Types of Matter NotesVocabulary:1. chemistry2. matter3. pure substance4. representative particle5. element6. symbol7. compound8. formula9. molecule/formula unit10. Law of Definite

Composition11. mixture

12. heterogeneous mixture13. homogeneous mixture14. solution15. solid16. liquid 17. gas

“No. 8”, Jackson Pollack, 1949

What is chemistry?

Chemistry is the study of matter.

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Categories of MatterWe will initially look at two different classifications of matter, each of which has two sub-classifications.

Matter

Elements

MixturesPure Substances

Compounds HomogeneousMixture

HeterogeneousMixture

Definition Time!

Pure substance: a substance containing only one type of representative particle.

Representative particle: the smallest part of a substance containing all the properties of the substance.

Element

A pure substance made of ONLY ONE TYPE OF ATOM.Representative particle: the atomFound on the periodic table.Has a symbol (first letter isupper case and secondletter, if any, is lower case.)

ALL elements are on the periodic table!!

Cu

ClCs

C

CompoundA pure substance that is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically combined.Has a formula containing the symbols of two or more elements.Follows the Law of Definite Composition.Representative particle: molecules or formula units.Components can only be chemically separated.

Definition

Law of Definite Composition: Every compound has a fixed number of atoms of its component elements (e.g., water always has 2 hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom in each molecule.)

Compounds are made of elements!!

water rust sugarH2O Fe2O3 C12H22O11

Two elements

Two elements

Three elements

Compounds have a formula!!

MixtureTwo or more types of matter that are blended, but not chemically combined.Each substance in the mixture maintains its identity and properties.There is no representative particle for the mixture, only the individual components of the mixture.Components can be physically separated.

MixturesNo symbol or formula!

Heterogeneous MixtureHetero: DifferentA mixture that is not uniform throughout on a particle level.

Easy to see the different components so obviously it is heterogeneous.

Can not see through the chocolate milk, so particles are not uniform throughout, and therefore heterogeneous.

Homogeneous MixtureHomo: SameA mixture which is uniform throughout on a particle level.Also called solutions

Kool Aid: Can not see the components and clear, so homogeneous.

Salt Water:Tough one. You have to be told that the water has salt in it. You can’t see the salt, so homogeneous.

White Gold:Tough one. You have to be told that is made of silver and gold mixed together (called an “alloy,” a mixture of metals). Homogeneous.

SummaryElement Compound Mixture

Pure substance? yes yes no# of different types of atoms 1 More than 1 More than 1

Representative particle atom molecule or

formula unit none

Shorthand symbol formula none

On periodic table? yes no noCan be separated by physical means? no no yes

Can be separated by chemical means? no yes yes

Sample Model

Self QuizIdentify

Which examples are solids, which are liquids, and which are gases?Which examples show a phase change?Which examples are elements, which are compounds, which are homogeneous mixtures, and which are heterogeneous mixtures?