typography font type font size font style (e.g., bold, italic) color font effects the first 3 of...
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Typography
• Font type• Font size• Font style (e.g., bold, italic)• Color• Font effects
The first 3 of these can be set in the formatting toolbar, and all of them can be set in the Format => Font… dialog box:
Ways to categorize fonts
• One way:– Monospaced: all characters same width
Example: Courier New• Reminiscent of typewritten text.
• Useful for when text must be aligned vertically.
– Proportional: character width variesExample: Times New Roman or Arial
• Another way:– Serif: Characters have short lines (called
serifs) attached to the upper and lower ends of their strokesExample: Times New Roman
– Sans Serif: (meaning “without serifs”) Characters have no serifsExample: Arial
What criteria should you use in deciding which font to use?
• Readability--whether the reader will find it easy or hard to read.
• Aesthetics--whether it’s an attractive font.
• Appropriateness of the font to the particular purpose.
• Connotation of a particular font type.
Font size
• Font size can affect legibility.
• It can also be used to emphasize a word or string of words when used in a text of a smaller font size.
• Headings are usually in a larger font size than regular text.
How is font size measured?• Font size is measured in points.
• One point is 1/72 inch.
• The number of points measures the distance from the top of the tallest letter in a character set (e.g., an uppercase T) to the bottom of the lowest letter (e.g., a lowercase y).
• For example, for 12-point type this distance would be 12/72 = 1/6 inch.
Use of font styles
• The use of font styles can be conventional. E.g. italicizing titles of books in an otherwise regular text:– O’Leary, John. 1998. How I Learned to Love
the Internet. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.
• They can also be used for emphasis:– “What did you mean by that?”
Font effects
• Font effects are mainly used for indicating emphasis or de-emphasis.
• In addition to underlining, those available in Word, and what they look like, are listed here:
StrikethroughDouble strikethroughWordSuperscript
WordSubscript
SShhaaddoowwOutlineEEEmmmbbbooossssss [Emboss]EEEnnngggrrraaavvveee [Engrave]SMALL CAPS
ALL CAPS
Underlining
• Underlining is usually used to emphasize text or make it stand out as different from the rest of the text.
• Here are some of the underlining styles in Word:
Underline [Single]Words only [i.e. not including the spacebetween words]DoubleDottedThickDashDot DashDot Dot DashWave
• One of them, single underline, is available in the formatting toolbar.
• The others require you to use the Format => Font… dialog box:
Color
• Color can be applied to:– text– drawing elements like lines and arrows– paragraphs [fill]– highlighting– and in Word Art
You can color words and
lines
You can backfill paragraphs, with orwithout borders
You can use a color to highlight.
• You can access color via the formatting toolbar as well as the drawing toolbar and
• via the Format menu.
Coloring borders
• Format => Borders and Shading… allows you to color– paragraph borders– page borders, and– shading [fill behind the text of the paragraph]
Character spacing
• The spacing between characters can also be changed from the default for some fonts.
• This is also mainly used for emphasis.
• You can change the character spacing in the Format => Font… dialog box.
Normal spacingExpanded spacingCondensed spacing
Position normalPositionraised by 3 pointsPositionlowered by 3 points
Not kerned
Kerned for those 26 points andabove
Normal spacing, 100%Spacing w ithscale 200%