engaged in economic activity
for pay (wages or salary) and
have an employment status.
Person who are engaged in
economic activity for pay for a
period of more than one week
can be regarded as employed.
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II. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the social sector
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
1 Labor force1. Labor force
1.2 Measuring the
demographic
characteristics of the
mining labor
- The demographic characteristics of the
mining labor:
o Number of family
o Age
o Sex
o Education
o Occupation
o Marital status
1.3 Measuring
employment in mining‐
related activities;
- Number of employees, by classification
of economic activities
- Number of employees at the mining
sector, by classification of occupations
II. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the social sector
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
1. Labor force1. Labor force
1.4 Measuring of the
impact of the supply of
labor on other parts of
the economy due to
changes in the demand
for labor from the mining
industry.
- Number of employees, by
classification of economic activities
- Labor productivity, by classification
of economic activities*
- Employment elasticity, by
classification of economic activities*
- Labor productivity is defined as
output per unit of labor input. It
is calculated by the ratio of value
added and annual average of
employees.
- The employment elasticity is
defined as the average
percentage point change in
employment for a givenemployment for a given
employed population group
associated with a 1 percentage
point change in output over a
selected period.
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II. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the social sector
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
2 Income2. Income
2.1 Measuring mining
wages and salaries,
total and averages;
- Total compensation of
employees of the mining
industry
- Monthly average wages and
salaries of employees of the
mining industry, by domestic
and foreign employees
- Real wage index of the
employees of the mining
i d t
- Wage and salary is consist of basic pay,
bonuses, compensation for hours of not
working and other payment.
- Average wages and salaries is proportion of
total amount wages and salaries granted
for employees and number of employees.
- Real wage index is nominal wage index
corrected for changes in purchasing power
measured by the consumer price index. It
i ti f i l i d dindustry is proportion of nominal wage index and
consumer price index of corresponding
year.
- A nominal wage index is proportion of
nominal wage of current period and
nominal wage of base period as expressed
percentage.
II. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the social sector
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
2. Income
2.2 Measuring the
distribution of mining
incomes, including
gender distributions.
- Monthly average wages and salaries of
employees of the mining industry, by sex
- Monthly average wages and salaries of
employees of the mining industry, by
classification of occupations
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II. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the social sector
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
3 H lth d d ti it3. Health and productivity
3.1 Measuring
workers conditions
and industrial
relations in the mining
industry;
- Occupational safety of the mining employees
(safety work wear and facilities etc.)
- Number of basic social services, access and
distance. In which: hospital, police, school,
kindergarden, bank, shop, hairdresser and beauty
salon etc.
3.2 Measuring mining - Number of employees of the mining industry, by3.2 Measuring mining
skills and capabilities,
including job
vacancies skill
shortages;
Number of employees of the mining industry, by
sex and education
- Number of employees of the mining industry, by
sex and profession
- Number of employees of the mining industry, by
classification of occupations
II. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the social sector
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
3. Health and productivity3. Health and productivity
3.3 Measuring the
impact of mining on
workers’ health and
the health of the
community generally.
- Life expectancy at birth, by sex and
regions
- Deaths, by sex, age group, level of
education and occupations
- Crude death rate, by regions
- The sex ratio at death, by regions
- Number of inpatients, by classification of
disease, by regions
- Number of prevalence and deaths of
- The sex ratio at death is
calculated by dividing the
number of male deaths by the
number of female deaths.
- The crude death rate is the
number of deaths occurring
among the population of a
given geographical area during
a given year, per 1000 mid‐yearp
malignant neoplasms, by regions
- Diseases of the mining employees, by
type of diseases
- Accidents from the mining activity, by
type of accidents
g y , p y
population of the given
geographical area during the
same year.
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II. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the social sector
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
4. Measuring the impact of mining on social issues
4.1 Measuring fly‐in/fly‐out
and drive‐in/drive‐out
‐???
and drive in/drive out
workers, including impacts
on demands for social
services;
4.2 Measuring internal and
international migration
flows associated with
mining (including
remittances);
- Number of internal
migrant, by regions
- Number of international
migrant, by regions
- Workers' remittances
- Internal migration is determined by the
population resettlement level throughout the
states within the boundary of the country. The
main index is the number of people who arrived
and leaved a state or a province.
- International migration expresses the flow of
people who move from their home countries topeop e o o e o t e o e cou t es to
another countries, and from another countries
to their residential nations.
- Workers’ remittances are current transfers made
by Mongolian migrants who are employed in
foreign economies for more than 1 year to
Mongolia, and vice versa, made by foreign
migrants who are employed in Mongolia for
more than 1 year to their residential country.
II. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the social sector
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
4. Measuring the impact of mining on social issues
4.3 Measuring the
impact of mining on
poverty;
- Household income and
expenditure, by regions
- Poverty headcount index, by
regions
- The total income (expenditure) of a
household is defined by summation of the
households’ monetary income
(expenditure), consumption of goods from
own resources and received free of
charge.
- The poverty headcount index refers to the
proportion of the population with aproportion of the population with a
standard of living below the poverty line
to total population.
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II. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the social sector
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
4 M i th i t f i i i l i4. Measuring the impact of mining on social issues
4.4 Measuring social
impacts of population
dislocation associated
with mining activity;
- Number of population, by sex,
age group and regions
(location)
- Number of households, by
regions (location)
- The population of Mongolia included
residents in Mongolia and Mongolian
citizenships usual reside in abroad. The
resident population in Mongolia
included population reside for more
than 6 months or 183 days in
administrative units of Mongolia.
- The household is the group of people
who live together in one house, with a
joint budget and jointly provide their
food and other basic needs. Members
of the household may be family or
relatives; there can be some members
in the household with no relation to the
other members.
II. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the social sector
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
4. Measuring the impact of mining on social issues
4.5 Measuring the
impact of mining on
education and
training.
- Expenditure on education as percentage to
total expenditure of General Government
budget
- Per capita educational expenditure
- Number of pupils and students in all levels
of educational institutions
- Number of educational institutions
- Number of graduates of all level
educational institutions
- Since the mining activities
are growing with the
increase of tax to the state
budget from the mining
companies, it is necessary
to define the changes of
the expenditure on
education sector from the
government budget. This
- Number of general educational schools, by
regions
indicator might present
one of the impact of
mining on education.
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II. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the social sector
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
4. Measuring the impact of mining on social issues g p g
4.5 Measuring the
impact of mining on
education and
training.
- Gross enrollment ratio
- Number of students in vocational and
technical education institutions, by sex
- Number of students in higher educational
institutions, by sex
- Students and graduates of domestic
universities, institutes and college, by
professional areas
- Trainings and courses from the mining
- Gross enrollment ratio is
proportion of total
enrolment in specific level
of education regardless of
age and eligible official
school age population
corresponding to the same
level of education in a
given academic year
companies for their employees
- Number of qualified drivers of mining
transportation
- Number of operators of heavy vehicles and
mechanisms
- Number of auto serves for mining sector
expressed as a percentage.
III. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the environment
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
1. Measurement of the
direct and indirect demand
- Mineral resource, by mineral
types
- Natural resource inputs comprise
physical inputs to the economy
from the mining industry for
environmental inputs, both
market and non‐market,
incorporating measurement
in terms of value;
yp
- Soil resource
- Water resource
- Energy resource (oil, natural
gas, coal, peat, uranium)
- Land
- Biological resource
p y p y
from natural resources. Thus
natural resource inputs comprise
inputs from mineral and energy
resources, soil resources, natural
timber resources, natural aquatic
resources, other natural
biological resources and water
resources.
2 H i i f Th l d i di ill b2. Harmonization of
definition for indicators
reflecting internal and
international needs;
- The related indicators will be
defined according to the "System
of environmental‐economic
accounting: Central Framework"
which is developed by UN and
other 5 international
organizations.
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III. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the environment
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
3. Measurement of
emissions (air and
- Emissions from the mining
activities:
- Solid waste includes materials that are in
a solid or liquid state but excludesemissions (air and
water) and waste
products from the
mining industry;
activities:
o Emissions to water
o Emissions to air
o Emissions to soil
- Solid waste
a solid or liquid state but excludes
wastewater and small particulate matter
released into the atmosphere.
- Emissions to air are gaseous and
particulate substances released to the
atmosphere as a result of economic
activities.
- Emissions to water are substances
released to water resources as a result of
economic activities.
- Emissions to soil are substances released
to the soil as a result of economic
activities.
III. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the environment
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
4. Measurement of
damage to land (including
- Land area of mining
exploration and production
- Land is degraded by mining operation
greatly Environmental remediation isdamage to land (including
agricultural land) and
ecosystems from mining
activity and any
subsequent rectification
activity;
exploration and production
- Land area, water, soil and
biodiversity with remediation
- Land area, water, soil and
biodiversity without
remediation
- Land degradation
- Soil damage
greatly. Environmental remediation is
a process of making the degraded
land usable again, and in the final
result, creating the effective
ecosystem or land use.
- All actions that making land in
previous shape, recovering by soil,
thickening soil, planting, caring are
the environmental restoration
actions.
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24
III. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the environment
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
5. Measurement of the
sustainability of mining
- Asset accounts for natural
resource, by resource types
- Sustainability is thought to be to leave
natural resources for our descendantsy g
activity;
, y yp
- Depletion of natural
resources, by resource types
by satisfying ours and our future’s
necessities at the same time.
- Asset accounts can provide information
regarding the way in which government
appropriates revenue from the
extraction of natural resources.
- The intent of asset accounts is to
record the opening and closing stock of
environmental assets and the changes
in the stock over an accounting period
in both monetary and physical terms.
III. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the environment
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
6. Measurement of the
environmental impact of
- Damages of the land, soil and road
from the transportation
- Information from asset accounts
can be used to assess whetherenvironmental impact of
economic activity
‘downstream’ from the
mining industry;
from the transportation,
consignment and discharge of the
mining products
- Fee on usage of road from the
mining companies
- Environmental damages (water,
animal, plant etc) from the
transportation, consignment and
discharge of the mining products
- Cost of environmental protection
can be used to assess whether
current patterns of economic
activity are depleting and
degrading the environmental
assets and to assist in the
management of environmental
assets.
p
- Natural resource management
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25
III. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the environment
Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition
7. Measurement of the
impact of mining on
- GDP
Environmental assets
- The global prospective development
focuses to generate the economicimpact of mining on
green growth and the
green economy;
- Environmental assets
accounts, by resource types
- Natural resource depletion, by
resource types
- Assessment of environmental
pollution
- Green GDP
focuses to generate the economic
system with the effective
consumption of natural resources,
prevention from the environmental
depletion and degradation and less
emission.
- Green GDP is GDP adjusted by the
environmental indicators. It is
defined by the difference between
GDP and sum of the resource
depletion, environmental
degradation.
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