types of ethograms ©dr. mitchel goodkin, 2008

©Dr. Mitchel Goodkin, 2008

We need todefine

Ethogram…


An Ethogramis a list ofbehaviors


That being said, there are

3 methods ofEthogram

data collectionthat

we will discuss:

Method 1:Continuous Sampling

Method 2:

Method 3:Instantaneous Sampling

Zonal Sampling©Dr. Mitchel Goodkin, 2008

Continuous Sampling•Either a focal animal or a group of animals may be observed.•The observer selects a duration for the entire observation.•The observer chooses which behavior(s) to record.


Continuous Sampling•The data is recorded non-stop for the entire duration of the observation.•The data may be recorded as frequency of occurrence or as a duration.


Continuous Sampling•For frequency a tally chart should be used and the behavior is checked as a tally mark as it is performed.


Continuous SamplingExample of a frequency based continuous sampling for a tribe of baboons; (the entire tribe observed)

Autogrooming Allogrooming Eating Sitting

0:00-1:00 I IIII II IIII IIII IIIIIII IIII IIII IIII

III

1:01-2:00 IIII IIII IIII IIII IIII IIII I

IIII IIII IIII IIII IIII II


Continuous Sampling•For duration a stop watch must be used and the watch is started or stopped according to what the observed behavior is.


Continuous SamplingExample of a duration based continuous sampling for a single baboon; (a focal animal was identified)

Eating Not Eating

10:00 am-11:59 am10/2108

70m 20s 48 m 40s

12:00 pm-1:59 pm10/2108

18m 45s 100m 15s

Instantaneous Sampling•A focal animal is used.•The observer selects an appropriate time interval for the observations.•The observer uses a stopwatch and records what the animal is doing ONLY at the predetermined time interval. ©Dr. Mitchel Goodkin, 2008

Instantaneous Sampling•The observer has created an extensive list of possible behaviors, which are explained in detail before the observations begin.


Instantaneous Sampling

0:00:15 Autogrooming0:00:30 Autogrooming0:00:45 Drinking water0:01:00 Alert resting0:01:15 Alert resting0:01:30 Sniffing0:01:45 Relaxed resting0:02:00 Relaxed resting

Example of an instantaneous sampling data table.

Zonal Sampling•Either a focal animal is used or a group of animals.•The observer sketches a diagram of the cage, tank or enclosure.•The observer then divides the sketch into distinct zones.


Zonal Sampling•The observer then selects an appropriate time interval for the observations.•The observer uses a stopwatch and records either how many animals are in each zone or which zone the focal animal is in ONLY at the predetermined time interval.


Zonal Sampling

The Zone # that the Goldfish with the Bright Orange Fin is In

0:00:15 10:00:30 60:00:45 10:01:00 10:01:15 10:01:30 30:01:45 2

Example of a zonal sampling data table.

types of ethograms ©dr. mitchel goodkin, 2008

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