typology of qualitative

8/3/2019 Typology of Qualitative

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Alfred Jose J. Herbolario



Qualitative Research

` 1. Holistic inquiry in thenatural setting

` 2. Humans are theprimary data gathering

` 3. Participant observation

Quantitative Research

` 1. Specific, delimitedusually in a contrivedsetting

` 2. Use of questionnaires,tests, interviews ± allstructured

` 3. Scheduled, structuredobservation



` 4. Triangulation of subjects to validateinformation

` 5. Purposive sampling

` 6. Hypothesis generating

`

7. Research designemerges as the researchprogresses

` 4. Particularization of aset of respondents

` 5. Probabilistic sampling

` 6. Hypothesis testing

` 7. Pre-set, preferredresearch methodologyadopted



` 8. A POSTERIORIextracted from theobservedphenomenon

` 9. The subjects play arole in theinterpretation of outcome

` 8. A PRIORI decisionmade on data

` 9. Subjects aretreated as numbers

(frequencies,percentage, mean,standard deviation)



` 10. Researcher utilizesintuitive insights

` 11. Emphasis on socialprocess & meaningsattributed to the situationof the subjects

` 12. Qualitative researchstill employs descriptive

& inferential statisticsthough

` 10. Tables presented withstatistics

` 11. Interpretations arevalue-free and variable-based

12. Quantitative researchhowever blends in itqualitative aspect



` A. Natural Setting ± Where the subjects habituate as

their enclave or habitat.

` Ex. The work environment, a restaurant ambience, a

hospital setting, cultural biome

` B. Holistic Inquiry ± Explicating the importance of the

whole & the interdependence of its parts. The whole

is greater than the sum of its parts.

` Ex. Employee morale, Waiters¶ motivational

Factors, Behavior modification of patients in the

orthopedic ward, Decision making of Amam-a



` The non-obtrusive Immersion = not to intrude by

forcing one¶s ideas« It¶s Empathic Listening

` Ex. Journaling what is exactly being said` From the´horse¶s mouth´, so to speak, and nothing

more, nothing less, nothing else!

` Most of what are known & learned come from

personal observation whether facts or fiction



` The ³troika´ approach ± Three-dimensional in

soliciting opinions & facts

` Ex. Quality service: Customers, waiters & foodinspectors

` Children in conflict with the Law ± Causes

& effects of gangsterism: Kids & peers, parents

and police or counselors



` The Critical Mass or the significant few consisting

only of the intended subjects

` Ex. The vantage points of those in the ³thick of events´ are the subjects of the inquiry

` Purposive sampling may resort to convenience

sampling



` From findings, a valid assumption is inferred.

` Hypothesis is deduced from evidences, or a

premise is developed from which a conclusion is

drawn` Ex. The managing style of supervisors affect

employee morale

` Customer satisfaction reflects waitering service

Decisions of elders are tenable & just accordingto customs



` Method of research is not Prescriptive, but

proactive.

` After the analysis, the researcher synthesizes to

arrive at a coherent whole

` Research is more of a phenomenological inquiry

integrating a social structure of shared meanings

and tacit knowledge of indwelling



` Denotes reasoning from facts or particulars to

general principles, or from effects to causes

` Inductive method & empiricism

` Ex. When employee empowerment & sharing

of decision making are not in place, the Principle

of Motivators does not apply resulting in low

morale



` The subjects clarify the meanings of the

significance of a phenomenon from their own point

of view

` It is how the subjects perceive the view of the

world the way they see it

` Sharing the meanings of their indwelling from thesocial structure that shapes their perspectives and

perceptions



` Tacit Knowledge ± knowing without the use of

rational process; immediate cognition

` Ex. You know what Teaching is but you can¶texplicate it

` You learn what research is but have a

difficulty of appreciating it

` You internalize the art of leadership,however you don¶t have the opportunity to apply it



` Analysis is endemic ± What is prevalent in or peculiar to particular locality or people

` Interpretation becomes systemic (not systematic)

± What it implies to the whole being affected



` Eliciting only the perspectives & perceptions of the

subjects as they narrate & relate them

` Ex. Employees describing the managing styleof Supervisors

` Waiters performing quality service

` Nurses modifying patients¶ behavior

` Elders deciding crucial issues on mores

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