types of faults. subduction faults oceanic plate moves under a continental plate large elevation...
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![Page 1: Types of Faults. Subduction Faults Oceanic plate moves under a continental plate Large elevation difference between mountains and water level Pressure](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050809/5697bff41a28abf838cbcf7a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Types of Faults
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Subduction Faults
• Oceanic plate moves under a continental plate
• Large elevation difference between mountains and water level
• Pressure of oceanic plate sliding underneath, causes the folding of crust.
• Results in adjacent lands being mountainous
• Ex. the Chile trench is 8 km deep and the Andes are 7km tall
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Subduction fault
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Extension Faults
• Two plates pull away from one another
– In the ocean - Molten rock fills in the seafloor as it spreads apart
Ex. The mid-oceanic ridge is the longest continuous landform region on Earth
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Extension Faults
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Extension Faults (cont’d)
• On land: this causes the land to either:
1) sinks as plates move away
- creates rivers and lakes
- e.g. Great Rift Valley in Africa,
Rocky Mountain trench
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Rift Valley
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Extension Faults (cont’d))
2) Rises as plates move away
(Horst/block Mountains)
eg. Table Mountain in Africa,
Grand Teton in US
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Block Mountains
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Collision Mountains
• Two plates collide into each other
• Both plates are continental
• No subduction takes place since plates are the same size and strength
• Continual crushing of the plates create a crumpling of land which create mountains
• E.g. Himalayan mountains
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Collision Faults
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Strike-Slip Mountains
• Plates side laterally beside each other
• Often sudden movements which cause earthquakes and volcanoes
• E.g. San Andreas fault
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Strike-Slip Fault
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Strike-Slip Faults