types of solids
DESCRIPTION
Types of Solids. Chap. 13: Day 4b. Metallic and Ionic Solids Sections 13.6-8. Properties of Solids. 1. Molecules, atoms or ions locked into a CRYSTAL LATTICE 2. Particles are CLOSE together 3. STRONG IM forces 4. Highly ordered, rigid, incompressible. ZnS, zinc sulfide. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Types of Types of SolidsSolids
Chap. 13: Day 4b
2Metallic and Ionic Metallic and Ionic SolidsSolids
Sections 13.6-8Sections 13.6-8
Metallic and Ionic Metallic and Ionic SolidsSolids
Sections 13.6-8Sections 13.6-8
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Properties of SolidsProperties of Solids
1. 1. Molecules, atoms or ions locked into a CRYSTAL LATTICE
2. Particles are CLOSE together
3. STRONG IM forces
4. Highly ordered, rigid, incompressible
ZnS, zinc sulfideZnS, zinc sulfide
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Types of SolidsTypes of SolidsTable 13.6Table 13.6
TYPETYPE FORCE Properties . FORCE Properties .
Ionic Ionic Ionic Ionic Hard, brittle, High MP Hard, brittle, High MP
poor conductorpoor conductor
Metallic Electrostatic Metallic Electrostatic Malleable, Range of MP Malleable, Range of MP
good conductorgood conductor
MolecularMolecular Dipole Soft, Low of MP Dipole Soft, Low of MP
Ind. Dipole poor conductorInd. Dipole poor conductor
NetworkNetwork Extended Extended Range of MP & hardnessRange of MP & hardness
covalent covalent poor conductorpoor conductor
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Network SolidsNetwork Solids
DiamondDiamond
GraphiteGraphite
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Network SolidsNetwork Solids
A comparison of diamond (pure carbon) A comparison of diamond (pure carbon) with silicon.with silicon.
8Atom Packing in Unit Atom Packing in Unit CellsCells
Assume atoms are hard spheres and that crystals are built by PACKING of these spheres as efficiently as possible.
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Crystal LatticesCrystal Lattices• Regular 3-D arrangements of equivalent
LATTICE POINTS in space.• Lattice points define UNIT CELLS
– smallest repeating internal unit that has the symmetry characteristic of the solid.
12Cubic Unit Cells of Cubic Unit Cells of MetalsMetalsFigure 13.24Figure 13.24
Simple cubic (SC)Simple cubic (SC) Body-Body-
centered centered cubic (BCC)cubic (BCC)
Face-Face-centered centered cubic (FCC)cubic (FCC)
PROPERTIES
OF LIQUIDS
Chap. 13: Day 4a
Intermolecular Forces
The forces BETWEEN molecules. Holds the molecules together. At a set temperature:
What phase has the strongest force? Solids
What phase has the weakest forces? Gases (vapor)
Viscosity•the resistance of a fluid to flow
Thick fluids have high viscosity
Vapor Pressure
The pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid state.
The pressure at which liquid changes to vapor
Liquids with high vapor pressures turn into vapors very easily. (Volatile)
Ex. Gasoline, perfume
Once equilibrium is reached, the vapor particles will begin to condense back to a liquid
Boiling Point
The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure
The entire liquid is changing state, not just the surface.
Water boils at 1000C
at standard P
Vapor Pressure vs Temperature
Liquid Properties Surface Tension- Ability of liquid molecules to
hold on to each other. Apparent “skin” affect Ex. Over filling a liquid in a glass with out the
liquid spilling
Hg
Liquid Properties
Capillary Rise- the tendency of a liquid to rise in a small diameter tube due to the surface tension of the liquid.
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
STRONG Forces lead to….
Nonvolatile Substances
High boiling points Low evaporation
rates Low vapor P at
room temperature
WEAK Forces lead to..
Volatile substances
Low boiling points High evaporation
rates High vapor P at
room temperature