Types of Maps

Presented by: Wendy P. BatallerIII-6 BEED

MAPS ARE USED EXTENSIVELY

THROUGHOUT SOCIETY.LEARNING TO RECOGNIZE

WHAT A MAPHAS TO OFFER IS AN IMPORTANT SKILL.

Maps are ingenious inventions of man, without

which we wouldHave to spent scores of ours locating places and wasting

Precious time by getting lost.

Different Types of Maps and their uses

CLIMATE MAPIt gives general information about the climate and

precipitation(rain and snow )of a region.

These maps actually map factors such as temperature,

precipitation, seasonal variations and various

geographical features that help distinguish the several

climate zones.z

Different Types of Maps and their uses

ECONOMIC MAPFeature the type of natural resources or economic activity that dominates an

area.

Different Types of Maps and their uses

PHYSICAL MAPShow the earth’ s landforms and bodies of water the

maps used lines, shading, tints, spot elevations, and different colors to show

elevation and distinguish the mountains from the

lowlands.

Different Types of Maps and their uses

POLITICAL MAP

It indicates state and national boundaries and capital and major cities.

it locate a country, city or state.

Different Types of Maps and their uses

ROAD MAPShow major – some minor

highways – and roads, airports, railroad tracks, cities and other points of interest in an area.

People used road maps to plan trips and for driving directions. It help people locate a business

that might be advertising in a newspaper.

Different Types of Maps and their uses

TOPOGRAPHIC MAP Include contour lines to

show the shape and elevation of an area. Lines that are close

together indicate steep terrain, and lines that are far apart indicate terrain.

Different Types of Maps and their uses

ATLASES Atlases are collections of maps of regions, countries, continents,

or the world. Such maps are accurate only to a degree and can be used for general information

only.

Different Types of Maps and their uses

Geographic MapsProvide an overall idea of the

mapped area in relation to climate, population, relief,

vegetation, and hydrography. They also show the general location of

major urban areas.

Different Types of Maps and their uses

Tourist Road MapsMaps of a region in which the main means of transportation

and areas of interest are shown. Some of these maps show secondary networks of

roads, historic sites, museums, and beaches in detail. They may contain road and time distance between points.

Different Types of Maps and their uses

Orthophoto mapsThese maps show land features using color-enhanced photographic images which have been processed to show detail in true position. They may or may not include contours. Because imagery naturally depicts an area in a more true-to-life manner than the conventional line map, the orthophoto map provides an excellent portrayal of extensive areas of sand, marsh, or flat agricultural areas.

Different Types of Maps and their uses

Relief mapsmaps that show relief data using contour lines, colors, and/or shading to evidence the elevation.

Shaded relief maps show topographic features by using shading to simulate the appearance of sunlight and shadows. Steep mountains will have dark shadows, while flat lands will have no shadows.

Different Types of Maps and their uses

Geologic mapsmap of the different types of rocks that are on the surface of the Earth. By mapping different rock types, geologists can determine the relationships between different rock formations which can then be used to find mineral resources, oil, and gravel deposits

Different Types of Maps and their uses

Environmental mapsmaps include maps that look at human's activity in urban and metropolitan areas and the environment in which we all live. Maps that illustrate physiographic features such as forests, grassland, woodland, tundra, grazing land, ocean floors, and ocean sediments could be included in this large grouping.

MAP PROJECTIONS Maps are called projections because

map-makers have to project a 3-D surface onto a 2-D map. A projection is a

representation of one thing onto another, such as a curved 3-Dimensional surface

(like the Earth) onto a flat 2-Dimensional map. There are 3 major types of

projections: cylindrical, conic, and planar.

central meridianA central meridian is a meridian that passes

through the center of a projection. The central

meridian is often a straight line that is an

axis of symmetry of the projection.

conic projectionA conic projection is a type of map in which a

cone is wrapped around a sphere (the globe), and the details of the globe are projected onto the

cylindrical surface. Then, the cylinder is

unwrapped into a flat surface.

A cylindrical projection is a type of map in which

a cylinder is wrapped around a sphere (the

globe), and the details of the globe are projected

onto the cylindrical surface. Then, the

cylinder is unwrapped into a flat surface,

yielding a rectangular-shaped map. Cylindrical

maps have a lot of distortion in the polar

regions (that is, the size of the polar regions is greatly exaggerated on

these maps).

equatorThe equator is an

imaginary circle around the earth, halfway

between the north and south poles.

geographical coordinate system

A geographical coordinate system is a

system that uses latitude and longitude to describe

points on the spherical surface of the globe.

Latitude is the angular distance north or south from the equator to a

particular location. The equator has a latitude of zero degrees. The North Pole has a latitude of 90 degrees North; the South Pole has a latitude of 90

degrees South.

Longitude is the angular distance east or west

from the north-south line that passes through

Greenwich, England, to a particular location.

Greenwich, England has a longitude of zero

degrees. The farther east or west of Greenwich

you are, the greater your longitude. Midway

Islands (in the Pacific Ocean) have a longitude of 180 degrees (they are on the opposite side of

the globe from Greenwich).

A Mercator projection is a type of rectangular map

in which the true compass direction are kept intact (lines of

latitude and longitude intersect at right angles),

but areas are distorted (for example, polar areas

look much larger than they really are). Mercator projections are useful for

nautical navigation. Geradus Mercator

devised this cylindrical projection for use in navigation in 1569.

meridianA meridian a circular arc of longitude that meets at the north and south poles and connects all places of the

same longitude. The prime meridian (0 degrees

longitude) passes through Greenwich, England.

Mollweide projectionA Mollweide projection is a

type of sinusoidal projection map in which the entire surface of the Earth is shown within an ellipse.

Lines of latitude are parallel to the equator, but lines of

longitude are curved in such a way that area

distortion is minimal. The distortion is greatest at the

edges of the ellipse. This type of projection was

created by Carl B. Mollweide in 1805.

Orthographic projectionAn Orthographic projection is a type of map in which is

essentially a drawing of (one side of) a globe. There is a lot of distortion of area in this type of map, but one gets the idea that the globe

is being represented.

Orthophanic projectionThe Orthophanic (meaning

'right appearing') projection, also called the Robinson

projection, is a widely-used type of map in which the Earth is shown in a flattened ellipse.

In this pseudocylindrical. projection, lines of latitude are

parallel to the equator, but lines of latitude are elliptical

arcs. In a Robinson projection, area is represented accurately, but the distances and compass

directions are distorted (for example, compass lines are

curved). This type of projection was first made in 1963 by

Arthur H. Robinson.

parallelA parallel (of latitude) is a line on a map that represents an

imaginary east-west circle drawn on the Earth in a plane

parallel to the plane that contains the equator.

planar projectionA planar projection is a type of map in which the details of the

globe are projected onto a plane (a flat surface) yielding a

rectangular-shaped map. Cylindrical maps have a lot of distortion towards the edges.

Robinson projectionThe Robinson projection is a

widely-used type of map in which the Earth is shown within an

ellipse with a flat top and bottom. In this pseudocylindrical.

projection, lines of latitude are parallel to the equator, but lines of

latitude are elliptical arcs. In a Robinson projection, area is

represented accurately, but the distances and compass directions

are distorted (for example, compass lines are curved). This

type of projection was first made in 1963 by Arthur H. Robinson; it

is also called the Orthophanic projection (meaning 'right

appearing').

sinusoidal projection

A sinusoidal projection is a type of map projection in which lines of latitude are parallel to the equator, and

lines of longitude are curved around the prime

meridian.

Winkel Tripel projection

A Winkel Tripel projection is a type of

preudocylindrical projection map in which both the lines of latitude and longitude are curved.

The Winkel Tripel projection was adopted by the National Geographic Society in the late 1990s (replacing the Robinson

projection).

A good plan is like a road map: it shows the final destination and usually the best way to get there.

H. Stanley Judd

THE END…….