Gate valveButterfly valveGlobe valveCheck valvePressure relief valveDrain valve

Gate valveButterfly valveGlobe valveCheck valvePressure relief valveDrain valve

A gate valve, also known as a sluice valve,is a valve that opens by lifting a round orrectangular gate/wedge out of the path ofthe fluid. The distinct feature of a gate valveis the sealing surfaces between the gate andseats are planar, so straight-line flow of fluidand minimum restriction is desired.

A gate valve, also known as a sluice valve,is a valve that opens by lifting a round orrectangular gate/wedge out of the path ofthe fluid. The distinct feature of a gate valveis the sealing surfaces between the gate andseats are planar, so straight-line flow of fluidand minimum restriction is desired.

Practical applications:

They are used for regulating the flow. They are designed for fully opened or closed

valves. They are used for straight-line flow of fluid

and minimum flow restrictions are needed.

They are used for regulating the flow. They are designed for fully opened or closed

valves. They are used for straight-line flow of fluid

and minimum flow restrictions are needed.

They need longoperation time sincesetting the valve to thefully open or closedposition requires thehandle to be turnedmany times.

Good choice for on-offservice.

Bidirectional.

It is not suitable forthrottling applications

It is more subject toseat and disk wear.

They need longoperation time sincesetting the valve to thefully open or closedposition requires thehandle to be turnedmany times.

Good choice for on-offservice.

Bidirectional.

It is not suitable forthrottling applications

It is more subject toseat and disk wear.

A butterfly valve is a valve which can beused for isolating or regulating flow. Theclosing mechanism takes the form of a disk.Operation is similar to that of a ball valve,which allows for quick shut off.It is from afamily quarter turn valve.

A butterfly valve is a valve which can beused for isolating or regulating flow. Theclosing mechanism takes the form of a disk.Operation is similar to that of a ball valve,which allows for quick shut off.It is from afamily quarter turn valve.

Used with chemical orcorrosive media.

The maintenancecosts are usually low.

Unguided discmovement is affectedby flow turbulence.

Potential forcavitations andchoke.

Used with chemical orcorrosive media.

The maintenancecosts are usually low.

Unguided discmovement is affectedby flow turbulence.

Potential forcavitations andchoke.

Uses:

In the pharamaceutical,chemical and foodindustry a butterfly valve is used to interruptproduct flow within the process.

Globe valve is a type of valve used forregulating flow in a pipeline, consisting of amovable disk-type element and a stationaryring seat in a generally spherical body.Themain difference between gate valve andglobe valve is that a globe valve can adjustthe flow by the percentage of opening.

Globe valve is a type of valve used forregulating flow in a pipeline, consisting of amovable disk-type element and a stationaryring seat in a generally spherical body.Themain difference between gate valve andglobe valve is that a globe valve can adjustthe flow by the percentage of opening.

Applications:

Globe valve is used to regulate the flow offluid.

It is not well used for full stop isolation. It is used for throttling applications.

Globe valve is used to regulate the flow offluid.

It is not well used for full stop isolation. It is used for throttling applications.

Easy to repairGood and simple for

operation It is uni-directional

Cost is moreEasy to repairGood and simple for

operation It is uni-directional

Check valves are mechanical valves thatpermit gases and liquids to flow in only onedirection, preventing process flow fromreversing.

Check valves are mechanical valves thatpermit gases and liquids to flow in only onedirection, preventing process flow fromreversing.

UnidirectionalNo need of external

force to open orclose

Hard to determineweather the valve isopen or closed

Difficult to assemble

The relief valve (RV) is a type of valve usedto control or limit the pressure in a system orvessel which can build up by a processupset, instrument or equipment failure, or fire.Thepressure is relieved by allowing thepressurised fluid to flow from an auxiliarypassage out of the system.

The relief valve (RV) is a type of valve usedto control or limit the pressure in a system orvessel which can build up by a processupset, instrument or equipment failure, or fire.Thepressure is relieved by allowing thepressurised fluid to flow from an auxiliarypassage out of the system.

Low CostSimpleNo need of power

supply

High overpressurenecessary for full lift(100% or more insome cases)

Set Pressure notreadily adjustable

Low CostSimpleNo need of power

supply

High overpressurenecessary for full lift(100% or more insome cases)

Set Pressure notreadily adjustable

Applications: It is installed at the water mains. It protects the whole installation from

problems due to excess pressure: Noises in pipes Water hammer Splashes

Premature wear of household electricalappliances and taps. These are completelyautomatic.

It is installed at the water mains. It protects the whole installation from

problems due to excess pressure: Noises in pipes Water hammer Splashes

Premature wear of household electricalappliances and taps. These are completelyautomatic.

A drain valve is a mechanical device used torelease excess or unwanted quantities ofliquid or gas from a storage tank, vessel orcontainer. The valve is usually opened byturning a screw or handle, although somedrain valves are automatically opened whena set pressure or temperature is reached.When the valve is opened, liquid or air drainsfrom the storage tank due to gravity orpressure differential.

A drain valve is a mechanical device used torelease excess or unwanted quantities ofliquid or gas from a storage tank, vessel orcontainer. The valve is usually opened byturning a screw or handle, although somedrain valves are automatically opened whena set pressure or temperature is reached.When the valve is opened, liquid or air drainsfrom the storage tank due to gravity orpressure differential.

No skills requiredfor usage

Can be installedeasily

Can with standmore pressure

Automated drainvalves are costly

Automated drainvalves are prone torepairs

No skills requiredfor usage

Can be installedeasily

Can with standmore pressure

Automated drainvalves are costly

Automated drainvalves are prone torepairs

METERSMeters are the devices which are used to determinethe quantity of water flowing through pipes.

Meters are especially used in private building,public building ,industries etc!!

Meters are the devices which are used to determinethe quantity of water flowing through pipes.Meters are especially used in private building,public building ,industries etc!!

Meters typesMeters are of two types:-

.The positive displacement type.The velocity or inferential type

The positive or displacement type These are generally used for small flow ofwater. These are designed on the principle toknow the number of times a vessel of knownvolume is fitted and emptied.

->From this the rate of flow is calculatedautomatically.

->These meters are available in differentmodels namely rotary meter, oscillating meterand nutating disc meter

These are generally used for small flow ofwater. These are designed on the principle toknow the number of times a vessel of knownvolume is fitted and emptied.

->From this the rate of flow is calculatedautomatically.

->These meters are available in differentmodels namely rotary meter, oscillating meterand nutating disc meter

VELOCITY OR INFERENTIAL METER These are generally venturi or turbine.theventuri meter consists of normal pipe to thethroat section.two vertical piezometer tubesare provided one at the normal end andanother at the throat are inserted in the pipe.

These piezometer are connected to theapparatus, which measures the difference inwater level. These are usually provided at thehead of main supply pipe.

These are generally venturi or turbine.theventuri meter consists of normal pipe to thethroat section.two vertical piezometer tubesare provided one at the normal end andanother at the throat are inserted in the pipe.

These piezometer are connected to theapparatus, which measures the difference inwater level. These are usually provided at thehead of main supply pipe.

Advantages n disadvantages of venturimeters

They are cheap in cost Loss of water is very low as compared to othermeters

They dont give accurate results

They are cheap in cost Loss of water is very low as compared to othermeters

They dont give accurate results

Requirements of good meter It should record even a leak of 10lit/hour It should measure the discharge upto 2%accuracy

It can easily maintained and repaired It should have screen on its inlet side,toexclude the clay,slit,grit etc.

It should record even a leak of 10lit/hour It should measure the discharge upto 2%accuracy

It can easily maintained and repaired It should have screen on its inlet side,toexclude the clay,slit,grit etc.

A fire hydrant is an active fireprotection measure, and a source of waterprovided in most urban, suburban and ruralareas withmunicipal water service toenable firefighters to tap into the municipalwater supply to assist in extinguishing a fire

The concept of fire plugs dates to at least the 17thcentury. This was a time when firefighters responding toa call would dig down to the wooden water mains andhastily bore a hole to secure water to fight fires. Thewater would fill the hole, creating a temporary well, andbe transported from the well to the fire by bucketbrigades or, later, by hand-pumped fire engines. Theholes were then plugged with stoppers, normallyredwood, which over time came to be known as fireplugs. The location of the plug would often be recordedor marked so that it could be reused in future fires. Thisis the source of the colloquial term fire plug still used forfire hydrants today

The concept of fire plugs dates to at least the 17thcentury. This was a time when firefighters responding toa call would dig down to the wooden water mains andhastily bore a hole to secure water to fight fires. Thewater would fill the hole, creating a temporary well, andbe transported from the well to the fire by bucketbrigades or, later, by hand-pumped fire engines. Theholes were then plugged with stoppers, normallyredwood, which over time came to be known as fireplugs. The location of the plug would often be recordedor marked so that it could be reused in future fires. Thisis the source of the colloquial term fire plug still used forfire hydrants today

The user attaches a hose to the fire hydrant, then opensa valve on the hydrant to provide a powerful flow of water, on

the order of 350kPa

This user can attach this hose to a fire engine, which can use apowerful pump to boost the water pressure and possibly split it

into multiple streams.

A user should take care not to open or close a fire hydrant tooquickly, as this can create a water hammer which can damage

nearby pipes and equipment.

The user attaches a hose to the fire hydrant, then opensa valve on the hydrant to provide a powerful flow of water, on

the order of 350kPa

This user can attach this hose to a fire engine, which can use apowerful pump to boost the water pressure and possibly split it

into multiple streams.

A user should take care not to open or close a fire hydrant tooquickly, as this can create a water hammer which can damage

nearby pipes and equipment.

To prevent casual use or misuse, the hydrant requiresspecial tools to be opened, usually a large wrench witha pentagon-shaped socket.

construction In areas subject to freezing temperatures,only a portion of the hydrant is aboveground. The valve is located below the frostline and connected by a riser to the above-ground portion. A valve rod extends fromthe valve up through a seal at the top of thehydrant, where it can be operated with theproper wrench. This design is known as a"dry barrel" hydrant, in that the barrel, orvertical body of the hydrant, is normally dry.

In areas subject to freezing temperatures,only a portion of the hydrant is aboveground. The valve is located below the frostline and connected by a riser to the above-ground portion. A valve rod extends fromthe valve up through a seal at the top of thehydrant, where it can be operated with theproper wrench. This design is known as a"dry barrel" hydrant, in that the barrel, orvertical body of the hydrant, is normally dry.

In warm areas, hydrants are used with one or more valves in theabove-ground portion. Unlike with cold-weather hydrants, it ispossible to turn the water supply on and off to each port. This

style is known as a "wet barrel" hydrant

Appearance

Hydrant in Demorest, Georgiapainted with an Americanpatriotic theme

Hydrant in the Philippines. Hydrant in germany

Czech example Hydrant in brazil Hydrant in greece

Types of hydrants 1) flush hydrants

2)post hydrants

Flush hydrants It is installed inunderground brick chamberflush

With the footpath.It is covered on the top with aCI cover.To locate its position even indarkness, some distinct signis provided near it at the sideof the road with symbol FHwritten on it

It is installed inunderground brick chamberflush

With the footpath.It is covered on the top with aCI cover.To locate its position even indarkness, some distinct signis provided near it at the sideof the road with symbol FHwritten on it

post hydrant The barrel of the hydrantremains projected about 60-90 cms above the groundsurface

These hydrants have a longstemwith screw and nut at thetop to regulate water

The post hydrant is connectedto the main pipe through abranch pipe and can beoperated by a gate valve

The barrel of the hydrantremains projected about 60-90 cms above the groundsurface

These hydrants have a longstemwith screw and nut at thetop to regulate water

The post hydrant is connectedto the main pipe through abranch pipe and can beoperated by a gate valve

ANJANEE PRABHA.pdf (p.1-25)metrer.pdf (p.26-34)FIRE HYDRANTS.pdf (p.35-47)