types of orthodontic appliances
DESCRIPTION
TYPES OF ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES. Dr . Fitri Octavianti 12 th June 2013. Orthodontic Appliances. Removable appliances Functional appliances Fixed appliances. REMOVABLE APPLIANCES. Appliances can be inserted and removed from the mouth by the patient. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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TYPES OF ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES
Dr . Fitri Octavianti12th June 2013
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Orthodontic Appliances
• Removable appliances• Functional appliances• Fixed appliances
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REMOVABLE APPLIANCES• Appliances can be inserted and removed from the mouth by the patient
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Component of removable appliance
• Active component• Retentive component• Anchorage• Baseplate
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Active components
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Active component of Removable Appliances
• Springs, bows• Screws• Elastics
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Active component of Removable Appliances
Z-Spring• 0.5 mm diameter SS• Function: proclination of 1 or 2 incisors
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Active component of Removable Appliances
T-Spring • 0.5 mm diameter SS= incisors• 0.6 mm diameter SS=premolars• Function: proclination of incisors, premolars
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Active component of Removable Appliances
Finger /palatal spring
• 0.5 mm diameter SS= incisors• 0.6 mm diameter SS= canine and premolars• Function: mesial or distal movement
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Active component of Removable Appliances
Labial Bow • 0.7 mm diameter SS• Function: retraction of anterior teeth
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Active component of Removable Appliances
Split Labial Bow • 0.7 mm diameter SS• Function: Retraction of anterior teeth and close midline diastema
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Active component of Removable Appliances
Robert Retractor • 0.5 mm diameter SS + sleeve• Function: retraction of anterior teeth
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Active component of Removable Appliances
Buccal canine retractor• 0.7 mm diameter SS• Function: Palatal and distal movement of mesially angulated canines
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Active component of Removable Appliances
Coffin spring • 1.25 mm diameter SS• Function: transverse expansion, buccal crossbite correction
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Active component of Removable Appliances
Screw
Function: Expansion and distalization
Activation: 1 turn / week = 0.25mm (1/4 turn)
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ELASTICS
Rubber or Latex rings
Used in:– Extra oral traction– Inter-intramaxillary traction
Patient cooperation
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Retentive components
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Types of Clasps
1. Adams Clasps
2. Southend Clasps
5. Delta Clasps
4. Ball-ended Clasps
3. Labial bow
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Retentive component of Removable Appliances
• 0.7 mm diameter SS on molars• 0.6 mm SS on premolars, canine and
deciduous molar
Adams clasps
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Retentive component of Removable Appliances
• 0.7 mm diameter SSSouthend clasps
Function: Useful when distal movement of canines required
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Retentive component of Removable Appliances
• 0.7 mm diameter SSLabial bow
Function:- Retention- important when mesial / distal
movement is planned
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Retentive component of Removable Appliances
Labial bowShort labial bow
Long labial bow
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Ball- ended Clasps
• Undercut interproximally
• minimal retention
• 0.7 mm diameter SS
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Delta Clasps
• 0.7 mm diameter SS• Difficult to adjust
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Anchorage
Definition: the resistance to unwanted tooth movement
• equal in magnitude and opposite in direction
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Types of intra oral Anchorage
• Simple
• Reciprocal
• Stationary
• Intermaxillary
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Types of INTRA ORAL Anchorage
Simple Anchorage
Active movement of few teeth versus several anchor teeth
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Types of intra oral Anchorage
Resiprocal Anchorage
When two teeth or two sets of teeth move to an equal extent in an opposite direction
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Types of intra oral Anchorage
Stationary Anchorage
Bodily movement of one group of teeth against tipping of another
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Types of intra oral Anchorage
Intermaxillary Anchorage
When the anchorage units situated in one jaw used to provide the force required to move teeth in the opposing jaw
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Baseplate
1. Hold components2. Clear acrylic : - heat cure - cold cure - autoresin3. Comfortable4. Good fit5. Can be active - biteplanes
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Baseplate
Posterior biteplanes Anterior biteplanes
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REMOVABLE OR FIXED ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES WHICH USE FORCES GENERATED BY THE STRETCHING OF MUSCLES, FASCIA, AND /OR PERIODONTIUM TO ALTER SKELETAL AND DENTAL RELATIONSHIPS
FUNCTIONAL APPLIANCES
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TYPE OF CASE• For correction of moderate to severe Class II div I and Class II div 2• Less for correction of Class III due to much lower success
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INDICATIONS
PATIENT1. Growing patient2. Motivated patientDENTAL3. Classic case: uncrowded, well aligned 4. Functional appliance have non-mechanism for treating
irregularities of alignment of teethSKELETAL5. Moderate to severe Class II skeletal base 6. Normal to low MMPA
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CONTRA INDICATIONS• Non-growing• Non compliance• Labial tipping of lower incisors• Care needed with: High angle cases with backward mandibular growth rotation Cases with proclined lower incisors
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TYPES OF FUNCTIONAL APPLIANCE• TWIN BLOCK• THE ANDRESEN ACTIVATOR• THE HARVOLD ACTIVATOR• HERBST APPLIANCE• MEDIUM OPENING ACTIVATOR• BIONATOR• FRANKEL APPLIANCE• Others
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Twin block appliance• The upper and lower parts fit together using posterior bite
blocks with interlocking biteplanes which posture the mandible forward
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The Andresen Activator
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Herbst Appliance
• A fix-functional appliance.
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Bionator
• Minimal bulk
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The Frankle Appliance
• Is a functional regulator and uses shield.
• Complex, uncomfortable, rapid changes if worn properly.
• Three main variants:• FR1: Class II div 1• FR2: Class II div2• FR3: Class III
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WEAR• 12-14 hrs-Andresen, Harvold, Bionator• Full-time- twin block, Herbst, Frankel (except for eating and sports)
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APPLIANCE WHICH IS FIXED TO TEETH AND CANNOT BE REMOVED BY THE PATIENT
FIXED APPLIANCES
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2. Axillaries (attach arch wire to brackets and bands to move teeth such as tubes, hooks and elastics
3. Arch wires are attached to the brackets by bending the wire, it will give force and pressure that cause teeth to move in the desired direction .
1. Attachments include bands (especially on 1st and 2nd
molars) & brackets bonded directly to the teeth (especially on anterior & premolar teeth) .
COMPONANTS OF FIXED APPLIANCE
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A
B
C
D
E
F
G
A. Bracket
B. Arch wire
C. Elastomeric modules
D. Elastic
E. Hook
F. Tube
G. Band
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Full banding braces
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Metal bracket
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Plastic brackets Plastic brackets with metal slot
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Ceramic brackets
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Self ligating bracket
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Self ligating clear bracket
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Lingual appliances
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Clear plastic appliances
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Fixed Appliances Removable appliances - Precise three dimensional control of tooth movement
- Less precise control of tooth movement
- Bodily tooth movement - Tipping movement - High anchorage requirement - Smaller anchorage
requirement - Controlled space closure possible
- Controlled space closure difficult
- Simple to correct rotations - More difficult to correct rotations.
- Long chairside time - Short chairside time - Not dependent on compliance to wear
- Dependent on compliance to wear
- Require extensive training to manage
- Require less training to manage
- Multiple tooth movement - Fewer tooth movement