types of transfer - eckington school
TRANSCRIPT
3.1 Types of transferTypes of transfer
PositivePositive transfertransfer
DescriptionDescription….
where one ________ or situation helps the
learning and performance of another
________(or situation)
e.g. the arm action of throwing a ball helps
the action of the racquet arm when
_____________________________
EffectsEffects…
Negative transferNegative transfer
DescriptionDescription….
where one skill or situation
___________the ____________and
performance of another skill (or situation)
e.g. the flexed arm in throwing hinders the
straight arm required for cricket bowling
EffectsEffects…EffectsEffects…
transfers the S-R _______of one ______to another
helps to develop the correct motor programme
EffectsEffects…
performer can respond incorrectly to
___________ stimuli
differences in kinaesthetic ____________can
cause ____________
3.2
DescriptionDescription…
where a ______________learned skill affects the
current learning or performance of another skill
can be positive or negative/ proactive transfer can
_______________or ______________the learning or
performance of a new skill
EffectsEffects…
e.g. the previously learned
throwing action…
Proactive transferProactive transfer Types of transfer
...can affect a new skill that
looks similar, such as a serve
in ____________
old skillnew skill
Retroactive transferRetroactive transfer
EffectsEffects…
e.g. the current learning of
a serve in tennis…
can be ____________or negative/ retroactive transfer
can help or hinder the _____________of a new skill
...can affect the previously
learned throwing action
where the current learning of a _________skill effects the
_____________of a ______________ learned skill
DescriptionDescription…
old skillnew skill
3.3
Bilateral transferBilateral transfer
DescriptionDescription…
transfer from limb to ________ (from one
________of the body to the other)
e.g. a footballer _________________________
Types of transferTypes of transfer
EffectsEffects…
can be positive or ___________
when ____________, bilateral transfer helps an
attacker to deceive a defender e.g. using the
non-dominant foot to shoot or pass
____________shot
Ways of optimising the effect of positive transfer Ways of optimising the effect of positive transfer 3.4
Optimising transfer means maximising
the use of transfer to help the speed and
______________of learning.
Positive transfer can occur between two
_________ (or from one situation to
another).
____________shot
____________smash _____________spike
E.g. these three skills transfer positively
from a ______________action, (and
occur in situations where the
environment is constantly __________).
Ways of optimising the effect of positive transfer Ways of optimising the effect of positive transfer 3.5
Practice and learning situations should
include positive transfer
Build on similar skills to promote transfer
Make learner aware of ______________-
elements or subroutines
Ensure a clear demonstration of where
__________can take place
___________skill must be well
____________practice for open skills e.g.
2 attackers v 1 defender for passing in
football replicates the game situation
e.g. handball throw similar to volleyball
spike
e.g. foot position during a throw is the
same as a tennis serve
e.g. demonstrate that the flexed elbow
in a badminton smash is the same as in a
volleyball spike
e.g. the correct throwing action must be ___________skill must be well
___________or overlearned
Give learner praise / positive
________________when transfer
successful
Indicate that processing of information in
two different activities may be similar
The closer the practice is to the real
situation the __________the chance of
____________transfer
Diverse experiences enhance the
probability of positive transfer
e.g. the correct throwing action must be
well learned before it is transferred to a
tennis serve
e.g. reinforce that the successful
volleyball spike has been transferred
from a successful throwing action
e.g. the processing of stimuli in the
smash shot both in tennis and
badminton are similar
e.g. varied practice for open skills like
hand ball shooting, and fixed practice for
closed skills like volleyball serving
e.g. a throwing movement will transfer
positively to all skills that require a
throwing action
3.6 Ways of limiting the effect of negative transfer
The coach should apply strategies to
optimise positive transfer (see slide 3.5)
e.g. build on skill that are similar / skills
that transfer positively to limit negative
transfer
e.g. a backhand shot in tennis requires a
stiff wrist whilst in squash it is played
with a flexible wrist
Be aware that skills that
__________similar may
__________negatively
Conflicting _________must not follow in
sequence during a teaching programmee.g. badminton and tennis strokes
transfer negatively
Learners’ ___________must be drawn
The _____________in which the skill is
__________must match the
_______situation
e.g. 2 attackers v 1 defender for passing
in football recreates the game situation
Learners’ ___________must be drawn
away from movements that cause
____________transfer
e.g. focus is given to a specific racquet
game
If part or progressive part practice is used
the first subroutine should be
overlearned before ______________
e.g. overlearn the correct body position
before giving focus to the backswing
during a squash shot
_____________the task during initial
learning to establish the basic movement
and then transfer it to the _____
____________
e.g. feed the ball underarm to the learner
when practicing a forehand drive in
tennis