uav august 2013 ppt u.s. legal issues
DESCRIPTION
UAV, Legal issues, visas, doing business with federal government, export controls, corporate formationTRANSCRIPT
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Aider les entreprises du secteur aérospatial ou UAV à gérer leurs
questions juridiques
Williams Mullen1666 K St. N.W. Suite 1200Washington, D.C. 20006 804 721 7851 (portable)804.420.6482Eliot Norman [email protected]. www.williamsmullen.com/practice/international-law
Le Défi Nord Américain
Comment exporter vos produits ou les fabriquer ici?
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Le Top 6: Questions Juridiques:
1. Ca commence ici: les visas
2. Quelle structure pour quel projet?
3. Le Financement
4. « Export Controls »: Contrôles à l'exportation
5. Gestion des contrats & Joint Ventures
6. Conseils juridiques pour aider l’accélération de votre croissance dans le marché nord américain
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South Carolina
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04/10/23 66
"Règles du jeu équitables??”
créer un « level playing field » Partir sur un pied d ’égalitéavec vos concurrents nord-américains
04/10/23 7
This is where is all starts
Quelle situation?Quel visa?
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LA GRANDE REFORME DE
L’IMMIGRATION AMERICAINE: 2013
Eliot Norman Williams Mullen
Washington, D.C. [email protected]
European American Chamber of Commerce26 juin 2013
04/10/23 9
Le regime actuel: Use of L-1Bs, L-1As, H-1Bs and E-2 for Intra-Company Transfers
X&Z Aerosupply , Inc. Mobile, Alabama USA
(AIRBUS VILLAGE)
X&Z Aerosupply SA Toulouse , France
Managers, Executives Software DevelopersElectrical Engineers
Project Managersand
SpecialistsComposites
Engineers
X&Z Aerosupply, Ltd. Bucharest, Romania
04/10/23 10
Case Illustration: Sous la Grande Réforme: NAFTA TN ou E-2, B-1?
X&Z Aerosupply , Inc. Mobile, Alabama USA
(AIRBUS VILLAGE)
X&Z Aerosupply SA Toulouse , France
Managers, Executives Software DevelopersElectrical Engineers
Project Managersand
Specialists
ManufacturingManagers &Engineers
X&Z Composites Manufacturing
Monterey, Mexico
X&Z Services d’Ingénierie, SA
Montréal, Québec Engineers
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GREEN CARDS
LA PYRAMIDE DES VISAS AMÉRICAINS
L-1A/L-1B, E1/E2 Investors/Treaty Traders
TN, H-1B/O-1
B-1/ F-1/J-1/H-3, H-2B
90 Day ESTA Visa
WaiversB-1 Business
Visitors (B/2) (tourists)
EB-1 Multinational Managers/Executives & EB-1Extraordinary Ability and Outstanding Researchers;EB2/3 PERM Labor Certifications for professionals, skilled workers leading to Green Cards;EB2 Green Cards for National Interest Waivers, FAMILY SPONSORSHIP (marriage to U.S. Citizen or, Green Card Holder; Diversity Lottery. EB-5: $500,000 Investors
EXECUTIVES, MANAGERS, Specialists and Essential-Skills Employees for U.S. Offices of International Companies
PROFESSIONALS; Extraordinary Ability Scholars & Scientists
TRAINEES & FOREIGN STUDENTSResearch Scholars & Specialists; Temporary workers , VIE , Interns.
BUSINESS VISITORS:Negotiate Contracts, Consult;Trainees, Install Equipmentif Purchased Overseas; Visa WaiverB-1 au lieu de H-1B: 6 month project requiring professional services.
6693462
What’s New: Investment & STEM Green Cards
• STEM Graduate Green Cards• EB-6 Entrepreneur Green Card 10% of
total: requires venture capital investment of at least $100,000 etc.
• EB-5 $500,000 Investment Green Card made permanent– can be source of financing for U.S. projects– Investors sold minority interest, limited
partnership units
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Introduction • Pour rester compétitives, les sociétés françaises
doivent:
– assembler ou fabriquer dans la zone « dollar » (canadien ou américain)
– comprendre le système juridique nord-américain et travailler avec un avocat qui peut établir un « level playing field » pour son client
– respecter la règlementation gouvernementale, surtout Export Controls
– « américaniser » (localiser) leur entreprise et leurs contrats
– Les visas!
– Qualifier pour le financement (public et prive)
– Tirer parti/profiter des subventions s’ils veulent exporter depuis des Etats-Unis
– Tirer profit des traites internationaux (E-2, ALENA)
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04/10/23 141414
Il faut avoir confiance: Voici le petit déjeuner de vos avocats nord
américains
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Le Top 6: Questions Juridiques:
1. Ca commence ici: les visas
2. Quelle structure pour quel projet?
3. Droit social : pas aussi libéral que les Français se l’imaginent?
4. « Export Controls »: Contrôles à l'exportation
5. Gestion des contrats
6. Conseils juridiques pour aider l’accélération de votre croissance dans le marché nord américain
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Conclusion : Votre réussite dépendra en fin de compte …
• du choix de la structure juridique pour votre entreprise nord-américaine
• des solutions de visa efficaces pour votre personnel clé
• d'une gestion proactive des relations de travail et du choix des politiques appropriées en matière d'emploi
• de l’importance des règlements gouvernementaux, surtout Export Controls
• de l'attention portée à la gestion des contrats et leur américanisation
• de l’adoption des stratégies qui vous permettent d’accélérer votre croissances aux Etats-Unis et au Canada
• de trouver des conseillers qui ont l’expérience pour vous aider dans votre implantation nord-américaine
European Industries Flock to the U.S.
The Clusters
• Silicon Valley
• The New Southeast Aerospace Cluster
• etc.
Access to Capital
• Private
• Public
Access to Capital
• R&D: SBIR STTR Grants • Financial Incentives , State and Local www.selectusa.org• Special Government Programs: e.g.
Tobacco Commission http://www.tic.virginia.gov/– Promoting Economic Development in Virginia’s Tobacco
Region– To date, the Commission has awarded 1,635 grants totaling
more than $967 million across the tobacco region of the Commonwealth, and has provided $309 million in indemnification payments to tobacco growers and quota holders
Access to Capital
• EB-5 Regional Centers (Public/Private) • Special Visa Programs for Entrepreneurs
– X Visas – EB-6
• Small Business Administration (SBA) Loans – 7(a) and 504 Programs 90% guarantees– small business: in general , less than 500
employees – up to $5 million
Access to Capital
• Financial Assistance to Exports from the USA– SBA Export Financing Programs
• export development
• export working capital
• international trade loan program
– IC DISC Tax Incentives
SBA Export Financing Programs
• Export Express– 90% guarantee for amounts up to $350,000 (for up to 7 years
working capital, 10 years fixed assets and 25 years real estate)– 75% guarantee for amounts between $350,000 and $500,000 (same
terms as above)– Lender uses its own loan approval process and documents– For financing of inventory, accounts receivable and all export
development activities– Advance payment guarantees (stand-by letters of credit with only
25% cash collateral)• Export Working Capital Program
– 90% guarantee for amounts up to $5,000,000– For revolving ABL or single transaction/purchase order financing– Advance payment guarantees (stand-by letters of credit with only 25% cash collateral)
• International Trade Loan Program– 90% guarantee for amounts up to $5,000,000– For working capital term loans for financing and refinancing of fixed assets used for
exporting (loan tenures up to 10 years for plant & equipment and 25 years for real estate)
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Questions et Questions et CoordonnéesCoordonnéesEliot [email protected]
Williams Mullen 1666 K Street NW Suite 1200 Washington DC 20006 Direct Dial: 804.420.6482En France (juin-juillet 2013) 001.804.564.1619 ou 06 47 00 33 55www.williamsmullen.com
AU BAR: 17H30: ARCADIAN RESTAURANT & BAR901 NEW YORK AVE NW Tel: 202 408 8848
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Teaming Agreements• Teaming Agreement: Defined• Major Elements and Protections
for French Company as Teaming Partner & subcontractor: exclusivity, scope of work, data exchange subject to NDA (accords de confidentialite), pricing within prime contractor’s target ranges, easy termination.
• Sample Teaming Agreement Checklist: PDF from [email protected]
• Substantial advantages over typical prime-sub relationships
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Joint Venture • Definition • Use of LLC (Limited Liability Company) • Key Elements and Issues:
– Protection of Technologies and Trade Secrets
– Intellectual Property considerations
– Clearly defined business objectives
– Each Venture should bring something different to the table that the other does not have
– What percentage participation and management roles of each joint venture
– Contributions of capital and ownership rights to IP
– Division of profits and Indemnification
– Termination/liquidation of the JV and any buy-out provisions
– Confidentiality and non-compete that survives Indemnification (indemnisation)
Example: Joint Venture
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Joint Venture
development en commun des trains d’atterrissage et des trappes.
Questions to Consider: – Division of profits; – Liability: one venturer binds the other– Resolution of disputes– What acts can be undertaken independent of and
outside the JV– Who owns the improvements? Cross-licensing – Termination and grounds for withdrawal– Quelle structure pour quel projet? Considérations
fiscales04/10/23 29
Final Thoughts: Joint Venture • Define well the scope of the joint
venture agreement and « americanize » the contract
• Know how to end it before you sign it
• Plan for the divorce before you get
married
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SBIR/STTR Overview
Brought you by:
Federal Funding Assistance Program
Center for Innovative Technology
The Center for Innovative Technology (CIT) helps to accelerate the next generation of technology and technology companies in the commonwealth of Virginia.
CIT Entrepreneur• Federal Funding Assistance Program – CIT's
Federal Funding Assistance Program identifies and accelerates opportunities for Virginia's small technology businesses to obtain SBIR and STTR awards and other government contracts. Novice and experienced grant recipients may benefit from this program.
• GAP Fund – CIT’s GAP Fund closes the funding gap between “friends and family” and early-stage equity investment for Virginia-based technology companies. CIT’s GAP Fund identifies and makes funds available to seed-stage technology firms with a high potential for commercialization, rapid growth and downstream private-equity financing.
www.cit.org
CIT’s Federal Funding Assistance Program
• Assists Virginia-based tech firms• SBIR strategy consultation and mentoring • Low cost proposal training and review courses • Discounts with expert proposal consultants • Discounts on proposal preparation software • Referral to law firm for free IP and patent consultation • VC/Angel Capital “Readiness” review and consideration
for CIT GAP Fund• Phase “0” and “00” awards of $500-$2000 to qualified
applicants to help pay for proposal development resources.
• SBIR Matching Grant Program www.cit.org/programs/cit-entrepreneur
Federal Funding Assistance Program for Virginia based companies:
Robert Brooke [email protected] 703-689-3080
www.cit.org
SBIR/STTR Background
• Use the entrepreneurial spirit of small business to solve high risk, high pay off federal agency technology problems
• Agencies provide a relatively small amount of funding to vet ideas (phase I)
• If proved feasible, larger amount to build out and further test may be applied for (Phase II)
• Government funding of early stage, high risk, high pay-off research that can be commercialized.
• $2.4+ Billion available each year. If budgets increase, SBIR/STTR budgets increase.
• Agencies identify their need for new, high risk, innovative technology that serves their mission.
• Specific topics are posted in solicitations 1-3 times per year by each agency.
• Funding you could not typically get from other external sources like VC, angels, friends and family.
• 4000+ projects funded annually
SBIR and STTR Basics
Small Business Innovation Research:
– 2.7% of extramural R&D budget set-aside for small business concerns to engage in Federal R&D – with potential for commercialization.
– Increasing to 3.2% over 6 years– Required participation by Agencies with at
least $100M in extramural R&D budgets
SBIR
Small Business Technology Transfer:
– 0.35% of extramural R&D budget is set-aside to facilitate cooperative R&D between small business concerns and US Research Institutions – with potential for commercialization.
– Requires minimum 30% participation by a non-profit University or Federal Lab (up to 60% can be performed)
– Increasing to .45% over 6 years.
STTR
11 Participating SBIR/STTR Agencies – Each Mission Very
Different!• DOD* ($1.4B+)• HHS/NIH* ($600M+)• NASA*• Energy*• NSF*• Agriculture• EPA• Commerce• Education• Transportation• Homeland Security
*Participate in SBIR & STTR
• Lots of opportunities -- Agencies list topics from 1-3 times per year. No Unsolicited proposals
• DOD has 3 SBIR cycles and 1 or 2 STTR cycles – not all departments participate in all solicitations.
• NIH has 3 SBIR/STTR solicitations.• DOE has 2 solicitations. • NSF has 2 SBIR and 1-2 STTR solicitations
per year. • USDA, DOT, EPA, NASA, NIST, NOAA have 1
SBIR solicitation per year.
Topics
Phases and Funding Amounts
Phase I: • A feasibility study • Proposal length varies at each agency. 7-20
pages.• $70—$150K
• Some agencies allow you to exceed award request by 50%.
• Some have special solicitations that will allow you to exceed.
• 6 months (SBIR) or 12 months (STTR)
Phases and Funding Amounts
Phase II: • Full R&D, proof of concept/development of
prototype.• A 2-Year Award • $300K—$1M• Most agencies allow you to submit phase II if you
had a Phase I (assuming you proved feasibility)
Phases and Funding Amounts
Phase III: • Commercialization Stage. • No SBIR funding. • Use of non-SBIR Funds
• Other Federal funds• Federal procurement• Angel funding, VC, etc.)
• Agencies will require you to report back to them on your commercialization success.
Eligibility • No more than 500 employees• Organized “for profit” firm• Independently owned and operated• 51% owned by U.S citizens/resident aliens• Principal place of business is USA• Principal Investigator (PI) must be primarily (51%)
employed by the proposing firm.• In SBIR, at least 66% of phase I and 50% of
Phase II must be accomplished by the proposing/prime contract firm (joint ventures and limited partnerships are permitted)
• All work must be performed in the US
3 Main Evaluation Areas• Technical approach
• Team
• Commercialization plan/pathway to market
• Be prepared to address all three areas!
Who Owns the Intellectual Property?• The Small Business owns the IP• IP agreements required in STTR between
small business and research institution• Full rights are retained by the company for
all technical data (AKA “SBIR Data Rights”) and all patentable inventions.
• Rights do expire if the work is not continued.
• Must take measures to protect your IP.
• Not a loan—no repayment• Seed money for high risk R&D• Recognition for your company• Experience as a prime contractor• Leveraging Tool for VC • Fosters Partnerships• IP rights maintained by the small business – data rights
extend to 4 years after your have finished the contract/grant (5 yrs. For DoD)
• Sole-source marketing position with all Federal Agencies
Program Benefits
Upcoming SBIR/STTR Solicitations
• DOD – Sept. 25, 2013
• DOT – Closes Sept. 23, 2013• Dept of Energy SBIR/STTR – Oct. 15,
2013 (LOI due 9/3/13)
• NIH SBIR/STTR – Dec. 5, 2013
• NSF SBIR – December, 2013
Upcoming Training• DOE & NASA SBIR/STTR Proposal Tips
– Sept. 30, McLean, VA (Includes NASA & DOE reps)
• NIH SBIR/STTR Proposal Prep – Oct. 1, Charlottesville, VA
• NIH Budget Prep & Commercialization Planning -- Oct. 2, Charlottesville, VA
• SBIR/STTR Proposal Prep (All Agency)– Oct. 3, Blacksburg, VA
• Budget Prep & Commercialization Planning – Oct. 3, Blacksburg, VA
www.cit.org/events
Federal Funding Assistance Program for Virginia based companies:
Robert Brooke [email protected] 703-689-3080
www.cit.org
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Questions et Questions et CoordonnéesCoordonnéesEliot [email protected]
Williams Mullen 1666 K Street NW Suite 1200 Washington DC 20006 Direct Dial: 804.420.6482En France (juin-juillet 2013) 001.804.564.1619 ou 06 47 00 33 55www.williamsmullen.com
17H30: ARCADIAN RESTAURANT & BAR901 NEW YORK AVE NW Tel: 202 408 8848