types of governments. to study governments, geographers look at the following: types – who rules...
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Types of Governments
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To study governments, geographers look at the following:
Types – Who rules and who participates.
Systems – How the power is distributed.
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Types of Government are based on one key question: Who governs and what is the citizen participation?
There are three types of governments:Autocracy, Oligarchy, and Democracy
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Autocracy
Government in which the power to govern is held by one person.
Generally the power to rule is inherited or by military force.
There are three
types of Autocracy.
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#1 Dictatorship
The leader has not been elected and uses force to control all aspects of social and economic life.
Examples: Adolf Hitler in Germany and Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union
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#2 AbsoluteMonarchy
A monarchy has a king, queen, emperor or empress.
The power is usually inherited or passed down from family members.
The monarch has absolute power meaning they can make all decisions without consulting anyone.
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#3 Constitutional Monarchy
Kings, queens or emperors share power with elected legislatures.
Generally the Kings are nothing more than figureheads.
The government is a democratic one that limits the monarchs power.
Example: Great Britain
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Oligarchy
A government in which a few people such as a dominant clan or clique have power.The group gets their power from either military, wealth or social status.Elections may be held but offer
only one candidate.Examples: Greek city states
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Democracy
In a democracy, the government is “Rule by the people”There are two forms of democracyDirect Democracy – People vote on all the
issues.Representative Democracy – People elect
representatives and give them the power to vote on issues.
Example: United States
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In a democracy….
Individual freedom and equality is valued.
Free elections are held
Decisions are based on majority rule.
All candidates can express their views freely.
Citizens vote by secret ballot.
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Democratic Governments
There are two major forms of democratic governments:ParliamentaryPresidential
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Parliamentary Democracy
Voters elect members to the Parliament (legislature)
Parliament has two Houses: House of Commons: The Political Party with the
most votes in the House of Commons chooses the Prime Minister, the government’s leader with no set length of term.
House of Lords: Little power with most members being nobles having inherited their titles
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Presidential Democracy
Voters elect legislators
Voters elect (indirectly) the president.Therefore, in the presidential system voters
have a more direct say about those who serve in two branches of the government :
LegislativeExecutive
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Parliamentary System
Presidential System
ExecutiveExecutive LegislativeLegislative
CitizensCitizensCitizensCitizens
LegislativeLegislative
ExecutiveExecutive
Elect
Elect
Elect
Elect
Select
Select
ElectElect
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Putting it all together….
The United Kingdom is an autocratic constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy and a unitary system.The United States is a presidential democracy with a federal system.
What do those statements mean?
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What do you remember?
What are the three types of governments?
What are the three systems of government?