Container ships*

Two broad categories:

1. Cargo ships

General cargoBreak Bulk - cargo that may be affixed to a pallet. Palletised cargo facilitates the loading intothe ship by crane or derrick.

Neo-Bulk a subcategory of general cargo, with the other subcategories of break-bulk cargo & containerised cargo.

Containerised

ii. Bulk cargoDry bulkLiquid bulk

2. Passenger ships.*

Clinker - a loose, black deposit that can consist of coke, coal, slag, charcoal, or grit & other waste materials.Slag - waste material produced when coal is dug from the earth, or a substance produced by mixing .Gravel - small rounded stones, often mixed with sand.Grit - small pieces of stone or sand.Molasses - a thick dark brown liquid made from sugar plants used in cooking,Coke - what is left after coal is heated & the gas and tar removed, which is burnt as a fuel.

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The rear part of the ship includes 1. a deck superstructure with the navigating bridge& the means necessary for the propulsion of the ship: machinery & fuel tanks.The front part of the ship includes the stem & store rooms (if any).The central part includes the hold constructed in accordance with the type of cargo to be transported.In conventional large transport ships (e.g. tankers, bulk carriers, container ships, LNG carriers) the construction is used wherein ballast is loaded in order to control the gravity & prevent problems related to a shallow draft.

e.g. shallow draft causes problems:the degree of hogging during navigation is large,the ship is exposed to the impact of waves striking the ship bottom (so called slamming),the propeller cannot be immersed fully, it emerges from the water a decrease in the propulsion performance & an increase in the load fluctuation on the propeller & main engine (propeller racing), the rudder cannot be submerged sufficiently manoeuvrability worsens. Loaded ballast lowers the draft.*

Cargo loading / unloading used to be slow, standardised carrying box, or container at 20 feet long (the TEU = 20 foot equivalent unit) allowed for vessels to be designed to carry these standard sized boxes,

Consequently dockside equipment needed to be designed to lift, stack and store these specific shapes.

Initially, small vessels of up to 10,000 DWT, carried no more than a few hundred TEU.

Today's container ships are being built to take over 13,000 TEU (such as the Emma Maersk).

Even larger vessels (the "Malaccamax") are now being constructed take up to 18,000 TEU.

The term "Malaccamax" refers to the depth, as the shallowest part of the Malacca Straits is 25 metres deep. This is the limiting factor for any vessel wishing to transit the Straits.

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1. bridge castle front

2. deck containers

3. foremast & mast top (pramani jarbol)

4. forecastle

5. insulated containers in holds

6. container refrigeration ducts (vod)

7. double hull

8. passageway (prolaz)

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Freight container

any article of equipment with an overall volume greater than 8m (rigid or collapsible) suitable for repeated use in the carriage of materials in bulk or package form and capable of transfer between one or more forms of transport,

built to the ISO requirements,

materials: mild steel, stainless steel-aluminium alloy, plywood, fibre-glass or combinations of these.*

Containers carried in:

holds - cellular structure of angle bars forming container guides that stow containers on top of another.

weather decks - containers are carefully secured to ensure that they will not shift.

Vertical stowage loading - hatchways are very large; accessibility of the hold is of the utmost importance.

large hatch openings;no tween decks;no need for cargo handling gear, operate from well-equipped special terminals.

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20' GP (standard type)40' GP (standard type)

20' HC - 1 foot taller than a standard 20' GP) 40' HC - 1 foot taller than a standard 40' GP

Open top container20 foot (20) & 40 foot (40)

GP general purposeHC high cube20 feet (6.058m)40 feet (12.192m)

Fully enclosed with strong, rigid walls.

One of the walls adapted to create a door opening.*

the only differences between high cube and their standard equivalents are the height and increased cubic capacity. *

e.g. The 20 foot shipping container dimensions are categorised:

20 foot external container sizes (imperial)

20 foot internal container sizes (imperial)

The 20 foot intermodal container sizes:

20 foot external container dimensions (metric)

20 foot internal container dimensions (metric)*

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Intermodal Length (feet)Intermodal Width (feet)Intermodal Height (feet)Inside Capacity (cubic feet)Floor Area (sq feet)Container Weight (tonnes)Door Width (feet)Door Height (feet)191080861,1601502.47675

Intermodal Length (feet)Intermodal Width (feet)Intermodal Height (feet)Inside Capacity (cubic feet)Floor Area (sq feet)Container Weight (tonnes)Door Width (feet)Door Height (feet)19377791,1601502.47675

Container Length (metres)Container Width (metres)Container Height (metres)Inside Capacity (cubic metres)Floor Area (sq metres)Container Weight (tonnes)Door Width (metres)Door Height (metres)6.062.442.5932.8513.932.442.282.26

Container Length (metres)Container Width (metres)Container Height (metres)Inside Capacity (cubic metres)Floor Area (sq metres)Container Weight (tonnes)Door Width (metres)Door Height (metres)5.872.332.3532.8513.932.442.282.26

Tank or dry bulk containerfor food, liquid or sensitive freightThermal container or reefer(interior insulation on the doors,roof, floor & walls)Insulated containerFlat rack or platform containerNo fixed walls or any load-carryingstructures, transport& distribution of woodor other heavy objects*

1.top end transverse member (cross rail) (gornje popreno rebro kontejnera)2. front wall panel (eona stjenka)3. side wall panel (bona stjenka)4. roof panel (ploha)5. door header6. end door (eona vrata kontejnera)7. hinge (arka)8. rod guide (motka)9. cam end guide (bregast)cam end10. lever (poluga)door gasket (brtva)11.bottom rear cross membercorner fitting (oprema)12. fork lift pockets (otvori za manipulaciju s viljukarom)11a. bottom cross member (poprena greda podnog okvira kontejnera)13. floor14. bottom side rail (boni okvir)15. bottom end transverse member (bottom front cross) (popreno rebro dna kontejnera)16. corner post (ugaona greda kontejnera)17. top side rail (gornja bona ograda)

*1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.11a.

Container stowage plans

drawn up to assist in advance planning. document the positioning of containers on board. The stowage space of the container on board the ship is stated in numbers and is recorded in the shipping documents.

The bay-row-tier system follows a system of numerical coordinates relating to length, width and height.

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