TYPES OF ROCKS & SEDIMENTKL OCEANOGRAPHY

ROCK V. MINERAL• ROCK= HARD,

SOLID SUBSTANCE COMPOSED OF ONE OR MORE MINERALS• 3 TYPES:• IGNEOUS• METAMORPHI

C • SEDIMENTARY

ROCK V. MINERAL

• MINERAL= NATURALLY OCCURRING INORGANIC (NON-LIVING) SOLIDS COMPOSED OF ONE OR MORE ELEMENTS NATURALLY OCCURRING IN THE EARTH’S CRUST…THEY MAKE UP ROCKS.

• EX> QUARTZ, GARNET, OLIVINE, MAGNETITE, FELDSPAR

3 TYPES OF ROCKIGNEOUS= COME FROM HOT FLUID MAGMA (THE MANTLE) THAT COOLS AND HARDENS• IF IT COOLS FAST

EXTRUSIVE= SMALL GRAINS • EX> BASALT, OBSIDIAN

• IF IT COOLS SLOWLY AND INSIDE THE CONTINENTAL PLATE INTRUSIVE=LARGE GRAINS• EX>RHYOLITE, ANDESITE,

GRANITE

3 TYPES OF ROCKMETAMORPHIC= FORMED UNDER VERY INTENSE HEAT AND PRESSURE OVER LONG PERIODS OF TIME FORMS DEEP IN THE EARTH’S CRUST SUBDUCTION ZONES. • EX> MARBLE,

SCHIST, GNEISS

3 TYPES OF ROCKSEDIMENTARY= COMPACTED SEDIMENT FROM OTHER ROCKS OR MINERALS ALREADY PRESENT ON OR NEAR THE EARTH’S SURFACE. • EX> SANDSTONE, LIMESTONE

SEDIMENT= PARTICLES OF ROCKS CARRIED ALONG AND DEPOSITED BY WATER, WIND OR GLACIERS. • SMALL PIECES OF ROCK OR SHELL THAT

ARE BROKEN DOWN OVER TIME BY EROSION

• SAND ON OUR BEACHES IS SEDIMENT OF VARIOUS TYPES• DEPENDS ON THE ORIGIN OF THE

PARENT ROCK

4 TYPES OF OCEAN SEDIMENTLITHOGENOUS

COMES FROM WEATHERING AND EROSION IN THE MOUNTAINS AND CONTAINS LOTS OF QUARTZ, FELDSPAR AND CLAY• RIVERS CARRY 15 BILLION

TONS OF LITHOGENOUS SEDIMENT TO THE OCEAN

• THE MOST ABUNDANT TYPE OF SEDIMENT FOUND IN THE OCEAN

4 TYPES OF OCEAN SEDIMENTBIOGENOUS

COMES FROM BIOLOGICAL ORGANISMS’ SHELLS &/OR SKELETONS • CONTAIN SILICA OR CALCIUM

CARBONATE• CREATES “OOZE” AS IT

ACCUMULATES INTO LAYERS ON THE SEA FLOOR• CALCAREOUS- CALCIUM

CARBONATE SECRETORS• SILICEOUS- FROM DIATOMS

• OOZE TURNS INTO PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS OVER MILLIONS OF YEARS.

4 TYPES OF OCEAN SEDIMENTHYDROGENOUS

RESULT FROM CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN SEAWATER WHICH CAUSE MINERALS TO COME OUT OF SOLUTION AND FORM PARTICLES THAT SETTLE TO THE BOTTOM• COMES FROM DISSOLUTION OF

SUBMERGED ROCK, NEW CRUST FORMATION AND HYDROTHERMAL VENTS• MANGANESE NODULES• METALLIC SULFIDES

4 TYPES OF OCEAN SEDIMENTCOSMOGENOUS

SEDIMENT THAT COMES FROM OUTER SPACE, USUALLY IN COSMIC DUST THAT RESULTS FROM COLLISIONS OF ASTEROIDS, COMETS, METEORITES, ETC.

• RAREST FORM OF SEDIMENT (LEAST ABUNDANT)