types of chemical reactions
TRANSCRIPT
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Synthesis, DecompositionSingle & Double DisplacementComplete & Incomplete CombustionTypes of Reaction
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element + element compoundelement + element compound
1. Synthesis (the hook-up)
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1. Synthesis (the hook-up)
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1. Synthesis (the hook-up)
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Mg(s) + O2(g) MgO(s)Mg(s) + O2(g) MgO(s)
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Metal + Nonmetal Ionic compound
Hydrogen + Nonmetal Simple acid
Nonmetal + Nonmetal Molecular compound
1. Synthesis (the hook-up)
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1. Synthesis (the hook-up)
Example 1: Predict the products when calcium reacts with nitrogen gas
Formula of reactants:Formula of products:Balanced chemical equation (add
states):
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compound element + elementcompound element + element
2. Decomposition (the break-up)
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2. Decomposition (the break-up)
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2. Decomposition (the break-up)
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Ionic compound Metal + Nonmetal
Molecular compound products may be unpredictable
2. Decomposition (the break-up)
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2. Decomposition (the break-up)
Example 2: Predict the products when lithium chloride decomposes.
Formula of reactants:Formula of products:Balanced chemical equation (add
states):
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3. Single Displacement (cheater)
One element knocks out (“displaces”) another element in a compoundOne element knocks out (“displaces”) another element in a compound
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Nonmetals swapped (females)
3. Single Displacement (cheater)
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2CaO + I2 2CaI2 + O2
3. Single Displacement (cheater)
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Metals swapped (males)
AB + Y YB + A
3. Single Displacement (cheater)
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3. Single Displacement (cheater)
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Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl(s) + H2(g)Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl(s) + H2(g)
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Rule: only ions of the same type can switch
Metal replaces a metal, nonmetal replaces a nonmetal
3. Single Displacement (cheater)
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3. Single Displacement (cheater)
Example 3: Predict the products when sodium nitrate reacts with aluminum
Formula of reactants:Formula of products:Balanced chemical equation (add
states):
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3. Single Displacement (cheater)
Example 4: Predict the products when beryllium fluoride reacts with sulfur gas
Formula of reactants:Formula of products:Balanced chemical equation (add
states):
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4. Double Displacement (the swap)
Two aqueous ionic compounds switch places with each otherTwo aqueous ionic compounds switch places with each other
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AB + XY AY + XBAB + XY AY + XB
4. Double Displacement (the swap)
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4. Double Displacement (the swap)
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2KI+ Pb(NO3)2 → PbI2 + 2K(NO3)2KI+ Pb(NO3)2 → PbI2 + 2K(NO3)
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4. Double Displacement (the swap)
Example 5: Predict the products when magnesium sulfate reacts with potassium iodide
Formula of reactants:Formula of products:Balanced chemical equation (add
states):
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4. Double Displacement (the swap)
Example 6: Predict the products when Lead (II) nitrate reacts with ammonium phosphate
Formula of reactants:Formula of products:Balanced chemical equation (add
states):
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5. Combustion
Combustion reactions occur whenever oxygen is a reactant.
Energy is also released in the form of heat or light.
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5. Combustion
Combustion reactions are further divided into these categories based on the substance being burned: Metal combustion Nonmetal combustion Hydrocarbon combustion
▪ Complete▪ Incomplete
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5. Combustion
Combustion of Metals
Metal + oxygen gas metal oxide
2Mg + O2 2MgO
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5. Combustion
Combustion of Nonmetals
Nonmetal + oxygen nonmetal oxide
C + O2 CO2
These are also classified as synthesis reactions.
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5. Combustion
Combustion of Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbon + oxygen gas ??
There 2 possible results depending on whether it is complete or incomplete
See next slides for more information
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This occurs when all the carbons in the hydrocarbon is fully reacted with oxygen to form carbon dioxide.
Hydrocarbon + oxygen gas carbon dioxide + water
5a. Complete Combustion of Hydrocarbons
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CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2OCxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O
5a. Complete Combustion of Hydrocarbons
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CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2OCH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O
5a. Complete Combustion of Hydrocarbons
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5b. Incomplete Combustion of Hydrocarbons
Occurs when not all of the carbons are fully reacted with oxygen
Results in carbon products that are connected to fewer than 2 oxygen atoms
Examples: Carbon with 1 oxygen = carbon
monoxide (clear colourless poisonous gas that kills by suffocation because your body thinks it is oxygen gas O2)
Carbon with no oxygen = carbon (e.g. coal or the black soot left in a fire pit and a BBQ)
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5b. Incomplete Combustion of Hydrocarbons
• Hydrocarbon + oxygen gas water carbon dioxide + carbon monoxide + carbon
CxHy + O2 H2O + CO2 + CO + CCxHy + O2 H2O + CO2 + CO + C
5b. Incomplete Combustion of Hydrocarbons
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Writing Chemical ReactionsGiven the reactants, predict the
products and classify the type of reaction
Write the chemical formulas for compounds in the reaction
Be aware of diatomic molecules, multivalents ions and polyatomics
Include the states of matterBalance the equation