U. S. History I

Topic 9.1: Industry and Immigration

1865-1914

IN STD: USH. 2.1-2.9 From Left: Pullman Car, George Pullman,

and Pullman Co. Poster

Causes of the Industrialization 1. Natural Resources

– Edwin Drake: Drilled first oil well in U.S. History in Titusville, Pennsylvania

– Oil: Before: used to boil whale blubber/After: Kerosene and gasoline (after automobile)

2. Large Workforce- Immigration increased (Asia and Europe)3. Capitalism and Entrepreneurs- Entrepreneur: One who risks (invests) money in order

to make money - Horatio Alger: Wrote: “Rags to Riches” novels about

“entrepreneurial spirit”4. Government Policy-Laissez-Faire: “Free Enterprise” Government took

“hand’s-off” approach to business (Supply/Demand) with little regulation (rules)

-Protective Tariffs: Taxes on imports aimed at protecting local business

“Rags to Riches” Novels: Horatio Alger

Innovation Drives the Nation• Patent: Exclusive

permission to develop and sell an Invention for a certain period of time

• Thomas Edison: Inventor who set up Menlo Park Research Laboratory in New Jersey: Invented Light Bulb (1880)

• Alexander Graham Bell: 1876: Patented Telephone

• Gugliemo Marconi: Wireless Telegraph: “Father of Radio”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3mclp9QmCGs

Steel• Bessemer Process:

Henry Bessemer: Purifying Iron by “Blasting” it with intense heat

• Suspension Bridges: Roadway suspended in air w/ steel cables.

• -Brooklyn Bridge: 1883: First of its kind

• Skyscraper: Used steel frames for height: Home Insurance Building: Chicago: First Skyscraper ever built

Technology and Transportation• Railroads• George Westinghouse: 1869: Invented

Air Brakes• Granville Woods: 1887: Train Telegraph• Gustavus Swift: Refrigerated Rail Car• BIG Problem: Times were set

independently (Usually using sun) Scheduling Became Impossible

• SOLUTION: 1884: 27 Countries created 24 “Time-Zones”

• Airplane: 1903: Orville and Wilbur Wright: Kitty Hawk, N.C. First Successful Flight

FYI• DID YOU KNOW: The Wright brothers (top) used an airplane design created by a Dr. Chanute (bottom) of Chicago. Chanute developed his design by flying his “glider” at the Indiana Sand Dunes! (Miller Beach)… so you could say that the Airplane was invented in Indiana!!!

Spiral of Growth• Railroads stimulated

(Sped up/helped) innovation and industrialization

• -Brought Natural Resources from Western U.S.

• Mass Production: Factories turned out large numbers of product in short amount of time.

Impact of Industrialization• 1. Linked World Markets:

Food…etc.• 2. Changed American

Society: Growth of Cities• 3. Environmental

Problems: Pollution• -National Park Service:

1915-16: Formed to protect environment against abuses of business.

• *Yellowstone National Park: 1872: First National Park in U.S. History

• *Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore: 1966

• After the American Civil War, southern leaders wanted to Industrialize the south

• Many Factories opened• Railroad built between major southern

cities• Atlanta, Dallas, Nashville, began to rival

Chicago and Boston• Recovery Limited-

– South had to “repair” damage after war and still lagged behind north

– Limited public education could not create effective workforce

– Southern banks failed after war

Industrialization and the “New South”

Southern Farmers Face Hard Times

• Cash Crop: Cotton/Tobacco still very popular in south

• Cotton prices fell

• Reliance on one crop was risky

• Farmer’s Alliance: Groups that negotiated lower farm supply prices